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What is the strangest election in history?The 2004 US presidential election was the strangest in history. I’m not the only person who holds that opinion:https://www.electionmathematics.org/em-exitpolls/Exit_Polls_2004_Edison-Mitofsky.pdfhttps://www.issuelab.org/resources/1297/1297.pdfhttps://www.globalresearch.ca/evidence-of-fraud-in-the-2004-u-s-presidential-election-a-reader/53107051. The Openness of New Voting Technologies to FraudBrady, Henry E., Justin Buchler, Matt Jarvis, John McNulty. Counting All the Votes: The Performance of Voting Technology in the United States. 57 pp. Department of Political Science, Survey Research Center, and Institute of Government Studies, University of California, Berkeley (September 2001), http://www.ucdata.berkeley.edu .Coleridge, Greg. “Closing the Circle: The Corporatization of Elections.” The Free Press (17 November 2004), http://www.freepress.org/departments/display/19/2004/875 .Collier, James M., and Kenneth F. Collier. Votescam: The Stealing of America. Victoria House Press, 1992. ISBN 0963416308.Collier, Victoria. “Computerized Election Fraud in America: A Brief History.” Votescam (25 October 2003), http://www.votescam.com/abriefhistory.php .“Company Defends Electronic Voting System.” Associated Press, The New York Times (25 July 2003), available (thanks to W. R. Mebane) at http://www.macht.arts.cornell.edu/wrm1/gov317/diebold/AP-Electronic-Voting-Flaws.25jul2003.html .Conover, Bev. “Computerized voting systems cannot be made secure.” Online Journal (20 October 2003), http://www.onlinejournal.com/evoting/102003Conover/102003conover.html .——. “Voting: When low-tech beats high-tech.” Online Journal (25 June 2004), http://www.onlinejournal.com/evoting/062504Conover/062504conover.html .Diebold, Inc. “Technical Response to the Johns Hopkins Study on Voting Systems.” 25 July 2003, available (thanks to W. R. Mebane) at http://www.macht.arts.cornell.edu/wrm1/gov317/diebold/technical.25jul2003.htm .Equal Justice Foundation. Vote Fraud and Election Issues. Last updated 27 September 2004. http://www.ejfi.org/Voting/Voting.htm#fraud .“Groups Question Voting Machines’ Accuracy.” Associated Press (30 October 2003), available (thanks to W. R. Mebane) at http://macht.arts.cornell.edu/wrm1/gov/diebold/AP-Election-Worries.30oct.2003.html .Halpert, Oscar. “Bev Harris was among the first to raise concerns about touch-screen machines.” Verified Voting (1 June 2004), http://www.verifiedvoting.org/article.php?id=2277 .Harris, Bev. Black Box Voting: Ballot Tampering in the 21st Century. Renton, WA: Talion Publishing/Black Box Voting, 2003. ISBN 1890916900. Free internet version available at http://www.blackboxvoting.org .——. “Inside a U.S. Election Vote Counting Program.” Scoop (8 July 2003), http://www.scoop.co.nz/mason/stories/HL0307/S00065.htm ; Truthout (July 2003), http://www.truthout.org/docs_03/voting.shtml .——. “Bald-Faced Lies About Black Box Voting Machines and The Truth About the Rob-Georgia File.” Scoop (10 July 2003), http://www.scoop.co.nz/mason/stories/HL0307/S00078.htm .——. “Internal Memos: Diebold Doing End-Runs Around Certification.” Scoop (12 September 2003), http://www.scoop.co.nz/mason/stories/HL0309/S00150.htm .Internet Policy Institute. Report of the National Workshop on Internet Voting: Issues and Research Agenda. March 2001. 62 pp. Sponsored by the National Science Foundation. Conducted in cooperation with the University of Maryland and hosted by the Freedom Forum. http://www.nsfe-voterprt.pdf .Jones, Douglas W. “Problems with Voting Systems and the Applicable Standards.” Testimony before the U.S. House of Representatives’ Committee on Science, Washington D.C (22 May 2001), http://www.cs.uiowa.edu/~jones/voting .——. “Auditing elections.” Communications of the ACM 47.10 (October 2004): 46-50, http://www.portal.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=0922594.1022622 .Kohno, Tadayoshi, Adam Stubblefield, Aviel D. Rubin, and Dan S. Wallach. “Analysis of an Electronic Voting System.” IEEE Symposium on Security and Privacy, Oakland CA, May 2004. http://avirubin.com/vote/analysis/index.html .Kocher, Paul, and Bruce Schneier. “Insider Risks in Elections.” Inside Risks 169, CACM 47, 7 (July 2004), http://www.csl.sri.com/users/neumann/insiderisks04.html .Konrad, Rachel. “Electronic Voting Firm Drops Legal Case.” Associated Press (2 December 2003), available (thanks to W. R. Mebane) at http://macht.arts.cornell.edu/wrm1/gov317/diebold/mherald.diebold.02dec2003.htmlLandes, Lynn. “Mission impossible: Federal observers & voting machines.” Online Journal(26 November 2002), http://www.onlinejournal.com/evoting/112602Landes/112602landes.html .——. “Voting machines violate Constitution: Who will launch legal challenge?” Online Journal (15 April 2003), http://www.onlinejournal.com/evoting/041503Landes/041503landes.html .——. “Offshore company captures online military vote.” Online Journal (21 July 2003), http://www.onlinejournal.com/evoting/072103Landes/072103landes.html .——. “Internet Voting—The End of Democracy?” 27 August 2003. http://www.ecotalk.org/InternetVoting.htm ; Online Journal (4 September 2003), http://www.onlinejournal.com/evoting/090403Landes/090403landes.html .——. “Republicans and Brits will count California’s recall votes.” Online Journal (6 October 2003), http://www.onlinejournal.com/evoting/100603Landes/100603landes.html .——. “NIST ignores scientific method for voting technology.” Online Journal (16 December 2003), http://www.onlinejournal.com/evoting/121603Landes/121603landes.html .Mebane, Walter R., and Jasjeet S. Sekhon. “Robust Estimation and Outlier Detection for Overdispersed Multinomial Models of Count Data.” American Journal of Political Science 48 (April 2004): 391-400, http://www.elections.fas.harvard.edu/index.html .——, Jasjeet S. Sekhon and Jonathan Wand. “Detecting and Correcting Election Irregularities.” Working Paper, 9 October 2003, http://wand.stanford.edu/elections .Mercuri, Rebecca. Electronic Vote Tabulation: Checks and Balances. Ph.D. Thesis, Department of Computer and Information Systems, School of Engineering and Applied Science, University of Pennsylvania, 2001. Available from http://www.umi.com (Thesis # 3003665).——. Electronic Voting. http://www.notablesoftware.com/evote.html .——, and Peter G. Neumann. “Verification for Electronic Balloting Systems.” Chapter 3 of Secure Electronic Voting, ed. Dimitris Gritzalis. Advances in Information Security, vol. 7. Boston: Kluwer Academic Publishers, 2002. ISBN 1402073011.Norr, Henry. “The Risks of Touch-Screen Balloting.” San Francisco Chronicle (4 December 2000), http://www.sfgate.com/cgi-bin/article.cgi?file=/chronicle/archive/2000/12/04/BU91811.DTL .Rubin, Aviel. “Testimony, U.S. Election Assistance Commission. Dr. Aviel Rubin, Professor of Computer Science, May 5, 2004.” http://avirubin.com/vote .Saltman, Roy G. Accuracy, Integrity, and Security in Computerized Vote-Tallying. NBS Special Publication 500-158. Institute for Computer Sciences and Technology, National Bureau of Standards. Gaithersburg, MD 20899, August 1988. http://www.itl.nist.gov/lab/specpubs/500-158.htm .Schneier, Bruce. Applied Cryptography. 