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Because it's complicated! I'm gonna share three stories about four individuals who were homeless that my family had personally tried to help.#1) In October of 1982, my first husband and I lived near Edward Air Force base in California with our infant daughter. Our washing machine broke in the middle of washing diapers so we went to the laundromat. It was after 11pm and the laundromat was hot and humid so we say on the bench outside. While we were sitting there, two young teen girls came over and asked if we had a lighter. I asked why they wanted a lighter and why they were out so late on a school night. They started to walk away but our daughter started babbling and that was all it took for them to stop and sit down with us. While they were cooing at the baby, we learned that Angel and Maria were 13 years old, lived in foster care because their parents were either in jail or had never been around, and that the foster parents had beaten them with an extension cord for not loading the dishwasher properly so they ran away. We were a bit sceptical of their story but we didn't want to make a snap judgement that may have but them in danger. Maria realised that we weren't totally buying the story so she started to raise her shirt to show is the marks on her back and sides. I decided to take her into the bathroom so she wouldn't be exposing herself to anyone who might pass by. Sure enough, Maria had angry, red welts from her shoulders to her knees. They were so bad, I couldn't believe that she was able to sit on the bench. Maria said, she was use to it and that Angel had it even worse. I told the girls that I was calling the police so they could make a report and be put in another foster home where they'd be safe. Angel was terrified and said that the police already knew how the foster parents treated them but they didn't care because the dad was a police detective. I still insisted that calling the police was the best option. The girls said goodbye and started walking away. I knew that by the time the police got there the girls would be long gone so I said we wouldn't call the police and instead would take them to our house for the night and then I'd take them to school so they could tell the school counselors and get help that way. They agreed as long as I promised to stay with them until after they talked with the counselors. I had decided I was going to stay with them until I knew they were safe so I had no problem agreeing with them. The next morning I took the girls to school a little late because I thought it would be easier for them if there weren't a bunch of kids in the halls to ask questions. I explained why I was there with the girls and asked to see the counselor. It took almost a half hour before the counselor was able to see is and the school secretary wanted the girls to go to class until after I talked to the counselor but I was adamant that they stay with me. It may have been better for the girls to have gone to class! We finally were called into the counselor's office and to our horror the foster parents were standing there, foster dad with his hands on his hips making sure that I saw his badge and gun. Before I could say a word, foster mom had taken the girls by the arm, and marched them out of the school. The detective foster dad arrested me for kidnapping and contributing to the delinquency of minors! I wasn't allowed to say anything until I was at the police station being booked. Several months and thousands of dollars later, all charges were dropped and the foster parents were finally being investigated for child abuse and fraud. All the time I was trying to stay out of prison and clear my name, all I heard about Maria and Angel was that they were on the prosecution witness list. I was so worried about them. Less than a year after the charges were dropped, my attorney called to tell me that he had found the girls and it wasn't good. They had run away, ended up in juvenile detention for a few months, were sent back to the foster care system and different homes, ran away again and then it got bad. They ended up in homeless in downtown L.A. “working" as prostitutes for some pimp and when Angel got pregnant he took her to an illegal clinic for an abortion. After the abortion, he beat her as a “warning to his other ladies" to make sure they took precautions. Angel died several days later. About a week later, Maria was in the ICU from a drug overdose. Angel and Maria had no family to take them in and the system that was suppose to take care of them just chewed them up and spit them out!#2) My brother, a Vietnam era vet, had a good job, started was living with our Mom to help her out after her hip replacement and ended up staying for years. In 2006, our sister and her three kids moved in with Mom because their house burned down and they had no place to go. My brother and sister didn't get along at all but as long as Mom was alive, they worked it out. Mom passed away in January 2009 and that's when everything went south for my brother. Within 6 months, he found out his fiancee was seeing other people, lost his and was in a car accident that totalled his car. He became completely despondent and tried to commit suicide. While he was in the hospital, my sister packed his belongings, put them in storage, got a personal protection order preventing him from going back home and told me that if I took him in after he got out of the VS psych ward she wouldn't have anything to do with me or my family. I informed her that my husband and I had already decided that he could stay with our family and that if she thought she thought her threats bothered me she needed a proctologist to help get her head out of her ass. Fast forward two years, my brother was having trouble finding a job and was getting really depressed. I tried to get him to go back to therapy but he made excuse after excuse for not going. The day we were going on four day mini vacation, he said he had a job interview so he couldn't go. We were a little upset that he waited until the last minute to tell us but excited that he may have found a job. He had lied. He wanted a few days to get his affairs in order before he tried to commit suicide again. His plan had been to call his two adult kids, then go into the woods the day before we were due home, take all of his medications with a fifth of whiskey