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Answer Writing Skill is a key to clear UPSC Civil Services Exam, since Mains Exam carries 1750 Marks/2025 (86.41% weightage). Most aspirants lack this or they are unaware how to write good answers and in turn fail to score better marks in their first Mains or also in their successive attempts.The following images make it very clear how to answer a question, by dealing with different parts of the answer. Further, one will also get to know what makes an answer a good answer; although I will make it very clear that perfect answers are myth, as one answer checked by an examiner X, may get 8/10 while the same answer may receive 6.5/10 from another examiner Y. So this much subjectivity would always be there. The slides, appear self-explanatory, even if you feel some doubt, feel free to ask.Q. What type of answer is acceptable in UPSC?There is no pattern as such set by UPSC, but to a certain extent the pattern can be deciphered by looking at the answers of aspirants who are getting good marks, especially the toppers.So, what do we find there, in topper’s copies?In General Studies: Point style of writing is more in vogue rather than Paragraph Style.In Optional: Paragraph form of writing is more in vogue.In Essay: Paragraph style of writing is prevalent.Q. What are the Important Features of a good Answer which can fetch you high marks?Structure:Introduction+ Body+ Conclusion (Organisation of the answer)Presentation:It should look more appealing to read (Use of Flowchart/Diagrams).Content:Content is the king. If other features of your answer (like presentation, structure, Novelty etc) are compromised, content can manage to certain extent (as it has higher weightage) and fetch you average marks,But in order to get above average or extraordinary marks, you should work on almost all the features.Novelty:How new your answer is?How it gets differentiated from others. (Draw Diagrams, put tables, flow charts).LanguageHandwriting:It should be legible.Example/ Illustrations:Collect some good examples from Newspaper/ Various Government Reports.Image Credits: My Powerpoint Presentations.

You can’t solve a problem by blaming the wrong cause. Big chain stores are not killing mom and pop stores. Let’s look at the top two culprits:1) CustomersCustomers are the proximate killers of mom and pop stores.Now, this should be obvious, but I guess we need to remind folks:Customers themselves are choosing to take their money to big chain stores rather than to mom and pop stores, which results in …(Ta-Dah!)… the death of mom and pop stores.Why? Let’s turn again to Business 101:Because the big chain stores give customers a better tradeoff of price, assortment, selection, convenience, terms, hours, environment, parking, credit, financing, inventory, etc.The customer is getting more total benefit for their dollars and for their time by shopping at big chain stores than they would receive by shopping at mom and pop stores.Now, those (few?) authoritarians who realize this, complain that the customer is a dum-dum, and they try to replace customers’ preferences with theirs.But that’s not fair! It’s the customers’ money that their labor created, and it’s their time that they are spending shopping. Frankly if these authoritarians had any empathy and humility it would be obvious even to them: customers should be able to spend their money and their time wherever they durn well please!(But, thank you for your opinion, Big Brother. :)In fact, some people could argue that those who condescend to tell customers what their tradeoffs “ought to be”, given that they don’t even know these people and are rarely anything like them, are the real dummies.And arrogant dummies to boot.2) GovernmentBut a more important question can be asked:“How can big chain stores offer such a better package of shopping to customers?”Which brings us to the second biggest killer of mom and pop stores (and, as you will see, this culprit directly impacts killer #1.)It’s government.More specifically, it is the government’s heavy-handed, bureaucratic implementations of taxes[1][1][1][1] and regulations[2][2][2][2] and zoning[3][3][3][3] and inspections[4][4][4][4] and reporting[5][5][5][5] and minimum wages[6][6][6][6] and background checks and licenses[7][7][7][7] and handicap access[8][8][8][8] and bathroom requirements[9][9][9][9] and window display restrictions[10][10][10][10] and shake-down lawsuits[11][11][11][11] and equal employment[12][12][12][12] and affirmative action [13][13][13][13] and immigration enforcement[14][14][14][14] , and trade barriers[15][15][15][15], and restrictions of personal safety[16][16][16][16], and social security and withholding[17][17][17][17] and insurance regulation, and sexual