2nd edition. New York: John Wiley & Sons, 1996. ISBN 0471128457 (Paper: 0471117099).——. “Voting and Technology.” Crypto-Gram Newsletter (15 December 2000), http://www.schneier.com/crypto-gram-0012.html .Schwartz, John. “Report Raises Electronic Vote Security Issues.” The New York Times (25 September 2003), available (thanks to W. R. Mebane) at http://macht.arts.cornell.edu/wrm1/gov317/diebold/25VOTE.25sep2003.html .——. “File Sharing Pits Copyright Against Free Speech.” The New York Times (3 November 2003), available (thanks to W. R. Mebane) at http://macht.arts/cornell.edu/wr,1/gov317/diebold/03secure.03nov2003.html .Sludge, C. D. ” Sludge Report #154: Bigger Than Watergate! How to Rig an Election in the United States.” Scoop (8 July 2003), http://www.scoop.co.nz/mason/stories/HL0307/S00064.htm .Thompson, Alastair. “Diebold Internal Mail Confirms U.S. Vote Count Vulnerabilities.” Scoop (12 September 2003), http://www.scoop.co.nz/mason/stories/HL0309/S00106.htm .Thompson, Ken. “Reflections on Trusting Trust.” Communications of the ACM 27.8 (August 1984): 761-63. http://www.acm.org/classics/sep95 .Wand, Jonathan N. A., Jasjeet S. Sekhon, and Walter R. Mebane, Jr. “A Comparative Analysis of Multinomial Voting Irregularities: Canada 2000.” Proceedings of the American Statistical Society (2001), http://wand.stanford.edu/elections/canada/parliament .Williams, Britain J. “Security in the Georgia Voting System.” 23 April 2003, available at http://macht.arts.cornell.edu/wrm1/gov317/diebold/index.html .Zetter, Kim. “Time to Recall E-Vote Machines?” Wired News (6 October 2003), http://www.wired.com/news/politics/0,1283,60713,00.html?tw=wn_story_related .——. “Aussies Do It Right: E-Voting.” Wired News (3 November 2003), http://www.wired.com/news/ebiz/0,1272,61045,00.html .——. “E-Voting Undermined By Sloppiness.” Wired News (17 December 2003), http://www.wired.com/news/evote/0,2645,61637,00.html?tw=wn_story_related .——. “E-Vote Still Flawed, Experts Say.” Wired News (29 January 2004), http://www.wired.com/news/business/0,1367,62109.00,html .2. Allegations and Evidence of Fraud in Recent U.S. ElectionsCollier, James M., and Kenneth F. Collier. Votescam: The Stealing of America. Victoria House Press, 1992. ISBN 0963416308.Collier, Victoria. “Your stolen vote—the missing piece of the puzzle.” May 2000; republished by Online Journal (8 February 2001), http://www.onlinejournal.com/evoting/020801Collier/020801collier.html .——. “Computerized Election Fraud in America: A Brief History.” VoteScam (25 October 2003), http://www.votescam.com/abriefhistory.php .Conover, Bev. “Once again, the media try to con the people into believing Bush won.” Online Journal (5 April 2001), http://www.onlinejournal.com/evoting/040501Conover/040501conover.html .——. “Florida’s ‘fixed it’ farce.” Online Journal (11 May 2001), http://www.onlinejournal.com/evoting/051101Conover/051101conover.html .Conyers, John Jr., and Democratic Investigative Staff, House Committee on the Judiciary. How to Make Over One Million Votes Disappear: Electoral Sleight of Hand in the 2000 Presidential Election. A Fifty-State Report Prepared for Rep. John Conyers, Jr. (Ranking Member, House Committee on the Judiciary; Dean, Congressional Black Caucus. 122 pp. Washington, DC: U.S. House of Representatives, August 20, 2001. http://www.electionreport.pdf .Equal Justice Foundation. Vote Fraud and Election Issues. Last updated 27 September 2004. http://www.ejfi.org/Voting/Voting.htm#fraud .Gumbel, Andrew. “All the President’s votes? A quiet revolution is taking place in U.S. politics. By the time it’s over, the integrity of elections will be in the unchallenged, unscrutinised control of a few large—and pro-Republican—corporations. Andrew Gumbel wonders if democracy in America can survive.” The Independent (13 October 2003), http://www.news.independent.co.uk/world/americas/story.jsp?story=452972 ; also available at Common Dreams News Center, http://www.commondreams.org/headlines03/103301.htm .Harris, Bev. Black Box Voting: Ballot Tampering in the 21st Century. Renton, WA: Talion Publishing/Black Box Voting, 2003. ISBN 1890916900. Free internet version available at http://www.blackboxvoting.org .——. “Bald-Faced Lies About Black Box Voting Machines and The Truth About the Rob-Georgia File.” Scoop (10 July 2003), http://www.scopp.co.nz/mason/stories/HL0307/S00078.htm .Landes, Lynn. “2002 elections: Republican voting machines, election irregularities, and ‘way-off’ polling results.” Online Journal (8 November 2002), http://www.onlinejournal.com/evoting/110802Landes/110802landes.html .——. Election Fraud and Irregularities—BY YEAR. http://www.ecotalk.org/VotingMachineErrors.htm .Mercuri, Rebecca. “Florida 2002: Sluggish Systems, Vanishing Votes.” Inside Risks 149, CACM 45, 11 (November 2002), http://www.csl.sri.com/users/neumann/insiderisks.html#149 .Shafer, Jack. “Defending the Projectionists.” Slate (15 November 2000), http://slate.msn.com/id/1006506 .Zetter, Kim. “Did E-Vote Firm Patch Election?” Wired News (13 October 2003), http://www.wired.com/news/politics/0,1283,60563,00.html?tw=wn_story_related .3. Advance Warnings of Fraud in the 2004 Presidential ElectionAllen, David. “Inside An E-Voting Whitewash Conference Call.” Scoop (23 August 2003), http://www.scoop.co.nz/mason/stories/HL0308/S00175.htm .Boyle, Alan. “E-voting firm reports computer break-in.” MSNBC (29 December 2003), http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/3825143 .CalTech/MIT Voting Technology Project. “Immediate Steps to Avoid Lost Votes in the 2004 Presidential Election: Recommendations for the Election Assistance Commission.” July 2004. http://www.vote.caltech.edu/Reports/index.html .“Electronic Frontier Foundation and Stanford Law Clinic Sue Electronic Voting Machine Company: Student Publishers and ISP Aim to Stop Diebold’s Abusive Copyright Claims.” Electronic Frontier Foundation Media Release (3 November 2003), http://www.eff.org/legal/ISP_liability/OPG_v_Diebold/20031103_eff_pr.php .Fitrakis, Bob. “Diebold, electronic voting and the vast right-wing conspiracy.” The Free Press (24 February 2004), http://www.freepress.org/columns/display/3/2004/834 .——. “Death of a patriot: no more.” The Free Press (17 March 2004), http://www.freepress.org/columns/display/3/2004/853 .——. “E-Voting: The new battle hymn of the republic.” Online Journal (11 September 2004), http://www.onlinejournal.com/evoting/091104Fitrakis/091104fitrakis.html .——, and Harvey Wasserman. “Diebold’s Political Machine.” Mother Jones Magazine (5 March 2004), http://www.motherjones.com/commentary/columns/2004/03/03_200.html .——, and Harvey Wasserman. “Twelve ways Bush is now stealing the Ohio vote.” The Free Press (27 October 2004), http://www.freepress.org/departments/display/19/2004/810 .Fox, Pimm. “Worrying About Election Day.” Computerworld (27 September 2004), http://www.keepmedia.com/pubs/Computerworld/2004/09/27/596859 .Gillmor, Dan. “Flawed Vote Could Give IT A Black Eve.” Computerworld (1 November 2004), http://www.keepmedia.com/pubs/Computerworld/2004/11/01/641469 .Goodman, Amy, et al. “Will Bush Backers Manipulate Votes to Deliver GW Another Election?” Democracy Now! (4 September 2003), available at Common Dreams News Center, http://www.commondreams.org/headlines03/0904-10.htm .Gumbel, Andrew. “Mock the vote.” Los Angeles City Beat (29 October 2003), available at http://www.wesjones.com/mockthevote.htm .