and when he started to feel buzzed, he would shoot himself in the head with my shotgun. He wasn't able to get a hold of his son and he wanted to make sure that both of his kids knew he loved them so he waited. His son called about 3pm the day we were due home and they talked for a long time. His car was gone when we got home after 11pm so we thought he had gotten the job and was celebrating with his friends so went to bed. No sooner did I get to sleep then the phone rang. It was my brother's daughter. She was hysterical because my brother had “butt dialed” his son and all they could hear was their Dad praying and saying he was sorry for the mess the shotgun was going to make but he had to make sure that he died this time. As I was listening to my niece, I woke my husband and told him to call 911 and wake the girls. Fortunately, the sheriff's deputy was just down the road because someone had called about a car that was blocking part of their driveway. It was my brother's car. It took us less than 5 minutes after the deputy go there, to find my brother in the woods behind our house. Thankfully he was too drunk and drugged to be able to hold the shotgun but now we had a different problem. We had two of our own kids who still lived at home. They didn't need to wonder if or when their uncle would try to kill himself again and if he did if they'd be the one to find him, especially when we were doing everything in our power to keep one of our kids alive! Our 21 year old was going through treatment for bone cancer and none of us needed to worry about my brother! We told him that when he was released from the hospital, he wouldn't be allowed to live with us. I worked with him and his treatment team to help him an apartment but when the time came for his release, he refused to move into the apartment and decided to live in his car. He was homeless by choice. Family did take him in but his actions made his living with family untenable. When my daughter passed away on Halloween 2011, my brother asked if he could move back in with us. The answer was NO!! We had just buried one child and we had an 11 year old who had already been through a whole lot. It's been six years, my brother is no longer homeless and we have a great relationship.#3) A few days before Thanksgiving 2015, I was at one of the local high schools to deliver gift cards for the students who the school had determined be have trouble getting enough food during school holidays. There were 17 students that fit their criteria. If the 17, there were 8 who were deemed homeless. For public schools purposes, homelessness is defined as not living with their parents, grandparents, older siblings or legal guardian. They may be “couch surfing" or living in their car. Most of the homeless students have gone to the same school with the same friends and for various reasons are unable to live at home. This is the story of one of these students, 17 year old “Rachael” , who came into the office while I was delivering the gift cards. Rachael had seen me around the school working with the “homeless" and literacy programs and asked if I could help her. The liaison wasn't sure if that was allowable. It was decided that I could take Rachael to lunch and then she could tell me whatever she wanted. I knew Rachael wasn't one of the kids in the program because she helped with the literacy program and she had talked with the other kids about her parents and the plans for family vacations. When we were eating, Rachael talked about her parents, 9 siblings, and her religious faith. She’s the 4th child but the oldest daughter in a strict evangelical Christian lay pastor. She's a straight A student who leads the elementary girls youth group and bible study and is planning on going to a Christian college to become a teacher after graduation in May. I wasn't sure how she thought I could help but I figured she'd get to it when she was ready and I was enjoying listening to her life plans. Eventually, she told me that her father had kicked her out the night before because he found out that she had been kissed by her boyfriend. She stayed with their neighbor last night but they said she couldn't stay anymore because they didn't want trouble. The only other people Rachael knew were all members of her dad's church and she said she couldn't stay with any of them because the church would shun them. Now, I knew how to help. I needed to find a local family that she could stay with for at a few weeks. It would be best if they lived in the school district but as long as they could get her to and from school it could work. We went back to the school, she went to class and I went to talk to the guidance counselor. The guidance counselor and I talked about the situation, and came up with a game plan. First thing we needed to do was call the state oil because in Michigan a 17 year old can legally leave their parents home and the parents are still legally responsible for the kid. Parents can't legally throw their kids out until they are at least 18. The counselor called the state police to report Rachael's father for kicking her out and to let the police know that the school was working on keeping her safe and off the streets. Rachael's father had already called the police and accused her of stealing money from the church and running away with her boyfriend so anyone who took her in could be charged with aiding and abetting. They were already on the way to talk with Rachael and asked that she be in the office when the officers got there. What the Hell? The counselor had someone go get her out of class so we could talk. Neither of us believed that Rachael had stolen anything and we couldn't understand why her father had lied about what happened. He knew that he was insuring that Rachael would be on the street and it was the beginning of winter. What kind of parent would do that? The officers talked with Rachael then took her to the station to book her even though they didn't believe her father. They said they were going to talk with the prosecutor and the probate judge to see what if anything we could do. The officers promised they would keep us in the loop as much as possible. Rachael was so confused, hurt and angry but she knew that she had four people who were on her side and would do whatever they could to help. The prosecutor and judge said they wouldn't charge anyone for letting her stay with them but they suggested that she not stay at any place more than a few days so her father couldn't make problems for anyone else. It took a few weeks to get the legal issues straightened out but by then we had found a family for her to stay with until she went to college. Rachael's father tried to make problems for me but he found that I was one woman who he couldn't intimidate and had a tendency to fight back. I'm happy to say that Rachael graduated as valedictorian and will graduate from college next year. She has a good job, a car and her own apartment. I talked to her about once a week and she stays with us whenever she comes up north.Three stories about four people who for various reasons ended up homeless and for various complicated reasons couldn't just go stay with family. Homelessness is an extremely complex and complicated problem so there's not going to be one simple or easy answer.

