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Boards by FPGA manufacturerXilinxZynqParallella-16 Micro-Server ($119) is a Zynq 7010 board, which includes a dual ARM A9. Also available on the board are the Epiphany 16-core CPU Accelerator, 1GB RAM, 126 Mb flash, micro SD, and gigabit Ethernet.Parallella-16 Desktop ($149) expands on the Micro-Server and adds high speed expansion ports with 24 GPIOs (and other Epiphany signals), HDMI, and USB 2.0 host.Digilent ZYBO ($189, $125 academic) gives you a Zynq 7010, 512MB, HDMI source/sink, VGA, gigabit Ethernet, USB, audio, 6 buttons, 4 switches, 5 LEDs, and 40 I/Os (5 PMODs), including analogue inputs.MicroZed ($199) provides a Zynq 7010, 1GB, 128 Mb flash, SD card, gigabit Ethernet, USB 2.0, 100 I/Os (48 LVDS pairs) and 2 PMODs, 1 LED and 1 switch.MYIR Z-turn Board ($99/$119) has a Zynq 7010 or 7020, 1GB DDR, 16MB flash, TF socket, gigabit Ethernet, CAN, USB2.0 OTG, USB-UART, HDMI output, 90 or 106 user I/Os (with 39 LVDS pairs), accelerometer and temperature sensor, JTGA, two buttons, 4 switches, four LEDs, and a buzzer. An "IO Cape" breakout board ($35) provides three Pmod connectors, camera and LCD connectors, and 0.1" header I/O pins.DIPFORTy1 "Soft Propeller" (EUR 59) is a DIP-40 sized Zynq 7010 board that is designed to be pin-compatible with the Parallax Propeller chip. It has 16MB of flash, 46 I/Os, one RGB LED, one user LED, micro SD socket, and a proximity/light sensor.snickerdoodle is currently running a crowd-funding campaign shipping in March 2016. It is a $55 Zynq 7010 with 154 I/Os, 512MB DDR, 16MB flash, micro SD, 802.11n WiFi, and Bluetooth 4.0. A range of base-boards and add-on boards are also available, providing Arduino shield compatibility, gigabit Ethernet, 0.1" I/Os, and more.Artix-7With the exception of the Arty, Artix boards remain rather more expensive than the Spartan predecessors but provide additional performance and benefits and are included here anyway!Arty Evaluation Kit ($99) is an inexpensive way to get into the Artix parts - it provides an Artix (35T), 256 MB DDR, 16MB flash, 10/100 Ethernet, USB-UART/JTAG, four PMODs, an Arduino shield connector (a total of 62 I/Os?), 4 switches, 4 buttons, 8 LEDs (4 of them RGB), and a one year licence for Vivado Design Edition.Nexys-4 DDR ($320, $159 academic) is pushing the limits of 'cheap' unless you qualify for academic pricing, but packs an Artix 100T, 5 PMOD connectors (40 low speed I/Os), 128MB DDR RAM, 16MB flash, 10/100 Ethernet, USB HID host, SD card, VGA, accelerometer, microphone, audio out, 16 switches, 16 LEDs, 8 7-segment displays, 5 buttons. The Artix's internal ADC is available on one of the ports.ZTEX USB-FPGA Module 2.16 (159 EUR) has an XC7A35T with USB 2.0 interface via an FX2LP, 100 I/Os, 256 MB DDR3 SDRAM (16-bit), and 128 Mb flash. An inexpensive prototyping board (17 EUR) gives you 30 LEDs, 4 switches, and a soldering area.Numato Neso ($249, academic pricing available) provides an XC7A100T, 256MB DDR3, 128 Mb SPI flash, USB 2.0 interface for flash programming and 8 digital I/Os, JTAG, and 140 FPGA I/Os.Spartan-6SIOI is an Australian company who sell two basic Spartan-6 boards with TQFP parts, the LX4 and LX9, for the bargain price of $47/57. They contain 32MB of RAM, one LED, and 38 I/Os using a PCIE 4x connector to ensure high speed signal integrity and to make expansion as simple as getting a PCB made.Papilio Duo, currently on Kickstarter, is an $88 Spartan-6 LX9 board that incorporates an Arduino Leonardo, 512 or 2048 KB SRAM, 54 (or more?) I/Os, including six wing and one PMOD connectors, USB, and schematic design software.Digilent Nexys 3 ($270, $189 academic) virtually renders the Nexys 2 obsolete. It includes Spartan-6 LX16, a bunch of I/Os, a high-speed VHDCI connector (with matched pairs, but unfortunately it doesn't look like all traces are length matched), 10/100 Ethernet, USB host and USB-RS232, VGA, cellular RAM that sounds suspiciously like it won't work with the MIG, and 16MB of phase-change non-volatile memory. Gives the Atlys a run for its money (if your design is not limited by the smaller FPGA).ZTEX sell a range of Spartan-6 SLX16 modules ranging from 74-119 EUR with 96-100 I/Os, some with USB programming, and the top of the range one with 64MB DDR RAM. They have a very generous discount/rebate program for open source projects that use their module.Avnet Spartan-6 Microboard ($89) appears to be similar to the Arrow BeMicro detailed below. It's designed for embedded processor development and comes with device locked SDK and ChipScope Pro license, which is pretty good as these are quite expensive to buy separately. ChipScope alone is invaluable. I/O capability is pretty rudimentary with only two 8-bit PMOD connectors, but there is a 10/100 Ethernet PHY, four LEDs, two SPST buttons, a 4-way DIP switch, 64 MB SDRAM and 128 Mb flash. The licenses are actually device locked to the XC6SLX9 (of any package), so it might be handy just for those if you were developing your own board with this series.Papilio Pro is a $84.99 Spartan-6 LX9 board that retains compatibility with expansion wings made for the original Papilio. It features USB 2.0 for JTAG programming and serial comms, 64 Mbit SDRAM, and 64 MBit SPI flash. The design is released under a Creative Commons license.Mesa Electronics has a slightly baffling array of FPGA boards ranging from $79 (Spartan-3, 200K) to $258 (Spartan-6, LX16). Two that caught my eye were the 5I25, which is a PCI card with a Spartan-6 LX9 for $89 and the 6I25 (PCI Express) for $109.Pipistrello ($149) comes with the larger LX45 and contains 128 Mbit SPI flash, 64MB DDR, USB serial/FIFO and JTAG, HDMI output, audio output, USB host, micro SD, two LEDs, a PMOD header, and support for Papilio wings with 48 I/Os.XuLA2-LX25 ($119) fits a LX25 to a small breadboardable PCB with built-in USB programmer, 32 MB RAM, 8 Mb flash, 33 I/Os, and SD card socket. The design is completely open source.The Mojo is a $75 LX9 board that provides 84 digital I/O pins, 8 analog inputs (via an ATmega16U4), 8 LEDs, configuration flash, and USB programming (via the ATmega). The design is CC licensed.Numato Mimas ($50) provides a Spartan-6 LX9, 16 Mb flash, 100 MHz oscillator, USB programming interface, 8 LEDs, four switches, and 70 I/Os.Numato Saturn ($80-$140) provides a Spartan-6 LX9, LX16, LX25 or LX45, 16 Mb flash, 100 MHz oscillator, 512 Mb LPDDR RAM, USB programming interface and GPIOs (via the FT2232H), and 118-150 I/Os.Numato Galatea ($300) includes an XC6SLX45T on a PCI Express card with an x1 PCIe interface. Also provided are 256MB DDR3, 2x GTP interfaces (SATA connector), micro SD, 112 I/Os with differential pairs and high speed connectors, and two SMA connectors for clock or digital inputs. 