——. “All the President’s votes? A quiet revolution is taking place in U.S. politics. By the time it’s over, the integrity of elections will be in the unchallenged, unscrutinised control of a few large—and pro-Republican—corporations. Andrew Gumbel wonders if democracy in America can survive.” The Independent (13 October 2003), http://www.news.independent.co.uk/world/americas/story.jsp?story=452972 ; also available at Common Dreams News Center, http://www.commondreams.org/headlines03/1033-01.htm .——. “Portrait of a Country on the Verge of a Nervous Breakdown.” The Independent (24 October 2004), also available at Common Dreams News Center, http://www.commondreams.org/headlines04/1024-01.htm .Hales, Paul. “’Civil disobedience’ campaign targets Diebold: Students threaten freedom to manipulate elections.” The Inquirer (22 October 2003), http://www.theinquirer.net/?article==12261 .Harris, Bev. “Voting industry insiders hold secret meeting to hire PR firm to sell electronic voting to public.” Online Journal (26 August 2003), http://www.onlinejournal.com/evoting/082604Harris/082604harris.html .Hartmann, Thom. “If You Want to Win an Election, Just Control the Voting Machines.” Common Dreams News Center (31 January 2003). http://www.commondreams.org/views03/0131-01.htm ; Scoop (31 January 2003), http://www.scoop.co.nz/mason/stories/HL0302/S00009.htm ; Online Journal (6 February 2003), http://www.onlinejournal.com/evoting/020603Hartmann/020603hartmann.html .——. “A Winning Machine.” AlterNet (4 February 2003), http://www.alternet.org/story/15103 .——. “Now your vote is the property of a private corporation.” | The Smirking Chimp (11 March 2003), http://www.smirkingchimp.com/print.php?sid=10536 ; Online Journal (13 March 2003), http://www.onlinejournal.com/evoting/031303Hartmann/031303hartmann.html .——. The Theft of Your Vote is Just a Chip Away.” AlterNet (30 July 2003), http://www.alternet.org/story/16474 .Heichler, Elizabeth. “Criticism of Electronic Voting Machines’ Security is Mounting.” Computerworld (15 December 2003), http://www.keepmedia.com/pubs/Computerworld/2003/12/15/335119?from=search .“How George W. Bush Won the 2004 Presidential Election.” Infernal Press (25 June 2003), http://www.infernalpress.com/Columns/election.html ; Centre for Research on Globalization (15 July 2003), http://www.globalresearch.ca/articles/INF307A.html .Jones, Douglas W. “E-voting: Are our defenses adequate to defend citizens rights?” Paper presented to the International Telecommunications Union Workshop on Challenges, Perspectives and Standardization Issues in E-government, Geneva, Switzerland (6 June 2003), http://www.cs.uiowa.edu/~jones/voting/geneva .——. “The Diebold AccuVote TS Should be Decertified.” ESENEX Security Symposium, Washington DC (6 August 2003), http://www.cs.uiowa.edu/~jones/voting/dieboldusenix.html .——. “Recommendations for the Conduct of Elections in Miami-Dade County Using the ES&S iVotronic System.” 13 May 2004, revised 7 June 2004. http://www.csuiowa/~jones/voting .——, David L. Dill, Peter G. Neumann, Aviel Rubin, Dan Wallach. “To the concerned citizens and elected officials of the State of Ohio.” 26 February 2004, http://www.cs.uiowa.edu/~jones/voting .“Journalist [Lynn Landes] seeks temporary restraining orders against use of voting machines & absentee ballots.” Online Journal (18 October 2004), http://www.onlinejournal.com/evoting/101804NewsFlash/101804newsflash.html .King, Martin Luther III, and Greg Palast. “Jim Crow Revived in Cyberspace.” The Baltimore Sun (8 May 2003); also available at http://www.gregpalast.com/detail.cfm?artid=222&row=1 .Landes, Lynn. “Voting machine fiasco: SAIC, VoteHere and Diebold.” Online Journal (20 August 2003), http://www.onlinejournal.com/evoting/082003Landes/082003landes.html .——. Voting Systems Orgs and Companies. http://www.ecotalk.org/VotingMachineCompanies.htm .——. “Democrats send mixed signals in voting technology debate.” Online Journal (29 January 2004), http://www.onlinejournal.com/evoting/012904Landes/012904landes.html.——. “Questions mount over New Hampshire’s primary.” Online Journal (11 February 2004), http://www.onlinejournal.com/evoting/021104Landes/021104landes.html .——. “Faking democracy: Americans don’t vote, machines do, & ballot printers can’t fix that.” Online Journal (2 April 2004), http://www.onlinejournal.com/evoting/040704Landes/040704landes.html .——. “Two voting companies and two brothers will count 80 percent of U.S. election using both scanners & touchscreens.” Online Journal (28 April 2004), http://www.onlinejournal.com/evoting/042804Landes/042804landes.html .——. “Federal commission nixes talk of paper-only elections; stacks panels with proponents of paperless touchscreens.” Online Journal (12 May 2004), http://www.onlinejournal.com/evoting/051204Landes/051204landes.html .——. “Could the Associated Press rig the election?” Online Journal (23 October 2004), http://www.onlinejournal.com/evoting/102304Landes/102304landes.html .——. “If this election is stolen, will it be by enough to stop a recount?” Online Journal (31 October 2004), http://www.onlinejournal.com/evoting/103104Landes/103104landes.html.Leopold, Jason. “Electronic voting minus paper trails makes it easy to rig elections.” Online Journal (4 September 2003), http://www.onlinejournal.com/evoting/090403Leopard/090403leopard.html .Machlis, Sharon. “A Voter’s Paper Trail.” Computerworld (5 July 2004), http://www.keepmedia.com/pubs/Computerworld/2004/07/05/505110 .Mercuri, Rebecca. Press Release (24 September 2002): “MIT vs. Mercuri. Rebecca Mercuri rebuts recent MIT/CalTech voting systems analysis and calls for moratorium on new electronic balloting equipment purchases.” http://www.notablesoftware.com/Papers/MITvsMercuri.html .Moore, Steve. “E-Democracy: Stealing the Election in 2004.” Global Outlook 8 (Summer 2004); Centre for Research on Globalization (11 July 2004), http://www.globalresearch.ca/articles/MOO407A.html .“On Election Day 2004, How Will You Know If Your Vote Is Properly Counted? Answer: You Won’t. NJ Rep. Rush Holt Introduces Legislation to Require All Voting Machines To Produce A Paper Trail.” OpEdNews (n.d.), http://www.opednews.com/holt%20paper%20balloy%20bill.htm .Palast, Greg. “Florida Computers Snatch Thousands of Votes from Kerry.” Truthout (26 October 2004), http://www.truthout.org/docs_04/102904X.shtml ; also published under the title “Florida’s Computers Have Already Counted Thousands of Votes for George W. Bush.” Common Dreams News Center (28 October 2004), http://www.commondreams.org/head;ines04/1028-02.htm .