Signature Of Participant - Alberta Climbing: Fill & Download for Free

Because we are already part of history.Because that means you already can’t teach history without us.Because that means we are already reason enough.Christina (18 December 1626 – 19 April 1689), the only surviving legitimate child of King Gustavus Adolphus of Sweden (the “Lion of the North” often regarded as one of the greatest military commanders of all time) and his wife Maria Eleonora of Brandenburg, reigned as Queen of Sweden starting 1632 (at age six) until her abdication in 1654. She began ruling the Swedish Empire at age 18 in 1644. The next year, against the advice of her Chancellor, who sent his own son to the Peace Congress to argue against peace, Queen Christina sent her own delegate to argue for peace at any cost. When the Peace of Westphalia was finally signed between May and October of 1648, it was effectively the end of the European Wars of Religion.Christina is remembered as one of the most learned women of the 17th century. With her interest in religion, philosophy, mathematics and alchemy, she attracted many scientists to Stockholm, wanting the city to become the "Athens of the North". She founded Ordinari Post Tijdender, the oldest currently-published newspaper in the world. Even after she abdicated the throne of Sweden to convert to Roman Catholicism and move to Rome, she did not leave the political scene. During her time there, she formally protested the Edict of Nantes which abolished the rights of French Protestants, forced Pope Clement X prohibit a custom of chasing Jews through the streets during carnival, and even issued a declaration that Roman Jews were under her protection, a declaration which she signed as la Regina — the Queen.In her Autobiography (1681) Christina discusses her androgynous personality, saying that she felt "an insurmountable distaste for marriage" and "for all the things that females talked about and did." She also mentions how the midwives at her birth first believed her to be a boy because “she was completely hairy and had a coarse and strong voice.” She made little effort to hide her gender ambiguity at any point in her life, with one contemporary noting that she “walked like a man, sat and rode like a man, and could eat and swear like the roughest of soldiers.” Her relationships with women were also noted during her lifetime, and she is generally accepted to have been lesbian.Friedrich Wilhelm August Heinrich Ferdinand Steuben, (September 17, 1730 – November 28, 1794), also referred to as Baron von Steuben was a Prussian and later American military officer. He served as Inspector General and a Major General of the Continental Army during the American Revolutionary War. He is credited with being one of the fathers of the Continental Army in teaching them the essentials of military drills, tactics, and discipline. He wrote Regulations for the Order and Discipline of the Troops of the United States, the book that served as the standard United States drill manual until the War of 1812. He served as General George Washington’s chief of staff in the final years of the war.The threat of legal action for having allegedly engaged in “familiarities” with a servant boy were actually the circumstances that drove him out of both Prussia and later France, meaning that had he not been gay, he may never have brought Prussian discipline to America. In America, he began close relationships with Benjamin Walker and William North, then both military officers in their 20s. His clothing-optional parties for officers at Valley Forge were well-known at the time. As related by one of his aides, Pierre-Étienne Du Ponceau:His aides invited a number of young officers to dine at our quarters, on the condition that none should be admitted, that had on a whole pair of breeches.Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky (7 May [O.S. 25 April] 1840 – 6 November [O.S. 25 October] 1893) was a Russian composer of the romantic period. He was the first Russian composer whose music made a lasting impression internationally, bolstered by his appearances as a guest conductor in Europe and the United States. Tchaikovsky consolidated the Western compositional practices he had learned at the Saint Petersburg Conservatory with Russian folk song and other native musical elements to fulfill his own expressive goals and forge an original, deeply personal style. He made an impact in not only absolute works such as the symphony but also program music and, as Wiley phrases it, "transformed Liszt's and Berlioz's achievements ... into matters of Shakespearean elevation and psychological import".Discussion of Tchaikovsky's personal life, especially his sexuality, has perhaps been the most extensive of any composer in the 19th century and certainly of any Russian composer of his time. It has also at times caused considerable confusion, from Soviet efforts to expunge all references to same-sex attraction and portray him as a heterosexual, to efforts at armchair analysis by Western biographers. Biographers have generally agreed that Tchaikovsky was homosexual. His first love was reportedly Sergey Kireyev, a younger fellow student at the Imperial