Human Accident Intake: Fill & Download for Free

Question: What are some dark implications in Pixar movies?Here are three:Up: Carl was going to commit suicide and the only thing that stopped him was Russell coming to his door, and then being trapped on the floating house.Think about it: Carl really couldn’t have believed that his plan to float to South America was going to work. He didn’t want to be placed in an elder care facility and he desperately missed the love of his life, Ellie. So he decided to float the house high into the sky and then wait for whatever happened.Fortunately for him, (but unfortunately for his plans) Russell came along and Carl couldn’t go through with those plans. He manages to get Russell inside and then he also manages to keep the house intact and roughly on course as he cannot allow Russell to perish. A very grim scenario turns into the beginning of an adventure just because a lonely Wilderness Scout needed help and an old man was prevented from killing himself.The Incredibles I - Mr. Incredible murders Syndrome right in front of his children.While Syndrome certainly deserved to be killed for murdering all of the other superheroes, and for causing untold death and damage in the city with his war robot, Mr. Incredible clearly and calculating throws his sports car at Syndrome’s aircraft hundreds of feet in the air, which almost certainly was going to severely injure or kill him anyway. Getting dragged into the aircraft’s engine intake was simply an unforeseen “benefit” of what was clearly an intentional act of murder.Imagine your children standing in their yard and you killing someone in front of them. It really doesn’t matter how you did it, the fact would be that you did do it. They would have that day seared into their minds for the remainder of their lives and it likely would cause them no end of mental and physical problems. That’s a lifetime of counseling for you….Wall-E - The survivors on the Axiom represented the last of humanity. If Wall-E hadn’t come out to their ship, it’s likely that the human race would have gone extinct without ever learning that Earth was becoming re-inhabitable.Clearly the 250k or so people on the Axiom couldn’t represent all of the people who escaped Earth. Since the ship didn’t find another habitable planet and since it was never shown getting in touch with other ships, the implication is that the passengers on that vessel are all that remains of the human race. That’s a grimmer fate than had they remained on Earth and tried to save things.Wall-E’s unexpected arrival likely prevented the extinction of humanity. And had he not found the sprout and then brought it back to his “home”, then it could have been decades or centuries before humanity ever returned to Earth, assuming that they ever would. It was a happy series of accidents involving a curious trash compacting robot that saved humankind.

a. There are no nociceptors in the brain [1], therefore damage in brain tissue does not cause pain.That’s why many open-brain surgeries can take place, while the patient is wide awake and chatting with the doctors! In fact, when first introduced, awake surgery was considered a pioneering and extremely helpful method, as it allowed surgeons to ensure they were destroying only epileptogenic or tumour tissue, without harming surrounding functional and vital areas [2].b. Taste receptors are not restricted to the tongue, but are found throughout the body; in the nasal epithelium, the trachea, the stomach, the bile duct, the intestines, aaand the brain [3]. It seems that the brain can “taste” how sweet or bitter the blood is, as certain areas known to influence glucose homeostasis, contain neurons expressing functional glucoreceptors [4], while neural cells in other areas express bitter taste receptors [5], whose functional role remains, as of yet, undetermined. Hmmm, “food for thought”…c. Starvation induces brain cell cannibalism.When energy sources in the brain are scarce, a pathway called “autophagy” (greek word for self-eating) is activated in the hypothalamus, resulting in the release of hunger signals that prompt foraging and eating [6].d. Certain microorganisms can creep in your brain and alter your behavior and personality, e.g making you disobey the rules.Many parasites alter the behaviour of intermediate hosts to increase predation risk, so that they complete their life cycle from the intermediate hosts in the final hosts [7]. For instance, a protozoon named Toxoplasma gondii lives in the cells that line the intestine of a feline. Its oocysts, when excreted with the feline’s feces to the soil, can infect a wide range of warm-blooded vertebrates, most notably rodents but also including humans [8]T. gondii then encysts the brain and other tissues of the intermediary host (typically rodent), until this host is consumed by the final (feline) host, within which it can reproduce. It is of great interest for sneaky little T. gondii that the rodent is eaten as fast as