——. “Electoral Fraud, Ethnic Cleansing of Voter Rolls, An Election Spoiled Rotten.” http://TomPaine.com (1 November 2004), http://www.tompaine.com ; Centre for Research on Globalization (4 November 2004), http://www.globalresearch.ca/articles/PAL411A.html .Pitt, William Rivers. “Desperate Measures.” Truthout (20 October 2004), http://www.truthout.org/docs_04/102004A.shtml .Plissner, Martin. “Exit polls to protect the vote.” The New York Times (17 October 2004), http://www.nytimes.com/2004/10/17/weekinreview/plis.html ; also available at http://Bellaciao.org (7 November 2004), http://bellaciao.org/en/article.php3?id_article=4196 .Redman, Colleen. “Voting machine voodoo: Democracy at risk.” Online Journal (19 November 2003), http://www.onlinejournal.com/evoting/111903Redman/111903redman.html .Roberts, Paul. “Dean, Other Dems Sound Off on E-voting Security.” Computerworld (2 August 2004), http://www.keepmedia.com/pubs/Computerworld/2004/08/02/518749 .Schulte, Brigid. “Maryland Voting System’s Security Challenged: Electronic Cheating Too Easy, Study Shows.” The Washington Post (25 July 2003), available (thanks to W. R. Mebane) at http://macht.arts.cornell.edu/wrm1/gov317/diebold/A42928-2003jul24 .——. “Maryland Plans Fixes After Vote System is Faulted.” The Washington Post (25 September 2003), available (thanks to W. R. Mebane) at http://www.macht.arts.cornell.edu/wrm1/gov317/diebold/A60825-2003Sep24 .Slashdot file of stories (dating from July 2003 to October 2004) about electronic voting machines, Diebold Incorporated, and free speech issues. The file includes the following stories:“Maryland Tests Voting Machines, Declares Success” (posted 22 October 2004)“Diebold Rejected in Copyright Takedown Attempt” (posted 10 October 2004)“Chimp Can Hack Diebold Electronic Voting System” (posted 24 September 2004)“More Diebold E-Voting Vulnerabilities” (posted 22 September 2004)“California AG Says He’ll Sue Diebold” (posted 7 September 2004)“No Secret Ballot for Military Personnel?” (posted 4 September 2004)“Vote Tabulator Security Hole Exposed” (posted 30 August 2004)“Australian Voting Software Goes Closed Source” (posted 4 August 2004)“Diebold Sued (Again) Over Shoddy Voting Machines” (posted 12 July 2004)“Who’s Blocking Verified E-Voting?” (posted 11 June 2004)“Feds to Open BlackBoxVoting User Logs?” (posted 19 May 2004)“Indian Voting Machines Compared with Diebold” (posted 14 May 2004)“California County Sues State Over E-Vote Ban” (posted 9 May 2004)“Evoting in the News” (posted 7 May 2004)“CA Secretary of State Bans Diebold Machines” (posted 1 May 2004)http://slashdot.org/search.p?query=diebold&op=stories&author=tid=&section=&sort=1 .Sludge, C. D. “Sludge #156: SAIC Connected to E-Voting Whitewash.” Scoop (23 August 2003), http://www.scoop.co.nz/mason/stories/HL0308/S00173.htm .——. “Sludge Report #157: The ITAA, The Election Center, & Doug Lewis.” Scoop (23 August 2003), http://www.scoop.co.nz/mason/stories/HL0308/S00174.htm .Sperry, Mac. “Stopping the vote theft—urgent—drop all else.” Online Journal (25 October 2003), http://www.onlinejournal.com/evoting/102503Sperry/102503sperry.html .Stroh, Michael. “Defects detected in voting machines: Hopkins researchers say Maryland’s electronic terminals are vulnerable to hackers.” The Baltimore Sun (24 July 2003), available (thanks to W. R. Mebane) at http://macht.arts.cornell.edu/wrm1/gov317/diebold/A42928-2003jul24 .Verton, Dan. “E-vote at Risk.” Computerworld (18 October 2004), http://www.keepmedia.com/pubs/Computerworld/2004/10/18/622389 .Zeller, Tom. “Ready or Not (and Maybe Not), Electronic Voting Goes National.” The New York Times (19 September 2004); Truthout (20 September 2004), http://www.truthout.org/docs_04/092004L.shtml .4. Allegations and Evidence of Fraud in the 2004 Presidential Election“Academia still fixated on November 2.” Associated Press (19 November 2004), http://www.cnn.com/2004/ALLPOLITICS/11/19/election.aftermath.ap/index.html .Adams, Brandon. An Examination of the 2004 Elections. 7 November 2004, updated 10 November 2004. This site includes the following items:“President Bush given greater preference than Republican Senate candidate in all but two counties in Florida”“Total Votes Cast Outnumber Voter Turnout in Florida”“Floridan Votes, Sorted by Voting Technology”“Floridan Votes, Sorted by Machine Vendor”“Floridan Votes, Sorted by Voting Machine Model”“Percentage of Candidate’s Votes Contributed by Model.” http://www.electionexamination.blogspot.com .Azulay, Jessica. “Amid Charges of Vote Suppression, Activists Look for Larger Fraud.” ZNet(13 November 2004), http://www.zmag.org/content/showarticle.cfm?SectionID=90&ItemID=6638 .“Berkeley Researchers Report ‘Unexplained Discrepancy’ in FLA Vote Totals. Study released Thursday indicates the probability is that electronic voting machines may have awarded 130,000-260,000 or more in excess votes to Bush in Florida.” Buzzflash (18 November 2004), http://www.buzzflash.com/analysis/04/11/ana04028.html .Bernstein, David S. “Questioning Ohio: No controversy this time? Think again.” The Boston Phoenix (12-18 November 2004), http://www.bostonphoenix.com/boston/news_features/other_stories/multi-page/documents/04256171.asp .Buchanan, Wyatt. “If It’s Too Bad to be True, It May Not be Voter Fraud. Most statistical enigmas in recent election have logical explanations, despite Web rants.” San Francisco Chronicle (11 November 2004); also available at http://www.verifiedvoting.org/article.php?id=5239 .Burns, Margie. “Dirty work at Philly polls.” OpEdNews (15 November 2004), http://www.opednews.com/burns_111504_philly_polls.htm .Byrne, John. “Kerry seen as presidential victor in early exit polls.” The Blue Lemur (2 November 2004, 3:15 p.m.), http://www.bluelemur.com/index.php?p=386 .——. “Odds of Bush gaining by 4 percent in all exit polling states 1 in 50,000; Evoting/paper variance not found to be significant.” The Blue Lemur (8 November 2004), http://www.bluelemur.com/index.php?p=405 .CalTech/MIT Voting Technology Project. “Voting Machines and the Underestimate of the Bush Vote.” Version 2 (11 November 2004), available at http://www.verifiedvoting.org/article.php?id=5243 .Cannon, Joseph. “The empire strikes back: Data and disinformation.” Cannonfire (12 November 2004), http://www.cannonfire.blogspot.com/2004/11/empire-strikes-back-data-and.html .——. “Full court press on vote fraud.” Cannonfire (24 November 2004), http://cannonfire.blogspot.com/2004/11/full-court-press-on-vote-fraud.html .Cardinale, Matthew. “A Genealogy of Votergate Media Coverage 2004: Through the Eyes of Googlenews.” OpEdNews (10 November 2004), http://www.opednews.com/cardinale_111004_votergate_media.htm .‘caro’. “Reconstructing the Crime.” Radio Left (12 November 2004), http://blog.radioleft.com/blog/-archives/2004/11/12/181769.html .Chin, Larry. “The Stolen Election of 2004: welcome back to hell.” Online Journal (5 November 2004), http://www.onlinejournal.com/evoting/110504Chin/110504chin.html ; Centre for Research on Globalization (5 November 2004), http://www.globalresearch.ca/articles/CHI411B.html .Cohen, Ariella. “Voter Suppression Challenged by Ohioans, Allies.” The New Standard (25 November 2004), http://newstandardnews.net/content/?action=show_item&itemid=1249.Cohn, Marjorie. “Litigating the Election.” Truthout (22 November 2004), http://www.truthout.org/docs_04/112204A.shtml .