Mike Pence is the most far-right pick Donald Trump could have made.The Koch brothers must be very happy with his pick. If you are unfamiliar with the Koch brothers, please read Dark Money by Jane Mayer. Citizen’s United turned this country over to about twenty billionaires. Democracy is dead. The sooner people accept this fact, the sooner we can take it back from them.Mike Pence is one of the Koch brothers’ favorite elected leaders. Support from the Koch brothers and conservative donors are a major component in a presidential run, so having the major money people’s favorite guy at your side if you’re new to politics is certainly helpful for campaign cash. Americans for Prosperity has been holding up Mike Pence’s work in Indiana as a paragon of a good governor. Pence’s former chief of staff now runs the Koch’s political group Freedom Partners. Given the fact that the Koch’s have pledged to spend $1 billion in the 2016 election to support conservative candidates, his ties could be an asset to Trump as he realizes his own financial limitations.Here are 5 disturbing things you should know about Trump’s likely VP pick Mike PenceThis where Mike Pence stands on various issues. Ask yourself if you agree with him. If not, cast your vote for the Supreme Court. Imagine the United States with Mike Pence at the helm if Trump should die.This is a long list. There are a few things on which I agree with him.Mike Pence on AbortionCommit to unalienable right to life, including the unborn.Arguing about abortion is as fruitless as arguing about whether or not God exists. I’m for women having the first right of refusal when it comes to their bodies. You don’t want one, don’t have one.You have no right to make that choice for me.Mike Pence on Budget & EconomyVoted NO on regulating the subprime mortgage industry.I have nothing else to say about his position on the budget except that we disagree.Mike Pence on Civil RightsVoted YES on Constitutionally defining marriage as one-man-one-woman.I have nothing else to say about his position on civil rights except that we disagree.Mike Pence on CorporationsVoted NO on allowing stockholder voting on executive compensation.I have nothing to say about his position regarding corporations. There are, however, a few things in this section on which I agree with him.Mike Pence on CrimeVoted NO on enforcing against anti-gay hate crimes.I have nothing else to say about his position on gay rights except that we disagree.Mike Pence on EducationVoted YES on allowing school prayer during the War on Terror.Constitutionally guarantee parent's right to educate kids.I have nothing else to say about his position on the education except that we disagree.Mike Pence on Energy & OilVoted YES on opening Outer Continental Shelf to oil drilling.Voted YES on barring EPA from regulating greenhouse gases.Voted NO on enforcing limits on CO2 global warming pollution.Voted NO on tax credits for renewable electricity, with PAYGO offsets.Voted NO on removing oil & gas exploration subsidies.I’m speechless about his position on Energy & Oil. There’s much more in this section. Read it carefully if you care about the environment.Mike Pence on EnvironmentStrengthen prohibitions against animal fighting.I agree with him.Voted NO on protecting free-roaming horses and burros.I guess horses and burros don’t count.Stop considering manure as pollutant or hazardous.Mike Pence on Families & ChildrenVoted NO on four weeks of paid parental leave for federal employees.We are among a chosen few of countries that doesn’t give paid parental leave to employees. There are only three. The other two countries are Papua New Guinea and Suriname.US Is Still Only Industrialized Nation Without Paid Maternity LeaveI have nothing else to say about his position on the education except that we disagree.Mike Pence on Foreign PolicyCommitment to unbreakable U.S.-Israel bondThis is an odd one. Why are so many right-wing Republicans in a love affair with Israel? Do they love the Jews so much? Do they see Israel as the only stabilizing force in the Middle East? Perhaps. Could it be something else?“Dispensationalists, Christians who believe that the end times are near, are thrilled to see what is going on today in Israel since the plan fits well into their own expectations for the End. Dispensationalists find comfort in knowing that under The Temple Institute's auspices, small groups of Israelis are sewing priestly vestments, manufacturing implements for animal sacrifice, and teaching a new generation of Temple priests what will be expected of them. It seems to matter little that the desire for a new Temple has the potential of precipitating holy war.”On the Road to ArmageddonA significant number of Christians believe that the end times, as set forth in the bible, are near. In order for all to go as planned, the temple in Jerusalem must be rebuilt.I’d rather have someone in the White House who doesn’t set foreign policy based on biblical prophecy.Mike Pence on Free TradeMike Pence voted yes on every single trade bill. He’s a capitalist who wants to engage in free trade with any country. I’m not sure how this position will work with Donald Trump. He wants Apple to bring all of its manufacturing back to the United States. Will consumers be happy about paying $6000 for an iPhone?Mike Pence on Government ReformCampaign Finance Reform is censorship.Voted YES on requiring photo ID for voting in federal elections.I have nothing to say regarding his position on Government Reform except that we