Second City Agreement 02-05 - Actors' Equity Association: Fill & Download for Free

First of all its Telangana, not Telanganna. I would also wish to enunciate few paragraphs about the political scenario - sans which it is rather difficult to interpret the factors that led to creation of Telangana.Andhra Pradesh was formed in 1956 - it was not an emotional integration. It was an amalgamation based on an agreement - the Gentleman’s Pact.Gentlemen's Agreement of 1956 - WikipediaAfter Andhra Pradesh was formed, Neelam Sanjeeva Reddy had become the first Chief minister who hailed from Anantapur (Rayalaseema region of AP). After assuming the power , he declined to give the Deputy Chief minister post to Telangana thereby breaching the agreement & several other safeguards which were promised to Telangana were ignored. As a result, the first seeds of discontent in the political arena in Telangana started at that time.Though the discontent has begun, everything went on smoothly till late 1960’s. As Hyderabad was a capital for all, obviously people from all parts of the state migrated to the city in search of livelihood, but at the same time - the ruling elite failed to address the problems and backwardness in Telangana. In a short span of time, there was a perception among the unemployed youth of Telangana that they were being discriminated - Partially true though. Even though the intellectuals in Hyderabad tried to express the grievances- the ruling elite didn’t bother to care. The 1969 movement was basically an urban movement - which was confined to the precincts of Hyderabad, Warangal and Khammam.In January 1969, a protest w.r.t employment opportunities by the youth had turned violent and in the events that resulted in police firing, brutal suppression on the civil rights and freedom of expression coupled with police excesses killed around 350+ protesters in Hyderabad and other parts of the state. The then Chief Minister, Mr. Kasu Brahmananda Reddy tried to quell the movement. Marri Chenna Reddy, senior Congress leader from Telangana quit the party and formed his own outfit Telangana Praja Samiti (TPS). But unfortunately, there was a rebellion in TPS and as a result many disgruntled leaders who were with Marri Chenna Reddy quit TPS and rejoined Congress.In the 1971 Loksabha polls, the TPS won 10/14 LS seats. It was indeed a good show considering the fact that the party wasn’t cadre based & Andhra Pradesh was a strong bastion of Congress at that time. Few months after the polls, the movement weakened and Mr. Kasu Brahmanada Reddy tendered his papers to give way to Mr. PV Narsimha Rao, the first Chief minister from Telangana region in Andhra Pradesh who assumed the role of the chief minister of Andhra Pradesh. Marri Chenna Reddy was convinced by the Congress that justice will be done to Telangana, so he dissolved his TPS and rejoined Congress thus weakening the first phase of Telangana movement.In 1972, the Supreme Court upheld the Mulki rules wherein it says that “Persons who stayed in Hyderabad for 12 years will only be eligible for jobs and promotions”. This naturally caused a heartburn among the people of other regions of AP (Rayalaseema and Coastal Andhra). So a counter movement Jai Andhra Movement began in 1972 demanding formation of an Andhra state that existed prior to 1956. In fact it was widely speculated the landlords of all the three regions of the state (Telangana, R’seema and C. Andhra) conspired this to oust the then Chief Minister Sri PV Narsimha Rao who undertook land reforms and made wealthy landlords to surrender their lands to the govt. The reign of PV Narsimha Rao had been a rather shaky one - with frequent visits from Hyderabad to Delhi to control group politics in the Congress.The Jai Andhra movement reached its peak, at that crucial juncture - Mr. Kakani Venkataratnam, the charismatic leader who enlightened the people, has passed away. This curtailed the Jai Andhra movement drastically and several other leaders who participated in Jai Andhra movement too turned disillusioned with the Union govt not giving into their demands.After a prolonged turbulence, in 1974 a six-point formula was signed safeguarding the interests of all the regions of the state. PV Narsimha Rao stepped down and Jalagam Vengal Rao became the new chief minister. The investors from Andhra too invested heavily in Hyderabad post 1975.Till 1980’s everything went on smoothly. In early 80’s, the then chief minister Mr. T Anjaiah who doesn’t have much following - though he was a clean and a rather innocent politician was insulted by Rajiv Gandhi at the Begumpet Airport & this incident pricked the sentiments of Telugu community. In 1982, NT Rama Rao - a popular actor who had crores of fan following was aghast at the treatment meted out towards the Telugu people by the then high command of the Congress. So he established Telugu Desam Party (TDP) and within 9 months, there was a sweep by TDP decimating INC even in its strongholds. NTR after becoming the chief minister, tried to harmonize