School of Jurisprudence. According to Modest Tchaikovsky, this was Pyotr Ilyich's "strongest, longest and purest love". The degree to which the composer might have felt comfortable with his sexual nature has, however, remained open to debate.Jane Addams (September 6, 1860 – May 28, 1935) was an American social worker, sociologist, public administrator, and author. In 1920, she became the first American woman to be awarded the Nobel Peace Prize, and is recognized as the founder of the social work profession in the United States. Maurice Hamington considered her a radical pragmatist and the first woman "public philosopher" in the United States.In her essay "Utilization of Women in City Government," Addams noted the connection between the workings of government and the household, stating that many departments of government, such as sanitation and the schooling of children, could be traced back to traditional women's roles in the private sphere. Thus, these were matters of which women would have more knowledge than men, so women needed the vote to best voice their opinions. She said that if women were to be responsible for cleaning up their communities and making them better places to live, they needed to be able to vote to do so effectively. Addams became a role model for middle-class women who volunteered to uplift their communities.Although we do not have explicit documentation of sexual intercourse, from her romantic relationships exclusively with women, and the frequent refrain of “I miss you dreadfully and am yours ’til death” which she wrote in letters to her long-term partner Mary Rozet Smith, she would most likely be described as lesbian in contemporary terms, similar to many leading figures of the time in the Women’s International League for Peace and Freedom.Willem Arondeus (22 August 1894 – 1 July 1943) was a Dutch artist and author who joined the Dutch Resistance during World War II. He participated in the bombing of the Amsterdam public records office to hinder the Nazi effort to identify Dutch Jews and others wanted by the Gestapo. Arondeus was caught and executed soon after his arrest.His final words were:"Let it be known that homosexuals are not cowards."Frida Kahlo (born Magdalena Carmen Frida Kahlo y Calderón; 6 July 1907 – 13 July 1954) was a Mexican painter known for her many portraits, self-portraits, and works inspired by the nature and artifacts of Mexico. Inspired by the country’s popular culture, she employed a naïve folk art style to explore questions of identity, postcolonialism, gender, class, and race in Mexican society. In addition to belonging to the post-revolutionary Mexicayotl movement, which sought to define a Mexican identity, her paintings often had strong autobiographical elements and mixed realism with fantasy.She had a stormy marriage to fellow painter Diego Rivera, which was riddled with affairs to both men and women, including a well-documented relationship with Josephine Baker.Gladys Alberta Bentley (August 12, 1907 – January 18, 1960) was an American blues singer, pianist, and entertainer during the Harlem Renaissance. She sang in Harlem’s speakeasies during Prohibition, headlining in the early 30s at the Ubangi Club, where her astonishing vocal range made her one of the country’s most in-demand entertainers of the time. She was openly lesbian, marrying a now-unknown woman in New Jersey in a public ceremony. Her signature tuxedo and top hat earned her description as a “bulldragger”, a title she wore proudly. In the words of Langston Hughes:For two or three amazing years, Miss Bentley sat, and played piano all night long … with scarcely a break between the notes, sliding from one song to another, with a powerful and continuous underbeat of jungle rhythm. Miss Bentley was an amazing exhibition of musical energy – a large, dark, masculine lady, whose feet pounded the floor while her fingers pounded the keyboard – a perfect piece of African sculpture, animated by her own rhythm.Marilyn Monroe (born Norma Jeane Mortenson; June 1, 1926 – August 4, 1962) was an American actress, model, and singer. Famous for playing comedic "blonde bombshell” characters, she became one of the most popular sex symbols of the 1950s and early 1960s and was emblematic of the era's changing attitudes towards sexuality. Although she was a top-billed actress for only a decade, her films grossed $200 million (equivalent to $2 billion in 2019) by the time of her unexpected death in 1962. More than half a century later, she continues to be a major popular culture icon.Towards the end of her life, Monroe started entering sessions with Dr. Ralph Greenson, a psychoanalyst. These taped sessions record her as saying that despite her outward persona as a femme fatale, she had never actually had an orgasm with a man in her entire life. She did, however, have sexual encounters with a number of female actresses, as well as her acting coach, Natasha Lytess. Of their relationship, she is reported by her close friend actor Ted Jordan to have said:“Why not? Sex is something you do with people you like. What could be wrong with a natural act?”Bayard Rustin (/ˈbaɪ.