Zambia National Tender Board: Fill & Download for Free

MALCO is a small cog in the giant wheel that is Vedanta Resources, a company set up by British billionaire businessman Anil Agarwal.Born in eastern India, he started out as a scrap metal merchant in Mumbai, before moving to London 30 years ago. Agarwal's fortunes soared as the small Indian company he set up in 1988 rode the telecom boom supplying copper cables to telecom companies in India.A tribal temple on Shervaroyan Peak in the hills of Yercaud in Southern India recently developed several large cracks. Built several centuries ago, the temple has withstood colonization and independence. But of late, a new mine threatens to destroy this historic site. Vedanta, a fast-growing British company, owns a subsidiary -Madras Aluminium Company Limited (MALCO) - that has been strip mining this and nearby peaks for bauxite, the ore that yields aluminium used in products from throwaway soda cans to aircraft bodies.MALCO's operations in the southern Indian state of Tamilnadu span more than 60 kilometres- from the mist-clad Yercaud and Kolli hills to the impressive earthen dam and reservoir on the Kaveri River in Mettur. On the banks of the huge reservoir, MALCO operates a smelter and a refinery complex where locally mined bauxite is converted into aluminium. A mountain of toxic red mud - a by-product of aluminum production - is separated from the reservoir by a flimsy embankment.Vedanta is a vertically- integrated behemoth with an impressive international portfolio comprising copper, bauxite (aluminium), zinc, lead and gold. It has raised almost $1 billion on the London Stock Exchange and has started to snap up mines in Zambia and Australia.In India, which remains its production base, the company runs a giant copper smelter in the coastal town of Tuticorin in the southern state of TamilNadu. Where in less than 8 years since 1997 to Sep 2004, 139 people have been injured and 13 killed by accidents or pollution from the Tuticorin smelter complex. Complaints about the company began mounting in the mid-1990s, when protesters in Ratnagiri in the western state of Maharashtra cited environmental concerns to block Sterlite from building a smelter and to force the state to revoke the company's license. Shortly after, a Tamilnadu government invitation to Sterlite to build a plant in Tuticorin sparked massive protests by residents -- particularly fisherfolk. But the TamilNadu project had the blessing of Chief Minister J. Jayalalithaa, who laid the foundation stone for the complex.Less than four months after applying to build the smelter, Tamilnadu Pollution Control Board (TNPCB) granted conditional licenses to construct a 140,000 ton-a-year copper smelter and associated plants. That license stipulated that the unit be at least 25 kilometres from the Gulf of Mannar Marine National Park in order to protect the region's ecology- its famed coral islands and exotic species such as dugongs, sea turtles, and pearl oysters -- from sulphur dioxide, arsenic and lead emissions.In 1995, ignoring the TNPCB's instructions, Sterlite erected the smelter complex- including a mothballed smelter scavenged from the U.S.- 16 kilometres from one of the protected islands. Rather than act on the violation, the pollution board granted the company an operating license to manufacture up to 40,000 tons of blister copper.In 1996, local resistance came to a head when fisherfolk used an armada of small boats to prevent ships carrying Sterlite's raw material -copper concentrate - from entering the Tuticorin harbour. But resistance waned after the government conceded to one of the protesters' demands: to prohibit disposing the effluents at sea.Within two years a spate of accidents and gas leaks from the factory spurred the Madras High Court to commission a report on pollution by Sterlite. NEERI - a national environmental engineering laboratory - faulted the company for discharging dangerous levels of pollution into the environment and recommended the company's closure. Barely three months later, the same court reversed itself, cleared Sterlite, and recommended its reopening. Then, weeks after the facility re-opened, nine employees of a neighbouring radio station who were hospitalized, blamed a gas leak at the factory.In 2003, Chidambaram defended Vedanta subsidiary Sterlite in a tax evasion case. In 2002, a year before UK's Financial Services Authority allowed Sterlite to reconstitute itself as Vedanta Resources Plc, the Enforcement Directorate (ED) served a show-cause notice on three of Chairman Anil Agarwal's