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Haha, this is interesting. A class of nations.. So let me try to put this down as I see it.I personified countries and have written headcanon-ish storylines for each of them. If you want me to do any more countries, let me know in the comments.DISCLAIMERS:The stereotypes used are for satirical purposes onlyHistorical exaggeration and trivialization is not meant to offend any perosn, their beliefs, nationality, identity, sex, gender, sexual orientation, religion, race or world-viewThe humor is dark in places and have been used, again, to employ satire and irony, as well as to build personality for the “countries” as “people”.Please view the facts and jokes presented in an unbiased manner as a consumer of art.Now lets dive in.USA:USA wins. Always.He’s got the game, the name and the babes. He always wins by hook or by crook. A rich, powerful, tanned handsome, arrogant son of the powerful yet unlikely couple, city’s second biggest businessman and the well-respected school Principal. Captain of the football team and by far the best player as well (he broke the leg of every player who ever tried to play better than him).He is the kid who throws the most parties and everybody wants to be friend’s with him. He doesn’t know the meaning of ‘minding one’s own business’ and once got in trouble for interfering in Iran’s homework.He comes from an old and rich family related to that of Poland, France and his old childhood rival, UK. Canada is his first cousin. He lives in a huge suburban mansion with his own swimming pool.He is best friends with Australia and Canada and he leads the Big League (USA, UK, China, France and Russia). He however, has a rocky history with Russia who he fought with in middle school. Though they do sometimes work together, they are still at silent war with each other for the top spot within the league. China avoids them both. Apart from Russia and China, he maintains amicable relations with the rest of the league. he is now friends with UK, his playschool rival.Africa used to be his father’s gardener. USA made Africa build his father’s mansion for free, whipping and beating him into submission. He has a bad history with this gardener’s children as well. His gardener has a lot of children; Nigeria, Niger, Liberia, Libya and their many brothers and sisters. As a child, USA used to be racist and bullied the gardener’s sons and made sure they never got the opportunities and freedom that he deserved. But the entire school teamed up to knock some sense into his head. Africa has since left job at USA’s father’s and has setup his own agricultural implements store with which he takes care of his children. USA has become more tolerant recently, at least in public, though people still say he is secretly a big racist even now.He is not a bad fighter as well. In 4th grade, he helped his fellow Big League-ers and friends to fight Germany, Italy and Japan in a huge cataclysmic showdown that wrecked the class. He was initially disinterested in the fight since he considered it a little trifle between Russia and Germany but soon got involved when Japan threw a baseball at him, and called him “sissy” for not joining the fight. USA then proceeded to personally draw the pulp out of Japan and stuck pepper bombs on his seat which literally set fire to Japan’s bottoms. He then worked with Russia, probably for the first and last time to fight Germany who was more than a little stubborn . After the fight became a mess, USA regretted and urged rest of the Big League to be more tolerant.Another country he hates is North Korea. He hates North Korea, vehemently.Rumor has it that anybody who fights with him gets transferred. Recently, his businessman father has changed. He has become more alcoholic and more erratic than ever. This has had a toll on USA’s personality. His father has also now become friends with Russia’s and plays poker with him.RussiaYou wouldn’t like him angry. Ever.Russia rarely gets angry, but whenever he does, he never comes down before drawing blood. He’ll punch your nose to pulp.He is sulking Hulk of the Big League and he never really talks to his other so called ‘friends’ in the league - USA, China, UK and France. He was the most popular guy in school after UK and before USA. USA and Russia got into a fight in middle school, which toppled Russia from it’s position as the class chick-magnet. He has had a long standing rivalry with USA ever since.It all happened in 7th grade. He was the captain of the school football team but when USA tried to break his leg in the locker room, he broke USA’s nose. He got sent to detention the next day becausea) USA had only provoked him with a hockey stick and didn’t actually attackand b) USA’s mother was the Principal.He never really recovered.He is huge. Tall, athletic and exceptionally well built with untamed hair. He sometimes feels like a playboy and has had his share of girlfriends despite his reclusive lifestyle. He never really smiles nor frowns. His lips are always set in an uncomfortable straight line. He is a master at MMA and Jiu Jitsu.Germany once sat at his place in 4th grade and refused to get up. This pissed him off so much, he punched Germany on his face. Agitated Germany ganged up with his friends, Japan and Italy and tried to fight Russia. Bad move, definitely, because immediately Russia instigated the Big League and with their support as well as most of other like India, Canada, Australia and Africa beat the shit of Germany’s gang. The whole class was wrecked and they all got time out after which the Big League took it upon themselves to keep peace in class at all costs despite their differences.He works hard on his studies and does well in science. In fact, in middle school, he led the Science decathlon team. Despite being smart in Physics, he does not take part in decathlons any more. Nobody knows why. He sits in the left corner of classroom smothering down USA with his looks or chatting quietly with his best friends, Kazakhstan and Belarus. He earlier used to live in a hostel with them, but has since separated and moved out to their own homes.Counter-intuitively, however, he works exceptionally well with India, both of whom were lab partners once and share a lot of common interests. He has known China for long, since their fathers had the same political ideas but they are not the best of friends. With China, he never really talks, but they acknowledge each other with nods.Recently his dad has become friends with USA’s and have started playing poker together, much to his dismay.Canada:USA’s younger first cousin.Cute, well mannered, ambivert teenager. Friends with UK, both of them being babysitted together as children (along with Australia and New Zealand). Well liked and easily lovable. Soft spoken but has been known to be extremely aggressive under circumstances. Likes his pancakes with a lot of maple syrup. Aces most tests though he is known to often ask India’s help to complete his homeworks.He is the biggest friend of USA, UK and France and helps them always. He even joined them when they fought Japan, Germany and their friends in 4th grade.Rarely speaks against USA, whether he agrees with him or not. Though not part of the Big League (USA, UK, China, France and Russia), he hangs out with them a lot. Has changed a lot since he started dating France. Some parts of him are almost French.France:She’s hot and she knows it.The first chick of the class and the only girl on the Big League. Shopaholic, arrogant, sassy, smart and talented, she is a stereotypical popular chick. She is on the dance team and plays on the girls’ baseball team. She is the Quidditch team captain and she leads the cheerleading squad as well.She looks down on other girls except those who fan her. She is very friendly with USA though they disagree sometimes and has a frenemy relation with UK, one of her oldest friends as well as rivals.In 3rd grade she revolted against her father. Her father was a very oppressive man who regularly beat her up and abused her mother. She stood up against him knowing that it’d be in vain. But her Revolution, inspired her mother to divorce her father and move out. Her mother has since become a successful Fashion designer who earns more than France can ever spend.She is a pro at fencing and is a ruthless MMA fighter like Russia. Her bestfriend is Italy but she once fought with her as well. Back in 4th grade she teamed up with USA, China, UK, Russia, India, Canada, Pakistan and others to beat the pulp out of Germany, Italy and Japan. Germany had placed a frog on her table once and she hated frogs. Japan had then derogatorily exclaimed that it was a surprise she hated frogs because she ate snails! France, not able to take it any more sided with Russia when he fought these kids, including her erstwhile friend Italy, who in her paranoid mood swings decided that France was an unfaithful friend and therefore helped Germany and Japan. She herself delivered a huge blow on Italy’s ears, it bled straight for an hour. She later apologized to her and they reconciled.She has been dating Canada for a long long time, right from Elementary school and they are very good friends. He always stands by her and that’s what she loves the most about him.She can be very mean but is generally easy to please.UK:He used to be the most popular guy in school, once.A likable kind of guy and he was the Class Prefect once.But he also has a history of misusing his powers. Sometime in 4th grade, when he first became the class prefect, he made a lot of money behind the dark by being a very very mean jerk then who stole South Africa’s lunch money and sold crack to China also to make money. Back then, he used to be in an abusive relationship with India and he used to boss her around. He once forced India to ghost write an essay for him, promising her 50% of the cash prize but went back on his words soon enough. Around the same time, Germany and Russia got into a little fight that escalated into a huge schism. UK then proceeded to defend his Big League friends and forced India and Pakistan to do the same. They together settled the issue by kicking Germany’s ass and making him quiet. This fight however, also gave some nice ideas to India, China, South Africa and the other kids UK had oppressed. As soon as the class was cleaned up, these kids teamed up and kicked UK’s ass. He has become pretty much decent since.Impeccably dressed and handsome in the gentlemanly sense of the word. He reads classics, drinks tea and is on the Shakespearean drama team. He is also an excellent bowler on the Cricket team. He is chivalrous and holds doors open for girls, not that all of them like it.He often keeps to himself and avoids conflicts. Close to USA and extremely close to Canada. He has a dynamic relation with France. He used to be close friends with other European kids and was added by France in their Whatsapp group with Germany, Spain, Italy, Poland, Switzerland, Austria, Portugal and so on. He has since left the group because their messages confused him. Gracefully accepts his lost position at the top the big league and is now concentrating on improving his grades.ChinaHe works hard. Very Hard.China comes from a very old and proud Communist family. His late father used to be a hard-task master who believed in equality of opportunity and meritocracy. His