Aging Services Of California 2007 Annual Conference: Fill & Download for Free

It depends on what's the definition for highly successful people. Is it just news makers (and trouble makers) or real achievers?There are numerous achievers within the state in many spheres throughout history, but below here are list of eminent & well known names in India in recent history.These are in addition to Yugandhara Srīshā 's post.HERE IS THE LIST OF SOME FAMOUS TELUGU PEOPLE well known in INDIA.Heads of StateSarvepalli.Radhakrishnan - 2nd President of India & First Vice-President of India. More renowned in west as a prominent scholar on religion, philosophy etc and Vice-Chancellor in numerous Universities.One of India's most distinguished twentieth-century scholars of comparative religion and philosophy, his academic appointments included the King George V Chair of Mental and Moral Science at the University of Calcutta (1921–1932) and Spalding Professor of Eastern Religion and Ethics at University of Oxford (1936–1952).(Birthday celebrated as TEACHERS DAY - 5 September)V. V. Giri - 4th President of India & more notable for his long active career in Employee Trade Union movement and long time All India Trade Union Congress (AITUC) President.Neelam Sanjiva Reddy - 6th President of India Long time Congress Minister, 2 time Lok Sabha speaker & Chief Minister of AP. President elect by Moraji Desai's Janatha Government.P.V.Narasimha Rao – Former Prime Minster of India, who at last opened the economy of India. Long-time cabinet Minister and former Chief Minister of Andhra Pradesh. He is often referred to as the "Father of Indian Economic Reforms", He led an important administration, overseeing a major economic transformation and several home incidents affecting national security of India and saw the end of security threats in Punjab, Jammu Kashmir, Assam and LTTE in Tamil Nadu. India's economy thereafter would grow to double digit levels from the early 1-2% annual growth.Rao's mother tongue was Telugu and had an excellent command of Marathi. In addition to seven Indian languages (Telugu, Hindi, Oriya, Marathi, Bengali, Gujarati, Tamil and Urdu), he spoke English, French, Arabic, Spanish, German and Persian.Rao's term as Prime Minister was an eventful one in India's history .Global Technology IndustryIn addition to Sahtya Nadella of MicrosoftShantanu Narayen - CEO of Adobe Systems. Prior to this post, he held the role as the President and Chief Operating Officer since 2005. He is also the President of the board of the Adobe Foundatio, Board of Directior in Dell Inc. on the advisory board of the Haas School of Business, University of California, Berkeley.Born in Hyderabad,completed his schooling in Hyderabad Public School and obtained BS in electronics engineeringfrom Osmania University, Hyderabad, a MBA from the University of California, Berkeley, and a MS in computer science from Bowling Green State University in Bowling Green, Ohio.Started his Apple. Later moved to Silicon Graphics to serve as director of desktop and collaboration, then co-founded Pictra Inc., a company that pioneered the concept of digital photo sharing over the Internet.Narayen joined Adobe in 1998 as a senior Vice-President, and appointed to his current post in January 2005 at the age of 41.Padmasree Warrior - Currently CEO of NextEV, an electric vehicle company and was called the "Queen of the Electric Car Biz" by Fortune magazine. She was former Chief Technology & Strategy Officer (CTO) of Cisco Systems (till mid 2015), and prior to that was CTO of Motorola, Inc. In 2014, she was listed as the 71st most powerful woman in the world by Forbes. Warrior was born and raised in the city of Vijayawada, Andhra Pradesh. After completing her schooling at Children's Montessori School and Maris Stella College in Vijayawada she graduated in B-Tech-Chemical Engineering from(IIT) Indian Institute of Technology, Delhi in 1982. Later moved to USA and has an MS in Chemical Engineering from Cornell University. Fortune Magazine called her one of four rising stars on its Most Powerful Women list.Vijaya Gadde - Twitter's Board Member Legal Counsel.Indian-born Gadde, the only woman on Twitter’s executive team, says the most important aspect of her job is allowing as much content to flow freely while respecting local laws.A graduate of Cornell undergrad and NYU’s law school, Gadde previously spent close to a decade at the Silicon Valley law firm Wilson Sonsini Goodrich & Rosati.Dhivya Suryadevara - General Motors Vice-President, Finance and Treasurer . Also CEO and Chief Investment Officer of GM Asset Management.She is head of GM's global treasury operations, including capital planning, capital market activities, worldwide banking and participates in business development, risk management and investor relations.RBI GovernorsDuvvuri Subbarao - RBI Governor (2008-13)Y. Venugopal Reddy - RBI Governor (2003-8)Special ContributorsPingali Venkayya - Indian freedom fighter and the designer of the flag on which the Indian national flag was based.Bhandaru Acchamamba (1874 – 1905) –Pioneer in women's movement pioneers and regarded as one of the early feminist historians in India. Acchamamba studied Telugu, English and Hindi classics under her brother's guidance and became knowledgeable in literature and women's issues. She wrote several biographies of Telugu and British women, which laid path for future historians. Her several short stories reflect the social conditions of her times and women's issues. Her most popular writing was a volume of biographies of 34 women, known as Abaala Saccharitra Ratnamala.V. V. Lakshmi Narayana was a former Joint Director for India's Central Bureau of InvestigationNyapathi Subba Rao Pantulu ( 1856 – 1941) was an Indian politician and social activist who served as a member of the Madras Legislative Council between 1893 and 1909. He was one of the founders of The Hindu newspaper.Music & ArtsSaint Thyagaraja - Kakarla Tyagabrahmam (1767 - 1847), also known as Tyāgayya in Telugu, Tyāgarājar in Tamil, was one of the greatest composers of Carnatic music or Indian classical music. A prolific composer and highly influential in the development of the classical music tradition (Carnatic Music). Tyagaraja composed thousands of devotional compositions, most in praise of Lord Rama, many of which remain popular today.[Of special mention are five of his compositions called the Pancharatna Kritis( English: "five gems"), which are often sung in programs in his honour.In addition to nearly surviving 700 compositions (kritis), Tyagaraja composed two musical plays in Telugu, the Prahalada Bhakti Vijayam and the Nauka Charitam.Tyagaraja Aradhana, the commemorative music festival is held every year at Thiruvaiyaru, Tanjore, Tamil Nadu in the months of January to February in Tyagaraja's honour. This is a week-long festival of music where various Carnatic musicians from all over the world converge at his resting place. On the Pushya Bahula Panchami, thousands of people and hundreds of Carnatic musicians sing the five Pancharatna Kritis in unison, with the accompaniment of a large bank of accompanists on veenas, violins, flutes, nadasvarams, mridangams andghatams.A crater on the planet Mercury is named Tyagaraja.M. Balamurali Krishna - Carnatic vocalist, multi-instrumentalist, playback singer, composer and actor. He was awarded the Padma Vibhushan, India's second-highest civilian honour, for his contribution towards Indian Art. He was made Chevalier of the Ordre des Arts et des Lettres by the French Government in 2005.