100baseT Ethernet is available with an expansion board.miniSpartan6+ is a module that incorporates a Spartan-6 LX9 ($75) or LX25 ($105), two HDMI ports that can each act as either input or output, USB 2.0 programming and communications, 8-channel 8-bit 1 MSPS ADC, 32 MB SDRAM, 64 Mbit SPI flash, microSD slot, stereo audio out, 64 digital I/Os, 8 LEDs and 4 DIP switches.XC6SLX9 Starter Board ($34 delivered) is a 'no name' board apparently available only on eBay. It has a Spartan-6 LX9, 4-digit 7 segment display, RS232 interface, 12-bit VGA, PS2, 8 LEDs, 3 buttons, 8-bit DIP switch, two PMOD interfaces, 26 digital I/Os, JTAG and SPI flash.Spartan-3Elbert ($50) is a small board with a Spartan-3A 50K, 1Mbit of SPI flash (half of which can be used for data storage), 8 LEDs, four SPST switches, 8 DIP switches, and 26 accessible I/Os. An on-board PIC18F provides support for programming the flash over USB using a Windows-only configuration utility. I have written a more comprehensive review.Waveshare supply two Spartan-3E modules ($22-30) with the 250E and 500E FPGAs. They include a large number of digital I/Os (80 - 116), config memory, and four LEDs. An external JTAG programmer is required.miniSpartan3 is a Spartan-3A 50 ($25) or 200 ($35) module with an HDMI port, 41 digital I/Os, a 4-channel, 8-bit 200 KSPS ADC, SPI flash, 32 MHz oscillator, three LEDs, two DIP switches, USB-serial and on-board USB JTAG.MicroNova Mercury ($70) provides a 200K Spartan-3A in a breadboard-friendly 64-pin DIP module form factor. It provides 30 5V-tolerant I/Os, 9 other I/Os, an 8 channel, 200 Ksps ADC, 4 LEDs, a switch, 4 Mb SRAM, and programming over USB (with a Windows programming application). JTAG interface pins are also broken out.Digilent Basys 2 ($89, $69 academic) has a 100K Spartan-3E with four PMOD connectors, PS/2, VGA, 8 switches, 4 buttons, 8 LEDs, four 7 segment displays and on-board USB programmer.Digilent Nexys 2 ($99 academic) is the most reasonably priced, decently speced Spartan-3E board I've found. The price is especially good if you qualify for the academic discount. Blackbox Consulting had a board in stock and it was in my hands within a couple days. It has eight LEDs and eight SPDT switches, four momentary switches, and 7 segment displays that I haven't bothered with. The main expansion connector is a slightly uncommon one (though it's not expensive and available from Digilent distributors) but it is much better than the Avnet one because it has loads of ground wires, which is good for high speed designs. The "Starter Kit" has a few more peripherals for $70 more but the only thing that really appeals to me is the Ethernet PHY and this is only a 10/100 chip. Citizens demand gigabit!Papilio One seems to be on special for $50 and has the 250K Spartan 3E, or the 500K for $70 (a little rich when the bigger chip is only $7 more, but it's a small company so I can accept it!). The classiest part is that the Eagle board files are freely available, which makes it a great starting place for developing custom FPGA boards, especially since this one has no peripherals at all (other than USB, which looks like it handles serial communications as well as JTAG). It uses yet another custom bitstream uploader tool, but this time it is open source and cross platform.Open Workbench Logic Sniffer ($50) borrows its design from the Papilio One and provides a Spartan XC3S250E, USB, sixteen 5V tolerant buffered inputs, and compatibility with the Papilio One's 'wing' expansion boards. This makes it a slightly better deal, though there's no option for a 500K chip.Enterpoint sell a couple of Spartan-3E boards - the Drigmorn1 (XC3S100E $58, or 500E $85) with parallel port programming cable, RS232, three LEDs and 32 I/Os. A larger version, the Drigmorn2 is $170 and adds SDRAM, more flash, LCD, USB, and switches.XuLA-200 is $55 and fits a 200K Spartan-3A to a very small PCB with USB, a PIC18F, 8 MB of SDRAM, 2 Mb of flash, and user IO headers. It could be used as a plug-in module, or since the design is open source (with Eagle files), as the basis for a custom board (as long as it is also open source, as per the license).Gameduino ($53) is an Arduino shield that contains a Spartan-3A 200K. It is intended to be an audio and video coprocessor for Arduino applications, but could be repurposed as a general-purpose FPGA interface board with the Arduino form factor. VGA and audio outputs, with SPI flash.OHO-Elektronik have a range of breadboardable DIL modules with TQFP Spartan-3E FPGAs ranging in price from 39 to 59 EUR. They contain SPI flash, nine LEDs, two switches, and 5V voltage translators.Aessent aes220 (120 EUR) is a small stackable module that combines a Spartan-3AN 200 (or 400) with a Cypress FX2LP USB controller, 128Mb SDRAM, 16 KB EEPROM, 72 GPIOs, 5 LEDs, 2 switches, and power via USB or external supply.LatticeNandland Go Board is a Kickstarter campaign for a $50 board with an ICE40 HX1K, 4 LEDs, 2 SPST buttons, two 7-segment LED displays, micro USB for programming and