Tiger Mom further ensured that this happened by forcing him to work harder than he possibly could.In 5th grade he fought with depression and broke down under this stress. That’s when UK sold him crack, without completely knowing what it was and eventually got him addicted. This went on for a year, until his father barged into the school and got UK suspended for a week. China was then taken to rehab and he rejoined the next year, as a changed man.His family is overcrowded. He has 8 siblings and a half sibling. He also has a cousin, Taiwan, who he is not allowed to talk to because Taiwan’s father (China’s uncle) and China’s mother are still fighting over the ownership of Grandpa’s house. Despite his autocratic home, his parents’ falling marriage and civil war, his father’s subsequent death, his family conflict with his uncle, his short addiction phase and consequent rehab and all the other challenges he faced, he did not give up. He just worked harder.Despite being smart from the beginning nobody noticed him till ninth grade. That’s when he began to work uber hard. He began to ace all his tests and tops every single paper except Math, which India tops. This has sparked off a rivalry between India and China. Despite being bestfriends in playschool, they don’t talk anymore. His rivalry with India goes so deep that he secretly started dating India’s most hated rival, Pakistan.Initially he did not mind others business . But back in fourth grade when Germany, Italy and Japan were busy pranking others, they made the mistake of pranking China as well. This infuriated China and he teamed up with Russia when fight broke out between him and Germany and contributed some cool karate moves to Japan’s abdomen.He wakes up at 5 and sleeps at 11. He does Karate, Kung Fu and Taekwondo in his free time. He never rests. He is a master tinkerer and knows how to apply science in real life. He has won the Science Fair, every year since 8th grade and sometimes makes super-cheap life hacks for his classmates, which most of them buy, including India, albeit reluctantly.Despite being a straight A student and martial arts expert, he does not have much friends. This is because he is insanely introverted, something that can be justified given his rough past. He also gets pissed off very easily. Emotionally unstable and not very matured in actions. ‘Nerd’ is his trigger word.South Korea has a crush on him and hates Pakistan for being with him. He is the smartest in the Big League.India:India never gives up. She is a fighter.India is a fighter. She never gives up. No matter what you throw at her, she just shakes it off and walks away.India is all about fluidity. Dynamic and fiery. All though, anatomically female, India is genderfluid, sometimes identifying as male at other times female. She is the only genderfluid student in the class and despite her non-binary gender, she prefers the pronouns she/her, a habit that must have come from being closeted so long in such a conservative family. India doesn’t actually mind misgendering and she is quick to forgive even if you bully her, but only after she breaks your nose-ridge.Her inhumanely beautiful mother is a staunch Hindu but her father is an atheist. She has a half sister, Pakistan. India is not in good terms with Pakistan or her mother.India can speak over a dozen languages and can smooth talk better than anyone; the latter quality could have been acquired while she was working at a fast-food joint in Middle School to help support her family. Despite having a rich background, she was forced to work hard and earn when her father’s company went bankrupt during the stock market crash. Her father was subsequently arrested for corruption and money fraud, causing huge distress in the family. India and her crowded household of four siblings worked hard along with her parents to put the family back on track. The owner of the joint where she worked even tried to sexually assault her but she ran away and successfully sued him. Due to her dedicated hardwork, she rebuilt her family and helped free her dad. Her father, has since reformed and is now running a Dosa and Tandoor restaurant. She is very close to her parents and lives in a closely knit household.When India came out in 6th grade, Pakistan and her mother told India that her sexual fluidity was a sin. India refused to change and her dad supported her. Conflicted with their religious ideals, Pakistan and her mother moved out to another apartment. Later, India and Pakistan fell in love with the same boy, Kashmir. Kashmir goes to a different school and really just wants to be left alone, but India and Pakistan are decidedly pursued him. This fanned the conflict between them and they became bitter rivals. Pakistan later began to secretly date China, though she still has her eyes on Kashmir.India comes from a very, very, very old family. It is said, that her grandmother kept a family tree that went back hundreds of generations. Her mother is a strictly conservative, uber-religious, hard-tasking person but her father is more to the liberal side.India is the hot-nerd type of person. She is an uber geek and slaves over her homework. She aces all the tests and always finishes second to China or even defeats China when it comes to Math. China hates her for it and they are bitter rivals, both of them refusing to even share notes.She is quite easily, the most beautiful girl in the class. Most boys have secret crushes on her and find it really awkward when she switches gender. Funny, charismatic, pretty eyes, she is also wild, chaotic and insanely talented. Back when she was poor, China, USA and UK used to laugh at her for her being dirty and is now very fussy about cleaning up her mess. She is known for her strict Yoga regimen and her inhumane flexibility. She is dancer par excellence, specializing Bharatanatyam and is also on the school gymnastics team. She is an exceptionally talented bats-woman and is the captain of the girl’s cricket team.Almost always sweet, but beware, if she gets pissed, then she will piss everybody else off too. In fourth grade she teamed up with UK (with whom she had been in an abusive relationship), USA, China, Canada, France, Russia and others to fight Germany and his buddies when he got into a feud with Russia. By sixth grade UK and India were dating but UK was an abusive boyfriend. One time in 6th grade, UK had made India ghost-write an essay for him by promising her that he would give her 50% of the cash prize that he wins. When he failed to give her the promised prize, she protested outside of Principal’s room, threatening to starve to death if the prize was not repealed. UK’s prize was repealed and the cash prize was given to India. A couple of days later UK got suspended after China’s father complained against him. After UK returned after suspension, guilty and remorseful, India was the first one to re-befriend him and India still remains UK’s friend.USA is always neutral about India, though it is rumored that USA has a thing for Pakistan. Russia and India were lab partners once and they are still very close friends. India’s best friend is Israel and they both help each other always but that hasn’t stopped her from having good friendship with Arabia too, India often acting as a mediator between them. She also sometimes shares her lunch with her neighbor, Bangladesh. India is also Afghanistan’s role model after she helped him rehabilitate from his psychological trauma. Many a times India, tried to get into the Big League, but she never made it.EDIT 1: This is my first answer to cross 300 upvotes in just 10 hours. Thank you so much people. I’ll update soon with the rest of the class.Arabia:Arabia is rich. R-I-C-H rich.Arabia is the rich kid in town. Remember how USA’s father was the second richest businessman? Arabia’s father is the first. He comes to school in a customized Lamborghini and lives in a palatial mansion in the desert that fringes the city. His father became rich in the end of the last century when he discovered oil in their backyard. At age 15, he got into oil business with his dad.He goes on and off at school. Most of his life, he was home-schooled and thus is still a bit socially awkward. He comes from a super-uber religious Muslim family and he is an ardent theist. He even comes to school in his traditional attire and is known for his austere discipline, especially during the month of Ramadan. In fact, it is wonder how he survives the entire month fasting till sundown given that he is otherwise an avid foodie who gorges on his lambs, camels kebabs, hummus and falafels. He however has a no alcohol policy. He grew a mustache when he was 13 and a full beard by 15. He has a wizard’s mastery business . He is the Commerce teacher’s favorite and helps strategizes bake sales for his juniors.He has been accused of being overly conservative and a little extremist. He hates when people disagree with him and he has a peculiar humor sense. Therefore, not many friends.He is however, quite friendly with Pakistan, Afghanistan and Turkey with whom he shares a lot of ideological similarities. He has an amicable relationship with India as well and they help each other out on projects. He hates Israel and that is the only disagreement he has with India. He and Israel often raze each other in stare-off contests from across the class. Afghanistan once pranked USA by placing explosive balloons in his locker and Arabia silently supported Afghanistan when Afghanistan was suspended. USA and Arabia were close friends once, but after this incident friendship has deteriorated some what. They still however, invite each other to parties and their rich fathers still trade and play poker together.GermanyGermany got into serious trouble and learnt.Germany used to be the smartest kid in Elementary school. He always used to sit in the front row and always answered whenever professors asked questions. He built cool things and all was good. However, he was also a hypochondriac and germophobe, who tried to purify himself by going on a detox juice diet and maintaining exceptional cleanliness. This earned him the nickname, “Germ-Many”, a name he detested. Then third grade, began and on the first week when he put up his hand to answer, Belgium called him ‘Germ-many’ loudly and he felt deeply insulted. He began to purposely hurt Belgium during football practice and so the rest of the class led by UK, France and Russia complained to the coach and got him out of team.This apparent defeat made him depressed, paranoid and even more hypochondriac.Now fully resentful and insanely confused, he began to plot marvelous schemes on the back pages of his notebooks on how to mete out ‘justice’ to his ‘stupid’ classmates. That is when he befriended the paranoid backbencher chick, Italy and the awkward new rich kid, Japan. With their help, he began pranking his classmates. He placed a frog in France’s table, stole Poland’s lunch and sat on Russia’s place. The latter was a huge mistake because Russia does not give up easily. Russia dragged Germany by the collar and kicked him in the gut. His Big League-er friends, UK, China and France along with India, Australia, Canada, Pakistan and Africa beat Germany and his friends. Things got messy and eventually Germany gave up.Both parties, realizing their mistakes, apologized and agreed to work together to clean up the class before