***There are too many that would make a very exhaustive list.Technocrats, Scholars & ScientistsVisvesvaraya - Notable engineer, scholar, statesman & Diwan of Mysore. His birthday 15 September is celeberated as "Engineers Day".Dr. Pattipati Ramaiah Naidu - Nuclear physicist who worked under the supervision of Nobel Laureate Marie Curie for his doctoral thesis in Paris and ran one of her labs. Later set up medical radiation equipment devised at the Curie Institute in New York, United States and Tata Cancer Institute in Bombay. He was Scientific Advisor to UNESCO and the Tata group. (His daughter Leela Naidu in this same list posted down)Suri Bhagavantam - He was Vice chancellor of Osmania University and Director of Indian Institute of Science and Defence Research and Development Organization.G. D. Naidu (Gopalswamy Doraiswamy Naidu) - was an Indian inventor, engineer and industrialist who is also referred to as the Edison of India.[1][2] born in Coimbatore. He is credited with the manufacture of the first electric motor in India. His contributions were primarily industrial but also span the fields of electrical, mechanical, agricultural (Hybrid cultivation) and automobile engineering.[3][4] He had only primary education but excelled as a versatile genius. He one main ambition was to introduce an innovation educational system in India in technical field .Tough he was an atheist and not part of any political system his guests at his residence included M. S. Golwalkar, Periyar E. V. Ramasamy, C. N. Annadurai, S. Radhakrishnan, Rajaji, B. R. Ambedkar, Kanchi & Sringeri Shankaracharya, Nehru, Indira Gandhi, and numerous international industrialists notable from Germany with whom he had close relations including Mercedes Benz AG. His companies clubbed as UMS group still operates many companies.Naidu died on 4 January 1974. Sir C V Raman said of Naidu: "A great educator, an entrepreneur in many fields of engineering and industry, a warm-hearted man filled with love for his fellows and a desire to help them in their troubles, Mr Naidu is truly a man in a million – perhaps this is an understatement!"Yellapragad Subbarao - Discovered ATP, Indian biochemist who discovered the function of adenosine triphosphate as an energy source in the cell, and developed methotrexate for the treatment of cancer in USA.Narayana Kocherlakota - Indian born American economist and is the 12th and current president of the Federal Reserve Bank of MinneapolisDabbala Rajagopal "Raj" Reddy -Indian-American computer scientist and early pioneers of Artificial Intelligence and has served on the faculty of Stanford and Carnegie Mellon for over 40 years. He was the founding Director of the Robotics Institute at CMU. He was instrumental in helping to create Rajiv Gandhi University of Knowledge Technologies in India. He is the first person of Asian origin to receive the ACM Turing Award, in 1994, the highest award in Computer Science, for his work in the field of artificial intelligence.Politicians & Leaders(***Not included in this list are numerous CM’s of AP, Madras State, Central Cabinet Ministers & AP Political Party heads)Sitaram Yechury - Politburo Member and General Secretary of Communist Party of India (Marxist) and leader of party's Parliamentary group leader. He was elected as its General Secretary on 19 April 2015.Chandra Rajeshwara Rao - Indian freedom fighter. General Secretary of Communist Party of India (CPI) for 28 years until he gave up due to health reasons. He was one of the top leaders of the Telengana Rebellion (1946–1951).Kondapalli Seetharamaiah - Founder of Communist Party of India (Marxist–Leninist) People's War (PWG) , a predecessor to current Maoists Naxalite Union.Kishenji (Mallojula Koteswara) - Communist Party of India (Maoist), former Party leader, Politburo and Central Military Commission and the party's military leader. He was seen as "the face of the Maoist movement in India”.Cherukuri Rajkumar (a.k.a Azad)- Communist Party of India (Maoist), Spokesperson and one of the senior most members of the Central Politburo of the banned Maoist group Communist Party of India.Philosophers, Intellectuals & SpiritualJiddu Krishnamurti - New Age PhilosopherU. G. Krishnamurti - New Age PhilosopherJaggi Vasudev - New age Hindu PhilosopherHealthcareDR. Govindappa Venkataswamy & P. Namperumalsamy Ophthalmologists and founders of Arvind Eye Hospitals - Largest Free Eye car hospital in the world. Dr. V., born in 1918 to a farming family received his medical degree from the Stanley Medical College in Chennai and joined the Indian Army Medical Corps to practice obstetrics. Around that time that tragedy struck Dr. V. in the form of rheumatoid arthritis, a degenerative disease that attacked his hands. Although unable to practice obstetrics, Dr. V. did not give up. He began studying ophthalmology and had instruments specially designed for his arthritic hands - each one custom-made to fill a specific need. These instruments enabled him to perform as many as 100 cataract surgeries a day. He quickly became the most admired cataract surgeon in India.After post retirement at 58 with no money, no business plan or safety net and with fingers damaged by rheumatoid arthritis Dr.V founded the 11 bed Arvind Eye Hospital in Madurai, Tamil Nadu.Dr. V. who over the last three decades treated over 32 million patients and performed over 4 million surgeries, the majority for free. The Aravind model is emulated in many countries including the United States; a case study on its work is mandatory reading for every MBA student at the prestigious Harvard Business School.About 15 per cent of all Indian ophthalmologists have trained at Aravind. His son P. Namperumalsamy was listed in TIME Magazine 100 Year 2013.Prathap C. Reddy - Apollo Hospitals, leading hospital and pharmacy cjhains in India.Prem Reddy - Prime Healthcare Services USA (27 Hospital chain in Los Angeles).Kallam Anji Reddy - Founder of Reddy Laboratories.Film, Fashion & Entertainment IndustryApart from Jayapradha & Sridevi . Both were leading Bollywood actress throughout 80's.Leela Naidu - Miss India 1954 and actress and Vouge Magazine listed her as 10 most beautiful women in the world. Her father Dr. Pattipati Ramaiah Naidu from Madanapalle, AP was a famous Nuclear Physicist (listed elsewhere on same page) who worked under Madam Curie and her mother Marthe Mange was of Swiss - French origin.She was first married to the Oberoi Hotels heir, Tilak Raj Oberoi and had twin daughters, Maya and Priya. She was married for the second time, to Mumbai poet Dom Moraes.L.V.Prasad - Prasad Studios ( the de-facto studio for Movie post production -Color & Audio and the most well equipped studio in India). The Studio facilities are also used by Hollywood majors for Classic Movie restoration and lead supplier (Movie lease) of Panavision movie cameras in Asia. The group also runs Prasad Eye foundation.Prema Narayan - Miss India 71 runner & Miss World 71 contestant. Also Bollywood actress and Model in 70's & 80'sSuchitra Krishnamoorthi - Singer, Actress and writer (i guess) (parents from a Telugu speaking family in Tamil Nadu), formerly married to Shekar Kapoor.Sindhura Gadde - Femina Miss India 2005 and semi-finalist in 2005 Miss World Pageant held in China.Rambha – South Indian Movies & Bollywood during 90's. One time reining queen in Tamil and Telugu movie industry.*** Not included numerous Telugu actress, actors and playback singers who reigned supreme in Tamil, Telugu for several decades as well as at times in Malayalam & Kannada film industries.Vasuki Sunkavalli - Miss India Universe 2011.A Former law graduate of Symbiosis International University in Pune and New York University School of Law and currently working as the Third Committee's Research Assistant at the United Nations’ Permanent Mission of India.Nina Davuluri - Miss USA 2014 and Miss New York 2013.Bharat Nalluri - British-Indian television director, directed episodes of Spooks, Life on Mars, Hustle (which he also helped to conceive), and Outcasts: all for transmission on BBC One.Madhavi - Indian film actress known for her works in Telugu, Malayalam, Hindi, Tamil, Kannada, Oriya and Bengali cinema. In a career spanning seventeen years, she has acted in three hundred films as was most active in late 70’s till early 90’s nad has acted in over 25 movies in Bollywood starring alongside Amitabh Bachchan, Vinod Khanna, Rajesh Khanna, Dev Anand, Rishi Kapoor, Kabir Bedi , Jeethandra etc.S. P. Balasubrahmanyam – Notable Indian film playback singer in Telugu, Tamil, Kannada & Hindi (Bollywood). Guinness World Record for recording the highest number of songs (over 40,000 songs). 