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Niyoga was also recommended in the Bible and is known as the Law of Levirate - it was practiced among many people throughout the world.Levirate marriage - WikipediaThe difference is that in Hindu law marriage is not required - the brother-in-law or the stud appointed by the elders, has sexual relations with the childless widow until she conceives - thereafter she remains like a sister - living under his protection in the extended family without any further bedtime activities. Niyoga could also be resorted to if the husband was gay or impotent.The conditions necessary to allow niyoga were:(1) the husband, whether living or dead, must have no son;(2) the gurus in a family council should decide to appoint the widow to raise issue for the husband;(3) the person appointed must be either the husband's brother, or a sapinda or sagotra of the husband or (according to Gautama, a sapravara or a person of the same caste);(4) the person appointed and the widow must not be actuated by lust but only by a sense of duty;(5) the person appointed must; be anointed with ghee or oil (Nārada, ‘strīpumsa, 82), must not speak with or kiss her or engage in erotic dalliance or foreplay with the woman.(6) this relationship was to last till one son was born (or two according to some);(7) the widow must be comparatively young, she should not be old or sterile or past child-bearing or sickly or unwilling or pregnant (Baud. Dh. S. II, 2.70, Nārada, strīpumsa 83-84);(8) after the birth of a son they were to regard themselves as father-in-law and daughter-in-law and refrain from all bedroom shenanigans (Manu IX.62).Some of the law-givers vigorously condemned and opposed the practice. Gautama for example approved of it while Āpastamba opposed it. It is fair to say that niyoga was a survival from the remote past, that gradually became rarer and rarer till in the first centuries of the Christian era it came to be totally prohibited.One could say that the use of sperm-donors (anonymous or known) or egg-donors today to remedy infertility is an impersonal form of Niyoga.

Because it forms a major part of the revenue for both the state and central governments and they are not ready to give it up easily. Let me elucidate with a simple calculation.International rate for each barrel[1]of crude oil (around 160 liters) costs around approximately $50.That is 50*65 = 3250 INR, for each liter, 3250/160 = 20 INR approx.Current fuel pricing scheme is something like this,Excise duty on petrol is around 21/-VAT on petrol = 15/- (Roughly 27% on base price and differs from state to state)Petrol pump dealer commission around 4/-Refinery processing and other operational cost = 9/-So it sums up around 69 rupees per liter[2]. As of now in Delhi RSP for petrol[3] is around 70.88 INR/liter. On the contrary the fuel price was approx. $120 per barrel in 2008 and in the market price for petrol was around 62/- per liter.If you include the profit margin and other operating cost for a liter of petrol cost price would be around 33/-The rest 70–33 = 37/- is the tax we are paying right now which is nearly 115–120% !Now lets say if you include it in the GST and even if you put in the top most tax slab of 28% (14% CGST and 14% SGST), it works out something like this.33*(28% GST) = 9.24/- or lets just say 10 /-So it would cost approximately 43/- per liter of petrol under GST !Tax we are paying now is around 37/- and after GST its around 10/- !They will have to subsume VAT, cess and various duties which is not something the government can stomach by loosing a major part of its revenue.Footnotes[1] U.S. Crude Oil First Purchase Price (Dollars per Barrel)[2] Petrol, Diesel Price Calculator of 2017 with Tax Break Up in India[3] Excise duty on petrol, diesel cut by ₹2 per litre

Sankya Yoga is 2nd chapter in Shrimad BG.Samkhya or Sankhya is one of the six Aastika schools of hindu philosophy. Samkhya is strongly dualist. Saamkhya philosophy regards the universe as consisting of two realities; purusha (the consciousness) and prakriti (the matter). Jeeva (a living being) is that state in which puruṣa is bonded to prakṛti in some form.This chapter deals how Krishna laughs at Arjuna for his “beliefs” and motivates him to do his duty in slokas(verses) 1–3;Shlokas(verses) 4–10; Arjuna abdicates his duty and seeks guidance from Krishna.Verses 11–18; Atma(soul) has no birth or death, physical body is insignificant, sorrow and happiness are transient.Verses 19–24; elucidates characteristics of Atma(soul).Verses 25–30; ideas to prevent sorrow.Verses 31–38; features of a warrior(Kshatriya).Verses 39–41; lordliness of Karma-yoga.Verses 42–44; fallacies in sakama-karma.Verses 45–53; features of Karma-yoga and results.Verses 54–61; features of person with stabilized consciousness(sthithapragna).Verses 62–63; consequences of worrying about worldly affairs.Verses 64–72; optimization of senses(indriya-samyaman), state of being brahma(brahmi-sthiti).Happy reading.