USB-UART, VGA, and a PMOD I/O connector. It is designed to be used in conjunction with the tutorials available at nandland.FleaFPGA is a $65 board that features a MachXO2-7000HE with 256Mbit SDRAM, 512Kbit SRAM, USB 2 host, USB serial, VGA/composite video output, stereo audio, SD slot, PS/2 keyboard or mouse port, 18 GPIOs, 2 buttons, 4 LEDs, and built-in USB JTAG.LatticeXP2 Brevia is a $43 dev board with a bit of a caveat - the programmer needs a parallel port, and the USB programming cable, sold separately, costs $149! The FPGA is a pretty low end part with: compared to the XC3S500E it has 176Kb vs 433Kb RAM, 12 vs 20 multipliers, and 5K LUTs vs 9K1.LatticeECP3 Versa is very occasionally reduced to $99 on special (currently $262), which makes it the cheapest PCI-Express development board by far. It also has two gigabit Ethernet ports and high speed serial connectors. It appears that the FPGA device requires a licensed version of the design software, but this is also available for $99 for the first year. Pricing options beyond the first year are not very clear.iCEblink40-HX1K Evaluation Kit is a $39 board with USB programmer, four LEDs, four capacitive touch buttons, configuration PROM, 68 digital I/Os through 0.1" headers, and supposedly some PMOD and Arduino shield compatibility.TRIFDEV is currently on Kickstarter at £49. It is an Arduino shield that provides 58 extra I/Os, and can also be used as a standalone dev board. It has a MachXO2-1200, USB programmer, two buttons, and 5 LEDs.Bugblat pif ($25/$35) is a Raspberry Pi add-on board that provides a MachXO2-1200 or -7000, 17 external I/Os (in addition to those used to communicate with the Raspberry Pi), two LEDs, and programming circuitry.Bugblat tif ($25/$35) is a coin-sized, breadboardable MachXO2-1200 or -4000 board. It has 10 I/Os, USB programming (with cross-platform open source software that doesn't require drivers) and power port, two LEDs.[[http://www.latticesemi.com/Products/DevelopmentBoardsAndKits/MachXO2BreakoutBoard.aspx | MachXO2 Breakout Board] ($26) has a MachXO2-7000ZE and eight LEDs, 108 I/Os, prototype area, JTAG connector, and on-board USB programmer.Actel/MicrosemiActel IGLOO nano Starter Kit is $99. It has switches and LEDs onboard, USB-serial, a USB programming adaptor, and what looks like plenty of low speed I/O.Microsemi SmartFusion2 SoC FPGA KickStart Development Kit ($59) provides an M2S010S FPGA with 10K logic elements and an integrated 166 MHz ARM Cortex-M3. It provides a BLE 4.1 module, light, motion and temperature sensors, 4 LEDs, three PMODs, Arduino shield support, four RGB LEDs, two buttons, and serial/programming via USB.Microsemi SmartFusion Evaluation Kit is also $99 but you get a lot more for the money. It features an FPGA advertised as having 200K gates and an integrated 100 MHz ARM Cortex-M3, 10/100 Ethernet PHY and on-chip MAC, USB-serial, on-board USB programming interface, OLED display, 8 LEDs, two user switches, and an indeterminate number of analog and digital outputs. It looks like a very interesting and inexpensive board for developing mixed FPGA/microcontroller applications.TrioFlex ST32PA3-AP8 (35.09 EUR) gives you an Actel A3P060 FPGA and 50 MHz oscillator, with an AVR-compatible soft core preloaded in a stamp-sized module.SmartFusion2 System-On-Module is a module with a SmartFusion M2S (6000 LEs $71, to 90000 LEs $123), which includes a 166 MHz 32-bit ARM Cortex-M3. On board are 64 MB RAM, 16 MB flash, and 10/100 Ethernet. They also sell a $179 Starter Kit, which includes an FPGA module as well as USB/Ethernet connectors and a prototyping area.SmartFusion System-On-Module is a $62 module with a SmartFusion A2F200, 16 MB PSRAM, 16 MB flash, and Ethernet. A Starter Kit is also available.AlteraWaveshare supply a range of inexpensive ($20-$34) boards for Cyclone II, III and IV. They provide config flash, four LEDs, and a large amount of digital I/O (130-160 pins). An external JTAG programmer is required.devboards DB_START_4CE10 (99 EUR) has a Cyclone IV (EP4CE10), 16Mb SDRAM, 19 I/Os, 5 input pins, 6 LEDs, 2 buttons, and built-in USB programmer.devboards DB4CGX15 (133 EUR) is a reasonably priced PCIe development board with a Cyclone IV (EP4CGX15BF14C6N), 32Mb SDRAM, 20 I/Os, 4 input pins, 2 LEDs, high speed transceiver I/O via MMCX connectors, and a built-in USB programmer.DE0-Nano ($59 academic) provides a Cyclone IV, 16 Mbit flash, USB programmer, 3-axis accelerometer, 8-channel 12-bit ADC, 106 pins over three expansion headers, 32 MB SDRAM, 2 Kb EEPROM, 8 LEDs, 4 DIP switches, and two push button switches in a very small package.DE1-SoC ($150 academic, $199 otherwise) packs a Cyclone 5 5CSEMA5F31C6 (85K logic elements) with dual core ARM Cortex-A9 and 64 MB SDRAM, 1GB DDR3, micro SD, dual USB 2.0 host, gigabit Ethernet, PS/2, IR emitter and receiver, around 80 digital I/Os, 8 * 12-bit 1MSPS ADC inputs, VGA, audio codec, analog TV video input, four buttons, 10 switches, 11 LEDs, 6 * 7-seg displays, accelerometer, USB-serial, and USB programmer.DE0-Nano-SoC ($90 academic, $99 otherwise) has a Cyclone V 5CSEMA4U23C6N (40K LEs) with dual core ARM Cortex-A9 and 1GB DDR3, micro SD, USB OTG, USB-UART, USB programmer, gigabit Ethernet, somewhere around 60-80 digital I/Os, Arduino shield compatibility, ADC, 3 buttons, 4 switches, 9 LEDs, and accelerometer.Cyclone V GX Starter Kit ($179) packs a Cyclone V (77K LEs), 4 Gb DDR RAM, 4 Mb SRAM, high speed mezzanine connector with four 3.125 Gbps transceivers, 40 GPIOs, Arduino-compatible header with analog inputs, configuration flash, USB programmer, HDMI output, audio, 18 LEDs, 10 slide switches, 4 debounced buttons, CPU reset button, 4 seven segment displays, micro SD socket, and USB UART.Terasic Altera DE0 is $79 (academic price) for something that looks comparable to Digilent's Nexys2, though the connectors aren't suitable for high speed use.Thin Layer Embedded