6 time National Film Award winner for Best Male Playback Singer 9 across 4 different languages) apart from winning Nandi Awards in Telugu cinema 25 times from the Government of Andhra Pradesh. Also won Film fare Award, five South Film fare Awards and numerous state awards from Tamil Nadu and Karnataka. Recipient of Padmashri (2001), Padma Bhushan (2011) from the Government of India.Nationwide he is well known as playback singer for Bollywood actor Salman Khan in one of the biggest musical blockbsuters , Maine Pyar Kiya and Hum Aapke Hain Koun.Aluri Chakrapani & Naggi Reddy - Vijaya Vauhini Studios. South Indian Movie moghuls, who operated one of Asia's largest Movie Studios (in Floor Space) and produced numerous Telugu, Tamil and Bollywood (Ghar Ghar Ki Khani, Julie,Yahi Hai Zindagi Swarg Narak, Swayamvar &Ram Aur Shyam) in 70's.Alluri Chakrapani was also the founder publisher of Chandamama children magazine in 13 languages with print run of over 200,000 per issue.Sameera Reddy – Bollywood and South India actress and Model. (Born in AP to Telugu Father and Mangalorean Mother)Rekha – Bollywood actress. Most popular actress in late 70's and 80's. (Telugu Mother, grew up in Telugu House).Nagesh Kukunoor – Indian film director, producer, screenwriter and actor known for his works predominantly in Bollywood and Parallel cinema. He is a Chemistry graduate from Gerogia TEch, USA and was an Environmental Consultant in Texas before his Film career.Sushama Reddy – Former Model, Producer & former VJ (Channel V)She worked on more than 100 television commercials including Limca, Fair & Lovely, Liberty, Godrej, Blender's Pride, Ford Icon and a TV commercial for Thumbs Up with Salman Khan. Reddy also appeared in Diwakar Pundir's music video Deewana with Sonu Nigam, in DJ Suketu's Tere Jaisa Pyaar and Sona Mohapatra's music compilation Ishq Nachaya. She has also hosted numerous programs in Discovery Travel and Living.Meghna Reddy – Former Model, More popular for co-hosting Mangta Hai, on Channel V during the mid-nineties. Has done numerous Modeling stints in New York for mail catalogs like Macy's.Meghna Naidu - Indian actress and dancer (Blooywood, Telugu & Tamil). More notable for first major appearance was in the music video for UMI10's "Kaliyon Ka Chaman" (2000) an official remix of Lata Mangeshkar's 1981 song "Thoda Resham Lagta Hai" . Also featured in Saru Maini's video Dil De Diya Tha (Sutta Mix),[4] before starting to work in Indian films.Pratima Anae Yarlagadda - Miss Indiana USA (1999) and was a finalist in Miss USA (1999) is also an Model working with Ford Models and has appeared in Vogue Italia, Cosmopolitan, Glamour, and Town & Country.SportsNarain Karthikeyan - India's first Formula One driver. Competed 2 seasons 2005 (Jordan) and 2012 (HRT) apart from several other categories. Crashed while leading Macau GP while leading in Formula 3. In NASCAR Camping World Truck Series voted by the fan as the most Popular Driver Award for the 2010 season , becoming the first foreign-born driver to win that award.KarnamMalleswari, the first Indian female athlete ever to win an Olympic medal by winning bronze medal in the 2000 Sydney Olympics for 240 Kg. She was nine time national WeightLifting champion in 52 kg category and seven times in the 54 kg category, and 1995 Asian champion and held the world weightlifting title with a new record, by lifting 113.0 kg in the clean and jerk.Her first victory was when Malleshwari participated in the 'National Junior weight lifting championship', and stood first. In 1992, she won three silver medals at the Asian championship held in Thailand, later winning three bronze medals in the world championship. Malleswari, won the contest's gold medal, beating the previous record of112.5 kg set by China's Long Yuling in December 1993.A Native of from Srikakulam, Andhra Pradesh) who in her ten years career, won 11 gold and three silver medals besides the prestigious Olympic bronze. Besides the Arjuna Award in 1994 she was also the recipient of the Rajiv Gandhi Khel Ratna award, India's highest sporting honour for the year 1995-1996 and recipient of the civilian honour Padma Shri in 1999. Malleswari was married in 1997, and moved to Yamuna Nagar . Later in 1998 she returned to participate in the Bangkok Asian Games in 1998 after a short break. She broke her own records in the Senior National Weightlifting Championship in 1998, and India's first medal, a weight lifting Silver, in the 1998 Asian Games at BangkokJwala Gutta - Left-handed International Badminton player has won theNational Badminton Championships fourteen times till 2013. Born to Indian father and Chinese mother. She was married to fellow Badminton champion from Andhra Pradesh Chetan Anand (image Right)P. V. Sindhu - Indian badminton player. First ever Indian woman to win a Silver medal in Olympics (2016 Rio for Badminton singles), Bronze in World Championships followed by one more bronze following year (even before Saina Nehwal). Padma Shri awarded on 30 March 2015. Placed in top 10 in the Badminton World Federation rankings ranked 3 in the BWF Junior Rankings. ***Sindhu's father Ramanna is himself an Arjuna Awardee and represented India in Volleyball.Pullela Gopichand - former Indian badminton player. He won the All England Open Badminton Championships in 2001 becoming the second Indian to achieve this feat after Prakash PadukoneHe runs theGopichand Badminton Academy. He received the Dronacharya Award in 2009 and Arjuna Award in 1999 makking him the only Indian to win the teacher and student awards, and the Padma Bhushan, India's third highest civilian award in 2014.Chetan Anand Buradagunta - Badminton and four time National Badminton champion in 2004, 2007, 2008 and 2010 from Vijaywada, AP. He has a career best world ranking of world no 11. He was married to Jwala Gutta.Humpy Koneru - Indian chess Grand-master, currently number three[1] in the world among women players , becoming the second female player, to exceed the 2600 ELO mark.From 2002 through 2008, Koneru held the record as the youngest woman ever to become a Grand-master (not solely a Woman Grand master).Dronavalli Harika - Indian chess Grand master who won the World Youth Chess Championship in the Girls' Under-14 and Under-18 categories. In 2011 she won the Asian Individual Women Chess Championship.Pendyala Harikrishna – Youngest Indian chess Grand-master from India on September 12, 2001. As of May 2015, he is ranked No. 2 in India and No. 26 in the world.V.R.Naren Kumar - National Rally Champion 7 time (MRF & JK) and One time Asia Zone champion. He became the first Rally Driver from India to compete in WRC in Mitsubishi Evo 8 driving for four-time world rally champion Tommi Makinen's Racity Oy team in 2005. Prior to that he was invited by Suburu WRC Team and Fiat Abarth team for international events, but could not raise enough sponsorship in India.N.Leela Krishnan - 6 time INRC National Rally Champion 6. Also operated Team MRF (1992 - 2004) & Team JK Rally team (2005 ,6), Red Rooster Team (2006 till date). His Rally tuned FIA Rally cars won National Constructors/Tuners trophy 15 times. Currently based in Bangalore and runs the Red Rooster Performance Intl Ltd., a performance car and race team company.Achanta Sharath Kamal -professional table tennis ,considered to be one of the best table tennis players India has ever produced. He won the men's singles gold in the 16th 2004 Commonwealth table tennis championship in Kuala Lumpur . Won the 2010 US Open Table Tennis Men's championships at Grand Rapids, Michigan defeating the defending champion Thomas Keinath of Slovakia in an epic battle of 7 games to win 4-3. In the same year he won the Egypt Open beating Li Ching of Hong Kong in straight sets 11-7, 11-9, 11-8, 11-4; thus becoming first Indian to win a singles title on the ITTF Pro Tour. He also captained the Indian men's team that won the team title at the same championship by defeating favourites and nine-time champions England.Won Gold in 2006 Commonwealth Games in Melbourne, beating crowd favourite Australian William Henzell , and part of Indian team that won gold against Singapore. He teamed up with Subhajit Saha to win the Men's Doubles gold at the 2010 Commonwealth Games in New Delhi.Represented India in the 2004 Olympics in Athens and is still the top Indian TT player. He is a recipient of the Arjuna award in 2004 and currently lives in Düsseldorf, Germany, playing in the European league.