discrimination, and sexual harassment, and sick leave, and …… and ad seemingly infinitum[18][18][18][18] .Government, because it “cares so much about us”, creates far too much overhead and hassle for mom and pop to be able to handle on their own. It makes running a small business much too costly and too hard, and sadly, way too much of a headache, relative to how Big Business can amortize the high government overhead costs across numerous business lines and numerous employees and headquarters staff.So, the customers see higher prices, less selection, fewer hours, worse environment, less customer service, half-dead owners, etc. and they make their decision accordingly.But what they don’t see is the cause, their noble government helping them out. (Motto: “Caring uppermost for the consumer, and of course, for our friends, the mom and pop store”).Optimism among small-business owners remains below average, with owners reporting no net growth in employment. And yet they don’t report competition from larger businesses or poor sales as their top concerns. Instead, they list “taxes” and “government regulations and red tape” as their biggest problems- Government is killing small business - The Boston Globe(Notice in the graphs below that “regulation” and “taxes” have almost always been bigger concerns than “big business” for small businesses:)Source: http://www.nfib.com/assets/SBET-November-2016.pdfSolutions: Authoritarian versus LibertarianThe normal authoritarian fixes are to pass more laws and more regulations, but this time, the authoritarians assure us, why, they’re going to protect the mom & pop stores and hurt those big mean ole’ chain stores. Because authoritarians? Why, they ain’t nothing if not always on the side of the little guy!Ha!“Please, Br'er Fox, don't fling me in dat brier-patch!”They are ignoring decades of public choice theory.Do they not understand regulatory capture?“More government?”, Big Business strokes its chin. “Ex-ce-lent!”Large companies will just spread out the costs of more lobbying, of “working with” government, of expert testimony, of writing regulations, of providing jobs to retired, helpful regulators, of court cases, of campaign contributions, of public relations projects, of conventions, of hosting junkets, of putting together “educational retreats”, of fees and taxes and reporting costs, of ….The mom and pop stores? One thing we know for sure is that they won’t be there, camped out in the regulators’ offices kissing butt and filing hundred page briefs and attending hours of boring “public hearings”; they’re too busy toiling until 2AM filling out their government report forms, and then getting up at 6Am to sweep their sidewalks.The libertarian solution is simple:Take Big Government out of the equation. If customers want certifications, and assurances, and insurance, and special privileges for certain favored identitarian groups, well, let private companies offer such certifications. Small businesses will be able to decide if the costs are worth the customer benefit, and customers will themselves weigh trust in their local provider versus third-party assurances.Let the customers decide. We can’t know if Big Business will win out over small business, even if we remove the inevitably unfair advantage of Big Government. But when Big Business is not being unduly, unfairly advantaged by the violence of Big Government, we will be able to find out! How? By watching how customers decide to voluntarily spend their own money when small business are not hamstrung by bureaucratic busybodies.And if big chain stores win out, why, good for them!But right now, it’s not fair. The winner is more because of the interventions of Big Government, and not what is best for us customers and certainly not what is best for mom and pop.Unfortunately, most of the people who purport to be concerned with the disappearance of the mom and pop stores, why, they have all types of solutions …… and every one of them start with increasing Big Government.And then they scratch their heads and wonder,“Where the heck did all those mom and pop stores go?”(Must have been Walmart that done them in!)See related:How Government Favors Big BusinessCan libertarian small government eliminate crony capitalism?Who benefits most from Big Government?Do libertarians ignore economies of scale?How Government Destroys Society ValueWhat would business owners do with the cash from a tax cut?How does licensing hurt the poor?Who should regulate capitalism?The Arrogance of GovernmentAre libertarians or authoritarians more narcissistic?What mistakes do politicians repeatedly make?How are government regulations a threat of violence?What types of people want to regulate others?Why Private Folks Would Do a Better JobWhich is more effective: government regulation or private certification?What regulations do libertarians advocate?Do employers actually want to pay their employees lower than minimum wage?What libertarian reforms could be done at the local level?How libertarians solve the transgender bathroom issue?