the relations between all the regions of the state. He brought 610 GO that serves the interests of employees of Telangana, he was instrumental in laying the Telugu Ganga Canal that serves the interest of backward R’seema region. He undertook many reforms - many of them which were good and some which were criticized. There was a constitutional crisis in 1984 and an internal coup in TDP, but the issues were resolved and NTR went to seek a mandate in 1985. The TDP had won 210/294 seats and thus NTR could establish his supremacy over TDP, but in the later years - the govt started to show signs of failure in certain aspects, economic development has become stagnant and the people’s war group - an extremist leftist organization became active in the state. All the factors culminated in the worst defeat of TDP in 1989, the party suffered massive blow winning just 75/294 seats. NTR himself lost from Kalwakurthy in Mahbubnagar district in the hands of an ordinary Congress worker, Chittaranjan Das.From 1989–94, the Congress rule has seen the change of chief ministers, Marri Chenna Reddy, Nedurumalli Janardhan Reddy and K. Vijaybhaskar Reddy - the period saw much turbulence like the Hyderabad riots, sluggish industrial growth and faction politics in the Congress. This has resulted in severe anti-incumbency for the party and in the 1994 polls, the TDP won a huge mandate of 225/294 seats, the Congress was confined to just 26 seats and has lost the status of opposition party.In 1995, there was a coup in the party led by N. Chandrababu Naidu(NCB) - the son in law of NTR who held many important ministries like Excise and Revenue. The MLA’s shifted their loyalty from NTR to NCB and in due process, NTR had to tender his resignation in the assembly after an emotional adieu. NCB became the Chief Minister on 1/9/1995 and continued in office till May 2004.In 1997, the BJP had its annual party meet at Kakinada. At that time there were lots of movements for the creation of Chhattisgarh, Jharkhand and Uttarakhand. So the BJP wanted to test the waters in Andhra Pradesh with raising the issue of Telangana, so an unanimous resolution was passed in the Kakinda meet - Oka Votu, Rendu Rashtralu (One vote for two states).In 1999 polls, the TDP has allied with BJP and has won good no of seats in parliament and assembly. Initially the BJP wanted to deliver Telangana as it has promised, but with TDP opposing the bifurcation of AP tooth and nail, the BJP had to backtrack on Telangana issue.The reign of NCB from 1995–99 was pretty decent. Though many of his father in law’s schemes for the poor have been abolished, yet there were some couple of good schemes like Janmabhoomi (Rural development program) and Neeru Meeru (Water for all). In 1999 polls, the Congress too improved its stake - from 26 to 90.In 2000, when the three states were created - the Congress started to cash on the Telangana issue, 41 MLA’s in the Telangana region signed a petition to Sonia Gandhi - asking her to approve the creation of Telangana. She wrote the same to the then home minister, LK Advani who rejected the demand for a separate state.The second term of NCB has seen a total distress of farm, rural and cooperative sector. The impetus was only given to parts of Hyderabad, several govt running units like the Nizam Sugars, Praga Tools, Govt run milk diaries and Allwyn industries suffered immense losses with deliberate actions of the govt, lakhs of farmers ended their lives and the effect was so profound on Telangana region which largely depends on the bore water resources. No agricultural subsidies were given, successive droughts crippled the farmers lives and many of them left the state search of greener pastures. So there was a slight resentment among the people of Telangana against the TDP rule.At the same time, NCB didn’t give a ministerial berth to K. Chandrasekhar Rao (KCR)- who was a senior leader in TDP and was in the party since its inception & he was offered a mere deputy speaker. Initially he was anguished, but continued to serve as a deputy speaker. The resentment of the people against the govt has come to his notice and in early 2001, he resigned to TDP and the post of the legislator & vowed to fight for a separate state of Telangana. On 27/04/2001, the Telangana Rashtra Samiti (TRS) was formed and in just 4 months, TRS Swept the local body polls in Medak and Karimnagar districts of Telangana. KCR won with a landslide majority in Siddipet, thereby the movement for separate state of Telangana has taken a new political turn.In the run up to the 2004 polls, the Congress wanted to ally with the TRS and in the common minimum program, promised to carve Telangana after due consultations and consensus. The Congress allied with TRS and the communists, which won 225/294 seats, The TDP suffered its worst electoral defeat by just winning 47seats. YS Rajashekara Reddy (YSR) became the new chief minister. In the state and center, both Congress and TRS shared ministries. YSR who hails from Kadapa in R’seema was against the