possible by a nearby cat, so this parasite has been selected to modify the rat’s behavior in a way that makes it more likely to be eaten. Indeed, rodents infected by this parasite have higher exploratory behavior, are first to enter traps and their strong innate aversion to cats is reversed into an attraction, luring them into the jaws of their No. 1 predator [9]. Although humans are a dead-end host for T. gondii, as currently cats rarely ever eat humans, infection with this parasite seems to alter human behavior as well. Infected male subjects become more suspicious, introverted, more oblivious to other people’s opinions of them, and more inclined to disregard rules [10]. There are also reports that the reflexes of infected drivers deteriorate and they are more likely to be involved in car accidents [11].What’s more is that it is highly unlikely that T.gondii is the only microscopic puppeteer able to pull our strings. It would be plausible to assume that there are dozens of other tiny brain manipulatos, such as the rabies virus, or parasites we haven’t even heard of. A case of wild, bizarre neurobiology…e. You may be able to lead a normal life with almost your entire brain missing.This case of a 44-year old, hydrocephalus man in France might be the most astonishing example of the plastic brain’s gigantic capacity for adaptation. This patient went to the doctor because of weakness in his left leg. When doctors examined his MRI scans they were shocked. Most of his skull cavity was filled with cerebrospinal fluid, while only a thin layer of gray matter was lining the interior surface of the skull (see that sobering MRI scan below!) [12]Despite the fact that only the bare minimum of his brain was retained, this man leads a normal life; he is a married father of two children and works as a civil service worker. Other impressive cases of extreme brain plasticity are patients who undergo hemispherectomy in young age, as a means of eliminating intractable seizures. This operation results in removal of an entire hemisphere of the brain. The most incredible fact about this process is that memory, speech and personality develop normally after hemispherectomies, and children's academic performances often improve after the surgery [13].It should be noted, though, that cases like the above are rare, and deficits of this extent can only be compensated, if the damage occurs at a pre- or early postnatal developmental stage, when the brain is maximally plastic.f. There is an ongoing battle going on in your brain – a battle for cortical real estate.The scientific, and more civilized term for this battle is “competitive plasticity”, and its outcome is dictated by the central “neural Darwinism” principle; survival of the busiest.In other words, brain regions dedicated to different functions, compete with each other, resulting in the less active areas being taken over by the more active areas. For example, sensory cortices of individuals who are congenitally deprived of a sense exhibit considerable plasticity and can be recruited to process information from other modalities that remain intact.To better illustrate this consider the study of Almeida et al.; In the brains of congenitally deaf individuals (but not in the brains of hearing participants), certain parameters of visual stimuli were represented in the auditory cortex. That is, the lack of auditory stimulation caused the respective processing area to be functionally “swallowed up” by the consistently activated visual processing areas [14].It truly is a “use it or lose it” brain.g. Memory works like a video recorder.The mind can literally “replay” and “fast forward” experiences you had during the day, while you are sleeping. In particular, animal experiments have shown that, during periods of deep sleep, brain areas involved in the encoding and retrieval of recent experiences can show similar patterns of activation (firing of the same neurons in the same sequence) to those observed during active behavior, a process called “coordinated replay”. This reactivation occurs at a much faster time scale than the actual experience, so in a sense it is a “fast forward” representation of the original event, and it is believed to be the neural correlate of storing experiences into memory [15]. Remember the good old “sleeping is good for your memory”?An even cooler finding, is that induced, artificial replay during sleep can implant false memories into the brains of mice. Using electrodes to directly stimulate activity in the medial forebrain bundle (a component of the reward circuitry) paired with stimulation of certain “place cells” of the hippocampus (which are normally activated when an animal explores or navigates within an environment) neuroscientists made mice believe they had a pleasant, rewarding experience at a special location, when in reality this had never happened [16]h. More precisely: Memory works as a defective/creative video recorder.Our brains do not exactly “record” events we