family.The notice was a demand that Sterlite directors answer allegations about using their holding companies-Volcan and Twinstar-to avoid paying taxes on forex transactions. It was a polite way of saying there was prima facie evidence, dating back to 1993, that the Agarwals were guilty of money laundering. For seven years the case dragged on in courts as Sterlite employed top lawyers to use every possible delaying tactic. P. Chidambaram argued in Sterlite's defence in a 2003 Bombay High Court case related to the ED's allegations.The following year, Chidambaram found himself appointed non-executive director on the board of Vedanta Resources Plc.And very soon, he became finance minister in CPIM supported UPA 1.Chidambaram's involvement with Anil Agarwal's companies is well documented. As required, he resigned from the board of the London-based Vedanta Resources on the eve of his appointment as finance minister in the UPA 1 government in May 2004. In a notice to the London Stock Exchange on May 24, 2004, Vedanta Resources intimated board changes by announcing that in the light of Chidambaram becoming India's finance minister, he has tendered his resignation from the board. On the occasion, Brian Gilbertson, chairman of Vedanta, commented, "It was a privilege to have the benefit of his knowledge and experience, particularly during our listing on the London Stock Exchange."The controversies have apparently not affected the company's bottom line. The man behind Vedanta/Sterlite, Anil Agarwal, reported that attributable profits for year ending in March 2005 were up 66 percent to $120 million."This has been an exceptional period for metal prices driven by strong demand from China," as well as for "increased foreign investment and the potential [for India] to become a major regional manufacturing hub," he said in Vedanta's annual report. Agarwal acknowledged that the company had benefitted from the political climate. The Congress Party, elected in May 2004, "has maintained a policy of growth and liberalization" favorable to his company, he reported. That growth is in no small part a consequence of Agarwal's ability to work the system. India's commerce minister P. Chidambaram was on the Vedanta board until his party assumed power in New Delhi.By September 2004, when a Monitoring Committee (SCMC) empowered by the Supreme Court visited Sterlite, the plant was churning out four time the allowed levels of pollutants, according to the Vedanta's Annual Report 2004. Surprisingly very next day Manmohon Singh Government gave post-facto clearance already constructed plants-despite the fact Sterlite had never pollution board's consent to built !!On February 28, 2007, then finance minister P. Chidambaram imposed an export duty on iron ore in the Union Budget. On April 23, 2007, Anil Agarwal-owned Vedanta Resources bought 51 per cent stake in Sesa Goa, India's top producer and exporter of iron ore, for $981 million or Rs 4,070 crore. At the same time, Japanese firm Mitsui Finsider International Ltd, which had majority control of Sesa Goa, mandated Morgan Stanley to find a buyer for its 51 per cent holding in Sesa Goa. The Japanese firm was selling this stake as part of a global strategy to exit the mining business. The successful bidder would also have to make an open offer to Sesa Goa shareholders, to buy a further 20 per cent. Sesa Goa's valuations sank after the finance minister levied the duty on iron ore exports. The immediate concerns were that Sesa Goa's profitability would be affected by the tax on iron ore exports, the company's lifeblood. The stock declined sharply from Rs 1,928.70 on February 20, 2007 to Rs 1,611.10 by March 7, soon after the budget announcement, a drop of over 20 per cent. This may have prompted the six bidders, including Lakshmi Niwas Mittal-owned ArcelorMittal, to lower their bids, which Mitsui agreed to. The winner was Vedanta, with a bid of Rs 2,036 per share, a lower valuation arrived at on the basis of a six-month weighted average price, given that valuations had tanked in the aftermath of the budget decision.oN May 3, while passing the finance bill, Chidambaram, in a volte-face, slashed the export duty on iron ore to Rs 50 from Rs 300. There was a hue and cry in the steel industry because it was felt that the partial rollback of export duty on iron ore fines would hit domestic steel utilities and affect expansion plans, even as ore exporters sought full withdrawal of the levy. The steel industry had been demanding that export duty be doubled to discourage export of iron ore. The state chief