helix_4 ($41-$59) is a Cyclone IV module designed by an Australian company that combines 4 Mbits of SRAM, 512 Mbits of DDR2 (in the larger model), flash and a cryptography chip in a module that is designed to be mounted directly on your own PCBs. Carrier boards compatible with Arduino shields with USB programming via a PSoC are also available. A number of tutorials and examples have been provided. The developers are currently running anIndieGoGo campaign.Arrow BEMICROMAX10 ($30) provides an Altera MAX 10 with 8000 LEs, two oscillators, 8MB SDRAM, accelerometer, DAC, temperature and light sensor, 8 LEDs, 2 buttons, two PMOD connectors, 64 digital I/Os and on-board USB programmer.Arrow BEMICRO CV A9 ($149) has a Cyclone V (300000 LEs), two oscillators, 1 Gbit DDR, serial EEPROM, micro SD slot, 8 LEDs, 4 DIP switches, 2 buttons, 80 GPIOs and on-board USB programmer.Arrow BEMICRO CV ($49) has a Cyclone V (25000 LEs), two oscillators, 1 Gbit DDR, serial EEPROM, micro SD slot, 8 LEDs, 3 DIP switches, 2 buttons, 80 GPIOs and on-board USB programmer.Arrow BeMicro SDK for $79 is a newer version of the BeMicro that includes a Cyclone IV (22000 LEs), microSD, 10/100 Ethernet, temperature sensor, 512 Mb mobile DDR, integrated programmer, 8 LEDs, buttons and switches, and an 80 pin edge connector. A corresponding protoboard is $30. There's also a BeInMotionadd-on/reference design, apparently no longer available for purchase, which provides dual H-bridge motor controllers, a stepper motor controller, and ADCs.KNJN Pluto boards are cheap ($29-$79) and small. No on-board peripherals, so they seem more suited to dropping in to a larger project than as a standalone development tool.Random Altera boards on eBay. For around $20 to $50 there are plenty of Altera CPLD and Cyclone II/IV boards. They tend to require a JTAG cable (though some even come with one). Many are very bare bones, but some have RAM and extra flash. Probably only recommended if you're already familiar with the parts as documentation is pretty lacking, but good value.FTDI Morph-IC-II ($110) combines a Cyclone II with a FT2232H USB interface chip to provide high speed data transfer. It has a total of 80 to 96 I/Os (split between the FPGA and FT2232H, and depending on who you ask) with a 0.1" spacing.Wayengineer sell a large range of very cheap ($28-77) Cyclone II boards from Shenzhen, most with RAM and a variety of I/O including LCDs, 7-segment LEDs, VGA, switches, etc. Again they're great value if you already have some experience with FPGAs, are comfortable reading schematics and don't require any vendor support.Ordb2a-ep4ce22 (149 EUR) is a development board that was designed for the OpenRISC processor and comes with a Linux port. It contains a 22K LUT Cyclone IV E, 32 MB SDRAM, 1 MB SPI flash, SDIO connector, Fast Ethernet, USB OTG, USB serial/JTAG, and expansion connectors with 62 GPIOs. Also available is an SO-DIMM board with an ARM processor and Ethernet switch.Amani F2 ($50) puts a Cyclone II EP2C5 with 4608 LEs on an Arduino shield. It provides 74 digital I/Os, including two PMod interfaces, a JTAG port, a push button, and an LED. A pad is provided for an EPCS1 flash memory device. The designs are CC licensed.EP2C20 core board ($46) is another Chinese board of unknown origin with little online documentation, but it looks like good value with on of the larger Cyclone II parts (18752 LEs), 256 Mb SDRAM, 2 Mb SRAM, a USB programming cable, four switches, and 30+ I/Os.CypressfreeSoC and freeSoC Mini ($75 and $50) are not FPGA boards, but rather boards based on the Cypress PSoC, which incorporates an ARM Cortex-M3 and reconfigurable mixed-signal logic.PSoC 4 Pioneer ($25 preorder) is Cypress' own cheap dev board offering. It has a PSoC 4200, which has a Cortex-M0 and support for both Arduino shields and Digilent PMods, a CapSense slider, RGB LED, and one button.CY8CKIT-059 ($10) has a PSoC 5LP chip with integrated ARM Cortex-M3 on a breadboard-compatible board and a snap-away programmer/debugger.CY8CKIT-043 ($10) has a PSoC 4200M (ARM Cortex-M0) with a similar breadboard-compatible board, footprint for a Bluetooth Low Energy module, and a snap-away programmer/debugger.[Source: Cheap FPGA Development Boards]Also Refer the following,1 : FPGA Boards and Systems2: FPGA boards under $100: IntroductionRegards,Gokul

How To Write An SOP For MSSOURCE: ChetChat (ChetChat)What is a Statement of Purpose?A Statement of purpose is how you portray your personality in front of the Admissions Council. A resume might be good for listing your academic qualifications, but a Statement of Purpose is a great chance to impress the admission commission by presenting your profile strongly and describing things that are not mentioned in your academic documents or your resume.As the name suggests, a Statement of Purpose is used to state your purpose for wanting to join a particular academic program at that University. The Statement of Purpose, or SOP as it is famously referred to, is structured like an essay and includes points that will increase the understanding of the candidate’s life, motivations, and career paths.There are a lot of things that might be included in the SOP. Universities sometimes ask for question-based essays or might ask you to simply present your Statement of Purpose. Unless categorically stated otherwise, an SOP must include goals, the career path you have taken up so far as well as your academic progress. There must also be some reference to your motivation for wishing to pursue that specific course in that specific University. You may also state how you wish to use this course to further your goals and career.Importance of a Statement of PurposeA well-written Statement of Purpose is extremely critical to your admission procedure. Most Universities abroad and even many Indian Universities ask for a well-written SOP. There are many aspects of a candidate’s