“Computer error at voting machine gives Bush 3,893 extra votes.” Akron Beacon Journal(5 November 2004), http://www.ohio.com/mld/beaconjournal/news/state/10103910.htm?1c .“Computer glitch still baffles county clerk.” News-Dispatch (4 November 2004), http://www.michigancitym.com/articles/2004/11/04/news02.txt .“Computer May Have Lost 4,500 N.C. Votes.” Guardian Unlimited (4 November 2004), http://www.guardian.co.uk/uslatest/story/0,1282,-459634,4,00.html .Conover, Bev. “We Wuz Robbed… Again!” Online Journal (12 November 2004), http://www.onlinejournal.com/Commentary/111204Conover/111204conover.html .“Conservatives rail against MSNBC’s Olbermann for reporting election irregularities.” Media Matters for America (16 November 2004), http://www.mediamatters.org/items/printable/200411160006 .Conyers, John Jr., Jerrold Nadler, Robert Wexler (Members of the Congress of the United States, House of Representatives). “Letter to GAO Comptroller Walker Requesting Investigation of Voting Machines and Technologies Used in 2004 Election.” 5 November 2004. http://www.house.gov/conyers .Conyers, John Jr., Jerrold Nadler, Robert Wexler, Robert C. Scott, Melvin Watt, Rush Holt (Members of the Congress of the United States, House of Representatives). “Follow-up Letter to GAO Comptroller Walker Requesting Investigation of Voting Machines and Technologies Used in 2004 Election.” 8 November 2004. http://www.house.gov/conyers .Corn, David. “Going Down the Stolen Election Road?” The Nation (10 November 2004), available at Alternet, http://www.alternet.org/election04/20458 .“Countinghouse blues: Too many votes.” 6 News Omaha: Omaha Breaking News, Weather and Sports. Nebraska News. | WOWT.com (n.d.), http://www.wowt.com/news/headlines/1161971.html .Crampton, Thomas. “Global monitors find faults.” International Herald Tribune (3 November 2004), http://www.iht.com/bin/print_ipub.php?file=articles/2004/11/02/news/observe.html .‘DavidAdmin.’ “Answers to Boston Globe’s Dismissal of Voter Fraud Story.” ReDefeatBush(11 November 2004), http://www.redefeatbush.com/modules.php?name=News&file=article&sid=284 .DeHart, Sara S. “Something is Rotten in Denmark: Exit poll data in former Soviet Republic of Georgia vs. USA.” Online Journal (17 November 2004), http://www.onlinejournal.com/evoting/111704DeHart/111704dehart.html .‘DemFromCT’. “On Voting Irregularities And Election Integrity.” dailyKOS (13 November 2004), http://www.dailykos.com/story/2004/11/13/235655/22 .Dingus, Doug. “How Electronic Voting Impacts the Trustworthiness of our Elections.” OpEdNews (26 November 2004), http://www.opednews.com/dingusDoug_112604_electronic_voting.htm .Dodge, David. “Response to MIT/Caltech.” http://Ustogether.org (13 November 2004), http://ustogether.org/election04/dodge/MIT_Caltech_rebutal_11-13-04.htm .Dopp, Kathy. “Surprising Pattern of Florida’s Election Results.” http://Ustogether.org (3 November 2004, with later updates), http://www.ustogether.org/Florida_Election.htm . For further analysis and graphic representation of Kathy Dopp’s data, see http://www.ustogether.org/election04/FloridaDataStats.htm , and http://www.rubberbug.com/temp/Florida2004chart.htm .Drobny, Sheldon. “Votergate 2004: We Don’t Need Paper to Prove Fraud, But We Do Need Money and Leadership, NOW.” OpEdNews (9 November 2004), http://www.opednews.com/drobny_110904_election_investigation.htm ; Centre for Research on Globalization (10 November 2004), http://www.globalresearch.ca/articles/DRO411A.html .Election Problem Reports. “Stolen Election Library—With Hundreds of Links.” National Ballot Integrity Project (17 November 2004), http://www.ballotintegrity.org/DCForumID1/174.html .Engberg, Eric. “Blogging as Typing, Not Journalism.” CBS News (8 November 2004), http://www.cbsnews.com/stories/2004/11/08/opinion/main654285.shtml .Evans, Shaula. “Republican Election Theft Clearinghouse [Updated 11/12].” BOPNews (12 November 2004), http://www.bopnews.com/archives/002328.html .——. “Outside eye: Dems Abroad Election Fraud Report.” BOPNews (12 November 2004), http://www.bopnews.com/archives/002420.html#2420 .“Exit Polls vs. Actual Results.” http://www.bandsagainstbush.org/cgi-bin/archives/exit_polls.gif ; also at http://www.bandsagainstbush.org/cgi-bin/archives/000117.html .Farrell, Maureen. “Another Rigged Election? The Elephant in the Voting Booth.” Buzzflash(9 November 2004), http://www.buzzflash.com/farrell/04/11/far04038.html .——. “Election Angst Update: Clark Kent Vs the Media Wimps.” Buzzflash (23 November 2004), http://www,buzzflah.com/farrell/04/11/far04040.html .Fertik, Bob. “Stolen Election 2004: Wednesday Update.” 24 November 2004, http://blog.democrats.com/node/871/print .Fitrakis, Bob. “Did Kerry Concede Too Soon?” The Free Press (5 November 2004), http://www.freepress.org/columns/display/3/2004/981 ; Centre for Research on Globalization (6 November 2004), http://www.globalresearch.ca/articles/FIT411A.html .——. “None dare call it voter suppression and fraud.” The Free Press (7 November 2004), http://www.freepress.org/columns/display/3/2004/983 .——. “And so the sorting and discarding of Kerry votes begins.” The Free Press (10 November 2004), http://www.freepress.org/columns/display/3/2004/985 .——. “Document reveals Columbus. Ohio voters waited hours as election officials held back election machines.” The Free Press (16 November 2004), http://wwwfreepress.org/columns/display/3/2004/990 .——. “How the Ohio election was rigged for Bush.” The Free Press (22 November 2004), http://www.freepress.org/columns/display/3/2004/995 .——, and Harvey Wasserman. “Hearings on Ohio Voting Put 2004 Election in Doubt.” The Free Press (18 November 2004), http://www.freepress.org/departments/display/19/2004/886 .——. “More Ohio voter suppression testimony prompts upcoming legal filing for statewide recount.” The Free Press (20 November 2004). http://www.freepress.org/departments/display/19/2004/894 .——. “How a Republican election supervisor manipulated the 2004 central Ohio vote, in black and white.” The Free Press (23 November 2004), http://www.freepress.org/departments/display/19/2004/917 .——. “New Ohio voter transcripts feed floodtide of doubt about Republican election manipulation.” The Free Press (25 November 2004), http://www.freepress.org/departments/display/19/2004/930 .Fordahl, Matthew, et al. “Electronic Voting Machine Woes Reported.” Your Local News Source (2 November 2004), http://www.whtm.com/news/stories/1104/184856.html .Freeman, Alan. “No one cheated (but they could have).” The Globe and Mail (20 November 2004): F2, http://www.theglobeandmail.com .Freeman, Steven F., PhD. “The Unexplained Exit Poll Discrepancy.” [First Draft] Buzzflash(11 November 2004), http://www.buzzflash.com/alerts/04/11/ale04090.html .——. “The Unexplained Exit Poll Discrepancy: Part I.” Working Paper #04-10, Center for Organizational Dynamics, Graduate Division, School of Arts and Sciences, University of Pennsylvania. 