minister and the Goa Mineral Ore Exporters' Association (GMOEA) wrote to the Prime Minister and finance minister on the hike in export duty in March 2007, which is indicative of the widespread dissatisfaction of iron ore exporters with the new duty.When Chidambaram reduced the export duty on iron ore fines to Rs 50 per tonne from Rs 300, he did so only on ore with less than 62 per cent iron content. The duty on ore with over 62 per cent iron content remained unchanged at Rs 300 per tonne. The direct beneficiary was Vedanta's Sesa Goa since it exported iron ore with less than 62 per cent iron content. In fact, in 2007 alone, the cut in duty from Rs 300 to Rs 50 fetched it Rs 232.5 crore (9.3 million tonnes of iron ore exported multiplied by a duty differential of Rs 250 per tonne) in terms of savings on levy.Meanwhile Sterlite was imposed a fine of Rs 1bn ($18.4m) for polluting enviroment in Tuticorin TamilNadu in march-end 2013 by SC and ordered to the Madras HC to shut down. Which take part TNPCB but Anil Agarwal with Congress power house and continued Tuticorin TamilNadu.In 2012 Vedanta group chairman Anil Agarwal had written to then PM Manmohan Singh on stake sale of govt's holding in Balco 49% & Hindustan Zinc 29.5%. Then FM Chidambaram's reply was -ministry of finance will offer soon. The UPA 2 govt is unlikely ready to complete sale of stakes in Hindustan Zinc and Balco to Vedanta Group in the fiscal year 2013-14, PC says the process of selling the govt’s stake in Axis Bank Ltd was underway likely to be completed before end-March. VedantaGroup was under investigation for paying bribes to Madhu Koda to facilitate mining rights in Jharkhand by SFIO still, then HM Chidambaram how gave security clearance for Tuticorin Tamilnadu !!

‘Will ever’ could mean next month, next year or next century, it also could imply never.If we are talking about somewhere in the near future, in the next 10 or 20 years, the short answer is very unlikely, even 5o years is unlikely, and if I could boil this problem and its solution down to one word it would be ‘corruption’. almost all the governments in Africa are corrupt with insanely corrupt dictatorial individuals running them. These individuals and their families and cronies are looting, bilking and robbing their country’s wealth and resources, the list is too long to go through here.As long as these profound levels of corruption go on and their laws remain useless and ineffective, Africa will always be Africa, and it is a shame, since Africa is so rich with natural resources. This is not to say in any way that other countries do not have corruption, for sure they do including our own US of A, but we have laws that will punish the individual, or at least we try.One example is this:Corruption in South AfricaFrom Wikipedia, the free encyclopediaCorruption in South Africa includes the private use of public resources, bribery and improper favouritism.[1]The 2012 Transparency International Corruption Perceptions Index assigned South Africa an index of 4.3, ranking South Africa 69th out of 176 countries (tied with Brazil and Macedonia).[2]( access to parliament 2004)South Africa has a robust anti-corruption framework, but laws are inadequately enforced.[3]Two forms of corruption are particularly prevalent in South Africa; tenderpreneurism and BEE fronting.Contents1 Tenderpreneurism2 BEE Fronting3 Anti-corruption initiatives4 Notable incidents of fraud and corruption5 References6 External linksTenderpreneurismMain article: TenderpreneurA tenderpreneur is an individual who enriches themselves through corrupting the awarding of government tender contracts, mostly based on personal connections and corrupt relationships - although outright bribery might also take place - and sometimes involving an elected or politically appointed official (or his or her family members) holding simultaneous business interests.[4]This is often accompanied by overcharging and shoddy workmanship.BEE FrontingBEE-fronting is an abuse of the rules governing Black Economic Empowerment (BEE), where qualifying persons are given a seat on the Board of Directors of a company while having no decision-making power in the company, in order to qualify the company for government contracts in terms of BEE.Related to this is Cadre deployment and employment, which is an official ANC policy.[5]Anti-corruption initiativesGovernment initiatives against corruption are coordinated by the Department of Public Service and Administration.