experience, but in reality they store rather inaccurate and malleable versions of past episodes. Memory is highly prone to a large array of distorting influences, including emotion, motivation, cues, suggestion, context and frequency of use [17]. Under certain conditions, even imagining events that never took place may create false memories of those events [18].i. Our visual system cannot perceive the present.Sensory receptors in our eyes receive physical stimuli in the form of light. These stimuli are then converted into electrical signals and sent to the brain, which interprets the signals as images. This process takes around 100 ms [19], meaning that due to that delay we would only be able to perceive snapshots of the recent past.However, according to modern science our brain seems to be “aware” of its inherent limitation and trying to compensate for it! It has been hypothesized that our visual system predicts how the world most probably looks like at the time the visual stimulus is delivered to the brain, and generates a percept of its own prediction, rather than an image of the recent past [20]. This “latency correction” is proposed to underlie some classical visual illusions [21], like the Flash-lag effect, in which a flash shown in alignment with a moving object is perceived to lag the moving object.Check out this flash-lag illusion video: Flash-lag Effect: Visual Illusion 3Dj. The brain located in your skull is not your only one (don’t smirk…).There is a second brain located in your intestines amounting to an impressive total of ~200-600 million neurons (as many as in the spinal cord), called the “enteric nervous system” (ENS) [22].It works in concert with the brain to control digestive function. However, it does not require the brain to function, but it can stand as an integrative neural system alone (making our intestine the only bodily organ that can circumvent the authority of the brain). When the vagus nerve is severed, ENS is capable of organizing and initiating its own reflexes for digestion [23], which is why people who have suffered complete spinal cord injury are still able to defecate, even though voluntary control over this activity is lost.An even more interesting fact, is that the gut sends neuroendocrine signals to the brain, where they are converted into emotions, like hunger or satiety, nausea, discomfort, and fatique [24]. And even if it goes against your gut feelings, the ENS produces ~90% of all serotonin (which we could simplistically describe as the “happiness neurotransmitter”) in the body [25], along with around 30 other types of neurotransmitters [26], and even expresses opiate receptors [27].1. Woolf, C., et. al. (2007) Nociceptors—Noxious Stimulus Detectors. Neuron, Volume 55, Issue 3, Pages 353-3642. Watch What It's Like to Be Awake During Brain Surgery3. Trivedi B.P (2012), Hardwired for taste, Nature Neuroscience; 486, S7–S9: doi:10.1038/486S7a4. Y. Oomura, T. Ono, H. Ooyama &M.J. Wayner (1969), Glucose and osmosensitive neurones of the rat hypothalamus, Nature; 222: 282–284.5. Singh N., Vrontakis M., Parkinson F. & Chelikani P. (2011), Functional bitter taste receptors are expressed in brain cells, Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications; 406: 146-151.6. Kaushik S, Rodriguez-Navarro J.A. , Arias E.,et al. (2011), Autophagy in Hypothalamic AgRP Neurons Regulates Food Intake and Energy Balance. Cell Metabolism; 14(2), 173-183, doi: 10.1016/j.cmet.2011.06.0087. Webster J.P (2001). Rats, cats, people and parasites: the impact of latent toxoplasmosis on behaviour. Microbes Infect.;3:1037–1045.8. Beverley J.K.A. Toxoplasmosis in animals. Vet. Rec. 1976;99:123–1279. Berdoy M, Webster J.P, Macdonald D.W. (2000), Fatal attraction in rats infected with Toxoplasma gondii. Proc. R. Soc. B.;267:1591–1594.10. Flegr J. (2007), Effects of Toxoplasma on Human Behavior, Schizophr Bull; 33(3): 757–760.11. Kocazeybek B., Oner Y.A., Turksoy R., et al. (2009), Higher prevalence of toxoplasmosis in victims of traffic accidents suggest increased risk of traffic accident in Toxoplasma-infected inhabitants of Istanbul and its suburbs., Forensic Sci Int.;187(1-3):103-108.12. Feuillet L., Dufour H. & Pelletier J., (2007), Brain of a white-collar worker, The Lancet, 370 (9583): 262.13. Lew S.M. (2014), Hemispherectomy in the treatment of seizures: a review, Transl Pediatr; 3(3): 208–217..14. Almeida J., He D., Chen Q., et al. (2015), Decoding Visual Location From Neural Patterns in the Auditory Cortex of the Congenitally Deaf, Psychol Sci.; 26(11): 1771–1782.15. Van Dongen E.V., Takashima A. et al. (2012), Memory stabilization with targeted reactivation during human slow-wave sleep, PNAS; 109 (26): 10575–10580.16. de Lavilléon, G., Lacroix M.M. Rondi-Reig L. & Benchenane K., (2015). Explicit memory creation during sleep demonstrates a causal role of place cells in navigation., Nat. Neurosci., 18(4):493-495.17. Schacter D. L. (2012)., Constructive memory: past and future., Dialogues Clin. Neurosci. 