the next teacher came. All except Japan, who was in First aid room with burning pepper sauce on his ass and USA who had already been sent to detention for doing it.Since then, Germany has changed. Germany now concentrates on improving his grades and bettering his skills at sports. He is an admin on the European Kids Whatsapp Group along with France and others. He has also taken an interest in Classical languages and Sanskrit and has been going to India’s mom for classes. He also won a second place in the Science Fair in 9th grade and later went on to win the first place in Junior year when he designed a brilliant new car. He interns with Mercedes Benz now.JapanChina’s creative, quiet and awkward cousin.Japan is smart. Really, really smart. At age five, he built his first robot, and at age 12, he won the National Science Fair. The Forbes Magazine mentioned him as a 30 Under 30 scientists when he was 16.He is extremely introverted and talks mostly only to China, USA, India, Germany and France. Counter intuitively given his ‘quiet nerdy’ look, he however is stylishly dressed always, and rumor has it that his fashion designer mother designs his clothes for him.Both his parents are Robotics Engineers, with his mother also running a fashion designing boutique in her spare time. His rich technocratic family didn’t send him to school till 3rd grade. This made him awkward when he joined school in 3rd grade. He immediately stuck with Germany, another smart yet awkward and confused kid. They both felt frustrated that other kids weren’t noticing them enough, so got together with the paranoid chick, Italy and decided to pull pranks on rest of the school. Initially they were successful, but Germany made a misstep with Russia and the whole class began fighting. Japan acted like a big bully and threw a basketball at USA and called him “sissy” for not joining the fight. China and the USA then together kicked his ass and beat him to pulp. USA broke his arms and badly hurt him but was still seething in anger. Nobody calls USA sissy. USA in fit of rage, even filled a balloon with chili sauce and made a ‘pepper bomb’ which he placed on Japan’s seat and forced Japan to sit on it. Even the thinking back to that explosion sets fire to Japan’s bottom. USA’s mother, the Principal, for the first time ever scolded USA for this act and asked him to apologize. Filled with remorse on after thought USA apologized to Japan and they reconciled. Germany soon stopped fighting and Japan has since worked with the Big League and the other prefects to maintain peace during and after lectures.He is the only Shinto kid in class, and he is a strong believer. He eats sushi, fish and rice and loves to share it with others. He loves history and physics, an unlikely subject combo, and aces them both. He also has the sickest katana collection in school and he often invites his friends to Zen themed parties in his parents’ meticulous tea garden. He loves anime and aspires to produce his own anime series someday. He is well liked by everyone because a) he generally keeps quiet and minds his business b) he helps everyone with their physics and history quizzes. During this summer, he plans to intern with Honda on their Asimo Robot.PakistanIs China dating Pakistan? Pakistan’s parents can’t know.Pakistan is the bewitchingly beautiful conservative girl who is also happens to be India’s estranged half sister. Their atheist father had two wives, one Hindu and the other Muslim, the latter of which was Pakistan’s mother. India and Pakistan lived together and worked together till their sixth grade and back then Pakistan even supported India during her little skirmish with UK. Then the inevitable happened. Religious tension arose between the two sisters.It all happened in 6th grade, right after India broke up with UK and UK got suspended. Confused by the sudden turn of events, India decided to come out. India came out at the end of sixth grade and declared that she was genderfluid. This did not sit well with Pakistan or her mother. They asked India’s father’s opinion. He staunchly supported India and her decision and appreciated her stance. Pakistan, however, felt that India was being blasphemous and that being Genderfluid was a sin. She moved out with her mother to the neighboring apartment, their father left with no other option but to share time between his two families. Then one day India and Pakistan both fell in love with the same boy, Kashmir.Kashmir goes to another school and really just wants to be left alone. But vying for his attention, the disagreement flared between Pakistan and India and they became bitter rivals. Religious difference and rivalry for Kashmir soured the little bond they shared and they have remained ever since.Israel is one more country that hates her, otherwise, Pakistan maintains good relations with most others, especially Arabia. In eighth grade she began dating China secretly. She knows her mother would never approve of this, but China sure is a charming guy!USA also has a thing for Pakistan and he covertly helps her.Recently, however her friendship with most have dampened. This is because Afghanistan once pranked USA by placing explosive balloons in his locker and together with Arabia, Pakistan silently supported Afghanistan when Afghanistan was suspended. Her constant insult wars with India are also not very image boosting. China, USA and Arabia still remain her friends and within her small circle she is very popular.Pakistan is a dedicated and devoted student. She works hard on improving her grades but in moments of desperation has sometimes cheated on tests as well. Essentially, a person of faith, she prays five times a day and keeps staunch fast during Ramadan. She loves her Biriyani and Tikkas but no matter how much she eats she never gets fat, much to the envy of France. Known to be charming and funny, she is a martial arts expert and an excellent cricketer. Her hijab collection is quite the talk of the fashionistas and she is told to be an immensely resilient person.North KoreaThis guy is paranoid. And self-obsessed.He is more self obsessed than USA, more bossy than China and has Dunning-Kruger Effect, which literally means he “suffers from illusory superiority, mistakenly assessing [his] cognitive ability as greater than it is.”He has an estranged twin brother, South Korea. They once got into a terrible fight in 8th grade, wherein NK almost killed SK. After this, both of them were separated. Their parents divorced too, the father siding with SK and the mother with NK. After the divorce, NK has had three stepfathers, each one worse than the last, with all three of them influencing him very negatively.Due to his Dunning-Kruger Effect and self obsession, he struts around throwing weight even though nobody gives a rat’s ass about him. All of SK’s friends hate him. He has a long history of rivalry, or more accurately unrequited loathing to USA . The only person who, even though very rarely, acknowledges him with a curt nod is China.Despite his bucket-list of character defects, he is moderately smart in science and is extremely hardworking. However nobody notices this, as it pales in comparison to his disgusting superiority complex.Recently, his narcissism became insufferable and he began getting a lot hate messages slipped into his locker and lot of hate texts and DMs. Unable to tolerate this he sealed up his locker, broke his cellphone, quit from social media and internet and pulled himself into a shell of isolation and depression. He began to spend his days brooding in the back seat jealously looking at SK. He started calling SK and other names and started throwing threats at USA. Seeing that nobody takes him seriously, in 10th grade, he dropped out of High School and now is being home-schooled by his third and his personal favorite stepfather.EDIT 2: Thank you for the 120k views and 5k upvotes! You guys are awesome! Love. I’ll post other countries as soon as possible. Also, as many of you have commented/messaged, do you think I should write it down as a book?

** Warning, this is an incredibly long and detailed post!**These answers will be for the USA. I’m not familiar enough with requirements elsewhere to speak about them. There are several paths and I’ll address the most common ones below. I have written elsewhere about entry into nursing school and different levels/types of RN lisc. processes. Given how long this post already is, I’m not adding that content here.The first step is to find and get into a university with a nursing program. That involves such things as completion of high school or GED, presentation of transcripts, essays, completion of test such as ACT or SAT, letters of reference may be needed or other materials.At this point, you can declare nursing a major and start your program of study for the next four years for one if you go a classic route, or you can go accelerated baccalaureate or via a community college or OCNE.Classic- note that it is not unusual to do summers in nursing school, so not just 9 months or 10 months of the year. The curriculum is packed and minors may be possible but double majors in 4 years is quite rare.Freshman is general prerequisites such as history, English and so on plus math and science basic courses. Chemistry, biology, basic maths, general psych, nutrition and the like.Sophomore sometimes has a nursing course or two in it but that depends on the program. Usually, you are science heavy and building on year one courses. Organic chemistry, microbiology, a full year or two semesters of anatomy and physiology, genomics, statistics, computer science, medical ethics may be here or early third year as a junior.You’ll also apply and complete applications at this point for the upper division nursing major. The 2017 data shows 64k qualified applicants were turned away. So just because you have completed coursework doesn’t mean you are guaranteed a slot. There are things you can do to help your application be more competitive. I have written about that elsewhere on Quora as have others. Many times, programs will require at least a 3.0 GPA in the sciences. Some students will take courses multiple times to get that grade average. Which is a problem because when you’re in program, there isn’t much room for do overs.If you are accepted, you begin third year courses. These will definitely have two or more terms of pathophysiology and pharmacology. You’ll also have a fundamental skills/intro to nursing course. The curriculum may diverge widely from there. Some programs do an intro to population/community health. Some do health promotion. Some do a first clinical/theory course in a long term care setting and have gerontology content or chronic illness. You will have a clinical and theory course each term/semester plus the patho and pharm. Patho and pharm are “cut” courses sometimes. It is one of the reasons for the 3.0 in the sciences. These two sets of courses tend to be one students may have trouble with.Note that theory and clinical courses go together. So if you are taking an acute care course, you will have a theory and clinical combo. Often, you’ll need to pass both components to advance. Nursing is a practice discipline. You have to be able to both do the theory part and the clinical. Some students are better at one or the other.Theory will consist of didactic, learning activities, and bridge