Periodic Table Trend Activities Answer Key: Fill & Download for Free

It is merely foolish American tradition. Stuck in the mud. Almost None of the answers here seem to be aware that there are other school systems in the English speaking world. Most of the answers here seem to think it is because the kids need higher level math. This is incorrect. The idea that there is a good reason why American chemistry has to be taught in 10th grade is not true. It is Poppycock.The need for higher math would not explain how it being taught at a younger age in England. The English years 7, 8, and 9, when pupils are aged between 11 and 14, are called key stage 3 in England. In America this is grade 6, 7, and 8. Middle school. The students in England learn biology, chemistry, and physics at these ages in England. Then there is more of it after 14. If students can do it in England, it can be done in America too. This narrow parochial attitude of American education should be stomped on. Hard. There is NO reason why American students cannot be taught the curriculum below. The main reason is teacher and school districts dislike, ignorance, and fear of science education. And a lack of a rigorous national curriculum. Without a real basic common science education Americans cannot discuss basic ideas coherently as citizens. Most American get far less than the educational subjects in chemistry listed below that are taught in England between what wold be American 6th and 10th grades.Here it is, The National Science curriculum for chemistry from 2013 for key stage 3 in England. At the end of this stage, pupils aged 14, in Year 9 (American 8th) are assessed as part of the national programme of National Curriculum assessment:Subject content – Chemistry Pupils should be taught about:The particulate nature of matterthe properties of the different states of matter (solid, liquid and gas) in terms of the particle model, including gas pressurechanges of state in terms of the particle model.Atoms, elements and compoundsa simple (Dalton) atomic modeldifferences between atoms, elements and compoundschemical symbols and formulae for elements and compoundsconservation of mass changes of state and chemical reactions.Pure and impure substancesthe concept of a pure substancemixtures, including dissolvingdiffusion in terms of the particle modelsimple techniques for separating mixtures: filtration, evaporation, distillation and chromatographythe identification of pure substances.Chemical reactionschemical reactions as the rearrangement of atomsrepresenting chemical reactions using formulae and using equationscombustion, thermal decomposition, oxidation and displacement reactionsdefining acids and alkalis in terms of neutralisation reactionsthe pH scale for measuring acidity/alkalinity; and indicators reactions of acids with metals to produce a salt plus hydrogen reactions of acids with alkalis to produce a salt plus water what catalysts do.Energeticsenergy changes on changes of state (qualitative)exothermic and endothermic chemical reactions (qualitative).The Periodic Tablethe varying physical and chemical properties of different elementsthe principles underpinning the Mendeleev Periodic Tablethe Periodic Table: periods and groups; metals and non-metalshow patterns in reactions can be predicted with reference to the Periodic Tablethe properties of metals and non-metalsthe chemical properties of metal and non-metal oxides with respect to acidity.Materialsthe order of metals and carbon in the reactivity seriesthe use of carbon in obtaining metals from metal oxidesproperties of ceramics, polymers and composites (qualitative).Earth and atmospherethe composition of the Earththe structure of the Earththe rock cycle and the formation of igneous, sedimentary and metamorphic rocksEarth as a source of limited resources and the efficacy of recyclingthe carbon cyclethe composition of the atmospherethe production of carbon dioxide by human activity and the impact on climate.Working scientifically through the content across all three disciplines (bio, chem and physics), pupils should be taught to:Scientific attitudes:pay attention to objectivity and concern for accuracy, precision, repeatability and reproducibilityunderstand that scientific methods and theories develop as earlier explanations are modified to take account of new evidence and ideas, together with the importance of publishing results and peer reviewevaluate risks.Experimental skills and investigations:ask questions and develop a line of enquiry based on observations of the real world, alongside prior knowledge and experiencemake predictions using scientific knowledge and understandingselect, plan and carry out the most appropriate types of scientific enquiries to test predictions, including identifying independent, dependent and control variables, where appropriateuse appropriate techniques, apparatus, and materials during fieldwork and laboratory work, paying attention to health and safetymake and record observations and measurements using a range of methods for different investigations; and evaluate the reliability of methods and suggest possible improvementsapply sampling techniques.Analysis and evaluation :apply mathematical concepts and calculate resultspresent observations and data using appropriate methods, including tables and graphsinterpret observations and data, including identifying patterns and using observations, measurements and data to draw conclusionspresent reasoned explanations, including explaining data in relation to predictions and hypothesesevaluate data, showing awareness of potential sources of random and systematic erroridentify further questions arising from their results.Measurement:understand