+++ CricketC. K. Nayudu – India’s first Test Cricket Captain also known as 'CK' by fans and press. Born in Nagpur (then Central Provinces) he played first-class cricket regularly from 1926 till 1958, and returned for one last time in 1963 at the age of 68. In 1923, the ruler of Holkar invited him to Indore and made him a Captain (land and air) in his army, conferring on him the honour of a Colonel in Holkar's Army.When Arthur Gilligan led the first MCC tour to India in the 1926-27 season, CK played for the Hindu team at Bombay Gymkhana. Nayudu hit 153 in 116 minutes with 11 sixes. One of the sixes, off Bob Wyatt, landed on the roof of the Gymkhana. The MCC presented him with a silver bat in recognition of that innings. He was also the first Indian cricketer to endorse a brand (Bathgate Liver Tonic) in 1941.C K Nayadu trophy is named in his honour.M. L. Jaisimha – Former Test Cricketer in 60's, right-handed batsman who was noted for his style on and off the field. He bowled medium pace, often opening the bowling for India, and off-breaks, and was a brilliant fielder.Mohammad Azharuddin - former Indian Team cricketer & Captain. Debut in test cricket against England with consecutive 3 centuries. As a cricketer, he was known for a graceful and fluid batting style. He has held records for the fastest hundred in ODIs and also the highest career runs in ODIs.In Test Cricket he scored 22 centuries with an average of 45, and 7 in ODIs, at an average of 37. As a fielder, he took 156 catches in ODI , a world record until surpassed by Mahela Jayawardene. He has also held world records for maximum ODI runs and fastest ODI hundred, both subsequently broken by other players, and scored centuries in his first and last Tests. His highest test score is 199, gained against Sri Lanka in 1991.Azharuddin was captain of the Indian team for most of 90s, statistically making him one of India's most successful captains, winning 90 ODIs, till bettered by by M.S. Dhoni in 2014. His 14 test match wins as captain was a record until broken by Indian cricket captain Sourav Ganguly with 21 test match wins. However due to the scandal that marred the latter part of his career, he was unable to retire with the honour that befitted him.Rohit Sharma – Cricketer. He is a right-handed batsman and an occasional right-arm off break bowler who plays for Mumbai in domestic cricket. He is the captain of Mumbai Indians in the Indian Premier League and has been one of the most successful batsmen in the IPL.V. V. S. Laxman - former Indian cricketer. Also represented Hyderabad in domestic cricket and played for Lancashire in English county cricket. He was the captain of the Deccan Chargers team i IPL's inagural season. Most notable for his batting against Australia, with Six out of his 17 Test hundreds, and four out of his six ODI hundreds were against Australia. He has two double-centuries in Tests, both of them against Australia: his personal best of 281 at Kolkata in 2000–01, and 200 not out at Feroz Shah Kotla in 2008–09, and in 2002 he was named one of Wisden's five Cricketers of the Year and was awarded the Padma Shri.Mithali Raj - Captain of the Indian Women's cricket team. Held record for the highest individual score by an Indian Woman Cricketer in a World Cup match (91 notout of 104 deliveries which included 9 fours) against NewZealand in Women's World Cup 2005 till 2013. Recipient of Arjuan Award and Padma Shri in 2004 and 2015.She made her One Day International debut in 1999 against Ireland at Milton Keynes and scored 114 runs not out. She made her ODI debut in the 2001-02 season against South Africa at Lucknow. On 14 August 2002, at the age of 19, in her third Test, she broke Karen Rolton's record of World’s highest individual Test score.Listed as No.1 in the ODI chart among women for 2013 Women's World Cup, Mithali Raj starred as the No.1 Cricketer . She scored 100s: 1 and 50s: 4 in Test cricket, 100s: 5 and 50s: 36 with best bowling of 3/4 in ODI's and 50s: 7 in T20's.Women EntrepreneursRajshree Pathy - An eminent entrepreneur from Coimbatore, is the chairperson of Rajshree Group of Companies (Sugars, Chemicals & Textiles) and founder of India Design Forum. Also head of CII southern region. Former posts include chairperson of CII National Committee on Textiles, president of Indian Sugar Mills Association. Also conferred Padma Shri in the field of Trade and Industry by the Government of India , she received the Global Leaders of Tomorrow recognition from the World Economic Forum, Davos (Switzerland). She was awarded the Eisenhower Exchange Fellowship in 2000.Nina ReddyJoint managing director of Savera Hotels in Chennai, Shyam’s Hospitality, Chennai's leading restaurant chains with restaurants that include Amravathi, Karaikudi, Shogun, Snowfield andThe Brew Room. Also founder of O2 gym and Duchess club.IndustryGVK group (Bangalore & Mumbai Airports) , GMR group (New Delhi & Hyderabad Airports), LANCO, Infratech, Maducon etc and too many in the modern day infrastructure industry.Navayuga group - Krishnapatnam Port, largest port in East CoastAmaron Batteries & Galla FoodsP Obul Reddy - Nippo Batteries founder and one time Panasonic India Managing DirectorToo many leading Bio technology industries and Civil infrastructure industries in Modern Highway construction, Dam, Tunnel construction etc.*** In addition to this there are too many in TN on Food Retail industryA2B chain of restaurants (Chennai, Bangalore)Annapoorna chain of restaurants (Coimbatore)Aryaas chain in South & West TNSavera Hotal & Shyam Hospitality (Amaravati, Kumarakom, Shogun, Karaikudi, Snowfield restaurant chains in Chennai)Other well known Tamil Nadu based companiesKCP - One of India's largest Sugar & Cement machinery manufacturer.ROLON Chains - (80% of OEM Two wheeler market)ELGI Equipments - Leading in Air Compressors & PneumaticsLMW - One of the worlds largest Textile machinery manufacturerPRICOL - Dominant in Instrumentation industry.Suguna - India's largest poultry retailerVenkys (Pune) - India's second largest poultry retailer***and of course everything about the movie BAAHUBALI :-)