activities between clinical and theory that link them. Lecture, role playing, written assignments, tests, case studies, care plans, papers and other activities will be part of the courses. Many courses use an electronic learning system of some sort and may have discussion groups/forums and other activities. Any or all of these may be graded and what you have will vary from course to course.A word about NCLEX prep. NCLEX is the examination you will take at the end of your program. It is the examination that you take to obtain your RN license. More about that later. I strongly recommend that students get a used NCLEX book from the year that just graduated. You can find them all over once the previous class has taken their exam for cheap. Spend a certain amount of your time doing NCLEX questions each week. Make them related to your content that week. According to the recommendations I last saw, 7,000 questions is best for practice. You won’t get all that at the end, you’re too exhausted and too busy. Start early. It will also help because the exam questions in your courses are written NCLEX style. This is not the usual thing you’re used from previous classes! You may get a multiple choice question where all the answers are correct and you have to pick what to do first, or the one that is most important or most correct for the situation you are given. They are written at application level. Again, practice discipline. You need to take what you are learning and apply it. Look at Bloom’s Taxonomy (Bloom) to get an idea. You’ll find that the course and learning objectives use these too.Clinical consists of patient care time, time in skills labs (learning and practicing psychomotor skills primarily) and simulation. Simulation occurs in varying ways. In all clinical work, you do your prep before you come to clinical. You have to be ready to go. You may haveactors playing patient roles,use a realistic dummy that has heart and lung sounds, can talk to you and have vital signs, tubes and so on.equipment such as IV arms to practice phlebotomy and IV starts, handwashing and sterile gloving and so on.Skills labs usually have a demo and then a practice before a testing return demo component.Senior year means you’ve usually had one or more hospital based experiences.Not all students get hospital pediatrics or OB anymore, primarily for three reasons. First, most of these populations are healthy and you may get experience in a birthing clinic, a school, or other site because that is where you’ll find your patient population. Second, there are small numbers of such sites and competition is fierce to gain access. So, even if a clinical site has round the clock students, there just aren’t enough. Finally, most people are not going to go into those areas and they will have other opportunities later if that is their particular practice interest.Usually you will have epidemiology and population/community based health as a clinical and theory your senior year. You may also have a separate leadership course or research course. Some programs just build that content into each term or spread it out in other ways.You will usually have some sort of capstone course. This course has minimal theory and maximal clinical time in an area you have some say in choosing. You will work with a preceptor or two in clinical. The clinical instructor visits and is on call but is not with you in clinical as in previous courses. This is right before you graduate.Near the end of your program of study, schools of nursing will often have you take an NCLEX prep assessment of some kind. This is a timed test, on computer, just as you would take for NCLEX. You’ll get a printout of what you did well on and what you need to study more on. How they do that will vary by school. Nursing schools are assessed on their NCLEX pass rate, so this is important for everyone concerned. If a school falls below a certain point, the school’s state board of nursing gets involved and it isn’t fun. Your early practice will help you a lot here. There are also apps that have NCLEX style questions you can get and use and practice sites on the web. So, getting an app at some point late in junior year or early senior, so you get used to seeing thing on computer, may be a good idea.Once you graduate, the school of nursing sends in your completion to the state board that you indicate you’ll be testing in. The state board has a process for notifications and exam taking on their homepage. So you can get more info there. They’ll also tell newly graduated nurses what the process is.Take the NCLEX! You have up to 6 hours and only need to get a minimum of 75 answers correct to pass since the answers can go up or down in terms of difficulty based on prior answers. You answer as many questions as needed to prove mastery of the content. The exam is on computer at a testing center and proctored. If you do not pass, you can retake after a certain period. The vast majority pass the first time. After that, the state board will send you your license and you’re an RN! Yeah!!Accelerated Baccalaureate Programs- These are for people who already have a minimum of a bachelor’s degree in another field and who have completed all the prerequisites (as above) plus whatever other entry criteria the program has, and been successful in their application to the nursing school. The application will include transcripts, certification of previous degree(s), essays, face to face interviews and other activities as designated by the program you’ve applied to.Programs are intensives and usually, people do not work as they are spending a minimum of 60 hours a week in class, clinical and studying. I was the director of an acc bacc program and taught in one for years. I’ve had students tell me this is more doctoral level in terms of intensity than undergrad. You are usually in class/clinical 5 days a week. Study time is evenings and weekends plus whenever possible during the day during the week.Patho and pharm, community and epi, hospital based/acute care, leadership, research and so on all get done but in a condensed format lasting 12 to 18 months of continuous courses.All the info about NCLEX and so on still applies but you have less time to do prep for it.Community college to university is another option. This involves taking prerequisites (first two years usually) at a community college. It is cheaper and more accessible than 4 year as people don’t have to move til later. It can be an issue however, because the four year college is usually on semesters and the community college on terms, so you may have to take extra credits to get enough to transfer.Once you complete your community college courses/prerequisites, you go thru application as above for the university.The junior and senior year are identical to the classic program. You’ll do the same for the NCLEX as well.Your terminal degree, as with all of these will be a BSN or Bachelor’s of Science in Nursing.OCNE stands for the Oregon Consortium for Nursing Education Welcome to the Oregon Consortium for Nursing Education (OCNE). The program started in Oregon where I taught. Please see the info on that site. There are now about 30 programs in the USA offering some version of OCNE. I’m not going to go into this in detail but there are several paths and ways to get to your RN and perhaps, BSN, via these pathways.You asked about nursing schools and how they work.Nursing schools in a university setting offer at least a BSN. They may offer other levels and programs as well. They may or may not have graduate, doctoral, or postdoctoral programs.The size can be highly variable. I did my prereqs Freshman year at Southwestern Oklahoma State University, which at that time was graduating about 8 to 10 students a year I think. Small school in a rural area. Other schools, like OHSU that I taught at, can graduate 100s of students per year.Programs may or may not be affiliated closely with a health sciences center, a particular hospital system where you’ll do most of your clinicals, or other institutions.Baccalaureate and higher programs are accredited by the American Academy of Colleges of Nursing. Make sure your program is accredited!!! It is something employers will ask about.Accreditation is a long and expensive process for a school to go thru and occurs at predetermined (by the accrediting body) intervals. Yet the school is doing things at all times to be compliant with accreditation. You can read more about it and the process if you’re interested at the AACN web site.Some schools only offer the classic program. Others offer other programs. Since you are asking about RN and so on, I’m guessing that you are not already an RN, so I haven’t talked about bridge aka 2 plus 2 or the other varieties of programs that have someone with an ADN (associate’s degree rather than BSN) come back to complete their BSN.Faculty are usually experts in their content area or can get guest speakers who are. It is important to recognize what it takes to get and maintain that expertise and faculty can’t be experts at everything, anymore than a nurse can. You may see team teaching. For example, I used to teach acute care adult content with someone with a peds background as our course was acute care across the lifespan. I don’t do babies, mamas or peds. Makes warding sign, hides. I do not have any expertise in that area. And I would arrange guest speakers when there was a topic that I knew less about or when I could get someone who did whatever it was full time. So having a master’s prepared, certified wound and ostomy nurse come and talk about the niceties of wounds and ostomies is a win for everyone! Plus the students don’t have to hear me droning on anymore.Okay, I’m getting silly so time to stop. Hope this proves helpful to you. Please let me know if you have any additional questions.