[6]The Public Protector also plays a role in fighting corruption.A disbanded independent unit Scorpions (South Africa) was replaced by the Hawks (South Africa) which is subordinate to the police's " The Directorate for Priority Crime Investigation ".This article is a report on a survey by John Allen published in AllAfrica:Africa: Governments Failing in Corruption FightThis article is a report on a survey by John Allen published in AllAfrica:The newest report from the survey conducted between 2011 and 2013 was published in Dakar on Wednesday.It says that 56 percent of the 51,000 people surveyed believe their governments are doing "fairly badly" or "very badly" in the fight against corruption. Only 35 percent say their governments are doing "fairly well" or "very well".Nigerians and Egyptians are the most dissatisfied - 82 percent in each country feel their governments are doing badly - followed by Zimbabweans (81 percent), Ugandans and Sudanese (76 percent), Kenyans (70 percent), Malians (69 percent), Tunisians (67 percent), Togolese, Tanzanians and South Africans (66 percent).More than half of Liberians (63 percent) and Ghanaians (54 percent) also rated their governments' performances poorly. In Sierra Leone, less than half (44 percent) say their government is doing badly - although the survey also shows that Sierra Leoneans are top of the list in the proportion of citizens who say they have had to pay a bribe in the past year.Malawians and the Basotho are the least dissatisfied with their governments over corruption, with 28 percent of people rating their governments poorly. In Botswana the figure is 29 percent, in Senegal 32 percent and in Niger 39 percent.The report says that in the 16 countries surveyed since 2002, those who rate their governments' performances poorly rose from 46 percent to 54 percent of respondents. Perceptions of government performance worsened in 11 of the 16, with Kenya, Zimbabwe, Ghana and Tanzania doing worst.In Kenya, only 11 percent of people said in 2003 the government was failing, but the figure rose to 70 percent in 2011. Afrobarometer attributed the 2003 figure to "public euphoria" after the 2002 election, in which an incumbent government was removed for the first time.In Zimbabwe, negative ratings went up by 43 percentage points - from 38 percent in 2002 to 81 percent in 2012 - and in Ghana by 31 points and Tanzania 25 points.The most notable improvement was in Malawi, where those who gave their government negative ratings dropped by 40 percentage points (from 68 percent ratings to 28 percent). There were also improvements in perceptions in Lesotho (18 points), Botswana (11 points) and Senegal (10 points).Other findings in the report:"Police attract the highest ratings of corruption across the 34 countries, with 43 percent of people saying that "most" or "all" of them are involved in corruption. Negative perceptions are highest in Nigeria (78 percent), Kenya (69 percent) and Sierra Leone (69 percent). ""Almost one in five people (18 percent) who had gone without enough food to eat one or more times in the past year had paid a bribe to a government official in the past year to obtain medical treatment, compared with just 12 percent among those who never went without food. ""Almost half the people (46 percent) who go without enough food to eat one or more times a year rate "most" or "all" of police to be corrupt, compared to 39 percent among those who never go without food. And 31 percent of the poorest perceive judges and magistrates to be corrupt, compared to 24 percent among better off citizens. "In its conclusions, the report says although the fight against corruption "has had a very high profile in the last decade... Afrobarometer data shows that these efforts have not been sufficient to curb corruption levels."Moreover, the poor's experience with corruption in their day to day interactions with public servants may contribute to increasing social inequality and exacerbating the differences between the rich and the poor..."High levels of corruption are also associated with dysfunctional democracies; those who perceive high levels of corruption in their national institutions, and those who experience it personally in their daily lives, are more likely to report being dissatisfied with the way democracy works in their country. "The 34 countries surveyed were Algeria, Benin, Botswana, Burkina Faso, Burundi, Cameroon, Cape Verde, Cote d'Ivoire, Egypt, Ghana, Guinea, Kenya, Lesotho, Liberia, Madagascar, Malawi, Mali, Mauritius, Morocco, Mozambique, Namibia, Niger, Nigeria, Senegal, Sierra Leone, South Africa, Sudan, Swaziland, Tanzania, Togo, Tunisia, Uganda, Zambia and Zimbabwe.