The answer is simple and it will make you think twice about flying. Throw away your conspiracy theories, the simplest answer is almost always the right one. I was involved in the commercial and military programs that were partially ignited by TWA 800. The issue was known but TWA 800 made it a priority. All this falls under what is termed “ The Aging Aircraft Wiring Systems” initiatives., which were launched in earnest by multiple organizations once the severity was understood. The aviation industry in general was caught off guard. The FAA, AFRL, NAVAIR/ NAVSEA, DARPA, NASA, NTSB, Sandia, major universities and all the airframe OEM’s, all had major programs launched. We had no technology to assess how bad things had become but the initial findings were very bad, I mean scary bad. In many cases, it was starting to look like it would be cheaper to scrap some aircraft than trying to fix them.What they discovered is that the wiring insulation lost a lot more of its insulation properties over time than what was anticipated and that wire clamping and routing had to be re engineered in many cases . All this is especially true in aircraft fuel tanks. Jet fuel isnt explosive unless it is a vapor. The last place you want a bare wire where arcing could take place is in a fuel tank. The more aircraft they inspected the red flags were hoisted ever higher. It was so bad that the FAA issued directives on certain model aircraft, restricting them to not fly below a certain fuel level in the tanks. This was to assure that the bare wire areas were always submerged in fuel, especially during takeoffs and landings.Since then a lot has been done, but it is still a big problem. The OEM’s and the FAA have been working towards fuel tank inerting systems. Systems that siphon off the fuel vapor and replace it with nitrogen, eliminating the explosion risk.Just dig around a bit on the FAA’s website to see the details and you will think twice about boarding an old aircraft.A final note. One of the big engineering mistakes identified as the likely cause of such an explosion was that the wiring harness bundles were not segregated by what the wires were doing. The fuel level indicator sensors in the fuel tanks are low voltage and low current. They are designed not to spark. During these investigations and research initiatives, the original wiring harness designs were reviewed for potential problems. Sure enough there were plenty.The biggest risk came from bundling high power and high voltage wires together in the same harness as the low voltage sensor wires. Anyone who has ever worked on cars as a hobby can tell you about being zapped by the ignition coil through the wire insulation. In an aircraft, its the perfect storm for catastrophe. So common sense seemed to have been left out of the design meetings on a lot of this. This was one of the first things that they started to fix with Airworthiness Directives from the FAA.The final words from flight 800 right before the explosion, the captain was recorded as saying, “Look at that crazy fuel flow indicator there on number four, see that? The likely spark that ended the flight.Inside a 747 center wing tank .. size of a roomwalkthrough the fuel tanks in below video to appreciate the volumeAdditional notes …I have added information on what has happened in the industry, due to the many comments on maintenance, in the sections below.An NTSB presentation from back when i was involved with this ntsbfueltanks.pptA couple of slides from the above NTSB presentation from 2007 ….lots of people asked if other planes have had the issue…here are severalJUST ADDED - For those who want the hard core details on the latest environmental testing on wires : http://www.tc.faa.gov/its/worldpac/techrpt/ar082.pdfUSA Today http://usatoday30.usatoday.com/news/washdc/2001-05-02-faa.htm05/01/2001 - Updated 11:31 PM ETFAA to issue strict fuel-tank safety rulesBy Alan Levin, USA TODAYNearly five years after TWA Flight 800 exploded, federal aviation officials plan within days to issue tough new fuel-tank safety standards. The Federal Aviation Administration's final regulations would apply new standards to the entire fleet of about 7,000 commercial aircraft, several aviation sources told USA TODAY. The agency has estimated the changes will cost airlines about $170 million.The long-awaited rules address safety recommendations from the TWA 800 accident, which killed 230. The rules will require more inspections of tanks and revamped designs.The FAA estimated that without any changes the world's airlines could expect a fuel-tank explosion once every 4½ years. Officials hope the new fuel-tank rules will stretch the time between explosions to about 15 years.Instead of settling the issue, however, the new rules are intensifying the debate over what additional steps are needed to prevent fuel-tank blasts.The FAA last year proposed injecting tanks with inert gas to prevent explosions. But airline officials in recent weeks told an FAA advisory group that inert gas will not be necessary with the new standards, several aviation sources say. The airline industry contends the risks are so small that the estimated $1.6 billion cost of using inert gas would be better spent solving other safety problems.This contradicts findings by the National Transportation Safety Board last year that the only way to eliminate fuel explosions is by using inert gas.Three jets have been destroyed by center fuel tank explosions since 1990. On March 3, one person died when a Thai Airways International jet parked at a terminal in Bangkok was destroyed. Investigators for the National Transportation Safety Board say preliminary evidence shows the jet's center fuel tank exploded.Among the steps being taken to reduce the risks is an effort to get airlines to decrease use of on-board air conditioners, which heat fuel tanks. Last week, the FAA also issued an emergency order to shut off pumps in empty 737 tanks.USA Today Air-cooling gear can heat tanks05/01/2001 - Updated 10:00 PM ETAir-cooling gear can heat tanksBy Alan Levin, USA TODAYEvery day this summer, thousands of jets will take off with fuel tanks holding a heated, explosive mix of gases.Despite dozens of safety measures enacted since TWA Flight 800 exploded in 1996, officials continue to debate whether fuel tanks are safe enough. In the wake of another deadly fuel tank explosion aboard a jet in Bangkok, Thailand, in March, USA TODAY sought to determine how airlines in this country are following one suggestion to help reduce the heat in fuel tanks.In some Boeing jets, tanks sit next to air-conditioning systems that blast them with heat. At normal temperatures, jet fuel is difficult to ignite. But when fuel vapors get hot enough, a single spark can set off an explosion capable of breaking a jet apart in flight. Three such fatal explosions have destroyed jets since 1990.In a change from just a few years ago, many jets now use cold air piped in from the airport terminal instead of using the aircraft's own air conditioning, USA TODAY found.But roughly half of all flights in summer months still use the jets' air-conditioning systems, according to information from pilots, airline spokesmen and government officials."I think the running of the air-conditioning packs on the ground is the most important contributor to the development of (explosive) vapor," says Bernard Loeb, the recently retired head of the National Transportation Safety Board's aviation accident investigation team.After the TWA explosion, which killed 230 people, the NTSB recommended that air conditioning from the terminal be used.Explosions are rare, but the FAA estimates that on the average jet, fuel tanks are flammable 35% of the time. That could be reduced to 25% with mandatory use of alternative air-conditioning sources. Most of that risk occurs on the ground or shortly after takeoff. Cooler air at high altitudes cools fuel tanks.Spokesmen for Boeing, which built the three jets that exploded, and airlines say the tanks are safe. "We don't believe that the carriers who continue to run the (air-conditioning) packs have created an unsafe condition," Boeing spokesman Tim Neale says.One year ago, Boeing issued a letter to its customers suggesting that, "when available," airlines pipe cool air in from the terminal rather than run the on-board air conditioners. Airline officials say they have increasingly begun using "ground-conditioned air" in recent years, but more for economic than safety reasons. Cooling a jet with a system on the ground is cheaper than running a jet's air conditioners.Large carriers such as American Airlines and United Airlines direct pilots to switch off