→ Other Cronyism Essays by Dennis Pratt → Table of Contents to Dennis’ Libertarian WritingsFootnotes[1] The Heavy Tax Burden and the Plight of the Small Business - Being Libertarian[1] The Heavy Tax Burden and the Plight of the Small Business - Being Libertarian[1] The Heavy Tax Burden and the Plight of the Small Business - Being Libertarian[1] The Heavy Tax Burden and the Plight of the Small Business - Being Libertarian[2] Small Businesses Win Some Regulatory Relief[2] Small Businesses Win Some Regulatory Relief[2] Small Businesses Win Some Regulatory Relief[2] Small Businesses Win Some Regulatory Relief[3] small business - Karl Dickey's Blog[3] small business - Karl Dickey's Blog[3] small business - Karl Dickey's Blog[3] small business - Karl Dickey's Blog[4] https://www.cityofboston.gov/images_documents/AV%20All%20Business%20Printable%20updated_tcm3-27756.pdf[4] https://www.cityofboston.gov/images_documents/AV%20All%20Business%20Printable%20updated_tcm3-27756.pdf[4] https://www.cityofboston.gov/images_documents/AV%20All%20Business%20Printable%20updated_tcm3-27756.pdf[4] https://www.cityofboston.gov/images_documents/AV%20All%20Business%20Printable%20updated_tcm3-27756.pdf[5] Could Trump’s Deregulation Be a Lifeline for Struggling Entrepreneurs?[5] Could Trump’s Deregulation Be a Lifeline for Struggling Entrepreneurs?[5] Could Trump’s Deregulation Be a Lifeline for Struggling Entrepreneurs?[5] Could Trump’s Deregulation Be a Lifeline for Struggling Entrepreneurs?[6] Will a Higher Minimum Wage Close a Beloved Bookstore?[6] Will a Higher Minimum Wage Close a Beloved Bookstore?[6] Will a Higher Minimum Wage Close a Beloved Bookstore?[6] Will a Higher Minimum Wage Close a Beloved Bookstore?[7] Stossel: Stop! You Need a License To Do that Job![7] Stossel: Stop! You Need a License To Do that Job![7] Stossel: Stop! You Need a License To Do that Job![7] Stossel: Stop! You Need a License To Do that Job![8] Unreasonable Accommodation[8] Unreasonable Accommodation[8] Unreasonable Accommodation[8] Unreasonable Accommodation[9] Texas small business owners speak out against transgender bathroom bill[9] Texas small business owners speak out against transgender bathroom bill[9] Texas small business owners speak out against transgender bathroom bill[9] Texas small business owners speak out against transgender bathroom bill[10] Chicago to Businesses: Did Licensed Contractors Hang Those Window Signs?[10] Chicago to Businesses: Did Licensed Contractors Hang Those Window Signs?[10] Chicago to Businesses: Did Licensed Contractors Hang Those Window Signs?[10] Chicago to Businesses: Did Licensed Contractors Hang Those Window Signs?[11] Serial ADA lawsuit filer striking Bay Area[11] Serial ADA lawsuit filer striking Bay Area[11] Serial ADA lawsuit filer striking Bay Area[11] Serial ADA lawsuit filer striking Bay Area[12] Employee Rights: What Small-Business Owners Need to Know[12] Employee Rights: What Small-Business Owners Need to Know[12] Employee Rights: What Small-Business Owners Need to Know[12] Employee Rights: What Small-Business Owners Need to Know[13] The 7.63% Solution[13] The 7.63% Solution[13] The 7.63% Solution[13] The 7.63% Solution[14] SAFE Act an Expensive Boondoggle[14] SAFE Act an Expensive Boondoggle[14] SAFE Act an Expensive Boondoggle[14] SAFE Act an Expensive Boondoggle[15] We Need Actual Free Trade, Not the TPP[15] We Need Actual Free Trade, Not the TPP[15] We Need Actual Free Trade, Not the TPP[15] We Need Actual Free Trade, Not the TPP[16] Philly Votes to Regulate Bulletproof Glass in Corner Stores[16] Philly Votes to Regulate Bulletproof Glass in Corner Stores[16] Philly Votes to Regulate Bulletproof Glass in Corner Stores[16] Philly Votes to Regulate Bulletproof Glass in Corner Stores[17] Invisible Taxes: The Government Dirty Secret[17] Invisible Taxes: The Government Dirty Secret[17] Invisible Taxes: The Government Dirty Secret[17] Invisible Taxes: The Government Dirty Secret[18] Look What These 25 Regulations Are Doing to Small Businesses[18] Look What These 25 Regulations Are Doing to Small Businesses[18] Look What These 25 Regulations Are Doing to Small Businesses[18] Look What These 25 Regulations Are Doing to Small Businesses