application that are inspected before finalizing a decision. While the academic record and other exam scorecards are essentially objective in nature, an SOP is the only truly subjective aspect of your application. This gives the Admission Commission a glimpse into who you are as a person. This is your chance to prove how you are unique and stand out from the crowd.What to include?Universities use this essay to filter your application for their admission process. They are looking for areas that highlight you and your achievements. So include struggles you have faced in life. If you have an underprivileged background, mention that in your essay. If you are from a rural area, mention that, and mention how you beat the odds. But don’t grovel about your humble background. Mention it in a matter of fact way, and state what you did to remedy the situation.Mention your Extracurricular activities. You don’t have to have big achievements in sports. Just mentioning it will show that you have sportsmanship and leadership qualities in you.Don’t attempt to hide your flaws and failures. Mention them, and also mention how you have or are trying to work on them. Many students try to hide behind their achievements and try to portray themselves as perfect. Flaws make the person behind the essay seem human, and it is important to let the admissions people know that you know your flaws and you are actively trying to remedy them.Mentioning your previous work experience is also very important. However short the gig might be, mention it. Also, mention what you learned from the job.Additionally, If you have any publications or any kind of published or submitted papers, don’t forget to include that in your essay. Publications can provide a huge boost to even a mediocre candidate.What not to include?Keep track that the first thing to avoid while writing an SOP is including too much detail. Don’t give your family history or your personal details in an essay. It does not matter if you are the descendant of a royal family or anything like that. They are interested in you as a person. Also, don’t go into too much detail about your accomplishments. Listing too much makes it seem like you are humblebragging, and while an SOP is meant to sell yourself, don’t include too many irrelevant details. Another detail to avoid is financial details. While you certainly must highlight it if you are from a poor background, don’t make it the theme of your essay and drone about it for pages. Also, keep track of your grammar. Don’t write grammatically incorrect statements. Use any grammar checking tools like Grammarly or ProWritingAid if necessary.Format of a Statement of PurposeMost national and international universities have a standard SOP format that they accept. The format is essentially the same for all courses.Paragraph 1: Introduction and Statement of GoalsThis is the place for introducing your goals and motivations. You can include analogies and quotes to make this part more interesting, but don’t waste too much space for this paragraph.Paragraph 2&3: Career ProgressionThis is the paragraph which you will use to talk about your achievements. You may want to start with a short history about yourself and your progress in a career starting from your school to your college. This paragraph is essentially dedicated to your academics and achievements, especially in a career. If you have any work experience, you can limit talking about your school life. Focus more on your college life in para 2, and your work experience should dominate para 3. If you don’t and you are applying directly after your graduation, then you can divide para 2 for academics and para 3 for co-curricular and extra-curricular.Paragraph 4: ReasonThis paragraph is the place where the whole thing comes together. This is the most important part of your essay. This is the place where you provide the reason as to why you wish to do what you wish to do. You can use this space to narrate your story of some turning point in your life. Try to write this paragraph as passionately and as emphatically as possible.Paragraph 5: Your Future PlansYou are finally ending your essay. Now, you must talk about your goals after you complete the course. You should mention if you want to get into research or pursue a career in the industry. If you plan to work for a certain organization, write that too. This shows the admissions council that you have thought over your life, and have your life under control.Sample Statement of Purpose for MS in MISThis SOP was submitted to a reputed university in Singapore.Statement of PurposeManagement Information Systems have evolved rapidly in recent years. Ages ago, people used to manually manage data with systems like Customer Databases and Catalogues. That has today evolved into modern concepts like Predictive Data Mining. This rapid development and change have left me fascinated with MIS. Having gained over two years of experience in SAP-ABAP, having gained extensive knowledge about its importance and business applications, I feel like I am ready to move into the advanced field of Graduate Studies in MIS. To keep up with the ever-increasing standards and skills required by this industry, I wish to pursue a graduate program from your esteemed University in the field of Manage Information Systems.From childhood, I was extremely logic oriented. In high school, my interest in logic oriented subjects led me to take Mathematics and Physics as my main subjects. As part of a Physics Science Fair, I had built a working model of basic logic gates using basic circuitry. I was amazed by the potential of electronics and subsequently decided to study electrical and electronics. I went on to top my school in 12th grade, securing 90% marks.I took up Electronics and Instrumentation Engineering as my major in Birla Institute of Technology, Ranchi. I was excited by the diversity