ərd/; March 17, 1912 – August 24, 1987) was an American leader in social movements for civil rights, socialism, nonviolence, and gay rights. Rustin worked with A. Philip Randolph on the March on Washington Movement in 1941 to press for an end to racial discrimination in employment. Rustin later organized Freedom Rides and helped to organize the Southern Christian Leadership Conference to strengthen Martin Luther King Jr.’s leadership, teaching King about nonviolence and later serving as an organizer for the March on Washington for Jobs and Freedom. After the passage of the civil rights legislation of 1964–65, Rustin became the head of the AFL-CIO’s A. Philip Randolph Institute, which promoted the integration of formerly all-white unions and promoted the unionization of African Americans. During the 1970s and 1980s, Rustin served on many humanitarian missions, such as aiding refugees from Communist Vietnam and Cambodia. At the time of his death in 1987, he was on a humanitarian mission in Haiti.Rustin was also a pioneer in the movement to desegregate interstate bus travel. In 1942, he boarded a bus in Louisville, bound for Nashville, and sat in the second row. A number of drivers asked him to move to the back, according to Southern practice of Jim Crow, but Rustin refused. The bus was stopped by police 13 miles north of Nashville and Rustin was arrested. He was beaten and taken to the police station, but was released uncharged.He spoke about his decision to be arrested, and how that moment also clarified his witness as a gay person, in an interview with the Washington Blade:As I was going by the second seat to go to the rear, a white child reached out for the ring necktie I was wearing and pulled it, whereupon its mother said, 'Don't touch a n*****.'If I go and sit quietly at the back of that bus now, that child, who was so innocent of race relations that it was going to play with me, will have seen so many blacks go in the back and sit down quietly that it's going to end up saying, 'They like it back there, I've never seen anybody protest against it.' I owe it to that child, not only to my own dignity, I owe it to that child, that it should be educated to know that blacks do not want to sit in the back, and therefore I should get arrested, letting all these white people in the bus know that I do not accept that.It occurred to me shortly after that that it was an absolute necessity for me to declare homosexuality, because if I didn't I was a part of the prejudice. I was aiding and abetting the prejudice that was a part of the effort to destroy me.Marlon Brando Jr. (April 3, 1924 – July 1, 2004) was an American actor and film director with a career spanning 60 years, during which he won the Oscar for Best Actor twice. He is well-regarded for his cultural influence on 20th-century film. Brando was an activist for many causes, notably the civil rights movement and various Native American movements. Having studied with Stella Adler in the 1940s, he is credited with being one of the first actors to bring the Stanislavski system of acting and Method Acting, derived from the Stanislavski system, to mainstream audiences.His bisexuality (pansexuality? lots of sexuality) was extremely well-known to his friends and includes a long-term relationship with Wally Cox and flings with James Dean, Paul Newman, Richard Pryor, the list goes on.The book Brando Unzipped by Darwin Porter recounts a particular incident related by neighbor Sam Gilman in which Brando set up dates with actress Pier Angeli and actor James Dean on the same night. That is notable because Pier Angeli and James Dean were also dating each other. When Angeli arrives for her date with Brando, she walks in on Brando and her boyfriend. Understandably, she and Dean break up. When asked by reporters what happened between him and Angeli, Dean replied:Something…Roberta Elizabeth Marshall Cowell (8 April 1918 – 11 October 2011) was a British racing driver and Second World War fighter pilot. She was the first known British trans woman to undergo sex reassignment surgery.On November 18, 1944, the engine of her photo-reconnaissance-equipped Hawker Typhoon FR IB fighter-bomber was knocked out southeast of Kessel, and although she did glide her craft to a successful deadstick crashlanding, she was captured by German troops. She survived several weeks of solitary confinement and five months of imprisonment at Stalag Luft I. She later founded a motor-racing team and won the 1957 Shelsley Walsh Speed Hill Climb (one of the world’s oldest motorsports events).Sally Kristen Ride (May 26, 1951 – July 23, 2012) was an American astronaut and physicist. Born in Los Angeles, she joined NASA in 1978 and became both the first American woman and the first LGBT+ person in space in 1983. Ride remains the youngest American astronaut to have traveled to space, having done so at the age of 32. After flying twice on the Orbiter Challenger, she left NASA in 1987.Ride was extremely private about her personal life. It was only after her death that her obituary revealed her relationship to her partner of 27 years, Tam O’Shaughnessy, a childhood friend, science writer, and psychology professor at San Diego State Univesrity. They met when they were both aspiring tennis players.