My answer is going to have some inaccuracies. But I assure you. It’s far better than the three I mention below.You can just ignore Barnabas Farkas, Tomaz Vargazon, and Leto's nonsense.5,000 Roman Legionaries is basically just a Legion. How they structured themselves is basically self evident. You also mention “Roman legionaries" so we know how they are equipped, will fight like, and so forth.5,000 Han Chinese soldiers? Like of the Han dynasty? Well, damn. You aren't giving the Romans any chance.These 5,000 were most likely armed with crossbows, bows, spears, swords maybe ji, lamellar armor and so forth.The 5,000 men can simply bombard the Romans with their crossbows until they get in range then which the Han would discard their crossbows except the back line which will continue to use crossbows.The frontline would switch to long arms to engage at range for a few moments to hopefully break the orderly lines of Roman legionaries, once they had hook onto their scutums if they were even lucky to get in range…. They would send their sword armed troops into the ranks and wreck havoc.The Romans did not have crossbows. Despite claims it is so widespread, there hasn't been a single Roman crossbow that has been discovered to date if I recalled correctly.The Han crossbow could be fired out to 400 meters, penetrated shields easily, and generally iron/steel armor.The Romans employed sagitarii who used bows out to maybe 150 meters. Slingers 200/300.By the time, the testudo using Romans got into range to break out into a line formation to throw their pila and engage in hand to hand combat. They would have suffered way to many casualties to even hope to break a Han line.The scutum layering were generally okay against weaker bows that the Romans often faced until the Persians and Parthians who utterly decimated them. Carrhae saw the mobile horse archers just unleashing heavy arrows in an immobilized Legion, pinning their hands to their shield if not outright killing poor bastards who couldn't cover each other right.In such fashion, they couldn't swing much less stab with their gladius. Or effectively use their scutum in their combat.The idea Roman legionaries were good melee fighters is dispelled by Gaulish and Germanic barbarians constantly being told as ones who when fighting one v one against a legionary, they typically won and not Roman legionaries.Before the classic Imperial Roman battle tactics, Republican Romans fought like others. Meaning if you engage one on one in a massed formation battle, they typically suffered heavy losses if their troops weren't as experienced, ferocious, or skilled.Legionaries using heavy wooden gladii to train, stabbing and cutting and so forth on a dummy before fighting each other is not sufficient to say they are good in melee combat. Historical records of their battles with barbarians prove that in one on one combat they just weren't all that good.Also, if you mention a 15 year 36 year old veteran Roman legionary beating a 20s something Gaul or Germanic barbarian in single combat. What would you all think?If Romans were actually capable of ambushing a Han column, then maybe they will win.Otherwise, the tactics of Han troops using better weapons and armor will most likely winEdit:“Both Zemin Ma and Leto are wrong and biased. Both are only aware of their favored armies’ tactics and organization. Ok, so let’s compare them:Han Dynasty army: It was a *levied* infantry based pike-and-shot-esque military that very heavily relied on crossbow volleys. The infantry was mostly armed with polearms and had scale armor. During and after the wars with the Xiongnu (beta-version Mongols), they also had a decent cavalry arm, which was, however, not superior to the Roman equites and auxillary cavalry.The Roman Legion (5000 is roughly 1 legion): A *professional* military. It has better organization and way more versatile tactics. It’s mainstay unit is infantry armed with gladii and scutum shields. They wear lorica segmentata. They are extremely flexible, versatile, and can defeat the Chinese infantry. Their cavalry and missile units are mostly made up of auxillaries, who, contrary to the myth, Are Not Fodder. The Roman cavalry is thus mostly better than the Han one.Now to the battle: in real life, it would be quite anti-climatic. the Romans, looking to avoid casualties, would build something like this:A Castrum, a Roman military encampment. The Han army tries to take it, but is repelled and suffers losses. Then it goes away to attack an actually useful target, like a city.But sure, you want a field battle. But it’s impossible to nominate a clear winner here: there are waaay too many factors, including but not limited to:-terrain (rougher terrain would benefit the Romans; the Han couldn’t use their missile superiority, and polearms in rough terrain don’t work well against the Romans, see the Battle of Pydna)-weather-the commanders-tactics (the repertoire of the Han is dwarfed by the Romans, here).But generally, while i’m not downplaying the Han here, the Romans have a slight advantage in most fields: their infantry is stronger, their armor, shields and formations can minimize the (still substantial) losses caused by the Han crossbows, they are more versatile, have a wider range of tactics, and have equal or slightly better cavalry.The main advantage of the Han, are obviously crossbows, which cause the Romans losses, no matter what.Summarizing everything, the Romans win 6/10, with heavy losses.” - Barnabás FarkasSince he wants to slander me. I thought I should clarify his erroneous nonsense.First, is that I know more about the Roman Empire’s military than I do Han dynasty’s military.I grew up hearing about how great the Roman Empire’s military was. Whilst not much can be recovered regarding Han dynasty’s military until fairly recently and was not scrutinized to be fake.I was neither wrong nor biased nor both at the same time.If this individual is wrong; he simply can’t see his mistakes.“Both Zemin Ma and Leto are wrong and biased. Both are only aware of their favored armies’ tactics and organization. Ok, so let’s compare them:” - HimMy, is not necessarily wrong but it is also not bias from being wrong. It’s only bias from the strictest interpretation of what biases are. However, my answer is still valid and relevant therefore the kind of bias he refers too is moot.… Both are only aware of their favored armies’ tactics and organization? I didn’t even know the Han used 5 man units until last year. I have known the Roman Empire cohort was comprised of 480 men and 800 men. The smallest unit of Contubernium was 8! And I knew that for a while.The Han dynasty could mustered large armies for protracted periods of times because of more advanced agriculture. Seedtube laying and single grain planting farming.Think about this. The Han uses a 1 man to 5 man unit then 10, 50 sometimes but more likely 100 then 300 or 500, to 1000.Consult Wic Wong on this more, he’s more knowledgeable about this than I am.What was the Roman Empire’s organization like?1 man to 8 (Contubernium), to 10 Contubernium (Centuria) which is 80 men, 6 Centuria is 1 Cohort (480 men), the “First” Cohort was doubled strength at 160 men and there was 5 of these double strength cohorts. Which means 5,120 men. For a “typical” Legion.Later on in the Roman Empire’s military, they were typically only 3,000 men strong.A Roman army is 10 Legions or 200,000 men. Why do I use 200,000 men when that doesn’t add up? Because in the Mid to Late Republic, 200,000 was the entire Roman military and was de facto “the army”. Otherwise, you all will say I am slandering the Roman Empire’s military for being lower in number because their recruiting practices were worse. 51,200 troops for an army is already amazing.The Romans had only up to 500,000 Legionaries and auxiliaries.Just like Han China, they also faced various kinds of man power shortages from various reasons. When the Roman Empire was said to have ~680,000 troops later on near its collapse; those figures didn’t take into account the corruption of men pocketing pay for non-existing men, attrition, lack of those willing to sign up, and so forth.There are those who say the Han had 1 million men armies. I will say it now. I don’t believe it. And I am ethnically “Han” Chinese. The sources I read are translated works and they all imply the Han military was vast over many years. One of the sources I commonly cite isn’t even a primary source but it lists the amount of men muster for the Han-Xiongnu conflict to be ~12 million men for some few decades. Once, the Roman Empire’s numbers peaked to 500,000 it could basically only support that amount until it lowers to 300,000 nearing its collapse. Meaning every year, there was about 500,000 men in the Roman Empire’s military until they died, retired, or otherwise were no longer serving.So from what I have written above. Who still believes the Han used “larger masses of bodies” as so many cheap and uneducated morons like to repeat over and over again?The Han actually employed semi-professional and professional soldiers. But everybody thinks the Western Han’s 2 year conscription practice is just how the entire Han dynasty was like.That automatically disqualifies them from writing anything about how a Han vs Roman scenario will play out. Because they confuse their own points.I should also highlight this now. The scenario I wrote above is actually from the Han peak of Western Han starting about 133 B.C.E. while the Roman Empire’s military as I am thinking of it is the peaks of their times; Augustus, Trajan, and Marcus Aurelius. That’s some 207 years. While for the Han about 5 decades (133 BCE - 50 years = 83 BCE). Augustus was 107 years later than the Han peak. So think about it. The Han were stronger than the Romans 107 years before they reached military strength parity.Liu Bang, the Han founder had 320,000 or 300,000 to fight the Xiongnu at Baideng and that was 200 BCE. Whereas between 218 BCE and 216 BCE, the Romans lost so hard to Hannibal and Carthage. They could hardly conscript enough men to fill the Legions’ ranks.Liu Bang had actually decommissioned some troops because it was too expensive to afford such upkeep when the realm had just been through a harsh civil war (Chu-Han Contention in English).Whereas I hinted that the Ji was no longer being used by the Han. I am not sure when the Ji completely fell out of use or just generally standard issued wise. But the dao and shield or jian and shield armed troops are actually more prominent than the Ji/lamellar armor combo so depicted commonly. That was inherited from the Qin dynasty and by 133 BC, things have already changed.I also wrote that so as to reflect the experiences and abilities of the Han infantrymen, giving them some disadvantages as well as acting upon their fortitudes - the same as the Roman legionaries.And to conclude just this tiny excerpt of his, he didn’t compare shit because he wasn’t critical. I omitted many things out of my answer because I am tired of all the uneducated nonsense being spewed forth and I couldn’t bother correcting them all over and over again. So I skip the necessary foundation for uneducated morons to understand why I wrote what I did, the way I did.