on-board air conditioners at terminals with an alternative source of cool air, spokesmen said.Airlines say that virtually all the nation's large hub airports are now equipped with air-conditioning systems at terminals. Southwest Airlines, which often flies to alternative destinations, uses ground air conditioning at about half of its most popular destinations, and the number is growing, spokeswoman Beth Harbin said.Alternative air conditioning can help only so much, however. Pilots report that some widebody jets are too big to be cooled exclusively by outside air, so they must continue to run on-board conditioners. And many outlying airports do not offer air conditioning.Because a jet's interior heats up so quickly in the sun, pilots say they sometimes have no alternative but to operate on-board conditioners. "I'm going down to Cancun, Mexico, this afternoon," airline pilot David Heekin said recently. "You better believe I'm going to have the air-conditioning packs going full swing."On jets made by McDonnell Douglas, such as the MD-11 and MD-80, the air conditioners were not placed next to the fuel tank. (Boeing now owns McDonnell Douglas.) Airbus placed air-conditioning packs next to tanks on its jets, but the company insulated the tanks and vented the area to reduce heat.see footnote link for overview of industry best practice and regulations on aircraft wiring from the FAA as a direct result of these activities.[1]Analysis of wreckage by Rendon GroupDisasters waiting to happen ……Photo of Arc-through of In-tank Fuel Pump Housing representative of post-accident inspection program (not from TWA 800) More aircraft would have shared the same or similar fate as TWA 800. We got lucky and fixed the problems first.Further ReadingAircraft Maintenance -The Inspection Process from http://www.coopind.com/news_AvMaint-WireMaintenance.htmOngoing wiring inspection is part of any aircraft’s regular safety check process. “In various checks (A/C/D-check) wiring is controlled visually for cleanness, cracks, chafing, color change and installation,” Arntz said. “This is done according to Original Equipment Manufacturer Standard Practice Manuals and EWIS (Electrical Wiring Interconnection System) tasks incorporated into the Aircraft Maintenance Program.”Still, unless something obvious happens—shortly before the explosion on TWA Flight 800, the captain was recorded as saying, “Look at that crazy fuel flow indicator there on number four, see that?”—electrical problems can go unnoticed. This is why such problems may not be found until the C- or D-Check, when “an aircraft is pretty much disassembled down to its bones,” said Frank Correro, StandardAero’s avionics manager in Springfield, Ill. “This is when technicians have their best opportunity to look at all of the aircraft’s wiring, to spot and rectify problems.” The only exceptions are self controlling systems built into an aircraft system that identify faults through BITE (Built-in Test Equipment) tests, and power wires that are specifically monitored with load control units (circuit breakers) to indicate system failure and protect wiring.Sometimes equipment manufacturers can help when aircraft wiring problems are identified in the shop. “Recently, HARCO was asked to look at a harness that had been in service for 20 years,” Gannon said. “The harness, which measured exhaust gas temperatures mated to probes, required exposed ring terminals to be fastened to the probe stud.” Now such an exposed ring terminal can invite moisture, which can reduce the insulation resistance of a wire harness. To address this, “Harco introduced some features to prevent the harness from absorbing water that improved the insulation resistance properties of the harness, and prevented false warning indicators from being triggered in the cockpit,” he said.What to Look ForUnfortunately for aircraft maintenance technicians, there is no advanced handheld device that can be waved over aircraft wires, to detect faults quickly and reliably. Instead, it takes careful visual inspections of wiring bundles, along with manipulation of wires for flexibility and signs of cracking, to detect problems before they become serious.“The problem is that most mechanics are not given extensive training in wiring inspection,” said Paul Sneden. He is an instructor at Global Jet Services. Based in Weatogue, Conn., Global Jet Services offers a range of professional development and continuing educations courses for aircraft technicians, including a week-long course in wiring inspection and maintenance that is used by MROs such as StandardAero. “They need extra hand-on training to identify and deal with the many signs of deteriorating aircraft wiring.”So what should mechanics be looking for when inspecting aircraft wiring? In general, anything that doesn’t look like factory-standard, Sneden replied. Ideally, wiring bundles should be secure but not under stress, with all clamps in place and properly locked. Exterior insulation should be unbroken and uncracked, and it should continue to be when flexed by hand to spot any hidden damage.Aging, faulty wiring is also thought to have contributed to the cockpit fire on Swissair 111 on September 2, 1998. While suggestive, the Canadian TSB investigation was unable to confirm if arcing from wiring of the in-flight entertainment system was the main event that ignited the flammable covering on insulation blankets that quickly spread across other flammable substances.Any form of staining is bad news. It could point to fluid leaking onto the wires, or deterioration of the wire’s insulation. “Similarly, any sign of chafing, charring, burning or arcing is not to be dismissed,” said Sneden. “The bundle needs to be removed and inspected, and if need be replaced.”That’s not all. Any signs of damage on wiring could be evidence of failures in other parts of the aircraft’s systems and airframe. The causes for wiring damage need to be tracked back to the source, so that these problems can be dealt with as well.A rule of thumb is the older and/or more used the aircraft, the more likely that the wiring is suffering from age-related deterioration. Since aircraft 20 years or older fall into the ‘aging’ category, mechanics need to be extra-vigilant when working on anything made in 1993 or earlier.Unfortunately, until the current wave of airline fleet renewals is over, MROs will find themselves coping with an increasing number of aging aircraft on a daily basis. The problem of wire deterioration is thus considered to be so serious, that “EWIS has been incorporated as a preventive measure to monitor wire aging,” said SR Technics’ Arntz. “Therefore it can be stated that on condition maintenance has been changed to a more preventive maintenance concept for wiring.”So far, “a complete re-wiring of aged wires is not yet a part of the rulemaking agenda,” he added. But this might change as active air fleets get older and if more aging wire issues emerge.Vigilance is VitalIf there is a moral to this tale, it is that aircraft wiring is a difficult-to-service element that must be monitored, inspected and maintained as rigorously as engines and avionics. The losses of TWA Flight 800 and Swissair Flight 111 point to the devastating consequences that can occur should this not happen.from An overview of the aircraft wiring issueBy David Evans, Editor Aviation Maintenance- Reprinted courtesy of Aviation Maintenance/Access IntelligenceThe potential hazard posed by bad aircraft wiring has generated a tremendous amount of activity in the industry. Some operators now treat wiring as a system, meriting attention during maintenance equivalent to the black boxes and other electrical components to which the wire is attached. The Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) proposal for fleetwide inspection of wiring in zones containing combustable materials or wiring within two inches of