disagree.Mike Pence on Gun ControlRated A by the NRA, indicating a pro-gun rights voting record.I wonder who pays his bills? Perhaps the Koch brothers and the NRA split them. I apologize for being sarcastic.Mike Pence on Health CareVoted NO on giving mental health full equity with physical health.I have nothing to say regarding his position on Health Care except that we disagree.Mike Pence on Homeland SecurityVoted YES on extending the PATRIOT Act's roving wiretapsVoted YES on continuing intelligence gathering without civil oversight.If you don’t believe that democracy is dead, perhaps we can meet at the graveside of the 14th Amendment.Mike Pence on ImmigrationVoted YES on building a fence along the Mexican border.I have nothing to say regarding his position on immigration except that a fence isn’t the answer. If we build a wall, someone will come along with a higher ladder.Mike Pence on JobsVoted NO on increasing minimum wage to $7.25.Why in the world would we want big corporations to pay their workers a living wage? I’m being sarcastic.Mike Pence on TechnologyReject the censorship of the Fairness Doctrine.“The Fairness Doctrine was a policy of the United States Federal Communications Commission (FCC), introduced in 1949, that required the holders of broadcast licenses both to present controversial issues of public importance and to do so in a manner that was—in the Commission's view—honest, equitable, and balanced.”Fairness DoctrineWe do have a television station that purports to be fair and balanced. It isn’t.I have nothing more to say on any of Mike Pence’s positions. Ask yourself if you support his philosophy. Ask yourself if this is the man you want only a heartbeat away from the presidency.Mike Pence on the IssuesClick here for 21 full quotes on Abortion OR background on Abortion.Commit to unalienable right to life, including the unborn. (Feb 2008)Voted YES on banning federal health coverage that includes abortion. (May 2011)Voted NO on expanding research to more embryonic stem cell lines. (Jan 2007)Voted NO on allowing human embryonic stem cell research. (May 2005)Voted YES on restricting interstate transport of minors to get abortions. (Apr 2005)Voted YES on making it a crime to harm a fetus during another crime. (Feb 2004)Voted YES on banning partial-birth abortion except to save mother’s life. (Oct 2003)Voted YES on forbidding human cloning for reproduction & medical research. (Feb 2003)Voted YES on funding for health providers who don't provide abortion info. (Sep 2002)Voted YES on banning Family Planning funding in US aid abroad. (May 2001)Voted YES on federal crime to harm fetus while committing other crimes. (Apr 2001)Rated 0% by NARAL, indicating a pro-life voting record. (Dec 2003)Rated 100% by the NRLC, indicating a pro-life stance. (Dec 2006)Prohibit transporting minors across state lines for abortion. (Jan 2008)Bar funding for abortion under federal Obamacare plans. (Jul 2010)Ban abortions for sex selection or race selection. (Dec 2011)Prohibit federal funding for abortion. (May 2011)Prohibiting forced abortions by UN Population Fund. (May 2011)Sponsored bill to prohibit fed funding of Planned Parenthood. (Jan 2011)Grant the pre-born equal protection under 14th Amendment. (Jan 2007)Declare preborn as persons under 14th amendment. (Feb 2009)Mike Pence on Budget & Economy Click here for 17 full quotes on Budget & Economy OR background on Budget & Economy.Voted YES on terminating the Home Affordable mortgage Program. (Mar 2011)Voted YES on $192B additional anti-recession stimulus spending. (Jul 2009)Voted NO on modifying bankruptcy rules to avoid mortgage foreclosures. (Mar 2009)Voted NO on additional $825 billion for economic recovery package. (Jan 2009)Voted NO on monitoring TARP funds to ensure more mortgage relief. (Jan 2009)Voted NO on $15B bailout for GM and Chrysler. (Dec 2008)Voted NO on $60B stimulus package for jobs, infrastructure, & energy. (Sep 2008)Voted NO on revitalizing severely distressed public housing. (Jan 2008)Voted NO on regulating the subprime mortgage industry. (Nov 2007)Voted YES on restricting bankruptcy rules. (Jan 2004)Mike Pence on Civil Rights Click here for 13 full quotes on Civil Rights OR background on Civil Rights.Future of conservatism demands traditional marriage. (Feb 2008)Voted NO on prohibiting job discrimination based on sexual orientation. (Nov 2007)Voted YES on Constitutionally defining marriage as one-man-one-woman. (Jul 2006)Voted YES on making the PATRIOT Act permanent. (Dec 2005)Voted YES on Constitutional Amendment banning same-sex marriage. (Sep 2004)Voted YES on protecting the Pledge of Allegiance. (Sep 2004)Voted YES on constitutional amendment prohibiting flag desecration. (Jun 2003)Supports anti-flag desecration amendment. (Mar 2001)Require "Privacy Impact Statement" on new federal rules. (Apr 2002)Rated 7% by the ACLU, indicating an anti-civil rights voting record. (Dec 2002)Rated 0% by the HRC, indicating an anti-gay-rights stance. (Dec 2006)Rated 22% by the NAACP, indicating an anti-affirmative-action stance. (Dec 2006)Amend Constitution to define traditional marriage. (Jun 2008)Mike Pence on Corporations Click here for 8 full quotes on Corporations OR background on Corporations.Voted NO on letting shareholders vote on executive compensation. (Jul 2009)Voted YES on more funding for nanotechnology R&D and commercialization. (Jul 2009)Voted NO on allowing stockholder voting on executive compensation. (Apr 2007)Voted YES on replacing illegal export tax breaks with $140B in new breaks. (Jun 2004)Voted YES on Bankruptcy Overhaul requiring partial debt repayment. (Mar 2001)Rated 96% by the US COC, indicating a pro-business voting record. (Dec 2003)Repeal ObamaCare reporting requirements for small business. (Jan 2011)Rated 14% by UFCW, indicating a pro-management voting record. (May 2012)Mike Pence on Crime Click here for 3 full quotes on Crime OR background on Crime.Voted NO on enforcing against anti-gay hate crimes. (Apr 2009)Voted YES on expanding services for offenders' re-entry into society. (Nov 2007)Reduce recidivism by giving offenders a Second Chance. (Mar 2007)Mike Pence on Drugs Click here for 3 full quotes on Drugs OR background on Drugs.Voted YES on more funding for Mexico to fight drugs. (Jun 2008)Voted YES on military border patrols to battle drugs & terrorism. (Sep 2001)Rated -20 by NORML, indicating a "hard-on-drugs" stance. (Dec 