21 November, 2004, http://www.buzzflash.com/alerts/04/11/ale04090.html; also available at Scoop (23 November 2004), http://www.scoop.co.nz/mason/stories/HL0411/S00305.htm .Friedberg, Lilian. “An Open Letter to the New York Times (and by implication) the Rest of the US Media Who are Trying to Whitewash the 2004 Presidential Election Scandal.” OpEdNews (15 November 2004), http://www.opednews.com/friedberg_111504_media_whitewash.htm .Gagliano, Richard A. “A Petition to Congress requesting an investigation into the Presidential Election of 2004.” http://www.petitiononline.com/cgi-bin/mlk?http://www.dtmagazine.com .Galen, Rich. “Exit Polls Miss Election Goals.” CNS News (22 November 2004), http://www.cnsnews.com/ViewCommentary.asp?Page=%5Ccommentary%5Carchive%C200411%5CCOM20041122a.html .“Glitch causes Franklin Co. recount.” Indianapolis Star (11 November 2004), http://www.indystar.com/articles/3/193880-4433-102.html .Goldstein, Ritt. “US Election: Democracy in Question.” Inter Press Service (18 November 2004), available at Common Dreams News Center, http://www.commondreams.org/headlines04/1118-11.htm .Goodman, Amy. “The Ohio Factor: Did Homeland Security and the FBI Interfere With the Vote Count?” [Interview with Erica Solvig.] Democracy Now! (10 November 2004), http://www.democracynow.org/article.pl?sid=04/11/10/1536254 .——. “Dave Cobb Discusses the Ohio Recount.” [Interview with Dave Cobb, Green Party presidential candidate.] Democracy Now! (19 November 2004), also available at Scoop, http://www.scoop.co.nz/mason/stories/HL0411/S00262.htm .“GOP Wants to End Exit Polls: A Buzzflash News Analysis.” Buzzflash (10 November 2004), http://www.buzzflash.com/analysis/04/11/ana04027.html . Includes the text of Doug Halonen, “GOP Wants News Organizations to Abandon Exit Polls, TVWeek, http://www.tvweek.com/news.cms?news/d=6674%OD .“Green and Libertarian Presidential Candidates to Demand Ohio Recount.” Green Party News Release (11 November 2004), http://www.gp.org/press/pr_11_11_04.html .Guina, Greg. “Suspicions stir belief that presidential election was hijacked.” Vermont Guardian (11 November 2004), http://www.vermontguardian.com/national/0904/votingfraud.shtml .Gwin, Harold. “Democrats’ leader decries voting glitches.” Youngstown Vindicator (2 November 2004), http://www.vindy.com/basic/news/288078640794824.php .Hargrove, Thomas. “Election commission: Voting problems widespread.” Scripps Howard News Service (23 November 2004), http://www.knoxstudio.com/shns/story.cfm?pk=MISCOUNT-REACT-11-23-04&cat=PP .Harris, Bev. “The Tampering of Electronic Voting Systems on November 2nd.” BlackBoxVoting (7 November 2004), http://www.blackboxvoting.org ; Centre for Research on Globalization (8 November 2004), http://www.globalresearch.ca/articles/HAR411A.html .——. “Vote Fraud, Volusia County on Lockdown. County election records just got put on lockdown: Dueling lawyers, election officials gnashing teeth, Votergate.tv film crew catching it all.” Scoop (16 November 2004), http://www.scoop.co.nz/mason/stories/HL0411/S00246.htm .——. “Dems Pocket $52 Million, CNN Ignores Evidence, and Officials Stonewall… What Vote Fraud?” Home (24 November 2004), http://www.breakfornews.com/articles/WhatVoteFraud.htm .Harrison, Ann. “The Ghost Votes in the Machine: Voting Snafus Across the Nation.” Counterpunch (3 November 2004), http://www.counterpunch.org/harrison11032004.html.Hartmann, Thom. “The Ultimate Felony Against Democracy.” Common Dreams News Center (4 November 2004), http://www.commondreams.org/views04/1104-38.htm .——. “Evidence Mounts that the Vote May Have Been Hacked.” Common Dreams News Center (6 November 2004), http://www.commondreams.org/views04/1106-30.htm .——. “Restoring Trust in the Vote.” Common Dreams News Center (15 November 2004), http://www.commondreams.org/views04/1115-24.htm .——. “‘Stinking Evidence’ of Possible Election Fraud Found in Florida.” Scoop (19 November 2004), http://www.scoop.co.nz/mason/stories/HL0411/S00258.htm .Hasty, Michael. “When fascism comes….” Online Journal (20 November 2004), http://www.onlinejournal.com/commentary/112004Hasty/112004hasty.html .Herrin, Chuck, CISSP, CISA, MCSE, CEH. “How to Hack the Vote: The Short Version.” The World According to Chuck: Computer Security Stuff (10 November 2004, revised 22 November 2004), http://www.chuckherrin.com/hackthevote.htm .Hout, Michael, Laura Mangels, Jennifer Carlson, Rachel Best; with the assistance of the UC Berkeley Quantitative Methods Research Team. “The Effect of Electronic Voting Machines on Change in Support for Bush in the 2004 Florida Elections.” Working Paper, UC Data (Data Archive & Technical Assistance), UC Berkeley Survey Research Center (18 November 2004), http://www.ucdata.berkeley.edu .‘Hunter’. “Ohio Provisional Ballots, Recounts, and Fraud [UPDATED].” dailyKOS (5 November 2004), http://www.dailykos.com/story/2004/11/4/224812/643 .Hutchinson, Earl Ofari. “The Painful Truth.” Alternet (15 November 2004), http://www.alternet.org/columnists/story/20504 .“ignatzmouse’. “Unofficial Audit of NC Election: Comprehensive Case for Fraud.” Democratic Underground (12 November 2004), http://www.democraticunderground.com/discuss/duboard.php?az=show_mesg&forum=203&topic_id=45003&mesg_id=45003 .“Judge Denies Demand for Ohio Recount.” Associated Press (24 November 2004), http://news.yahoo.com/news?tmpl=story&u=/ap/20041124/ap_on_re_us/ohio_vote_4 .Jurkowitz, Mark. “Media Accused of Ignoring Election Irregularities.” The Boston Globe (17 November 2004), available at Common Dreams News Center, http://www.commondreams.org/headlines04/1117-01.htm .Keefer, Michael. “Footprints of Electoral Fraud: The November 2 Exit Poll Scam.” Centre for Research on Globalization (5 November 2004), http://www.globalresearch.ca/articles/KEE411A.html ; Autonomy & Solidarity (5 November 2004), http://www.auto_sol.tao.ca . Other observers have provided graphic confirmation from CNN’s screens of the alterations of exit poll percentages noted in this article. See “Why Did CNN Change Their Exit Poll Data for Ohio After 1:00 a.m.?” Buzzflash (3 November 2004), http://www.buzzflash.com/analysis/04/11/ana04025.html; and “Proof CNN is tampering with the election to cover the fraud.” DemocraticUnderground (3 November 2004), http://www.democraticunderground.com/discuss/duboard.php?az=show_mesg&forum=132&topic_id=1290765&mesg_id=1295180&page= .“Kerry/Edwards Campaign Participates in Ohio Recount.” U.S. Democratic Party Press Release, Scoop (22 November 2004), http://www.scoop.co.nz/mason/stories/W00411/S00261.htm .Klein, Rick. “Internet buzz on vote fraud is dismissed.” The Boston Globe (10 November 2004), http://www.boston.com/news/nation/articles/2004/11/10/internet_buzz_on_vote_fraud_is_dismissed?pg=2 .Kleinberg, Eliot. “Broward machines count backward.” Palm Beach Post (5 November 2004), http://www.palmbeachpost.com/politics/content/news/epaper/2004/11/05/a29a_BROWVOTE_1105.html.Konrad, Rachel. “State settles electronic voting suit against Diebold for $2.6M.” The Sacramento Bee (12 November 2004), http://www.sacbee.com/state_wire/story/11380251p-12294653c.html .——. “Conspiracy Theorists Still Question Bush’s Victory.” Associated Press, The Miami Herald (21 November 2004), available at http://www.verifiedvoting.org/article.php?id=5327 .Kucinich, Dennis. “A Note on the Presidential Election in Ohio.” Common Dreams News Center (10 November 2004), http://www.commondreams.org/views04/1110-31.htm .Kuhn, David Paul. “Online Liberals: We Wuz Robbed.” CBS News (10 November 2004), http://www.cbsnews.com/stories/2004/11/10/politics/main655005.shtml .Levy, Steven. “Black Box Voting Blues. 