creation of a state, but he didn’t express it outside. The Congress High command started to procrastinate on this issue till 2006, they formed a committee led by Pranab Mukherjee. But the committee hardly met, irked by the actions of the Congress - KCR resigned as a minister and MP from Karimnagar and other senior MP, A Narendra too came out from the central ministry. In the state too, the TRS ministers resigned from their posts. There was a by-poll for Karimnagar in 2006 and KCR won it by over a majority of over 2 lac votes which further gave impetus to the creation of Telangana.From 2007, the Telangana voices in Congress, TDP and BJP have intensified. BJP once again came out in support of TS, The Congress HC too wanted to solve this & in 2008, the TDP core committee has decided to change the complete stand of the party in favor of Telangana. The TDP has given a letter to Union govt pledging support for the state.Another development in 2008 was the TRS MLA’s and KCR again resigned. But TRS received a drubbing in the by-poll with just 7 out of 18 MLA’s winning and the majority of KCR in Karimnagar came down from 2 lacs in 2006 to 50,000 votes. There was an internal dissent in TRS too with many leaders switching loyalties to ruling Congress.In the run up to the 2009 polls, every party including the newly formed Praja Rajyam Party by actor Chiranjeevi too pledged support for Telangana. The TRS, TDP and the left parties came together to form a Mahakootami (Grand alliance), the INC on one side and PRP as a third party. There was a mix result is Telangana, INC and Grand alliance won almost equal no of seats, though combined INC scraped through with 156/294 seats.In 2009 Sept, YSR died in a chopper crash and Rosaiah, Finance Minister was sworn in as the CM. In Oct, there was a controversial Govt order 14f - where some rules are perceived to be not favoring Telangana. KCR shrewdly took this issue, came into limelight and on 29/11/2009, started a fast unto death on this issue. The police too arrested TRS cadres and activists and in the hospital, KCR changed the agenda - and said that he is fasting for a separate state of Telangana. This has completely made the state hot in the winter, several violent incidents, arson took place in the movement.On 7/12/2009, an all party meet conducted in the state assembly (barring MIM and CPM) agreed to form a separate Telangana. As the health of KCR was speedily deteriorating, on the 9/12/2009 - the then home minister announced the formation of a separate state of Telangana. On the next day - this led to a sudden uprising in the Andhra and Rayalaseema regions, all the MLA’s and MP’s resigned and there was hartals called against the division. The issue was more about Hyderabad City, it has become a home for Telugu speaking people from more than five decades. Geographically it is in Telangana and economically, it was the entrepreneur class of Andhra who invested in Hyderabad.After a two week in shutdown in Coastal Andhra and R’seema, the center took a U-turn and again said that it will go ahead after consulting all stakeholders. This has created ripples in Telangana. The 1969 movement didn’t had the rural base, but the 2009 movement percolated into the villages. The political parties which have presence in both regions were vertically divided. A joint action committee (JAC) headed by Prof Kodandaram and with the participation of all parties were formed.There was an all party meet on 05/01/2010 and subsequently, Justice Sri Krishna committee was formed to give an opinion on the issue. Meanwhile in 2010, the movement calmed down a bit- 11 TRS MLA’s and 1 BJP MLA resigned to seek mandate from people. The by polls were held on 27/7/2010 and results were announced on 30/7/2010, There was an overwhelming support for the resigned legislators and in this wave, the INC and TDP suffered massive electoral blows. The Universities esp Osmania in Hyd and Kakatiya Univ in Warangal became hotbed for agitations. In Nov 2010, Rosaiah was replaced by Kiran Kumar Reddy as the new chief minister. On 30/12/2010, SKC gave a report - which was made public after a week. It gave six solutions - the first one giving statutory safeguards to Telangana and keep the state united & secondly to divide AP into TS and AP with Hyderabad serving as TS Capital. The committee’s findings didn’t find a sync with the proponents of Telangana and early 2011 has seen many agitations like the Non - cooperation movement and the million march which turned violent and many statues of eminent personalities hailing from Andhra were vandalized and thrown into Hussain Sagar lake.In July 2011, barring few all the MLA’s from Telangana put forward their papers and this created a kind of constitutional crisis with agitations like road blockades, rail rokos and the Vanta - Varpu (Cooking on roads) crippled the state. The central govt too was insensitive, and from 13/09/2011 - the Sakala janula samme (General strike) began with people from all walks of life in support of a separate