“Han Dynasty army: It was a *levied* infantry based pike-and-shot-esque military that very heavily relied on crossbow volleys. The infantry was mostly armed with polearms and had scale armor. During and after the wars with the Xiongnu (beta-version Mongols), they also had a decent cavalry arm, which was, however, not superior to the Roman equites and auxillary cavalry.” - HimSmh. His oversimplification is what triggered me to finally write this. He obviously doesn’t know the Han military. So he used an over generalization.The 2 year conscription system wasn’t like a standard militia system as many uncritically see it. They were trained for an entire year before serving 1 year of service. And that was how their two years went up. From then on however, they were obligated to always answer the call to muster. The Han had a large pool of able and generally young men to employ such intensively trained men to follow orders, fight, recognize formations, and so forth.Quick search shows the U.S. Army has a 4 months to 5.5 months long Basic Combat Training regime. AIT is up to 7 months. Added all together, is that not 1 year as well? The necessary amount of training is different between these two time periods. But realize that discrepancy.Supposedly, the Rei De Militarei or however you spell the damn thing says Roman legionaires are initially trained for 4 months only. They serve 25 years and they are given further training over the course of that time, supposedly. Which means, they aren't as intensively trained as people think.The standard operating procedure for the Han’s “glory” is plaster over the entire history of the Han military. Yet if they knew anything, when the Han was at its peak military strength. It’s core power was actually mounted crossbowmen who fired horse crossbows that shot farther than the Xiongnu’s bows then. Huo Qubing and Wei Qing launched mounted raids and invasions into Xiongnu steppes. Do you understand how stupid it is to bring shot and pike with crossbow formations into that vast land where resupplying is horrendously hard?To beat the nomads at their own game; you needed able cavalrymen, good leaders, and tenacious troops. Military wagons certainly helped. Wagon forts is mentioned prominently in these campaigns.And here is where I am utterly angered by this individual nonsense. Scale armor? The Han mainly used lamellar armor. Scale shouldn’t even be mentioned by him as I have yet to see scale armor being mentioned more or otherwise dug up than lamellar armor.This is a Western/Eastern Han lamellar reproduction.Everyone else posts drawn pictures of nonsense. They call Heavy Han infantryman thisThese are light Han infantrymen. They serve another purpose all together.These are what early Western Han soldiers/cavalrymen wore.You really going to confuse this, you imbeciles?Han cavalry was superior to Roman equites and not necessarily auxiliary horse.The Han cavalry charged and fought the Xiongnu in melee and won like in the battle with Tuqi? King of the Left douche named guy.Whereas the Romans relied on auxiliary for many different reasons. One, them not being as good as their barbarian auxiliary. Two, their Equites did decently but got a bad reputation and since they were expensive to raise up yourself - you might as well hire someone else.Eventually because of the developing situation, the cavalry arm grew and became better and more prominent but that was centuries later to the peaks of the times I mention. In these three Emperor’s time, a Legion of 5,000 men had how many cavalry? I read ~480 to ~800 out of 5,120 men. How many ranged troops? Just as few. The rest pila throwing Legionaries. I will get into how useless this set up is against a standard 5,000 men Han unit.This moron didn’t compare the Germanic cavalry, Gaulish cavalry, and so forth other peoples’ cavalry to the Xiongnu who often served if paid well enough or were convinced to fight for the Han. Xiongnu horse archers and melee Han cavalrymen who used single stirrups and possibly in combination with a saddle. Tried that with no stirrups at all and blankets huh? By the Second Punic’s War, Rome was still riding on top of horses with blankets and no stirrups. 70 years later? The Han getting saddles and single step stirrups. Prospective Han cavalrymen sat on this weird wooden device kind of like a modern day bull machine to train. Sedentary people trying to match nomads in horsemenship? What a joke! How do you bridge that gap not in a life time but a few years? Superior innovation! Now fast forward to these three’s times. When did the Romans get saddles with stirrups? NEVER. They collapsed before that happen. Han shock cavalry was definitely better than Roman shock cavalry.“The Roman Legion (5000 is roughly 1 legion): A *professional* military.” - HimThe ROMAN MILITARY is ‘professional’. The Roman Legion is only a tactical formation within the Roman military. Get that right. Smh. And calling them professional was a stretch. Paid regularly and still were so undisciplined so many times out of the entire Roman military’s times.“It has better organization and way more versatile tactics”- HimFrom what I had read thanks to Wic Wong, that is not so. Consult Wic Wong’s posts regarding whose formations and tactics were more advanced/sophisticated. Better organization? How. Go ahead. Dive into it please. From what I read, they were generally even once you compared pros and cons.Romans went from hoplite phalanx, to maniple, then cohorts because they were shit to innovate in tactics before getting their asses handed to them. Luckily, the threats they faced weren’t as huge as say 200,000 nomad or even 500,000 nomad cavalry. Cannae… Bai Qi or was it Wu Qi, did that long before Hannibal. On a even grander scale.“It’s mainstay unit is infantry armed with gladii and scutum shields” - HimShort swords, and 10 pounds to 22 pounds composite layered shields. Neither of which outranges the Han dao or jian and shields being able to block Han bows or Han crossbows. Much less fare decently against Han shields (which design was more suited for immediate melee combat).If Han infantrymen used hookshields in a Legion’s ranks. The Legionary couldn’t even protect himself properly.Common mistake is that all of the barbarians were naked. In fact, the lower level troops wore clothing and whatever armor they could. More prominent - those that have fought in combat, are veterans, and earned loot; could afford mail armor. They were typically described as 5′8 to 5′11 tall. The average height of Romans was 5′4. So this depiction is actually of an Imperial Roman Legionary (elite) vs a 20s or 30s something barbarian.Before someone writes some nonsense. Both the Han dao and Han jian can be use to stab.The evolution of shields in China — Part 1: Shang to HanThe evolution of shields in China part 1https://greatmingmilitary.blogspot.com/2018/05/evolution-of-shields-in-china-part-1.html“They wear lorica segmentata”- HimOnly for their Legionaries. Their cavalry wore mail armor if I remember correctly. And their ranged alae would be lucky if they had mail armor much less lorica segmentata.“They are extremely flexible, versatile, and can defeat the Chinese infantry” - HimIt’s because of how uneducated he is. He would say this. Either than “can defeat….” everything else is up for debate or outright wrong. Extremely flexible? The entire cohort idea is made to be a bedrock for an even larger formation. Yet Legions still weren’t enough. Contained within 5,120 men nominally is around 800 cavalry at most and the ranged troops just about the same. ~3,520 men were infantry melee based Legionaries. The ranged troops typically auxiliary. I don’t know just how many of that 3,520 are engineers, cooks, logistics, and so forth. But melee combat strength should be about 3,000 in all cases whatsoever while then those reserve components I mentioned could just as easily serve in combat as well.“Their cavalry and missile units are mostly made up of auxillaries, who, contrary to the myth, Are Not Fodder” - HimI don’t know where his idea of the myth that auxiliary cavalry and ranged troops were cannon fodder. I haven’t heard of it myself.Auxiliary cavalry were almost always better in reputation compared to Roman equites. Ranged troops are a needed component for combined arms warfare. They are very valuable. However, the standard or given effectiveness for such ranged troops by maximum range was typically 150 meters for archers employed, and 200/300 for slingers. The early Han bows shot out to 150 meters. Whilst crossbows could go up to 400 meters. Horse crossbows at least 180 meters. Pila max effective range was 90 meters because the Romans didn’t use atlatl devices. However, these were usually thrown at 30 meters and less right before melee combat.“The Roman cavalry is thus mostly better than the Han one” -HimThus, he is mostly made up of shit. Bullshit to be more precise! Roman cavalry often loses out to other peoples’ cavalries when they fought. They employed those people as cavalry precisely because they were poorer cavalrymen. In contrast, the Han had to fight in melee vs a nomad enemy, the Xiongnu. Who obviously are better horsemen than the Romans and were at least as good to the Numidians, Scythians, Parthians, and so forth. He also ignores how the Han had saddles and single foot stirrups long before the Romans did. If a Roman cavalryman with mail armor and a lance were to charge a Han cavalryman with lamellar armor and a lance. Who do you think comes out on top?In melee combat, do you really think the Roman cavalry was really all that good? Once, the Han gets Ferghana horses. How do you think the Romans would fare?“Now to the battle: in real life, it would be quite anti-climatic. the Romans, looking to avoid casualties, would build something like this:” - HimAnd this shows just how stupid he is. Nobody is stupid enough to immediately go into siege warfare.III: Planning A SiegeIII: Planning A Siege The general rule for use of the military is that it is better to keep a nation intact than to destroy it. It is better to keep an army intact than to destroy it, better to keep a division intact than to destroy it, better to keep a battalion intact than to destroy it, better to keep a unit intact than to destroy it. Therefore those who win every battle are not really skillful -- those who render others' armies helpless without fighting are the best of all. The superior militarist strikes while schemes are being laid. The next best is to attack alliances. The next best is to attack the army. The lowest is to attack a city. Siege of a city is only done as a last resort. Take three months to prepare your machines and three months to complete your siege engineering. If the general cannot overcome his anger and has his army swarm over the citadel, killing a third of his soldiers, and yet the citadel is still not taken, this is a disastrous attack. Therefore one who is good at martial arts overcomes others' forces without battle, conquers others' cities without siege, destroys others' nations without taking a long time. It is imperative to contest all factions for complete victory, so the army is not garrisoned and the profit can be total. This is the law of strategic siege. So the rule for use of the military is that if you outnumber the opponent ten to one, then surround them; five to one, attack; two to one, divide. If you are equal, then fight if you are able. If youare fewer, then keep away if you are able. If you are not as good, then flee if you are able. Therefore if the smaller side is stubborn, it becomes the captive of the larger side. Generals are assistants of the nation. When their assistance is complete, the country is strong. When their assistance is defective, the country is weak. So there are three ways in which a civil leadership causes the military trouble. When a civil leadership unaware of the facts tells its armies to advance when it should not, or tells its armies to retreat when it should not, this is called tying up the armies. When the civil leadership is ignorant of military affairs but shares equally in the government of the armies, the soldiers get confused. When the civil leadership is ignorant of military maneuvers but shares equally in the command of the armies, the soldiers hesitate. Once the armies are confused and hesitant, trouble comes from competitors. This is called taking away victory by deranging the military. So there are five ways of knowing who will win. Those who know when to fight and when not to fight are victorious. Those who discern when to use many or few troops are victorious. Those whose upper and lower ranks have the same desire are victorious. Those whose generals are able and are not constrained by their governments are victorious. These five are the ways to know who will win. So it is said that if you know others and know yourself, you will not be imperilehttps://web.mit.edu/~dcltdw/AOW/3.htmlCastra were typically rebuilt fortification from immediate camps built after campaigning (marching somewhere).With wooden walls, you don’t think the Han had siege engines capable of lobbying fire based projectiles at your wooden fortifications?The ones with more permanent fortification became Roman colonies. The foundation of cities.So, the idea is the Han would allow a Roman Legion to march 40km in a day into Han lands, build a castra without harassing them, and then assault a fortified position after. Who is the one writing nonsense now? Or are you saying, the Legion would immediately garrison a castra in anticipation of a Han attack because they were scared? The Imperial Romans changed their tactics to what they did, because they couldn’t afford the attrition against all the Germanic barbarians. Do you really think that’s the same here for the Han?You also overglorify the ability of the castra.To say nothing of knowing that the Han also built such fortifications and also use wagon forts.