A senior doctor at a prominent hospital in Bhopal, messaged our group of volunteers upon an oxygen bed request a few days back with all desolation, “No beds available now. A patient might not survive and maybe then you can get a bed, around 6 pm”. The patient for whom we were trying to arrange the bed herself was critical.Now, this is in a city, which is the capital of one of the largest states of India. I can only imagine how worse it would be at other places. For a quick rewind, the state is ruled by the BJP government, and Bhopal is the epicentre of our political movement.So, in an attempt not to fall down the pit of right and left-wing politics, I would write only about what I feel regarding the handling of the COVID crisis by the Narendra Modi led central government.I feel, if anything, the central government’s handling of the situation has been utterly and shockingly unprofessional. I’ll tell you why!(This answer is going to be long, but I’ll make sure it is comprehensive and factually correct, covering pan India issues).Unpreparedness: This is the second wave of the COVID pandemic in India. We desperately lacked professionalism. Deep scarcity of beds, oxygen, plasma. Predatory pricing and a thriving black market for medicines. No, direction by state or central authorities on how to tackle these issues. Now people would say how could the Modi government have known about the second wave. Frankly, they should have. Every governments’ first prerogative is preparedness. Period! It’s akin to saying, how can we predict an earthquake, so you’ll have to forgive us for not preparing for the earthquake and the ensuing crisis. Every major medical body had been indicating that a second wave had been looming. You want an example? On October 21st 2020, only after 7 months have passed of the pandemic that the central government had passed a tender to establish 162 Oxygen plants across the country. In a statement by the Ministry of Health, until April 18th 2021, only 33 out of those 167 Oxygen plants were operational.Lack of empathy for Healthcare Workers: The government has been upfront in ‘promoting and supporting our healthcare workers and doctors - by various ways of public display’. Seems, how concerned our government is for our heroes right? Our Central Health minister Harsh Vardhan had this to say when asked about data on the number of healthcare workers who are infected by the coronavirus infection or have lost their lives during COVID-19 duty, “Health is a state subject. Such data is not kept at the Central level”. The Indian Medical Association (IMA) called this an “abdication of duty and abandonment of the national heroes who have stood up for our people”.Unprofessionalism: On March 26, 2020, two days after enforcing a national lockdown to combat Covid-19, the Central government announced a special insurance scheme for all healthcare workers fighting the pandemic on the frontlines under the Pradhan Mantri Garib Kalyan Yojna. The insurance cover promised Rs. 50 Lakh to the family of every health worker who died of Covid-19 while on duty. However, a circular sent out by the Health Ministry last month states that the insurance scheme concluded on March 24 2021 while only 287 claims have been processed so far. It was only on April 18th, a good 25 days after the scheme lapsed in the deadliest wave of COVID, that our government released a circular to provide a “new dispensation” for “Corona Warriors”.Distortion of real data and facts: In response to a question on February 3rd, the Ministry of Health and Family Welfare told the Rajya Sabha that 162 doctors, 107 nurses, and 44 ASHA workers have died due to Covid-19 till February 2. The IMA counterargued that “ 734 doctors have died due to Covid-19 till February 3, "of which 431 are general practitioners, who are the first point of contact for the people".A flaw in reported numbers: I’ll give you the example of Bhopal. The last rites of 187 persons, 137 of them coronavirus patients, were performed on April 21st, as per the managers of the three facilities (2 crematoriums and a cemetery). “As many as 111 people were cremated at our facility on Wednesday. 92 of them had died of coronavirus," Bhadbhada Vishram Ghat (crematorium) secretary Mamtesh Sharma told the Press Trust of India. The government reported just 5 COVID deaths on the same day. Even if half of the aforementioned deaths were assumed to be from COVID, the numbers are hugely distorted.Rampant political power-grabbing: Amidst this deep crisis, and constant calls for social distancing, our Prime Minister held 17 physical rallies in West Bengal, each attracting lakhs of people. Our Home Minister, Amit Shah, did around 30 in the same period, most in the month of April. I am not including senior politicians like JP Nadda who did the same. Neither am I discounting the same tactics utilised by opposition parties in West Bengal. But, the sheer fact of the matter is, if the highest-ranking official, and politician, in the country is setting a precedent that open rallying, at a time when