and use SI units and IUPAC (International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry) chemical nomenclatureuse and derive simple equations and carry out appropriate calculationsundertake basic data analysis including simple statistical techniquesIn Key Stage 4 which is known as Year 10 and Year 11, when pupils are aged between 14 and 16 (American 9th and 10th) this is the chemistry that is taught.Atomic structure and the Periodic Table •a simple model of the atom consisting of the nucleus and electrons, relative atomic mass, electronic charge and isotopesthe number of particles in a given mass of a substancethe modern Periodic Table, showing elements arranged in order of atomic numberposition of elements in the Periodic Table in relation to their atomic structure and arrangement of outer electronsproperties and trends in properties of elements in the same groupcharacteristic properties of metals and non-metalschemical reactivity of elements in relation to their position in the Periodic Table.Structure, bonding and the properties of matter •changes of state of matter in terms of particle kinetics, energy transfers and the relative strength of chemical bonds and intermolecular forcestypes of chemical bonding: ionic, covalent, and metallicbulk properties of materials related to bonding and intermolecular forcesbonding of carbon leading to the vast array of natural and synthetic organic compounds that occur due to the ability of carbon to form families of similar compounds, chains and ringsstructures, bonding and properties of diamond, graphite, fullerenes and graphene.Chemical changes •determination of empirical formulae from the ratio of atoms of different kindsbalanced chemical equations, ionic equations and state symbolsidentification of common gasesthe chemistry of acids; reactions with some metals and carbonatespH as a measure of hydrogen ion concentration and its numerical scaleelectrolysis of molten ionic liquids and aqueous ionic solutionsreduction and oxidation in terms of loss or gain of oxygen.Energy changes in chemistry •Measurement of energy changes in chemical reactions (qualitative)Bond breaking, bond making, activation energy and reaction profiles (qualitative).Rate and extent of chemical change •factors that influence the rate of reaction: varying temperature or concentration, changing the surface area of a solid reactant or by adding a catalystfactors affecting reversible reactions.Chemical analysisdistinguishing between pure and impure substancesseparation techniques for mixtures of substances: filtration, crystallisation, chromatography, simple and fractional distillationquantitative interpretation of balanced equationsconcentrations of solutions in relation to mass of solute and volume of solvent.Chemical and allied industrieslife cycle assessment and recycling to assess environmental impacts associated with all the stages of a product's life •the viability of recycling of certain materials •carbon compounds, both as fuels and feedstock, and the competing demands for limited resources •fractional distillation of crude oil and cracking to make more useful materials •extraction and purification of metals related to the position of carbon in a reactivity series.Earth and atmospheric science •evidence for composition and evolution of the Earth’s atmosphere since its formationevidence, and uncertainties in evidence, for additional anthropogenic causes of climate changepotential effects of, and mitigation of, increased levels of carbon dioxide and methane on the Earth’s climatecommon atmospheric pollutants: sulphur dioxide, oxides of nitrogen, particulates and their sourcesthe Earth’s water resources and obtaining potable water.

Inorganic Chemistry almost contributes one-third of JEE Advanced Chemistry paper. So, this might seem a bit exaggerated but this is the reality.But, there is one thing which is pretty outspoken about this segment. This is literally hated by most of the students. Infact, in course of my IIT JEE preparation at Kota, I rarely found a guy who cherished Inorganic Chemistry. Whatever be the case,one simply can’t neglect Inorganic Chemistry if one wants a good rank in JEE Advanced.In course of my preparation, I witnessed some strategies which helped me a lot in mastering this subject in JEE preparation days at Kota. I was at Resonance,Kota and I simply liked the way in which Inorganic Chemistry was taught. Here,I would like to mention some noteworthy points which if followed help in mastering Inorganic Chemistry.1.Don’t hesitate from straight memorization: This might sound a bit cheap especially to those who advocate the logical aspect of things. There are certain things which can only be mastered by memorization. I mean, one simply can’t understand why the color of a particular compound is red or blue(though one can explain them but prediction of color is literally impossible considering the domain of JEE syllabus). There are things which still challenge human logic and one can get rid of them by straight mugging (In our Kota days, we used to refer them by “SHUDDH RATTA”). So, for all beginners, it’s highly recommended to memorize periodic table,most stable and possible oxidation states of important elements( this includes s-block,p-block and first transition series), color of compounds which are used in qualitative analysis and solubility of various compounds in water.Sometimes, one may find attractive theories for explaining some observations but at the end,it’s memorization which helps.I mean these theories can explain observations but if one goes for prediction based on these theories,there is no guarantee.2. Be clear regarding what is to be memorized and what is to be predicted on