“A Castrum, a Roman military encampment. The Han army tries to take it, but is repelled and suffers losses. Then it goes away to attack an actually useful target, like a city.” - HimSmh. I’m just not going to bother about his retarded nut size brain. Refer back up to MIT weblink.“But sure, you want a field battle. But it’s impossible to nominate a clear winner here: there are waaay too many factors, including but not limited to:-terrain (rougher terrain would benefit the Romans; the Han couldn’t use their missile superiority, and polearms in rough terrain don’t work well against the Romans, see the Battle of Pydna)” - HimHe overgeneralizes and shows he has almost no understanding of cold arms.Why do you think the Han employed light infantrymen? To exactly fight in such conditions. How do you think the Han were able to fight in the South against the Yue? And Viets? Those peoples were good melee fighters. Shanyue were hill or mountainous “barbarians”. They remind me of the Samnites and so forth that the Romans had to learn maniples from?03:14 03:20 03:33These kind of productions are always going to have some kind of problem. It’s not going to be 100% accurate. However, notice the infantry blocks? It’s simply impossible to expect a hundreds of thousand+ army to march in one line.Polearms in rough terrain don’t work well against the Romans, see Pydna? Are the Han Ji infantrymen phalanxes? Or sarissa phlangites? The Ji (not Ge) could be swung down, pulled back, then stab forwarded with in a smooth motion that was extremely dangerous.Locate the Ji. These polearms’ length went up to sarissa lengths.Now, think how they would have use these in battle. Do you think when I wrote “The frontline would switch to long arms to engage at range for a few moments to hopefully break the orderly lines of Roman legionaries, once they had hook onto their scutums if they were even lucky to get in range”I was wrong to write it this way?“weather-the commanders-tactics (the repertoire of the Han is dwarfed by the Romans, here).” - HimSmh. Both could check on the weather and make plans to fight each other accordingly, what. Could only the Romans read the weather and the Han must be puny good for nothing yellow chinks who wouldn’t read the weather? Zhuge Liang in the time just before Three Kingdoms period, predicted the weather and helped gave a good time frame for the Wu naval forces to launch a fire attack on Cao Cao’s forces at Red Cliffs.Unlike the Romans, the Han could actually bother attacking in rain, snow, heat, and so forth if they were prepared for it. If the Han wanted to attack in rain and made preparations as such, what would the Romans had do? Dig into their castra and hunker down because their anti personnel siege weapons were useless in such weather? If the Han marched in rain or the Legion marched in rain, say a heavy downpour and it was hard to march or see ahead. And the Han used crossbows or bows and engaged the Legion in a crossfire. How well do you think the Legion would fare in such an ambush? Reverse that, Han marching in the heavy down pour rain, and the Legion tried to ambush a Han column, how would they go about it? How likely would it succeed?Commanders? Contrary to popular belief, mid level commanders or lower level commanders were not good for nothings. They typically earned their commission as the saying would go today. They didn’t have the wealth, status, or connection to be appointed to the upper ranks. Similar to how a centurion might have came to be in a Legion. Who are ‘they’? Why, the Han commanders of course!If you looked for the higher level commanders of both. Both were very political. Often appointed by decree not exactly because of their ability but because they could maneuver into those positions. However, from what I have read. Very few Han generals were very good, few were good, most were decent or bordering bad on what a general entails. Some or few were bad (these types of people are actually very prominent in official histories because they both served as lessons of examples not to be and to be ridiculed to serve as a placating effect for the “anger” that arises in historians as they chronicled these peoples’ injustice to the Han).So, let me state this now. There were just as many bad high level commanders in the Imperial Roman military as there was in the Han’s military throughout the Han dynasty’s time.Tactics. Dwarfed. I really want to strangle his uneducated ass. He doesn’t seem to understand while the Romans ever hardly ever depicted, told, or claimed to use fire or water attacks. It’s a common staple in Chinese history. Conquest of Wei, flood to defeat the capital. Red Cliffs, Yue Jin or Yu Jin was involved in one. Burning entire forests to entrap an enemy army and let nature takes it course can potentially wipe out an entire army of tens of thousands. Is testudo, really that great? Do you really think the Wu Gui is that hard to replicate? John Woo’s Red Cliffs mocks it then.Go to Wic Wong’s answers and seek out his knowledge on Chinese formations and tactics. Don’t embarrass yourselves like this individual does.24:24 Is just one enactment of a potential array formation. Unfortunately, this battle scene was extremely unrealistic in some aspects.25:39 This is only effective if you had a lot of forces. Don’t know why he switched to this.26:01 Thanks to King Wuling’s reforms starting 307 B.CE., the State of Zhao/ Kingdom of Zhao/ Zhao Kingdom is the major user of horse archers between the largely 7 major States durring the Warring States period.Above is thanks to Wic Wong.Here’s how the standard Imperial tactics of the Roman Empire’s peak was.Legion marches to enemy territory (punitive preemptive strike).Gets into a pitch battle like a moron would.Aligned in orderly and solid battle lines.Anti personnel siege weapons open fire taking down as many and disrupting barbarians while demoralizing them.Sagitarii and other range auxiliary keeps on loosing projectiles doing the same.Legionary walks forward (marches forward). Before coming into contact they would throw pila or plumbata. These were designed to maim or otherwise disable shields. They only effective out to 90 meters. Don’t forget that. Then they either engage in first melee combat in orderly shield aligned formations to break the barbarians or relied upon mutatio. Which means the “flow” of battle is very “settled”. Something that is bad if you went up ahead against a Han army.And that was that. Roman cavalry fought off their counterpart cavalry, flank to attack the enemy from behind. Or rode to destroy enemy supply lines. Don’t think Gladiator with Russel Crowe. You would be stupid to.Here’s Han military.Early Western Han near Qin dynasty’s times. Massed Ji or Ge infantry with lamellar or simple armor. Engages enemies when melee fighting. Before that crossbowmen and archer looses as much as they can before and during battle. Few cavalry to act as “vanguard” or shock cavalry. They attacked supply lines or tried to ride off enemy’s cavalry off the field of battle then come back to attack vulnerable enemy positions like the Romans would.Later, around Han Wudi’s times, around the start of the Han-Xiongnu conflicts.Better lamellar armor, better weapons (some steel and not just iron). Crossbows formations like the pike and shot the imbecile writes. Wagon forts. Long supply trains of horse/oxen drawn wagons or otherwise other animals. Shock cavalry raids (on larger scenarios, basically invasions). Dao and shield or jian and shield light Han infantrymen.Later on, even better weapons and armor, elaborate strategies. Formations and tactics.Look up Han Xin of the Western Han. Then tell me if Rome could go match up to Han toe to toe in their respective times. Qin’s Wang Jian. Qin’s Bai Qi. Warring States’ Wu Qi. Warring States’ Sun Bin. Wu’s Sun Zi. Qin’s Meng family generals. Han dynasty’s Huo Qubing and Wei Qing. And so forth.“But generally, while i’m not downplaying the Han here, the Romans have a slight advantage in most fields: their infantry is stronger, their armor, shields and formations can minimize the (still substantial) losses caused by the Han crossbows, they are more versatile, have a wider range of tactics, and have equal or slightly better cavalry.” - HimCompletely wrong. He is downplaying the Han tremendously.Slight advantage in most fields? Infantry is stronger, armor, shields, and formations? He is wrong on all fronts.Refer to Joshua Gani’s on armor and shields. Both for their opinions regarding the infantry generally. And Wic Wong on formations.He’s completely dumb when regarding casualties. He thinks this is Rome 2 or some shit. The values subtract “cleanly” so people either instantly die or they do not.The crossbows would penetrate and pin the scutum to the Legionary’s hand if it didn’t outright penetrate, “normalize” or bend and hit the legionary’s armor underneath if he was the guy raising up shields for a testudo or behind the scutum as he presented a shield forward.Refer to Youtube on various tests regarding shields and armor vs range weapons and melee weapons. See how they fare.Cassius Dio - Book 40Cassius Dio Roman History Thayer's Note: Before e-mailing me with questions, comments, or corrections involving the numbering of Books, chapters, and sections in this text, please read the orientation page . Book XL p407 The following is contained in the Fortieth of Dio's Rome:— 1. How Caesar for the second time sailed across to Britain (chaps. 1‑3). 2. How Caesar, returning from Britain, again engaged in war with the Gauls (chaps. 4‑11). 3. How Crassus began to carry on war with the Parthians (chaps. 12, 13). 4. About the Parthians (chaps. 14, 15). 5. How Crassus was defeated by them and perished (chaps. 16‑30). 6. How Caesar subjugated the whole of Transalpine Gaul (chaps. 31‑44). 7. How Milo killed Clodius and was condemned (chaps. 48 f., 54). 8. Caesar and Pompey began to be at variance (chaps. 59‑66). Duration of time, the remainder of the consulship of Domitius and Appius Claudius, together with four additional years, in which there were the magistrates (consuls) here enumerated:— B.C. 53 Cn. Domitius M. F. Calvinus, M. Valerius . . . Messalla. 52 Cn. Pompeius Cn. F. Magnus (III), C. Caecilius Metellus Scipio Nasicae F. 51 Servius Sulpicius Q. F. Rufus, M. Claudius M. F. Marcellus. 50 L. Aemilius M. F. Paulus, C. Claudius C. F. Marcellus. 