2006)Mike Pence on Education Click here for 10 full quotes on Education OR background on Education.Voted YES on reauthorizing the DC opportunity scholarship program. (Mar 2011)Voted NO on $40B for green public schools. (May 2009)Voted NO on additional $10.2B for federal education & HHS projects. (Nov 2007)Voted NO on allowing Courts to decide on "God" in Pledge of Allegiance. (Jul 2006)Voted NO on $84 million in grants for Black and Hispanic colleges. (Mar 2006)Voted YES on allowing school prayer during the War on Terror. (Nov 2001)Voted NO on requiring states to test students. (May 2001)Let schools display the words "God Bless America". (Oct 2001)Rated 17% by the NEA, indicating anti-public education votes. (Dec 2003)Constitutionally guarantee parent's right to educate kids. (Jan 2011)Mike Pence on Energy & Oil Click here for 22 full quotes on Energy & Oil OR background on Energy & Oil.Voted YES on opening Outer Continental Shelf to oil drilling. (May 2011)Voted YES on barring EPA from regulating greenhouse gases. (Apr 2011)Voted NO on enforcing limits on CO2 global warming pollution. (Jun 2009)Voted NO on tax credits for renewable electricity, with PAYGO offsets. (Sep 2008)Voted NO on tax incentives for energy production and conservation. (May 2008)Voted NO on tax incentives for renewable energy. (Feb 2008)Voted NO on investing in homegrown biofuel. (Aug 2007)Voted NO on criminalizing oil cartels like OPEC. (May 2007)Voted NO on removing oil & gas exploration subsidies. (Jan 2007)Voted NO on keeping moratorium on drilling for oil offshore. (Jun 2006)Voted YES on scheduling permitting for new oil refinieries. (Jun 2006)Voted YES on authorizing construction of new oil refineries. (Oct 2005)Voted YES on passage of the Bush Administration national energy policy. (Jun 2004)Voted YES on implementing Bush-Cheney national energy policy. (Nov 2003)Voted NO on raising CAFE standards; incentives for alternative fuels. (Aug 2001)Voted NO on prohibiting oil drilling & development in ANWR. (Aug 2001)Rated 0% by the CAF, indicating opposition to energy independence. (Dec 2006)Bar greenhouse gases from Clean Air Act rules. (Jan 2009)Signed the No Climate Tax Pledge by AFP. (Nov 2010)No EPA regulation of greenhouse gases. (Jan 2011)Drill the Outer Continental Shelf; & license new nuke plants. (Mar 2011)Set goal of 25% renewable energy by 2025. (Jan 2007)Mike Pence on Environment Click here for 11 full quotes on Environment OR background on Environment.Voted NO on $2 billion more for Cash for Clunkers program. (Jul 2009)Voted NO on protecting free-roaming horses and burros. (Jul 2009)Voted NO on $9.7B for Amtrak improvements and operation thru 2013. (Jun 2008)Voted NO on increasing AMTRAK funding by adding $214M to $900M. (Jun 2006)Voted NO on barring website promoting Yucca Mountain nuclear waste dump. (May 2006)Voted YES on deauthorizing "critical habitat" for endangered species. (Sep 2005)Voted YES on speeding up approval of forest thinning projects. (Nov 2003)Rated 10% by the LCV, indicating anti-environment votes. (Dec 2003)Stop considering manure as pollutant or hazardous. (Sep 2011)Rated 0% by HSLF, indicating an anti-animal welfare voting record. (Jan 2012)Strengthen prohibitions against animal fighting. (Jan 2007)Mike Pence on Families & Children Click here for 4 full quotes on Families & Children OR background on Families & Children.Voted NO on four weeks of paid parental leave for federal employees. (Jun 2009)Voted YES on establishing nationwide AMBER alert system for missing kids. (Apr 2003)Voted YES on reducing Marriage Tax by $399B over 10 years. (Mar 2001)Rated 100% by the Christian Coalition: a pro-Family-Value voting record. (Dec 2003)Mike Pence on Foreign Policy Click here for 14 full quotes on Foreign Policy OR background on Foreign Policy.Voted NO on supporting democratic institutions in Pakistan. (Jun 2009)Voted YES on cooperating with India as a nuclear power. (Sep 2008)Voted YES on deterring foreign arms transfers to China. (Jul 2005)Voted YES on reforming the UN by restricting US funding. (Jun 2005)Voted NO on keeping Cuba travel ban until political prisoners released. (Jul 2001)Voted YES on withholding $244M in UN Back Payments until US seat restored. (May 2001)Member of the Congressional Human Rights Caucus. (Jan 2001)Keep sanctions against Syria until WMDs are dismantled. (May 2007)Member of the Silk Road Congressional Caucus. (Nov 2007)Member of House Foreign Affairs Committee. (Mar 2011)Withhold UN funding until voluntary and program-specific. (Aug 2011)Rated -6 by AAI, indicating a anti-Arab anti-Palestine voting record. (May 2012)Sponsored bill supporting demonstrations against Iran. (Jun 2009)Commitment to unbreakable U.S.-Israel bond. (Mar 2010)Mike Pence on Free Trade Click here for 8 full quotes on Free Trade OR background on Free Trade.Voted YES on promoting free trade with Peru. (Nov 2007)Voted NO on assisting workers who lose jobs due to globalization. (Oct 2007)Voted YES on implementing CAFTA, Central America Free Trade. (Jul 2005)Voted YES on implementing US-Australia Free Trade Agreement. (Jul 2004)Voted YES on implementing US-Singapore free trade agreement. (Jul 2003)Voted YES on implementing free trade agreement with Chile. (Jul 2003)Rated 61% by CATO, indicating a mixed record on trade issues. (Dec 2002)Extend trade restrictions on Burma to promote democracy. (Jun 2007)Mike Pence on Government Reform Click here for 15 full quotes on Government Reform OR background on Government Reform.Campaign Finance Reform is censorship. (Feb 2008)Voted NO on Senate pay raise. (Jun 2009)Voted YES on requiring lobbyist disclosure of bundled donations. (May 2007)Voted YES on granting Washington DC an Electoral vote & vote in Congress. (Apr 2007)Voted NO on protecting whistleblowers from employer recrimination. (Mar 2007)Voted YES on requiring photo ID for voting in federal elections. (Sep 2006)Voted NO on restricting independent grassroots political committees. (Apr 2006)Voted YES on prohibiting lawsuits about obesity against food providers. (Oct 2005)Voted YES on limiting attorney's fees in class action lawsuits. (Feb 2005)Voted YES on restricting frivolous lawsuits. (Sep 2004)Voted NO on campaign finance reform banning soft-money contributions. (Feb 2002)Voted YES on banning soft money donations to national political parties. (Jul 2001)Prohibit non-legislated earmarks. (Jul 2005)Sunset Act: review every federal agency every 12 years. (Jan 2009)Member of House Judiciary Committee. (Mar 2011)Mike Pence on Gun Control Click here for 7 full quotes on Gun Control OR background on Gun Control.Voted YES on prohibiting product misuse lawsuits on gun manufacturers. (Oct 2005)Voted YES on prohibiting suing gunmakers & sellers for gun misuse. (Apr 2003)Rated A by the NRA, indicating a pro-gun rights voting record. (Dec 2003)National cross-state standard for concealed carry. (Jan 2009)Teach kids Eddie Eagle GunSafe's lifesaving message. (May 2010)Loosen restrictions on interstate gun purchases. (Oct 2011)Ban gun registration & trigger lock law in Washington DC. (Mar 2007)Mike Pence on Health Care Click here for 20 full quotes on Health Care OR background on Health Care.Voted YES on the Ryan Budget: Medicare choice, tax & spending cuts. (Apr 2011)Voted YES on repealing the "Prevention and Public Health" slush fund. (Apr 2011)Voted NO on regulating tobacco as a drug. (Apr 2009)Voted NO on expanding the Children's Health Insurance Program. (Jan 2009)Voted NO on overriding veto on expansion of Medicare. (Jul 2008)Voted NO on giving mental health full equity with physical health. (Mar 2008)Voted NO on Veto override: Extend SCHIP to cover 6M more kids. (Jan 2008)Voted NO on adding 2 to 4 million children to SCHIP eligibility. (Oct 2007)Voted NO on requiring negotiated Rx prices for Medicare part D. (Jan 2007)Voted YES on denying non-emergency treatment for lack of Medicare co-pay. (Feb 2006)Voted YES on limiting medical malpractice lawsuits to $250,000 damages. (May 2004)Voted NO on limited prescription drug benefit for Medicare recipients. (Nov 2003)Voted NO on allowing reimportation of prescription drugs. (Jul 2003)Voted YES on small business associations for buying health insurance. (Jun 2003)Voted YES on capping damages & setting time limits in medical lawsuits. (Mar 2003)Voted YES on allowing suing HMOs, but under federal rules & limited award. (Aug 2001)Rated 11% by APHA, indicating a anti-public health voting record. (Dec 2003)Repeal any federal health care takeover. (Jul 2010)Deauthorize funding for Obamacare. (Jul 2010)Repeal the Job-Killing Health Care Law. (Jan 2011)Mike Pence on Homeland Security Click here for 15 full quotes on Homeland Security OR background on Homeland Security.Voted YES on extending the PATRIOT Act's roving wiretaps. (Feb 2011)Voted NO on requiring FISA warrants for wiretaps in US, but not abroad. (Mar 2008)Voted NO on Veto override: Congressional oversight of CIA interrogations. (Mar 2008)Voted YES on removing need for FISA warrant for wiretapping abroad. (Aug 2007)Voted NO on restricting no-bid defense contracts. (Mar 2007)Voted YES on allowing electronic surveillance without a warrant. (Sep 2006)Voted YES on continuing intelligence gathering without civil oversight. (Apr 2006)Voted YES on federalizing rules for driver licenses to hinder terrorists. (Feb 2005)Voted YES on continuing military recruitment on college campuses. (Feb 2005)Voted YES on supporting new position of Director of National Intelligence. (Dec 2004)Voted YES on adopting the recommendations of the 9/11 Commission. (Oct 2004)Voted YES on emergency $78B for war in Iraq & Afghanistan. (Apr 2003)Voted YES on permitting commercial airline pilots to carry guns. (Jul 2002)Rated 0% by SANE, indicating a pro-military voting record. (Dec 2003)Extend reserve retirement pay parity back to 9/11. (Dec 2007)Mike Pence on Immigration Click here for 7 full quotes on Immigration OR background on Immigration.Voted YES on building a fence along the Mexican border. (Sep 2006)Voted YES on reporting illegal aliens who receive hospital treatment. (May 2004)Voted YES on extending Immigrant Residency rules. (May 2001)Rated 100% by FAIR, indicating a voting record restricting immigration. (Dec 2003)Rated 92% by USBC, indicating a sealed-border stance. (Dec 2006)End Birthright Citizenship; no more anchor babies. (Apr 2009)Declare English as the official language of the US. (Feb 2007)Mike Pence on Jobs Click here for 10 full quotes on Jobs OR background on Jobs.$700B stimulus did not deliver promised employment. (Jan 2010)Voted YES on extending unemployment benefits from 39 weeks to 59 weeks. (Oct 2008)Voted NO on overriding presidential veto of Farm Bill. (Jun 2008)Voted NO on restricting employer interference in union organizing. (Mar 2007)Voted NO on increasing minimum wage to $7.25. (Jan 2007)Voted YES on end offshore tax havens and promote small business. (Oct 2004)Voted YES on $167B over 10 years for farm price supports. (Oct 2001)Voted YES on zero-funding OSHA's Ergonomics Rules instead of $4.5B. (Mar 2001)Rated 7% by the AFL-CIO, indicating an anti-union voting record. (Dec 2003)Rated 100% by CEI, indicating a pro-workplace choice voting record. (May 2012)Mike Pence on Principles & Values Click here for 5 full quotes on Principles & Values OR background on Principles & Values.Rated C by the Club for Growth, pro-growth but not targeted. (Sep 2004)Rated 0% by the AU, indicating opposition to church-state separation. (Dec 2006)Member of the House Republican Young Guns. (Sep 2010)Member of the Tea Party movement. (Aug 2010)Designate first weekend in May as Ten Commandments Weekend. (Apr 2011)Mike Pence on Social Security Click here for 2 full quotes on Social Security OR background on Social Security.Voted YES on raising 401(k) limits & making pension plans more portable. (May 2001)Rated 22% by the ARA, indicating an anti-senior voting record. (Dec 2003)Mike Pence on Tax Reform Click here for 20 full quotes on Tax Reform OR background on Tax Reform.Across-the-board tax relief better than stimulus bill. (Jan 2010)Voted NO on extending AMT exemptions to avoid hitting middle-income. (Jun 2008)Voted NO on paying for AMT relief by closing offshore business loopholes. (Dec 2007)Voted YES on retaining reduced taxes on capital gains & dividends. (Dec 2005)Voted YES on providing tax relief and simplification. (Sep 2004)Voted YES on making permanent an increase in the child tax credit. (May 2004)Voted YES on permanently eliminating the marriage penalty. (Apr 2004)Voted YES on making the Bush tax cuts permanent. (Apr 2002)Voted YES on $99 B economic stimulus: capital gains & income tax cuts. (Oct 2001)Voted YES on Tax cut package of $958 B over 10 years. (May 2001)Voted YES on eliminating the Estate Tax ("death tax"). (Apr 2001)Reduce the capital