the whole nation is marred by COVID, is alright, how can we expect the opposition to not follow suit and do the same?Irregular, and often illogical, statements by our leaders: Our Health minister Harsh Vardhan openly supported a dubious drug called Coronil made by the Patanjali brand in India which claimed “it was the first evidence-based medicine for coronavirus” and was approved by the WHO. The WHO unequivocally said, it has “has not reviewed or certified the effectiveness of any traditional medicine for the treatment”. The health minister supporting a form of treatment, which he himself wouldn’t fall back upon if he ever is infected with COVID.Promoting large religious gatherings: We are all aware of the Kumbh Mela proceedings that happened during the crisis. A reported 35 lakh people attended it. Prior to the event, the total number of active cases in the hill state stood at 1,863 (March 31). However, after the event started on April 1, the number of active cases reached a whopping 33,330 (April 24), a jump of 1800%. Now, are people to be blamed for attending it? Surely! But, the simple fact of the matter is, our government - state and central - actively promoted it through our Tourism ministry, media portals, and on public platforms. The Tourism Ministry even ran a competition awarding those who can create the best video during the Kumbh. Amidst all this the CM of Uttarakhand, Tirath Singh Rawat (from the BJP), himself went to Haridwar on April 6th to check preparations for the Kumbh Mela and when asked about the impact of the congregation, he said that “Kumbh is being held in the open on the sprawling ghats of the Ganga and The devotees attending Kumbh are not from outside but our own people”, so there is a much lesser chance of COVID infections here.Blatant lies: The Solicitor General of India, Tushar Mehta, said to the Delhi High Court on April 24th, when the crisis was and still is at its peak, that “So far we have ensured that nobody in the country was left without oxygen”. This is the man who is the second-highest law officer of the country and appears on behalf of the Union of India.The Migrant Crisis: In 2020, after the first nationwide lockdown, migrant workers, stranded without jobs, savings, shelter, food, or transport started their arduous journey on foot, cramped trucks, and any means they can find for thousands of kilometres. It is reported that more than 11 million people attempted reverse migration. Data based on personal accounts and surveys by Civil societies indicate that the crisis resulted in at least 971 non-COVID deaths, including 96 workers who died on trains. The Central Minister of State (IC) for Labour and Employment - Santosh Kumar Gangwar said that “The Central Government has not conducted any study in regard to living standard, health and safety of migrant workers”, in this period and during the crisis.You can see I have not talked about the dastardly economic slump that we are going through, or the other prominent issues that have marred the governance of this government - including Free Speech, Application of Farm Laws, Farmer Protests, Caste Politics, Violence against marginal groups, Unlawful arrests under the UAPA Act , Internet Freedom, etc.. This answer is completely based on the shortcomings of handling the COVID Crisis.Now, you can blame me for bias. You can blame the public for a reckless attitude towards the crisis. You can implore upon the fact that handling such a crisis is a state and central prerogative. All of this is true in some ways. But, you can’t deny the fact that amidst all this, the greatest body to hold the maximum power in the country is our central government, our cabinet of ministers, and our Prime Minister, Mr Narendra Modi. If we are always forward to accrue credit to the centre and Mr Modi for whenever something good happens in the country, we should also hold him accountable when the same country is going through a crisis.Coming to the question, I don’t know if there is sudden negativity against him, but the least we could do is be critical of his work and policies. Also, we can throw blame all around, but after this, do we really not blame our central power machine? The choice is yours!PS.: All of these facts that I have written can very easily be verified by a couple of google searches and some credible news sources. Please do so whenever possible for you.P.P.S: Thank you so much for such a sustained interest and conversation on the answer. I see a lot of people have commented on the post. I’ll try my best to keep up and respond, but in case if any of you would want to have a deeper discussion on this or would just like to follow my updates, I am more active on Instagram. You can follow or message me there and we can catch up!