1 1 These were the occurrences in Rome while the city was passing through its seven-hundredth year. In Gaul during the year of these same consuls, Lucius Domitius and Appius Claudius, Caesar among other p409 undertakings constructed ships of a style half-way between his own swift vessels and the native ships of burden, endeavouring to make them at once as light and as seaworthy as possible and capable of being left high and dry without injury. 2 When the weather became fit for sailing, he crossed over again to Britain, giving as his excuse that the people of that country, thinking that he would never make trial of them again because he had once retired empty-handed, had not sent all the hostages they had promised; but the truth of the matter was that he mightily coveted the island, so that he would certainly have found some other pretext, if this had not offered itself. 3 He came to land at the same place as before, no one daring to oppose him because of the number of his ships and the fact that they approached many points on the shore at the same time; and he straightway got possession of the harbour. 2 1 The barbarians, then, for the reason stated were unable to hinder his approach, and being more afraid than before, because he had come with a larger army, they carried away all their most valuable things into the most wooded and overgrown portions of the neighbouring country. 2 After they had put them in safety by cutting down the surrounding wood and piling more upon it row after row until their goods were in a sort of stockade, they proceeded to annoy the Romans' foraging parties. Indeed, after being defeated in a certain battle on open ground they drew the invaders in pursuit to their retreat, and kilhttps://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/E/Roman/Texts/Cassius_Dio/40*.html“The missiles falling thick upon them from all sides at once struck down many by a mortal blow, rendered many useless for battle, and caused distress to all. They flew into their eyes and pierced their hands and all the other parts of their body and, penetrating their armour, deprived them of their protection and compelled them to expose themselves to each new missile. 5 Thus, while a man was guarding against arrows or pulling out one that had stuck fast he received more wounds, one after another. Consequently it was impracticable for them to move, and impracticable to remain at rest. Neither course afforded them safety but each was fraught with destruction, the one because it was out of their power, and the other because they were then more easily wounded. “ 22–4 Paragraph end“Finally, as the enemy continually assaulted them from all sides at once, and they were compelled to protect their exposed parts by the shields of those who stood beside them, they were shut up in so narrow a place that they could no longer move. Indeed, they could not even get a sure footing by reason of the number of corpses, but kept falling over them. 4 The heat and thirst (it was midsummer and this action took place at noon) and the dust, of which the barbarians raised as much as possible by all riding around them, told fearfully upon the survivors, and many succumbed from these causes, even though unwounded.” - 23–3 Middle paragraphThat was against heavy arrows of Parthian horse archers. What design were these bows? Arrow tip type. Weight. Bow materials? Poundage?Eastern Han infantry could shoot bows out to 200 meters max. Typically around 150 meters and less though.Western Han. I wouldn’t know. I do know the horse crossbow shot out to 180 meters and had a decent fire rate of 3–4 (at least).Don’t forget this was 53 B.C.E. Western Han bows most likely shot out to 150 meters for infantry arms.So when a standard 6 dan crossbow (translated as 380 pounds) of the Han dynasty that could be fired out to 400 meters, penetrated blocks of wood easily, and generally penetrating iron/steel armor at 65 meters and less for sure. While sometimes these crossbows could penetrate at slightly higher ranges.How do you think that would fare?So how well do you think Roman sagitarii would fare against Han lamellar equipped troops? This armor piece wasn’t entirely accurate.But I know “lorica segmentata” is far worse off. I can find almost no testing done against them whatsoever. And even still of the ones being done (very untrustworthy because of all the wrong things being done) they fare poorly.So backtracking to what this was replying to. The Han had light. medium, and heavy infantry often superior to the Romans in any given period of time of which they existed. Same for range infantry buuuut the Han has crossbowmen while the Romans do not. Engineers? Both had them. Siege weapons? Both had them. Some have even dived into Roman siege weapons and compared them to Han ones. Guess who came out on top?Cavalry? The Romans themselves were much less cavalrymen compared to Han cavalrymen. However, if you were to bring into play say Numidian cavalry, Gaul cavalry, Germanic cavalry, Companion cavalry, Parthian cavalry, Scythian cavalry. Then eh. Han loses out in terms of life experience for sure. Effectiveness in large grand scale battles? Who can definitively say the Han would lose when the Han-Xiongu conflict proves the Western Han were better. Attila the Hun had a core of 3,000 to 8,000 Hunnic cavalry. Yet the Roman Empire couldn’t respond effectively to him and his invading hordes. Remember the time difference. Phew. 200,000 to 500,000 cavalry in 200 BCE. 3,000 to 8,000 between 434 C.E. to 453 CE.Ooooh wait, the Roman Empire was in decline and Western Han was just about to begin its rise of power once again that it had suffered under by the Xiongnu a few decades before. How did the Han ever so oust the Xiongnu between 133 BCE and 89 CE so that the Xiongnu maybe the forebears of the Huns?The Han-Xiongnu conflict was multitude greater harsher than the Germanic barbarian situation the Roman Empire faced. But nobody cares about that.Once your shields are pinned to your hands with bolts and arrows, how well do you fight in melee? That famed “better Roman infantry” against sturdy just as well armored if not better Han infantry who is trained in the Qin dynasty’s fashion? Please.Therefore, this entire excerpt of his is complete nonsense. He didn’t even bother to use his brain but I have to use mine on overload. Smh.“The main advantage of the Han, are obviously crossbows, which cause the Romans losses, no matter what.” - HimSigh. I really wish there weren’t so many dumbasses. He chops it up to that the Han had only one advantage over the Romans.Main advantage?So basically, before you had gotten into effective range to stab into a Han swordsman, he could stab first.The Han used longer weapons than the Imperial Romans, meaning regarding “uneven terrain” - the Romans would have a harder time to engage in melee combat with their shorter gladius.Han crossbows fired out to 400 meters which is way more than which the Romans can put out against if it’s infantry forces vs infantry forces. Fired at a rate of 2–3 a minute. 3–4 a minute for horse crossbows which fired out to 180 meters at least.Slingers need a wider space to swing their slings if they don’t want to hit themselves and completely suppressing themselves without the enemy doing it for them. Which means less concentrated fire.Han archers vs Roman sagitarii… it’s known that since the Republic’s time; Romans were not good archers. That’s why Gaulish archers, Germanic archers, North African archers, Cretan archers, and Syrian archers are such prominent auxiliary units.Logistics. 7 days worth of food, 22 pounds lorica segmentata or lorica hamata, arms, and others. Try marching with that for 40 km a day under the Roman diet. Not pleasant. Large naval resupply fleets. Mediocre fighting navy.Han army. Marches with arms and armor. Food is on supply trains consisting of oxen driven wagons or horse if lucky. Mules are also use. Carts. Wheelbarrows later on. The Han navy is eh just like the Roman navy is. But they fill similar roles. I won’t get into why Eastern Han naval vessels are better than Imperial Roman vessels though.Han cavalry had saddles with stirrups compare to Imperial Roman cavalry with what?Read about Huo Qubing and Wei Qing’s ride through Xiongnu lands. The conditions and how harsh that was. Then make note of the distance in how many days.Compare that to Imperial Roman cavalry.There’s almost no advantage the Romans have per se. Not even in the larger sense.“Summarizing everything, the Romans win 6/10, with heavy losses.” - Barnabás Farkas”Hence summarizing up everything, the Romans would lose at least 6 out of 10 times, with heavy losses in all cases whatsoever by this dumbass, his courtesy - Barnabas Farkas.If a Legion marches forward to engage a Han line, 30% of the 5,000 had crossbows and bows. Which is 1,500. Crossbows fired out to 400 meters at a rate of 2–4. Bows 150 meters 6–12 a minute. The average man today jogs 100 meters in 27 seconds.A legionary has to form testudo, march, locked in tight, and under a pace about 10% the speed of a jogger. I once gave a good figure of 34 seconds for a Legionary to travel to a Han line and that was like me giving them Hermes fucking boots, Zeus gave them balls of lightning and Aphrodite giving them a bunch of fucking male want to fuck everything power, and Ares fucking blood lust. Do you really think that happens?The 60 scorpio would be exchanging fire with 1,500 Han range troops. Who do you think would win out?By the time the sagitarii would get into range and help out, the Han would also suppress them. Slingers would get into range to help out before the sagitarii. All in all, the Han has overwhelming firepower and that’s me not including in siege weaponry.By the time a testudo using Legion could get into range, their range component is either completely suppressed or devastated.Han cavalry would fare well against Roman cavalry and neither could expect to be utterly beaten without the help of others.So that leaves cohorts of legionaries broken and battered with arrows and crossbow arrows or bolts stucked all over the legionaries’ bodies, armor, and scutum. How well do you think they would fare against sturdy Han infantry after all that?If the Han were advancing instead, wouldn’t they just get into range suppressed the Roman’s range components yet again. Han infantry with Ji would surge forward and utterly start hacking at the legionaries while under fire from slingers, sagitarii, and scorpios if they could? That’s not even including the dao and shield or jian and shield arm troops. Examine a dao or jian vs gladius. Scutum vs shuang hu dun. Then dao and shuang hu dun vs gladius and scutum scenario. Jian and shuang hu dun vs gladius and scutum scenario.The legionary pila is not going to be as effective as the times they typically used it.If they break testudo to arraign in a battle line to wait a charging Han battle line to throw their pila before the clash. Then they would get utterly devastated by a single volley of arrows and bolts like how they expected pila to fare against an imminent clash as they do with others using pila.If you don’t break testudo, you are all compacted like at Carrhae and surrounded by approximately 3,500 Han infantry.I end this with one piece of advice. Don’t believe nonsense. Use your brain and figure things out. If somebody is repeating something over and over again. It either indicates he could be medically diagnose as retarded or he doesn’t actually know any better.Have a good year