the basis of theories: This is another important aspect which should be taken care of. It’s very important to know the scope of a theory apart from understanding a theory. Infact, most of the theories can be applied on a limited scale and one must be thoroughly aware of that. Once, you step out of the domain of theory and go for random predictions, you are bound to fail. So,there are certain exceptions which can be best tackled by rote memorization. Again,one may find a higher level theory explaining that exception but it’s better to stay within the domain of JEE syllabus.For example, MOT is mentioned in JEE syllabus but one doesn’t need to understand it completely.One simply needs to understand the order of energies of orbitals in homonuclear species and s-p mixing. One can tackle almost all questions recently asked by learning the order of energies of MOs and s-p mixing. So, it’s very important to be aware of the trend developed by JEE.3.Master Peiodic Table and Chemical Bonding: This is really a key aspect. Most of the students tend to hate Inorganic chemistry as they haven’t mastered periodic table and chemical bonding.I mean these two chapters are backbone of entire JEE Inorganic chemistry. So,it’s advisable to spend considerable time in mastering these two chapters and most important thing regarding these chapters is that life is quite smooth in these chapters. Chemical Bonding doesn’t require rote memorization and it’s quite interesting too. At times, things go pretty logical in these chapters. However, periodic table demands a bit of rote memorization but if one wants to master Inorganic chemistry,one simply can’t run away from memorization.4.Don’t neglect s-block, p-block and d-block elements: In JEE chemistry , coordination compounds and Qualitative analysis enjoy great status.I have seen aspirants literally doing their best to master these portions. But, people often neglect block chemistry. However, JEE sometimes simply asks few basic questions from this segment and most of the aspirants fail to answer them. So, one can expect two or three questions from this segment which if correctly answered can create a significant difference. Do focus on this segment. It’s important to study preparation and properties of important industrial compounds like borax,boric acid,silicones(they seem to be favourites of JEE) etc. Best way is to analyse past 40 year papers and take note of the topics which are repeatedly asked. Yaa, repeatedly.Though,JEE has been quite notorious by not repeating questions but in this segment,they defy their norm. Infact, there was a question which appeared in JEE for three years in a row sometime in 90s( I guess it was related to thermal decomposition of hydrated iron sulphate)!!!!! So, those who don’t like Inorganic chemistry can still score well if they just mug up past year papers.5. Do regular revision: I mean it’s nothing special in suggesting revision but its importance gets scaled up when it comes to Inorganic chemistry. Infact, many students complain that they tend to forget things which should have been memorized and that’s simply due to lack of revision. So, do plan your revision accordingly and most importantly revision shouldn’t be discrete. It should be in continuation with your regular studies. In my Kota days, I preferred to write all those things which were expected to be memorized in Inorganic. This appears to be a painful activity but nevertheless, it helps a lot. I think in present scenario where MCQs are asked in bulk, it’s a must if one wants to excel in MCQs.6. Don’t neglect NCERT: In a number of cases, aspirants tend to neglect NCERT books. This might prove disastrous as in JEE Main, most of the questions are asked straight forward from NCERT books and it’s not a hidden fact that one needs to qualify Main to be able to sit for JEE Advanced. Moreover, it’s not unreasonable to expect one/two question(s) directly from NCERT in JEE Advanced. Infact, it’s helpful to take a glance at NCERT after completion of any chapter to brush up things.Though,when one is giving an exam like JEE,one can never be sure of every question which might be asked and that too in a subject like Chemistry driven entirely by Uncertainty Principle but still, in my perception if one sticks to these points, one can easily score close to 80% in Inorganic chemistry. And this would escalate his/her rank to a considerable extent!Note: Though aspirants hate Inorganic but if one follows these points, one might land in better ranks than those aspirants who simply ignored Inorganic. Infact, in JEE, one gets approximately three minutes for solving a question but if one has mastered Inorganic , one can easily tackle questions within a minute and save time for other tougher questions. Many of my friends used to get over these questions within thirty seconds. So, just imagine the gain in terms of marks one gets by mastering Inorganic. Hence, do focus on Inorganic and score well…

