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Two-headed snakes can and do survive in the wild, although they are very rare.The two esophagus will typically align and form one where the neck meets. As a result, both snakeheads can eat.The main challenge that the two heads causes is when it comes to fleeing predation.The extra head increases the width of the animal, making it harder to sneak down small holes in the ground.But overall, a two headed snake can fend for himself in the wild. (A two headed snake always shares one gender).The one minor snafu that the two-headed snakes face, is that they sometimes fight each other for food…

Time to get really weird.Scientists at Tufts University have found that if you cut off the head of flatworms, they will not only grow back their heads, they will also regain their old memories. (Source: These Decapitated Worms Regrow Old Memories Along with New Heads. Smithsonian Magazine. Stromberg, Joseph)They tested this by studying the mapping routes used by worms to navigate a maze before and after their head was removed, proving that their heads were able to regain the old routes they had used.But it gets weirder.If you sprinkle the remains of other flatworms along the floor for these worms to eat, not only will they eat those remains, they will also gain the memories of other flatworms, and use those memories to help navigate the maze.They sound like some sort of terrifying monster. Incredible. But terrifying.

Stochasticity.Your intuitive understanding of what randomness is like—random numbers, random distributions, random patterns of conversation—is flawed. Most of us think that random numbers or events or whatever are uniformly distributed, like the dots on the left of the image below.It's not. Randomness tends to be clumpy, like the dots on the right.If we treat each individual conversation as more or less independent, with more or less random distribution of pauses, then there will be moments when those pauses happen at the same time, because randomness is clumpy.There's a lot of math behind this, but it's not necessary in order to understand the basic high-level idea: randomness is clumpy, not uniform.I once saw a demonstration by a statistics professor. She would divide a group of students into two groups. One group would be told to flip a coin 100 times and write down the results. The other would be told to make up what they thought were 100 random coin flips and write them down. She would leave the room without knowing which group had the real coin and which group was just trying to imagine a series of 100 coin flips.When she came back, she'd look at the two lists and tell which list came from real coin flips and which from people trying to imagine coin flips. Her success rate at telling which was which was 100%.How?Because we imagine randomness is uniform. If we have three heads in a row we want to start having more tails to “even it out.” Real randomness is not uniform, and the sequence heads heads tails tails heads tails is exactly as probable as heads heads heads heads heads heads. In real coin flips, you can easily get heads heads heads tails heads heads heads heads. People trying to imagine coin flips won't do that.This is why some gamblers can get hooked on continuing a pattern of losing bets—they will become convinced that the wheel is due for black or the lottery is due for numbers in the 40s because they believe randomness should be evenly distributed when it's not.