it offered. In my bachelor program, the courses like Network Analysis, Signals and Systems, Microprocessors and Microcontroller, VLSI Technology and Design and Process Control helped me learn the aspects of system implementation. Other interdepartmental courses like Data Structure, Operating System, C, C++, JAVA, Data Communication, and Computer Networks helped me understand the nitty-gritty of computers and their functioning and applications.I also learned Embedded Systems Programming, an important part of electronics. This field attracted me so much, that I applied it to my major project “Voice Recognition Robotic Car Based on Voice Recognition Algorithm”. This project uses various electronics components, like Android Phone, Bluetooth, AVR, Battery, Motor Driver, and LCD. The AUBTM-20 Bluetooth module is configured using terminal software. The Bluetooth module receives a signal from an android phone, using a custom-designed app. The received signal goes to the microcontroller which controls the motion of the car. The RPM of the motors is displayed on the LCD screen via 1239D whose output is connected to the BO motors. To supplement my education, I underwent training on Rail Net, Networking Hub, Server, Switch, and Electronic Exchange Working at Western Railway Ratlam Division. I also had training in C, C++, JAVA, MATLAB, VLSI, PLC and Embedded Systems.After graduating from the program, I joined Tata Consultancy Services. I placed among the top 10 trainees in my ILP (Initial Learning Process). I got to choose my preferred technology for learning about this. I chose to learn JAVA, SQL, and Testing Technology. Based on my JAVA programming skills, I was selected, and subsequently joined British Gas (Leading Oil and Gas Company) for training in SAP-ABAP. I have worked on various kinds of Interactive, Object-Oriented, and even Classical reports. I have worked on Dialog Interface including BDC, BAPI, and IDOC, Data Dictionary, Smart Forms, Module Pool, enhancements including User Exits, BADI, SAP Performance Tuning and Troubleshooting. I have 2+ years of experience in this. Apart from this, I have also worked on a few complex projects. An example of those is Contract Copy, a program for adding new line items and updating the net price of line items. I have also worked in the Material Management (MM) Module, apart from SAP-ABAP. Over the course of my career, I have received numerous appreciations from our clients, as well as from higher management.Seeing that I have acquired the basic skills, knowledge and aptitude and work experience in Management Information Systems, I feel that this is a great time to start further pursuing my education by enrolling in graduate studies. I strongly believe that my aspirations, goals, and mindset are a great match for your program. After a lot of perusal of the information in your courses, I find myself certain that this program is an ideal step towards excellence in my professional and academic career. After careful research and deliberation to ensure a perfect match, I have decided to apply for the Master’s program in Management in Information Systems at XXX.Given my background in computer science and electronics, and extensive training in Management Information Systems, I find my goals aligned to working in an IT-related industry, which will do justice to my unique background. After gathering enough experience, I hope to launch my own consulting firm. Attending a Master’s degree in this field will allow me to carve a niche for myself in the industry, alongside deepening and broadening my field of view on this industry and knowledge. Thus, I request the venerated Admissions Committee to consider my application favourably, and allow me to attend your university, providing me with a platform that will allow me to push myself further towards knowledge and expertise.FAQs1. What are question-based SOPs?Ans. A question-based SOP is written in response to the specific questions that the administration of the university you applied for is asking.2. If my extra-curricular achievement is only school level, will it be valuable?Ans. Yes, it is valuable. Every skill is important as it will lay an effect on the university while assessing your profile.3. Should I mention if I have temper issues?Ans. There is nothing wrong in admitting your weaknesses. It only makes you more humane. But along with it, you should also mention how you plan to improve it.4. If I don’t have many achievements, what should I do?Ans. In this case, you should focus more on your academics in the SOP and write about the skills that you have.5. What type of quotes should I use in the Introduction?Ans. The quote can be anything that drives you, motivates you, or explains you. But, don’t use any lengthy quote.6. What if I am not sure of my future plans, should I mention them?Ans. Writing this in your SOP can give the impression that you are confused. SO, you can always improvise it by using a better language. You can mention your current goals and then mention that you are open to other opportunities as well.7. What kind of Work Experience should I add?Ans. You can add any kind of work experience be it part-time or full time. The main concern will be what you infer from that job.8. Can I take ideas and inspiration from other SOP?Ans. You can take ideas from other SOPs. But, do not copy them as plagiarism is prohibited.9. How should I start my SOP?Ans. You can start it with a motivational quote or by describing yourself using catchy words.10. Are there any applications I can use to improve my SOP?Ans. Yes, you can use Grammarly to correct your grammatical mistakes. You can also take help of online proofreaders to check the SOP.Ref : https://www.vacglobaleducation.com/blog/How-to-write-SOP-for-MS

