Maryland Pv: Fill & Download for Free

Solar panels are made of many materials - semiconductors, metals, glasses. Hence recycling the panels at the end of their lifetime is a challenge. Still, some efforts are already in place :CdTe thin-film modules are being recycled by a process involcing shredding, leaching with chemical, separation and precipitation. More details are here : End-of-life PV: then what? - Recycling solar PV panelsSilicon solar cells , which have a large market share are recycled using standard process on similar lines ( WaterShed at the University of Maryland | U.S. Department of Energy Solar Decathlon 2011 )A flow diagram might help:However, the silicon after recycling does not have the same quality (mostly mono crystalline silicon have the best quality and efficiency due to lesser defects/dislocations and less sites available to act as recombination centers for electrons and holes) and research is in progress to improve the process. And even more research thrust, to know how lower grade silicon (multi-crystalline silicon) can still be made more efficient.

Wind does not seem to be well suited for West Virginia:The cost of solar continues to fall and is very competitive with wind. So Solar photovoltaic (PV) is the best solution for the area, one can expect between 4 and 5 kWh/m2/day. Residential electricity rates in West Virginia average 9.85¢/kWh, which ranks the state 42nd in the nation, rates are low compared to rates in California.West Virginia is similar to Maryland and this article explains how Solar is prospering in Maryland.Solar jobs soar as Maryland prioritizes renewable energy

The situation is both better and worse than Vincent portrays.1. PV + Wind with a good distribution system can ramp up to 80% of our needs. (Recent study using the Maryland/Carolina region weather records.) This can be done with roughly doubling the present cost of electricity.2. Now that the geologists have their blinkers off, they are finding more evidence for rapid change. This is good and bad. Good, in that ecologies came back. (The Amazon was a savannah 9,000 years ago.) Bad in that there seem to be abrupt steps in the change. Times when temperatures changed 3-4 degrees in a decade. Times when the ocean rose several meters in a decade.3. There is research being done on drilling with a hydrogen flame. If the cooling problem (the heads melt...) can be licked, drilling geothermal wells looks good -- and they could be drilled almost anywhere.4. Lawrence livermore is doing research on solid carbon fuel cells. About twice the efficiency of conventional coal fired steam, and the CO2 produced is an almost pure stream so that injecting it into deep water formations may be practical.5. There is a lot of wind at 35000 feet. To get it means we have to make 70,000 foot cables that can support their own weight.That said:Even if we were able to turn off all fossil fuel use, we are committed to 400+ppm CO2 for the next few centuries. We are going to have a rough century.The climate models for the disintegration of the arctic ice cap have seriously underestimated the melt. (The climate models can be wrong -- the other way -- from what the denialists would like)The western antarctic ice sheet is dropping at something like 16 m/year. If it goes completely that's 5 meters of ocean rise. The EAIS is not fully stable. The last Bedmap project found that the amount of ice resting on ground that was below sea level is 23% more than they previously thought, and there is evidence that some large chunks were bare as recently as 2-3 million years ago.The atlantic heat conveyor seems to be more fickle/unstable than previously thought. While this doesn't turn Europe into an icebox instantly, it is enough to make people scramble for more cold tolerant crops. (More rye, less wheat.)