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But some computer-security experts warn of the possibility of stolen elections.” Newsweek(3 November 2004), http://msnbc.com/id/3339650 .Liddle, Elizabeth. “2004 Presidential Florida by County by Voting Machine Type Election Analysis.” http://Ustogether.org (c. 12 November 2004), http://ustogether.org/election04/Little_Analysis.html .Lindorff, Dave. “Double Standards on Exit Polls: Hypocrisy Sans Irony.” Counterpunch (24 November, 2004), http://www.counterpunch.org/lindorff11232004.html .Madsen, Wayne. “Grand Theft Election: Karl Rove’s turd droppings all over this one.” Online Journal (5 November 2004), http://www.onlinejournal.com/evoting/110504Madsen/110504madsen.html ; Centre for Research on Globalization (5 November 2004), http://www.globalresearch.ca/articles/MAD411A.html .——. “Saudis, Enron money helped to pay for US rigged election.” Online Journal (25 November 2004), http://www.onlinejournal.com/special_Reports/112504Madsen/112504madsen.html .“Major bugs found in Diebold systems.” The Washington Times (12 November 2004), http://www.washingtontimes.com/upi-breaking/20041112-112037-7263r.htm .Manjoo, Farhad. “Was the election stolen? 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This answer may contain sensitive images. Click on an image to unblur it.This seems to be a proxy war in between 4 parties.First party and the main instigator of the event is US neocons.These are oil interests, hawks, military-industry complex. Same people were behind the helm during Bush presidencies, and they were the instigators of Iraq war, Afghan war.The 'arab spring', which ended up toppling only US unfriendly regimes, seem to be also by their initiative, despite they weren't in power back in 2011.Saying that they weren't in power in 2011 is a bit hard, since some elements of US government seem to act according to this clique's wish, regardless of who is in power. Like Pentagon, CIA, State Dept.The acting leader of this clique seems to be Neocon Senator John McCain, whereas the real leader is probably Dick "Iron Ass" Cheney, as Bush Senior so bluntly nicknamed him recently. Cheney was also behind Junior Bush administration's affairs, it is theorized by various political analysts, and his behavior also supports this proposition.Arab Spring was a soft invasion. In all countries it affected US unfriendly regimes which were toppled, radical islamist (some muslim brotherhood) governments took power, and US oil interests and their allies in UK, France took control of various resources ranging from oil to ground water in Libya. New Libyan islamist government confiscated ~40+ Chinese oil wells in eastern Libya at that date and just handed them over to US corporations. Chinese are still livid, you can bet.Their last acts have been Libya, Ukraine and Syria, and Sen. John McCain made appearances in all of these countries with these countries purported rebels before civil wars or coups started.Victoria Nuland of State Dept. appearing in Ukraine in Maidan Square and distributing cookies to protesters and backing them while strongly warning Ukrainian government (then) not to act against protesters was a blunt and open move showing what these people do.victoria nuland cookies - Google SearchA few weeks later armed neonazis groups stormed Ukrainian parliament and deposed elected government, replacing it with a US friendly coup government.In Syria they hit tough rock, things didn't go as well as they did in Libya. Syrian government was ready for Libya scenario and they started fighting back. Stakes got higher and somewhere in 2013, world averted nuclear war.Chinese, Russian warships and Marines heading to Syrian watersA very serious time point in world history, where risk of nuclear war was warned from a few high offices in Russia. The standoff in between US navy and its allies and Russian, Chinese, Iranian ships offshore Syria was resolved by Obama administration taking the opportunity Russia offered regarding destruction of chemical weapons caches in Syria under international supervision.This made Neocons livid, who were wanting US to bomb Syria nomatter what. John McCain was appearing on news shows daily and screaming war against Syria those days.But Obama admn. didn't oblige, much to the irritation of Neocons and their corporate backers.At this point we come to the second party in this Syrian affair:Obama AdministrationAs evidenced by Obama administration going against the will of the neocon segments in US in 2013 standoff, Obama admn. seems to be another party to this affair.This is further reinforced by the constant standoff which ensued in between these groups since 2013, where Obama Admn. did its best to avert any kind of bombing or intervention in Syria or even allowing Pentagon to escalate the conflict and participation in Syria, whereas neocons do anything in their power through the offices they control - ranging from Senate to Congress to even State Dept. which seems to be under McCain's control instead of Obama's.Obama Admn.'s statements, declarations, rhetoric stand in sharp contrast with Pentagon's or other hawkish offices. Where Obama admn. utters diplomatic rhetoric and does not follow up whatever hawkish rhetoric they do with action, Pentagon's statements generally seem to be geared towards provoking world war 3. You can see Pentagon making threats against Russia whereas Obama admn. concludes agreements with Russia regarding some matter. The below op-ed illustrates the point well:Who’s in Control? Obama or the generals?Obama administration represents softer segments of US corporate interests - finance, tech, media and the like. Whereas Neocons represent the traditional Military-industry complex and oil interests. The usual warmongers. These group's interests differ grandly due to the nature of their business being quite different.Obama admn. therefore, does not want big wars, leave aside a world war. Whereas any kind of war is a godsend to neocons, since even spending a few billion dollars in fruitless bombing in Syria (like last year) requires replenishing missile and bomb stocks, which makes companies like Raytheon make good profits. Not to mention aircraft burn up a lot of oil.Thus, this party - Obama admn. - had been doing anything in its power to curb Neocon efforts in Syria. Obama retorts some semi 'tough' rhetoric, then goes and concludes an agreement with Putin. Another tough rhetoric, then he sends the military budget which has increased support for 'syrian rebels' back to congress, stifling Neocon plans in Syria.Letting Patriot missiles in Turkey to expire was one of these acts, which enabled Russia to intervene without any worries or issues.Pushing Iran deal was another - Obama admn. worked so hard for that, as well as Russian FM Lavrov, and they managed to push the Iran deal despite rabid opposition from Neocons.Magically, the moment it became evident that the deal would