Importance of a Statement of PurposeA well-written Statement of Purpose is extremely critical to your admission procedure. Most Universities abroad and even many Indian Universities ask for a well-written SOP. There are many aspects of a candidate’s application that are inspected before finalizing a decision. While the academic record and other exam scorecards are essentially objective in nature, an SOP is the only truly subjective aspect of your application. This gives the Admission Commission a glimpse into who you are as a person. This is your chance to prove how you are unique and stand out from the crowd.What to include?Universities use this essay to filter your application for their admission process. They are looking for areas that highlight you and your achievements. So include struggles you have faced in life. If you have an underprivileged background, mention that in your essay. If you are from a rural area, mention that, and mention how you beat the odds. But don’t grovel about your humble background. Mention it in a matter of fact way, and state what you did to remedy the situation.Mention your Extracurricular activities. You don’t have to have big achievements in sports. Just mentioning it will show that you have sportsmanship and leadership qualities in you.Don’t attempt to hide your flaws and failures. Mention them, and also mention how you have or are trying to work on them. Many students try to hide behind their achievements and try to portray themselves as perfect. Flaws make the person behind the essay seem human, and it is important to let the admissions people know that you know your flaws and you are actively trying to remedy them.Mentioning your previous work experience is also very important. However short the gig might be, mention it. Also, mention what you learned from the job.Additionally, If you have any publications or any kind of published or submitted papers, don’t forget to include that in your essay. Publications can provide a huge boost to even a mediocre candidate.What not to include?Keep track that the first thing to avoid while writing an SOP is including too much detail. Don’t give your family history or your personal details in an essay. It does not matter if you are the descendant of a royal family or anything like that. They are interested in you as a person. Also, don’t go into too much detail about your accomplishments. Listing too much makes it seem like you are humblebragging, and while an SOP is meant to sell yourself, don’t include too many irrelevant details. Another detail to avoid is financial details. While you certainly must highlight it if you are from a poor background, don’t make it the theme of your essay and drone about it for pages. Also, keep track of your grammar. Don’t write grammatically incorrect statements. Use any grammar checking tools like Grammarly or ProWritingAid if necessary.Format of a Statement of PurposeMost national and international universities have a standard SOP format that they accept. The format is essentially the same for all courses.Paragraph 1: Introduction and Statement of GoalsThis is the place for introducing your goals and motivations. You can include analogies and quotes to make this part more interesting, but don’t waste too much space for this paragraph.Paragraph 2&3: Career ProgressionThis is the paragraph which you will use to talk about your achievements. You may want to start with a short history about yourself and your progress in a career starting from your school to your college. This paragraph is essentially dedicated to your academics and achievements, especially in a career. If you have any work experience, you can limit talking about your school life. Focus more on your college life in para 2, and your work experience should dominate para 3. If you don’t and you are applying directly after your graduation, then you can divide para 2 for academics and para 3 for co-curricular and extra-curricular.Paragraph 4: ReasonThis paragraph is the place where the whole thing comes together. This is the most important part of your essay. This is the place where you provide the reason as to why you wish to do what you wish to do. You can use this space to narrate your story of some turning point in your life. Try to write this paragraph as passionately and as emphatically as possible.Paragraph 5: Your Future PlansYou are finally ending your essay. Now, you must talk about your goals after you complete the course. You should mention if you want to get into research or pursue a career in the industry. If you plan to work for a certain organization, write that too. This shows the admissions council that you have thought over your life, and have your life under control.Sample Statement of Purpose for MS in MISThis SOP was submitted to a reputed university in Singapore.Statement of PurposeManagement Information Systems have evolved rapidly in recent years. Ages ago, people used to manually manage data with systems like Customer Databases and Catalogues. That has today evolved into modern concepts like Predictive Data Mining. This rapid development and change have left me fascinated with MIS. Having gained over two years of experience in SAP-ABAP, having gained extensive knowledge about its importance and business applications, I feel like I am ready to move into the advanced field of Graduate Studies in MIS. To keep up with the ever-increasing standards and skills required by this industry, I wish to pursue a graduate program from your esteemed University in the field of Manage Information Systems.From childhood, I was extremely logic oriented. In high school, my interest in logic oriented subjects led me to take Mathematics and Physics as my main subjects. As part of a Physics Science Fair, I had built a working model of basic logic gates using basic circuitry. I was amazed by the potential of electronics and subsequently decided to study electrical and electronics. I went on to top my school in 12th grade, securing 90% marks.I took up