state. Schools, Temples, Coal Mines and Transport services were shut for around 40 days, though the earlier agitations had violence, the Sakala Janula Samme has seen a Gandhian approach with rather few incidents of violence. It was somehow calmed down by Oct end.In 2012, the movement was rather low key till Sept. On 30/9/2012, lacs of protesters organized Saagara Haaram (March at the Hussain Sagar lake). It turned little violent in the end. In 2012 Dec, the center called for an all party meet - The TDP agreed to TS, YSRCP formed by Jagan too tacitly supported TS. BJP wanted the bill to be introduced in the parliament as soon as possible. So almost a political consensus was achieved.In 2013 July, the CWC has agreed to create Telangana and this in turn led to United Andhra Pradesh Agitations in other parts of the state. Everything was done in quick succession, The Cabinet note was passed on 3/10/2013, the bill was referred to the legislature in Dec 2013 and the bill was passed amidst blackout and din in Loksabha on 18/02/2014 and in Rajyasabha on 20/02/2014 and received the president’s assent on 27/02/2014.So in a nutshell - the economical, geographic, historical and political factors led to the formation of Telangana. The formation of the state looked imminent after a prolonged struggle and with the consent of all the major parties. Nevertheless, some homework could have done that could have satisfied all stakeholders. Nevertheless, past is past and let’s only hope that the two states would usher in peace, progress and prosperity !!

Topics are in bold and italics.1.Global EconomyWhile the G20 was originally established in response to the global financial crisis, its core mission today is to establish economic fundamentals for realizing sustainable and inclusive growth of the global economy. From this perspective, first, the G20 discusses the impact of structural factors on the global economy, such as global imbalances and aging, in addition to monitoring major risks through surveillance of the global economy.Second, the G20 discusses concrete actions for strengthening growth potential. We also discuss sustainable financing to promote Universal Health Coverage (UHC) in developing countries as well as promoting debt transparency and ensuring debt sustainability in low-income countries, in addition to promotion of the Quality Infrastructure Investment (QII), as well as measures that further reinforce the basis of sustainable development, including strengthening financial resilience against natural disasters such as disaster risk financing.Third, in the areas of international taxation and finance, we take up issues of how to respond to economic and social structural changes brought by digitalization and globalization of the economy through technological innovation. This structural change has been radically changing the world's economic and social landscape and business models. In order to harness this change for achieving sound growth, it is urgent to implement policy response in the area of internal taxation and finance, while avoiding harmful fragmentation of the global economic system.Themes 02 Trade and InvestmentInternational trade and investment are important engines of growth, productivity, innovation, job creation and development. The current development surrounding international trade are negatively affecting the prospects of global economy and trade. The G20 members, covering more than 80% of global GDP, have responsibility for resolving this situation. The G20 Ministerial Meeting on Trade and Digital Economy, held in Tsukuba city on June 8 and 9 focuses on the following issues:Dialogue on Current International Trade DevelopmentsA Sound Business Environment that Promotes Market-driven Investment DecisionsPromotion of Trade and Investment that Contribute to Sustainable and Inclusive GrowthWTO Reform, Recent Developments in Bilateral and Regional Trade AgreementsInterface between Trade and Digital Economy (joint session with the Ministerial Meeting on Digital Economy)The rule-based multilateral trading system is at a critical juncture. In order to restore the confidence in the multilateral trading system, it is imperative to maintain and strengthen the momentum of WTO reform. At the Buenos Aires Summit, G20 Leaders expressed their "support [to] the necessary reform of the WTO to improve its functioning", and agreed to review its progress at the Osaka Summit. Based on this, the Japanese presidency will take the lead in discussions in order to provide further political momentum to the WTO reform.Furthermore, based on the discussions that took place in the past G20 summits, we continue to discuss the issue of the steel excess capacity which is a global issue that requires collective response under the Japanese presidency. In this context, the Global Forum for Steel Excess Capacity (GFSEC), which was established in 2016 based on the agreement at the G20 Hangzhou Summit, continues the process of information-sharing on members' production capacities and support measures, as