hydraulic, mechanical or electric flight controls could well involve a whole new - albeit necessary - burden on aircraft maintainers.The National Transportation Safety Board (NTSB) lent added urgency to the need for wiring inspections with its late June press conference, timed shortly before the 10 th anniversary of the TWA Flight 800 disaster, to reinforce and restate the Board’s concern about fuel tank safety and aging, cracked and deteriorated wiring. Recall that the accident airplane, an old B747-100, blew up shortly after takeoff from New York’s JFK International Airport on July 17,1996, for an overnight flight to Paris.All 230 aboard were killed when flammable vapors in the center wing fuel tank exploded. Electrical arcing in a bundle of wires outside the fuel tank produced a surge of current that passed down a fuel quantity indication system (FQIS) wire. As the Board noted in its press release of June 29, “The ignition of the flammable fuel/air mixture in the tank was attributed to an electrical failure.”Chafing the Dominant ProblemTo be sure, numerous airworthiness directives (Ads) have been issued since the TWA disaster, mandating wiring and other modifications to ensure electrical system safety. While the FAA does not have good records on the incidence of wire failures in the commercial industry, the U.S. Navy has amassed considerable information and insight. Navy data suggests that as many as one million man hours are spend annually in troubleshooting, isolating, locating and fixing wiring faults. Naval Air Systems Command (NAVAIR) data suggests that nearly as many hours are spent on unscheduled wiring maintenance as on scheduled maintenance.Further, the data collected by NAVAIR indicated that chafing contributed to more than a third (37%) of all wiring failures on Navy aircraft during the period 1980-1999. Moreover, despite the fact that chafing, or the erosion of insulation and the exposure of conductor, is a known problem, and the tools to resolve it are available, analysis of data from the years 2000 to 2004 show that chafing remained the leader of all wire failure modes on Navy aircraft.Perhaps the closest to an industry wide measure for the commercial side comes from the fleet wide inspections mandated by the FAA for fuel system wiring on the B737 fleet in 1998. The inspections were directed after fuel was observed leaking from a conduit for wiring that had been opened by electrical arcing. All B737 operators were required to report their findings to the FAA. The inspections revealed a clear relationship between aircraft age and the severity of the severity of the problems found. Fully 30% of aircraft with more than 70,000 hours were found with severe chafing and bare wires.That is twice the percent found on B737s with fewer than 70,000 hours. Some commercial operators have raised awareness of good wiring husbandry and practices to be avoided. For example, United Air Lines has widely distributed a poster outlining the do’s and don’ts for wiring maintenance.United’s laudable effort notwithstanding, we offer below a somewhat broader perspective of the aircraft wiring issue, including a contrarian view to the search for ever thinner and lighter wire insulation.Wiring 101The amount matters. Modern jets contain 100-200 miles of wiring running into every nook and cranny of the airplane. To borrow a biological metaphor, the wiring is akin to the body’s nervous system.The trend matters. New jets feature more wiring carrying more current (the advent of wireless systems is reversing this trend). The cabin area of a new-production jet, for example, features wiring for such things as in-flight entertainment systems. A measurement the electric power generating capacity of 1st, 2nd, and current generation jets of comparable passenger-carrying capability would show a steady increase in aircraft electric power generating capability.Protection matters, Fire detection and suppression is inadequate. Enough electric power for a medium-size office building is concentrated in the electrical and equipment (E&E) bay located under the cockpit. The E&E bay has neither fire detection nor suppression. A runaway electrical fire downed Swissair Flight 111 in Sept. 1998; a month later a Delta Airlines L-1011 experienced an electrical fire behind the flight engineer’s panel, in a location where hand extinguishers were virtually useless. With about 100 miles remaining on a flight from Hawaii to California, the crew effected an emergency landing at San Francisco. This airplane could easily have been “another Swissair,” involving an airplane of U.S. registry.Age matters. Wiring is not immortal; it ages in service. Over time, the insulation can break, exposing conductor. Exposed conductors create a fertile field for ticking faults, spurious signals and, worse, full-blown electrical arcing. Any carrier with a significant population of its aircraft having 10 or more years’ service has an aging wire problem.Location matters. Wiring is subject to changes in temperature, moisture, vibration and chafing. In some areas of the aircraft, such as in the leading/trailing edges of the wing, the landing gear wheel wells, etc., the physical stresses are higher than in more protected areas (e.g., the cabin)Installation matters. Sharp bend radii, improperly supported wire bundles, mixed insulation types in the same bundle, routing high and low power circuits in the same bundle, to name a few sins, can exacerbate the known environmental effects. Arcing in a vertically oriented bundle is more hazardous than in one running horizontally. One might suggest the large wire bundles indicate an electrical wiring philosophy based on ease of installation during manufacture, not necessarily ease of maintenance for the operator.Type matters. Certain types of wire insulation, notably aromatic polyimide, have known properties of hardness, vulnerability to cracking, and the tendency to arc spectacularly. Indeed, the carbonized insulation under arcing conditions itself becomes a conductor, spreading the danger literally with the speed of lightning.Maintenance matters. Wiring can be damaged during maintenance of other aircraft components, largely because technicians are unaware of the potential hazard created by stepping on a bundle or yanking it in such a way that brittle insulation is damaged further. Another major problem is unrelated maintenance damaging the wire. For example, drilling into aluminum structure creates shavings, called swarf. If those bits of swarf fall onto wire, they can eventually cut or wear through insulation, giving rise to intermittent (or worse) electrical failures. To be sure, it takes time to put a cover over the wires while drilling, then folding up the covers and removing them from the airplane. But it may take less time than involved in finding swarf-related faults in the wiring weeks or months later.The military’s experience matters. Some industry officials believe the U.S. military’s experience is not relevant jets are exposed to higher maneuvering loads and to harsher operating environments. On the other hand, the military’s experience with a jet designed with a 6,000 hour service life may be highly relevant to an airliner with a design service goal of 60,000 hours. The airliner is exposed to lower extremes over an order of magnitude longer period of time. In this respect, the military’s experience may be considered a form of accelerated aging from which the commercial side of the aerospace industry could learn much.Inspection types matter. Visual inspections are not enough. Eyeballing the wiring in a jet may uncover only a third or less of the insulation breaches exposing conductor. Yet technologies can be mobilized to quantify the state of wiring in an airplane, and to assess the amount of life remaining. These techniques can be used to target a cost-effective program of selective wire