This is going to be a long answer but it helps-ORGANIC CHEMISTRY-If you are a chemistry person then I am sure you will love the organic part of it. In organic chemistry either you are a champion or beginner.It all depends on your understanding of the topics under organic chemistry;the better you will understand the easily you will fall in love with it.In order to master organic chemistry,you need regular practice and revision. You should start your preparation with the basic concepts of organic chemistry. Mugging up isn't going to help,you will forget everything easily. In organic chemistry for JEE,everything is interconnected,which means if you forget single link,you will forget everything.The best way to master organic chemistry for JEE is " LEARNING BY UNDERSTANDING AND THEN MASTERING IT BY REVISING IT AGAIN AND AGAIN."Topic - weightage1. GOC - 9%2. Alcohol,phenol,ether. - 7%3. Aldehyde,ketone - 5%4. Carboxylic acid. - 2%5. Nitrogen con. comp. - 2%6. Hydrocarbon - 2%Generally,it has a weightage of 30-40 % of chemistry.TIPS :-1. PLAN YOUR DAY & SET DAILY GOALS• You will get much more value for time & energy invested if you plan in advance what you intend to accomplish in each study session.• Read the study goals for that topic.• Read through your class notes.• Write summarise of important points.• Make and use flash cards.• Make reaction summarise.• Work problems;really work them.• Drill with your summarise,flash cards and reaction catalogs.2. START WITH BASICS• GOC is the most important and scoring part of organic chemistry.• Mastering this section will help you better understand reaction mechanism & which will help you to master the subject.3. STUDY ACTIVELY WITH PEN/PENCIL IN HAND• As yyou work,draw structures of molecules mentioned by names.• Other active study methods:* transcribing notes and combing notes and chapter outlines.* working problems* making and drilling with flash cards.4. PRACTICE DAILY• All the things which you have studied will go in vain if you don't practice it daily.• So,practice 10-15 problems at least on a regular basis.5. TAKE SHORT BREAKS AT REGULAR INTERVALS• Ten min of every hour is a good proportion.• Use the break to stretch and walk around,get yourself a cold drink, make a call (if you have a girlfriend) or anything else that takes your mind off chemistry for a few minutes.6. FOCUS ON REACTION MECHANISM & STRUCTURE OF COMPOUNDS• Structure is an important part as it determines various things including reaction mechanism.• Named reactions are an important part of JEE syllabus and forms a good chunk of questions asked in JEE.• Make a separate notebook for named reactions & their mechanism and revise it daily.• RECOMMENDED BOOKS FOR JEE •1. NCERT textbook of 11th and 12th2. MS Chauhan (for problems)3. OP Tondon ( theory )• IMPORTANT CHAPTERS IN ORGANIC CHEMISTRY •* Do or Die chapters:-Organic compound containing Nitrogen ,Basic principles of organic chemistry* Should Do chapters:-Biomolecules, Polymer, Compound containing Oxygen,* Do If You Have Time chapters:-Chemistry in everyday life, Environmental chemistry, Purification of organic compounds, Hydrocarbons.|! SUMMARY !|• Start with the basics firstly from NCERT and then from one of the recommended books.• Make a separate notebook for name reactions,write it in full detail with mechanism. Revise it often.• Solve only standard books or materials.• Solve previous year/sample papers of JEE.• Work hard,there is no any other option.# Question of organic chemistry are slightly complex and it would be a good idea to solve the questions of OC at the end after finishing the questions of inorganic and physical chemistry unless you have very good command on OC.# Try to make other aspects of your life as comfortable as possible while tackling this major course. If possible, schedule OC when the rest of your course load is relatively undemanding.# The best way to revise is to allocate half an hour 5 days a week for OC once you have completed the syllabus.INORGANIC CHEMISTRY-Entrance like JEE examins your memorizing capacity other than analytical ability through Inorganic chemistry. So,you should give equal importance to Inorganic chemistry. The best way to study Inorganic chemistry for JEE is start early and read in parts.You need to study Inorganic chemistry well, if you want to score among the highest in the JEE.Tips for preparation:-•The very first step to study Inorganic chemistry is focus during lectures of Inorganic chemistry. You need to give your complete attention as each & every lecture is important. If you follow this step then your 50% of work is done.•Don't memorize or mug up topic,else you won't understand anything.•The best time to learn the things of Inorganic chemistry is early in the morning. Wake up early in the morning at 5 or 6 and try to learn the things.• Make periodic table your friend. It is the base of Inorganic chemistry. The best way to master periodic table,create a flow chart or mind map to know the trends in properties.•Learn al the exception and specialities of all the elements. You can be asked direct questions in the exam.•Learn chemical reactions. The best way to learn is understand the context in which these reactions are written.•Pay extra attention to co-ordination compounds. You will definitely find a question in JEE.•Learn the geometry of the compounds.•Don't forget to solve previous years questions of JEE.•Don't proceed if you aren't thorough in your concepts.• IMPORTANT CHAPTERS IN INORGANIC CHEMISTRY •* Do or Die chapters :-Transition elements, s-block elements, Chemical bonding, p-block elements ,co-ordination compounds.*Should Do chapters:-Periodic table*Do If You Have Time chapters:-Metallurgy, Hydrogen.• RECOMMENDED BOOKS FOR INORGANIC CHEMISTRY •Want to know about the world's best book to study Inorganic chemistry for IIT-JEE preparation??The answer is NCERT of class 11th and 12th. Each and every line of NCERT is important.You can also refer OP Tondon for Inorganic chemistry.PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY-According to me, physical chemistry plays a key role in deciding how strong your Chemistry portion is. One who is good with physical chem can easily master chemistry. This part requires practice along with good conceptual knowledge. You say you have problem understanding the subject, try solving questions from physical chem by N.Awasthi or Numerical Chemistry by P.Bahadur.sorry for such a long answer,,,FOR MORE HELP, DO FOLLOW ME……