well as the review process based on the provided information.Themes 03 InnovationUnder the past presidencies, G20 discussion has focused on how innovation, including digitalization, drives the economic growth and enhance productivity, while also shedding light on the importance of addressing its impact on labour market, skills, and digital divide. The Japanese presidency proposes focusing on the crucial role played by data in the 21st century economic system.As digitalization is transforming every aspect of our economies and societies, effective use of data is increasingly becoming an important driver of economic growth and social well-being. In January 2019, in his remarks at the World Economic Forum in Davos, Prime Minister Abe Shinzo proposed the concept of "Data Free Flow with Trust" (DFFT), highlighting the necessity to engender public trust in the digital economy to further facilitate data flow. Based on past discussions, the Japanese presidency proposes accelerating international discussions to harness the full potential of data.The presidency also suggests discussing the importance of social application of emerging technologies such as AI (Artificial Intelligence), IoT (Internet of Things), robotics, and big data, which contribute to fully harnessing the opportunities brought about by digitalization, as well as to achieving a "Society 5.0"* and the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs).Under this overarching narrative, Ministerial Meeting on Trade and Economy, held in Tsukuba city on June 8 and 9, discusses the following thematic areas:Data Free Flow with Trust (DFFT)Human-centric AIDigital securityDigital for SDGs and inclusionMoreover, discussion on the interface between trade and digital economy is elaborated during the joint session with Trade Ministers.*Society 5.0 is a human-centred society that achieves a high integration of cyberspace (virtual space) and physical space (real space), coming after the hunting society (Society 1.0), agricultural society (Society 2.0), industrial society (Society 3.0), and information society (Society 4.0). In such a society, new technologies have various transformative impacts on the way how the society works, for example, formulation of optimal value chain; promotion of sustainable industrialization by automated manufacturing; increased production of crops by automating the agricultural work; and extending healthy life expectancy and reducing the social cost by preventive examinations and nursing-care robots; to name a few. For more information on "Society 5.0", refer to the following introductory video clip.(https://www.gov-online.go.jp/cam/s5/eng/index.htmlOpen a new window)Themes 04 Environment and EnergyClimate ChangeClimate change, which is becoming more serious as seen by the frequent occurrence of disasters due to extreme climate all over the world in recent years, poses immediate challenges that require concerted actions by the international community. To address climate related challenges in a global scale under the framework of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change and the Paris Agreement, it is necessary to accelerate "a virtuous cycle of environment and growth" and aim to create a paradigm shift which promotes business-led innovation. To facilitate such efforts, it will be essential to create a number of innovations in the field of climate change and apply them in society. G20 members are focusing on discussing issues such as innovation, finance mobilization, and collaborating with non-state actors, together with addressing traditional major topics including mitigation, adaptation and climate finance.EnergyG20 Ministerial Meeting on Energy Transitions and Global Environment for Sustainable Growth is held on 15 to 16 June 2019 in Karuizawa, Nagano. Regarding energy, while attaching importance on energy transitions in accordance with each country's own circumstances, discussions at the Ministerial Meeting and the G20 Osaka Summit focuses on accelerating innovation such as hydrogen and Carbon Capture, Utilization and Storage (CCUS) as a major impetus for a virtuous cycle of environmental and growth, mobilizing private finance for innovation, and improving business environment for dissemination of innovative technologies. In addition, building upon the outcomes of the discussion on energy during the previous Presidencies, various energy-related issues are comprehensively discussed.Environment (Marine Plastic Litter)Marine plastic litter, which has been attracting global attention in recent years, is an urgent challenge, given that it harms the marine ecosystem and impacts our health. In order to resolve this problem, measures to address this issue need to be taken by all countries, including emerging economies. G20 members are discussing how to prevent the discharge of plastic litter into the ocean and facilitate innovation in order to intensify global efforts on this issues at the "G20 Ministerial Meeting on Energy Transitions and Global Environment for Sustainable