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Ansor and Banser are both entities affiliated with Nahdlatul Ulama, Indonesia’s largest Islamic mass organization. Ansor is considered NU’s youth activist wing, with Banser being a paramilitary security task force within Ansor.In (Un)Civil Society and Political Change in Indonesia: A Contested Arena (2013), political scientist Verena Beittinger-Lee outlines the history of both Ansor and Banser:Ansor or Pemuda Ansor is Nahdlatul Ulama’s militant youth wing. Ansor emerged from an internal split within the Nahdlatul Wathan, an organization preceding the NU. In 1924, those youths supporting KH Abdul Wahab Hasbullah founded a group called Syubbanul Wathan (Pemuda Tanah Air), which became the embryo of what later would be called the Persatuan Pemuda NU (PPNU), Pemuda NU (PNU), the Anshoru Nahdlatul Oelama (ANO), and finally the Gerakan Pemuda Ansor. The present-day Ansor was founded in 1934. Pemuda Ansor played a major role in the eradication of alleged communists in parts of Java in 1965–66. Banser, or Barisan Serbaguna Ansor, is the security task force of Ansor. A meeting of around 40,000 members of Banser in Kediri on 31 August 1996 showed the size of the movement.Banser has historically been deployed to protect the interests of NU and its affiliated organizations. In 2000, its members attacked the offices of Jawa Pos after the newspaper printed a story on alleged corruption of NU members. In 2001, it also vowed to show up in force to support embattled then-President Abdurrahman Wahid (a leader of NU) and his National Awakening Party (PKB).At the same time, Banser has also sent volunteer forces to help guard churches and public venues when Jakarta was under the threat of terrorist attacks in 2005. This move might seem strange to outside observers, but it actually aligns with NU’s mission of maintaining influence by upholding a moderate interpretation of Islam.Despite Banser’s military-style uniforms and intimidating appearance, Australian political scientist Greg Barton opines in Abdurrahman Wahid, Muslim Democrat, Indonesia President: A View from the Inside (2002) that the group is rather harmless and nothing more than “overgrown Boy Scouts”.Beittinger-Lee also explains further the paradox of Banser’s activities:[O]ne can say that Banser is a group not easily categorized as either a civil or an uncivil force. Its actions and affiliations are somewhat confusing, considering the organization’s official democratic commitment. The fact that even after 1998 Banser threatens to use violence makes the group’s potential difficult to assess. However, experience has shown that Banser is vulnerable to political manipulation as well. Banser’s large membership and a past that has proven its readiness to exert the uttermost forms of violence render the organization a possible threat. The question is, just as with other paramilitary groups in Indonesia, whether it could be dispensed with.

I have had to go back to 2005 to find an opinion poll about this, and it reveals that 51% thought that Franco was either “bad” or “very bad”. An interesting aspect was that 66% of younger people (then aged 18–29) felt the same way.La opinión sobre Franco empeora 13 puntos en los últimos cinco años

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