gains tax . (Jan 2001)Phaseout the death tax. (Mar 2001)Rated 76% by NTU, indicating a "Taxpayer's Friend" on tax votes. (Dec 2003)Rated 0% by the CTJ, indicating opposition to progressive taxation. (Dec 2006)Replace income tax & employment tax with FairTax. (Jan 2009)Taxpayer Protection Pledge: no new taxes. (Aug 2010)No European-style VAT (value-added tax). (May 2010)Replace income tax & estate tax with 23% sales tax. (Jan 2011)Supports the Taxpayer Protection Pledge. (Jan 2012)Mike Pence on Technology Click here for 15 full quotes on Technology OR background on Technology.Reject the censorship of the Fairness Doctrine. (Feb 2008)Voted NO on delaying digital TV conversion by four months. (Mar 2009)Voted YES on retroactive immunity for telecoms' warrantless surveillance. (Jun 2008)Voted NO on $23B instead of $4.9B for waterway infrastructure. (Nov 2007)Voted NO on establishing "network neutrality" (non-tiered Internet). (Jun 2006)Voted YES on increasing fines for indecent broadcasting. (Feb 2005)Voted YES on promoting commercial human space flight industry. (Nov 2004)Voted YES on banning Internet gambling by credit card. (Jun 2003)Voted YES on allowing telephone monopolies to offer Internet access. (Feb 2002)Promote internet via Congressional Internet Caucus. (Jan 2001)Permanent ban on state & local taxation of Internet access. (Oct 2007)Popularize Electronic Signatures with ESIGN Day. (Jun 2010)End net neutrality; allow tiered Internet service. (Jan 2011)Sponsored bill prohibiting return of the Fairness Doctrine. (Jan 2009)No performance royalties for radio music. (Mar 2009)Mike Pence on War & Peace Click here for 11 full quotes on War & Peace OR background on War & Peace.Voted YES on banning armed forces in Libya without Congressional approval. (Jun 2011)Voted NO on investigating Bush impeachment for lying about Iraq. (Jun 2008)Voted NO on redeploying US troops out of Iraq starting in 90 days. (May 2007)Voted YES on declaring Iraq part of War on Terror with no exit date. (Jun 2006)Voted YES on approving removal of Saddam & valiant service of US troops. (Mar 2004)Voted YES on authorizing military force in Iraq. (Oct 2002)Solidarity with Israel in its fight against terrorism. (Apr 2002)Strengthen sanctions on Syria & assist democratic transition. (Apr 2008)No contact & enforce sanctions on Iran until threat is gone. (May 2011)Support the completion of the US mission in Iraq. (Feb 2007)Sanctions on Iran to end nuclear program. (Apr 2009)

New York City real estate developer and reality TV star Donald Trump (1946- ) was elected America’s 45th president in November 2016. The billionaire businessman ran as a Republican and scored an upset victory over his Democratic opponent, Hillary Clinton. Trump began his career working for his father’s real estate development firm, taking over its leadership in the 1970s. In the ensuing decades, he acquired and built hotels, office towers, casinos and golf courses and also appeared on 14 seasons of “The Apprentice.” He is the first person ever elected to the U.S. presidency without any previous government or military experience. On December 18, 2019, President Trump became the third president in U.S. history to be impeached by the House of Representatives.Early Life and EducationDonald John Trump, the son of Fred, a real estate developer, and his wife, Mary, a homemaker and Scottish immigrant, was born on June 14, 1946, in Queens, New York. The second youngest of five children, he attended private school in Queens before enrolling in the New York Military Academy for eighth grade through high school. Afterward, Trump studied for two years at New York City’s Fordham University then transferred to the University of Pennsylvania’s Wharton School of Finance and Commerce, where he earned an undergraduate degree in 1968. During the Vietnam War, he received four student deferments and one medical deferment and wasn’t drafted for military service.Business CareerAfter college, Trump joined his father’s company, E. Trump & Son, which developed apartments for the middle-class in New York City’s outer boroughs. He became president of the firm in 1974 and went on to make a name for himself in the Manhattan real estate world with the construction of such high-profile projects as the Grand Hyatt New York hotel, which opened in 1980, and Trump Tower, a luxury high-rise that opened in 1983. Also in the 1980s, Trump opened hotel-casinos in Atlantic City, New Jersey; acquired Manhattan’s storied Plaza Hotel and bought the Mar-a-Lago estate in Palm Beach, Florida, which he renovated and turned into a private club. Among other ventures, he briefly owned an airline and a professional football team in the short-lived United States Football League. In 1987, “The Art of the Deal,” Trump’s memoir and business-advice book, was published and became a best-seller. In 1989, his net worth was $1.5 billion, according to Forbes, and he made his first appearance on the cover of Time magazine.However, in the early 1990s, following an economic downturn and slump in the real estate market, Trump was deeply in debt and several of his casinos filed for bankruptcy. In 1995, he reported a nearly $1 billion loss on his taxes. Trump eventually made a financial comeback, in part with a business model that involved licensing his name for a wide variety of ventures ranging from condominiums to steaks and neckties. He continued to acquire and develop real estate properties, and in 2016, when he became the first billionaire elected to the White House, his empire included office buildings, hotels and golf courses around the world. (His various business holdings, before and during his presidency, would become the topic of two Supreme Court cases where potential conflicts of interest were investigated, prompting a request for Trump to release his tax returns).Entertainment CareerIn 2004, Trump started hosting a reality TV show, “The Apprentice,” in which contestants vied for a management job at one of his companies. The show featured Trump’s catchphrase “You’re fired” and drew big ratings. The business mogul eventually raked in $1 million per episode and became a household name. He hosted 14 combined seasons of “The Apprentice” and a spinoff show, “The Celebrity Apprentice.”In addition to starring on “The Apprentice” and making cameo appearances in other TV shows and movies like “Home Alone 2: Lost in New York,” Trump owned