Electronics and Instrumentation Engineering as my major in Birla Institute of Technology, Ranchi. I was excited by the diversity it offered. In my bachelor program, the courses like Network Analysis, Signals and Systems, Microprocessors and Microcontroller, VLSI Technology and Design and Process Control helped me learn the aspects of system implementation. Other interdepartmental courses like Data Structure, Operating System, C, C++, JAVA, Data Communication, and Computer Networks helped me understand the nitty-gritty of computers and their functioning and applications.I also learned Embedded Systems Programming, an important part of electronics. This field attracted me so much, that I applied it to my major project “Voice Recognition Robotic Car Based on Voice Recognition Algorithm”. This project uses various electronics components, like Android Phone, Bluetooth, AVR, Battery, Motor Driver, and LCD. The AUBTM-20 Bluetooth module is configured using terminal software. The Bluetooth module receives a signal from an android phone, using a custom-designed app. The received signal goes to the microcontroller which controls the motion of the car. The RPM of the motors is displayed on the LCD screen via 1239D whose output is connected to the BO motors. To supplement my education, I underwent training on Rail Net, Networking Hub, Server, Switch, and Electronic Exchange Working at Western Railway Ratlam Division. I also had training in C, C++, JAVA, MATLAB, VLSI, PLC and Embedded Systems.After graduating from the program, I joined Tata Consultancy Services. I placed among the top 10 trainees in my ILP (Initial Learning Process). I got to choose my preferred technology for learning about this. I chose to learn JAVA, SQL, and Testing Technology. Based on my JAVA programming skills, I was selected, and subsequently joined British Gas (Leading Oil and Gas Company) for training in SAP-ABAP. I have worked on various kinds of Interactive, Object-Oriented, and even Classical reports. I have worked on Dialog Interface including BDC, BAPI, and IDOC, Data Dictionary, Smart Forms, Module Pool, enhancements including User Exits, BADI, SAP Performance Tuning and Troubleshooting. I have 2+ years of experience in this. Apart from this, I have also worked on a few complex projects. An example of those is Contract Copy, a program for adding new line items and updating the net price of line items. I have also worked in the Material Management (MM) Module, apart from SAP-ABAP. Over the course of my career, I have received numerous appreciations from our clients, as well as from higher management.Seeing that I have acquired the basic skills, knowledge and aptitude and work experience in Management Information Systems, I feel that this is a great time to start further pursuing my education by enrolling in graduate studies. I strongly believe that my aspirations, goals, and mindset are a great match for your program. After a lot of perusal of the information in your courses, I find myself certain that this program is an ideal step towards excellence in my professional and academic career. After careful research and deliberation to ensure a perfect match, I have decided to apply for the Master’s program in Management in Information Systems at XXX.Given my background in computer science and electronics, and extensive training in Management Information Systems, I find my goals aligned to working in an IT-related industry, which will do justice to my unique background. After gathering enough experience, I hope to launch my own consulting firm. Attending a Master’s degree in this field will allow me to carve a niche for myself in the industry, alongside deepening and broadening my field of view on this industry and knowledge. Thus, I request the venerated Admissions Committee to consider my application favourably, and allow me to attend your university, providing me with a platform that will allow me to push myself further towards knowledge and expertise.FAQs1. What are question-based SOPs?Ans. A question-based SOP is written in response to the specific questions that the administration of the university you applied for is asking.2. If my extra-curricular achievement is only school level, will it be valuable?Ans. Yes, it is valuable. Every skill is important as it will lay an effect on the university while assessing your profile.3. Should I mention if I have temper issues?Ans. There is nothing wrong in admitting your weaknesses. It only makes you more humane. But along with it, you should also mention how you plan to improve it.4. If I don’t have many achievements, what should I do?Ans. In this case, you should focus more on your academics in the SOP and write about the skills that you have.5. What type of quotes should I use in the Introduction?Ans. The quote can be anything that drives you, motivates you, or explains you. But, don’t use any lengthy quote.6. What if I am not sure of my future plans, should I mention them?Ans. Writing this in your SOP can give the impression that you are confused. SO, you can always improvise it by using a better language. You can mention your current goals and then mention that you are open to other opportunities as well.7. What kind of Work Experience should I add?Ans. You can add any kind of work experience be it part-time or full time. The main concern will be what you infer from that job.8. Can I take ideas and inspiration from other SOP?Ans. You can take ideas from other SOPs. But, do not copy them as plagiarism is prohibited.9. How should I start my SOP?Ans. You can start it with a motivational quote or by describing yourself using catchy words.10. Are there any applications I can use to improve my SOP?Ans. Yes, you can use Grammarly to correct your grammatical mistakes. You can also take help of online proofreaders to check the SOP.Ref : https://www.vacglobaleducation.com/blog/How-to-write-SOP-for-MS