replacement.A Broad ViewThe airline industry may be at a place with respect to wiring that it was a decade ago with aging structure. The physical structure of an airliner now is built to be damage tolerant. That is, the airplane is designed such that structural components feature sufficient residual strength to withstand the weakening effects of fatigue cracking, say; from a tiny flaw that may lurk unseen somewhere in the structure from the day it leaves the factory. Recall that when damage tolerant structure was being debated, the manufactures worried the added weight would drive them out of the airplane building business and into the manufacture of railroad rolling stock.As it turned out, damage tolerant design added about 1,000 lbs. (454 kg) to the weight of a DC-10 while greatly extending its service life. Damage tolerant structure is now considered the norm.Wiring however, is not damage tolerant. As a weight saving measure, the thickness of the insulation has been shaved to minimum. In some wires, the insulation is about the thickness of four human hairs laid side-by-side. Or, as one expert observed, the industry is about “four hairs from electrocution.” Indeed, many of the problems of chafing, etc. elucidated above would not be the threats they are if the insulation was about four times thicker. Admittedly, this is kind of a brute-force approach, but by one estimate thickening the insulation would add about 200 pounds (91 kg) to the weight of wiring in a widebody jet.That’s about the equivalent weight of magazines and catalogues in the seat-back pockets. Perhaps a philosophy of damage tolerant electrical system design is only a matter of time—and certainly it is within the current state-of-the-art.Other potential improvements are numerous. Heavier insulation could be made an available option during manufacture. High power and low power wires could be better segregated. Connectors could be better separated, too and not all bunched together so that an electrical arc can jump from one to another. Longer- life circuit breakers could be installed as original equipment, saving considerable money over the long haul.Fire detection and suppression in the electronics and equipment (E&E) bay, and other unprotected areas where electrical systems are concentrated, could be insisted upon. The reduced maintenance costs, higher dispatch reliability, and fewer precautionary landings would, over the life of the airplane, more than offset the purchase cost of such features and protections.Brief Timeline on Flight 800 and the Fuel Tank Inerting FAA initiatives as a direct resultJuly 17, 1996 At about 2031 EDT, TWA flight 800, a Boeing 747-13, broke up in flight with a loss of life of all 230 passengers and crew. The crash debris fell into the Atlantic Ocean south of East Moriches, Long Island, NY. The accident investigation was one of the longest and most expensive in the NTSB's history. A substantial fraction of the aircraft was recovered and reconstructed, and numerous studies were carried in the effort to determine the probable cause. The Explosion Dynamics Laboratory at Caltech was asked by the NTSB to participate in the investigation and lead a group of researchers to examine the issues of fuel flammability, ignition, and flame propagation. EDL staff were involved from the fall of 1996 until the final hearing in August 2000.December 13, 1996 Safety Recommendation Letter A-96-174 published.TO THE FEDERAL AVIATION ADMINISTRATION: Require the development of and implementation of design or operational changes that will preclude the operation of transport-category airplanes with explosive fuel-air mixtures in the fuel tank: (a) significant consideration should be given to the development of airplane design modifications, such as nitrogen-inerting systems & the addition of insulation between heat-generating equipment & fuel tanks. Appropriate modifications should apply to newly certificated airplanes &, where feasible to existing airplanes.May 20, 1997 Added fuel tank flammability reduction to the Ten-Mosted Wanted List of Transportation Safety Improvements:"Reduce the potential for explosive fuel-air mixtures in fuel tanks of transport category aircraft. The NTSB has urged the FAA to make operational changes. They include refueling the center wing tank from cooler ground fuel tanks before flight, monitoring temperatures and maintaining a proper minimum amount of fuel in the tanks."December 8-9, 1997 NTSB Investigative hearing.August 22 and 23, 2000 Final hearing by NTSB and announcement of probable cause.2002 Fuel-tank inerting added to Ten-Most Wanted List (removed in 2008)Feb 17, 2004 The FAA announced that it is considering issuing a Notice of Proposed Rulemaking (NPR) requiring a fuel tank inerting system to be installed on existing aircraft with center wing tank flammability hazards.Feb 15, 2005 The FAA issued the special conditions for the certification of the flammability reduction means (FRM) or fuel tank inerting system proposed by Boeing for the 747 family of aircraft. This system will use hollow fiber membranes to generate "nitrogen enhanced air" to fill the vapor space of the center fuel tank in order to reduce the O2 concentration below 12% for a sufficient duration of the flight that the center fuel is not flammable for greater than 3% of the fleet operational time.Nov 15, 2005 The FAA has finally put on public display the Notice of Proposed Rulemaking on fuel tank inerting.November 23, 2005 The (NPRM) was published in the Federal register.March 21, 2006 The FAA has extended the deadline for comment on the NPRM to May 8, 2006.July 12, 2006 From the NTSB website: "The investigation into a wing fuel tank explosion on a Transmile Airlines B-727 airplane in Bangalore, India, on May 4, 2006, is ongoing. The evidence indicates that an explosion in the left wing fuel tank destroyed the structural integrity of the wing."July 21, 2008 The FAA has issued the the final rule: "Reduction of Fuel Tank Flammability in Transport Aircraft." The rule requires retrofitting of certain aircraft with heated center wing tanks and use of flammability reduction means (inerting systems) or ignition mitigation means (foam) on future aircraft to meet a target flammability exposure of 3% fleet average flammability and specific risk of 3% during ground operation and climb out on warm day, above 80 F. The present value of the total compliance cost is estimated by the FAA to be 1 billion USD. Boeing has developed and placed into production inerting systems based on hollow fiber membrane technology for the 747 and 737 typeOctober 16, 2008 Safety Recommendation A-96-174 closed as an acceptable action.More detailsFAA Lessons LearnedNASA Analysis https://sma.nasa.gov/docs/default-source/safety-messages/safetymessage-2011-01-09-twa800inflightbreakup.pdf?sfvrsn=4http://pe.org.pl/articles/2013/7/5.pdfhttps://www.faa.gov/documentLibrary/media/Advisory_Circular/AC%2025_981-1.pdfFootnotes[1] https://www.faa.gov/training_testing/training/air_training_program/job_aids/media/ewis_job-aid_2.0_printable.pdf

1. Dr Umar Saif An Associate Professor of Science and Engineering at the Lahore University of Management Science (LUMS). Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) has named him one of the top 35 innovators of the world (TR35). The list is compiled by MIT annually. Source: Our Future World Foundation 2. Naila Alam and Yasmeen Durrani These two Pakistani women have been honoured by the White House for their humanitarian work. The Honour of Hope Award recipients manage a philanthropic venture called ‘Express Care’ which focuses on providing daily essentials, such as food and medicine, to low income individuals. The organisation also helps with employment. 3. Ayesha Farooq Ayesha is Pakistan’s first ever female war-ready fighter pilot. The 26-year-old fighter, hailing from Bahawalpur, is one of t(more)