several beauty pageants from 1996 to 2015, including Miss Universe and Miss USA. In 1999, he founded a modeling agency that continues to operate.FamilyIn 1977, Trump married Czech model Ivana Zelnickova, with whom he went on to have three children, Donald Trump Jr., Ivanka Trump and Eric Trump. The pair divorced in 1992 and the following year Trump wed actress Marla Maples, with whom he has a daughter, Tiffany Trump. After Trump’s second marriage ended in 1999, he tied the knot with Slovenian model Melania Knauss in 2005. His son with Melania Trump, Barron Trump, was born in 2006.2016 Presidential CampaignBefore winning the U.S. presidency, Trump never held any elected or appointed government office. He had considered a presidential bid on at least several earlier occasions prior to the 2016 race but ultimately opted not to run. In 2011, Trump began questioning in TV interviews whether President Barack Obama was born in the United States. In the following years, he harnessed rumors about Obama’s birthplace to help grow his audience on social media and gain notice in the world of conservative politics. (The White House released the Hawaiian-born president’s short-form birth certificate in 2008 and his long-form birth certificate in 2011.)In June 2015, the real estate developer announced his presidential candidacy in a speech at Trump Tower. His ran his campaign on a pledge to “Make America Great Again,” the slogan emblazoned on the baseball hats he often wore at his public rallies, and spoke out against political correctness, illegal immigration and government lobbyists, while promising to cut taxes, renegotiate trade deals and create millions of jobs for American workers. His brash, unapologetic style and sometimes-controversial comments garnered widespread media coverage. In May 2016, he cinched the Republican nomination, beating out a field of 16 other candidates, including Jeb Bush, Chris Christie, Ted Cruz, Marco Rubio and John Kasich.In the general election, Trump ran against Democrat Hillary Clinton, the first female presidential candidate from a major political party. The race was divisive, in part due to a number of inflammatory remarks and tweets made by Trump. While some members of the Republican establishment distanced themselves from the candidate, Trump’s supporters admired his outspokenness and business success, along with the fact that he wasn’t a politician. A big campaign promise was to build a fortified border wall with Mexico.As the election neared, almost all national polls predicted a victory for the Democratic nominee. However, on November 8, 2016, in what was viewed by many people as a stunning upset, Trump and his vice-presidential running mate, Governor Mike Pence of Indiana, defeated Clinton and her running mate, Senator Tim Kaine of Virginia. Trump won reliably red states as well as important swing states including Florida and Ohio, and racked up 306 electoral votes to his rival’s 232 votes. Clinton won the popular vote.Investigation Into Russian Interference in 2016 ElectionOn July 22, 2016—just days before the Democratic National Convention—WikiLeaks published emails hacked from the DNC, prompting DNC Chair Debbie Wasserman Schultz to resign.The FBI began investigating the hacks, and in September, Democrats Dianne Feinstein and Adam Schiff of the Senate and House Intelligence Committees issued a joint statement stating Russian intelligence agencies were behind the election interference. Their faith was echoed by the Department of Homeland Security and the Office of National Intelligence on Election Security.In January 2017, The Office of the Director of National Intelligence released a report concluding that Russia interfered with the 2016 election. The report found that the Russians did not directly tamper with polls, but instead disseminated pro-Trump messages across the Internet and hacked the DNC. Facebook later announced in 2017 that over 3,000 political ads on their site were linked to Russia.President Donald Trump fired former FBI Director James Comey and insisted via Twitter that there was “no collusion!” between his team and the hackers.Former FBI director Robert Mueller was appointed as special counsel to investigate possible collusion between Russia and Trump’s campaign. The Mueller Report found that Russia "interfered in the 2016 presidential election in sweeping and systematic fashion" and "violated U.S. criminal law.” It ultimately failed to find the rumored link between the Trump administration and the interference, concluding: “the investigation did not establish that members of the Trump campaign conspired or coordinated with the Russian government in its election interference activities.” Several Trump associates were indicted, including Michael Cohen, George Papadopoulos, Paul Manafort, Rick Gates and Michael Flynn.Trump Impeached, Then AcquittedPresident Trump was impeached on December 18, 2019 on two articles—abuse of power and obstruction of justice. The impeachment charges stemmed mainly from a July 25, 2019 phone call with the newly-elected president of the Ukraine, Volodymyr Zelenskiy. During the call, President Trump asked the Ukrainian president to investigate Joe Biden, vice president under Barack Obama and a Democratic hopeful for the 2020 presidential race. Trump’s attorney, Rudy Giuliani, had publicly accused Biden of having former chief Ukrainian prosecutor Viktor Shokin removed from office because he was investigating Burisma, a Ukrainian gas company. Joe Biden’s son, Hunter Biden, was on the board of the company.An anonymous whistleblower came forward to report the call: "In the course of my official duties, I have received information from multiple U.S. Government officials that the President of the United States is using the power of his office to solicit interference from a foreign country in the 2020 U.S. election."Speaker of the House Nancy Pelosi announced a formal impeachment inquiry into President Trump on September 24, 2019. Just under a month later, members of the House voted along partisan lines in favor of impeachment. All but two Democrats supported the article on abuse of power, while all but three Democrats supported the article on obstruction of Congress. No Republicans voted in favor of either article of impeachment against President Trump. On February 5, 2020, the Senate voted largely along party lines to acquit Trump on both charges.