14: 7–1818. Hyman IE. & Jr. Pentland J. (1996), The role of mental imagery in the creation of false childhood memories., J Mem Lang.;35:101–117.19. Liu, H., Agam, Y., Madsen, J. R., & Kreiman, G. (2009). Timing, timing, timing: Fast decoding of object information from intracranial field potentials in human visual cortex. Neuron; 62(2): 281–290.20. Changizi M.A., (2001), 'Perceiving the present' as a framework for ecological explanations of the misperception of projected angle and angular size., Perception; 30(2):195-208.21. Changizi M.A. & Widders D.M, (2002), Latency Correction Explains the Classical Geometrical Illusions, Perception; 31(10): 1241-1262.22. Furenss J.B., Callaghan B.P., Rivera L.R. & Cho H.J., The enteric nervous system and gastrointestinal innervation: integrated local and central control., Adv Exp Med Biol.;817:39-71.23. Ying L. & Chung O. (2003). "Musings on the Wanderer: What's New in Our Understanding of Vago-Vagal Reflexes? V. Remodeling of vagus and enteric neural circuitry after vagal injury". American Journal of Physiology. Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology. 285 (3): 461-469.24. Mayer, E. A. (2011)., Gut feelings: the emerging biology of gut–brain communication. Nature Reviews. Neuroscience, 12(8), 10.1038/nrn3071. http://doi.org/10.1038/nrn307125. Jenkins, T. A., Nguyen, J. C. D., Polglaze, K. E., & Bertrand, P. P. (2016). Influence of Tryptophan and Serotonin on Mood and Cognition with a Possible Role of the Gut-Brain Axis. Nutrients; 8(1), 56. Influence of Tryptophan and Serotonin on Mood and Cognition with a Possible Role of the Gut-Brain Axis26. McConalogu K. & Furness J.B. (1994), Gastrointestinal neurotransmitters, Baillieres Clin Endocrinol Metab.;8(1):51-76.27. Holzer P. (2004), Opioids and opioid receptors in the enteric nervous system: from a problem in opioid analgesia to a possible new prokinetic therapy in humans., Neurosci Lett.; 361(1-3):192-195.

Before I go any further into the question, I’m simply going to say this….You actually WANT that iron to spread into your food. Having iron in your body for the most part is almost universally considered to be a good thing.People with anemia (iron deficiency) often purposely cook with iron skillets in order to get that iron boost in their diet. This is especially beneficial also for vegans and vegetarians, who tend to also get anemic if they don’t plan their diet well.(from examine[1][1][1][1] )Now there are certain exceptions though.There are people who are naturally given to high iron intakes, and can actually get an iron overdose. That’s a risk factor in Alzheimer's and Colon cancer. Also, a lot of the foods that we eat in everyday life can often be iron-fortified, not to mention multi-vitamin pills. So it’s possible to push that iron count too high simply by accident.BUT there’s 2 great fixes (well 2.5 ways) for that as well if you’re one of those who happen to have iron-rich blood. One of them is a simple daily joy of life, which has its own benefits…..(from TimHortons)Coffee actually INHIBITS iron absorption. My wife is anemic, and she’s been banned from drinking coffee for months now. For me, it’s a blessing since with the amount of beef I eat each month… plus that she drinks that horrible Folger’s stuff…. it’s a god-send.And as for the other 1 and a 1/2 ways…..(from UCI Health)Giving blood actually flushes out that excess iron and drops that level down. In fact, most blood donation groups prefer that you have a high iron count in your blood since you would be less likely to feel faint, feel ill or worse. And most importantly of all, you’re doing a great thing for the community, get a few bucks (if you’re American), and….(from Don’t Get Bored in Calgary[2][2][2][2] )…. you get a snack right after. Not bad for doing the right thing.Oh, and for the other 0.5 way of getting the iron count down. The reason why it’s 0.5 and not a full way, it’s because it’s another way of blood donation.(from the Daily Mail[3][3][3][3] )Enough said.EDIT: I’ve since been informed that Americans are no longer paid for purely blood donations, especially as it was found that there was a rise in hepatitis in paid donors. However, the sale of blood PLASMA of $25–50 does occur, which also has to be done through a similar method as blood donation, up to twice a seven day period. So really, you still can get paid to donate and earn up to $300–400 a month, BUT that won’t do much to get rid of the excess iron.Footnotes[1] Are cast iron pans unsafe?[1] Are cast iron pans unsafe?[1] Are cast iron pans unsafe?[1] Are cast iron pans unsafe?[2] B+ About Donating Blood[2] B+ About Donating Blood[2] B+ About Donating Blood[2] B+ About Donating Blood[3] Scientists calculate how a vampire would take to drink a human's blood[3] Scientists calculate how a vampire would take to drink a human's blood[3] Scientists calculate how a vampire would take to drink a human's blood[3] Scientists calculate how a vampire would take to drink a human's blood