Growth" and the G20 Osaka Summit.Themes 05 EmploymentThe world of work faces significant changes driven by globalization, digitalization, demographic transitions, and a shift in individual and societal expectations about work and welfare. Under Japanese Presidency, changes in the world of work and how it can enable improvement in the governance of labour market, legal framework, institutions, and policy approaches to increase productivity and to maximize benefits for workers and employers are discussed at the G20 Osaka Summit in June. Three pillars of discussion are: (1) adapting to demographic change; (2) promoting gender equality in labour markets; and (3) exchanging national policies and practices in response to the new forms of work.In addition, Labour and Employment Minister's Meeting, held at Matsuyama city in September, follows up implementation of measures agreed by G20 leaders at the Osaka Summit. Moreover, the importance of tourism and agriculture is underlined as perspective solutions for employment, women's empowerment and development. To deal with these issues, Tourism Minister's Meeting is held in October in Kucchan city, in addition to the Agriculture Minister's Meeting in Niigata city in May.Themes 06 Women's EmpowermentWomen's empowerment is essential for achieving sustainable and inclusive economic growth. Discussions under the Japanese Presidency is made under the following three pillars: (1) implementation of G20 commitments including those related to women's labour participation, (2) enhancing support for girls' and women's education including STEM (Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics) area, (3) engagement with women business leaders and entrepreneurs.On women's labour participation, G20 Leaders committed to the Brisbane Commitment "25 by 25," to reduce the gender gap in labour force participation by 25 per cent by 2025 at the Brisbane Summit in 2014. Taking effective measures to ensure the implementation of this goal continues to be a priority for the G20. Further, continued action is necessary in improving the quality of women's employment, reducing the gender pay gap and protecting women from all forms of gender-based discrimination.Education plays a key role in realizing women's empowerment. As digitalization is transforming society, STEM education for girls is crucial. It is also important to take measures to address all forms of gender-based violence, including in the digital context.To take forward the agreement at the Buenos Aires Summit, discussions focus on how to better engage with women entrepreneurs and business leaders.Themes 07 DevelopmentDevelopment is an important issue for realizing inclusive and sustainable world and discussion on this topic has been elaborated under the past G20 presidencies. It has become increasingly relevant after the adoption of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) at the United Nations in 2015. In 2016, G20 committed to further aligning its work with the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development through the G20 Action Plan on the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development.This year is of particular significance, as 2019 is an important milestone year in reviewing international efforts on the SDGs, with the leaders' High-Level Political Forum (SDG Summit), the first-ever UN Summit since the adoption of the 2030 Agenda to be held in New York in September.Moreover, the Japanese presidency envisages discussion on the following themes, particularly on the importance of quality Infrastructure and human capital investment in order to promote development, especially in developing countries:2030 Agenda for Sustainable DevelopmentAccountabilitySTI (Science Technology and Innovations) for SDGsQuality Infrastructure for Connectivity Enhancement towards Sustainable Development (in cooperation with the Infrastructure Working Group)Human Capital InvestmentJapan promotes development considering a synergy of the aforementioned UN Summit with the 7th Tokyo International Conference on African Development (TICAD VII), held in August of this year.Themes 08 HealthGlobal health is an important topic that is essential as a basis for sustainable growth of the global economy. The WHO is invited to the Osaka Summit. In the G20 Osaka summit, three elements, namely 1. Achievement of Universal Health Coverage (UHC), 2. Response to Aging society, and 3. Management of Health Emergencies including antimicrobial resistance (AMR) are the priority areas of discussion of the Presidency. The discussion includes Japan's unique and new perspectives such as using innovation and technology as well as promoting "healthy and active aging". With regard to the importance of sustainable health financing towards UHC, in order to encourage global and technical discussion. In addition, a Joint Session of the G20 Finance and Health Ministers is held in parallel with the G20 summit in Osaka. In addition, the Health Minister's Meeting is held in Okayama in October.