survive, Hezbollah and even Iranian Republican Guards started fighting with Syrian army against the 'rebels'.Incidentally Iranian backed Houthi rebels in Yemen suddenly started pushing against the Saudi backed government and Saudi forces intervening in Yemen. A few Saudi warships were sunk, by 'land based missiles'.PressTV-Yemen forces destroy 2nd Saudi warshipIran deal seems to also have been for incentivizing Iran to get in the fight in Syria, Iraq and Yemen, in the latter against Saudis.Speaking of Saudis, we come to the third participant in this affair:Saudi ArabiaSaudi Arabia is the head honcho in this affair, and they are Neocon allies. They are the traditional manpower, leadership and funding source for all radical islamist global groups worldwide. All the way since Mujahedeen days in Afghanistan. Bin Laden was a Mujahedeen leader from Saudi Arabian elite. Bin Laden construction company is a major company in Saudi Arabia still.Saudi royal dynasty are radical religious dictators, who believe that there should be a caliphate in middle east and they should be the caliphs. In addition, their extremist sunni wahhabism (an interpretation of islam) thinks that Shiite sect of islam is a blasphemy, and therefore should be eradicated. Anyone who is not a Sunni, actually anyone who does not bow down to the wahhabi interpretation of Sunni sect therefore, is an enemy.Iran is shiite. A major amount of the Iraq, Syrian, Yemeni populations and even Majority of population in various Gulf states are Shiite. Or other sects.Therefore the conflict in between Saudis and all these regions.I said conflict in between Saudis and the rest, because what other elements are on Saudi side are basically Saudis - all Gulf states are basically Saudi puppet states, a few of them direct copies of Saudi dictatorship. In Bahrain, a very tiny Sunni minority rules over masses of Shiite majority through brutal repression, even going as far to call Saudi army when they failed to repress the protests in Bahrain during arab spring. Ended in blood.Since the start of Syrian affair, Saudi Arabia had been providing funding, manpower and leadership to the 'syrian' rebels. Along with Gulf countries. Though Gulf countries have been a bit toned down by Obama Admn. coming up with tough stance against those who backed this ISIL project, Saudi Arabia did not relent at all at any point, even increased their backing of all islamists in Syria with every passing year.It is to the extent that they have openly threatened to intervene in Syria when Russia started bombing ISIL.Saudi Arabia threatens 'military action' against Syria's AssadEmpty threats, since Saudi army is in no shape to do such an intervention, leave aside being tied in Yemen and having to resort to assistance of mercenaries.U.A.E. Deploys Secret Colombian Mercenary Army to Yemen to Fight in Proxy War Against IranAnother Saudi puppet, Qatar also threatened intervening in Syria."Proxy" War No More: Qatar Threatens Military Intervention In Syria Alongside "Saudi, Turkish Brothers"But as Saudi Prince Bandar puts it, Qatar is basically '300 people and a TV station', and how would they do it without resorting to mercenaries is a question in itself.However despite all of these and rapidly and dangerously mounting debt, Saudi Arabia is still trying to fight the other parties in Syria, Iran and Yemen for its aims.Is Saudi Arabia going bankrupt?Here we are going to include Turkey as a part of this group. That is because not only Saudi Arabia is basically a patron of Turkish Ruling party since a looong while, but also whatever done in Syria was basically done with Saudi funds.However, Turkey is a major player in this business due to its hosting the training camps for islamists, organizing and coordinating supplies to the islamist elements in Syria, and especially supervising and helping the Oil extraction operation of ISIL.A recent Columbia University research, explained in below Huffpost article lists all the incidents and links in between Turkey and ISIL.Research Paper: ISIS-Turkey ListTurkey even went as far to shoot down Syrian aircraft which was bombing ISIL before, in Northern syria. The recent incident with Russian aircraft being shot down is something similar in that line. Though there are political motives like trying to invoke NATO against Russia to 'somehow' manage in protecting the islamists who are being basically eradicated in Northern syria.The pic is from Brit paper Daily mail, and it shows Turkish tanks at the border facing a hill across Turkish border with ISIL flag flying on top of the hill, doing nothing and ISIL militants standing, even as ISIL was fighting Kurds just at that point. More in the relevant article.Tanks mass as ISIS flag is raised in Syrian town just one mile awaySituation was always like this - ISIL had free passage and easy time at Turkish border.ISIL militants have a friendly chat with Turkish border guards and then go away, in the video of the incident as reported below (video in the article):Shocking video shows ISIS fighters chatting with Turkish border guardsFrom recruitment to training camps, from supplies to oil smuggling operations, Turkey is the acting head of this party to Syrian war.Syrian Government, Russia, Iran, Iraqi Govt., Hezbollah, Iraqi Hezbollah, Kurds, ChinaYes, China is there as well, backing the rest politically, and actually even thinking of sending a military contingent.However the major players are Syrian Government, Russia, Iran, Iraqi Govt. and Hezbollah, Lebanese Hezbollah and Kurds.Syrian Arab Army is the army of Syrian Government, legitimate and recognized government of Syria despite all the claims to their illegitimacy by their enemies. You can't go about fostering a civil war in a country if you don't call their government illegitimate anyway.SAA had been fighting this onslaught for a good while, was exhausted, wary and in a tough spot in the last few months. Though other elements had been fighting alongside them, Baath party is an anti-imperialist party, hence they are ill-disposed against any foreign presence and military operations on their soil. But when things got really tough, they relaxed their approach a bit and Syrian government was able to request help from Russia. At that point the other players started showing in force, mainly Hezbollah and Iran.Lebanese Hezbollah is a shiite militia force who frustrated Israel's invasion into southern Lebanon in 2008 in a rather overwhelming manner. It is Syrian government's natural ally since decades, and a very well trained fighting outfit. Iraqi Hezbollah is Hezbollah's Iraqi arm with shiite militias.Both of these forces showed up in force alongside Syrian army and they have good credit to stopping and upturning ISIL advances in the past year. While Lebanese Hezbollah controls an area in Southern Syria and helps Syrian army to deal with the FSA islamists and other islamists there, Iraqi Hezbollah is advancing into central Syria from Iraq with Iraqi army and other militias.These are rather natural allies of Syrian government, but they are also linked with and backed by Iran due to the Shiite alliance. I combine Alawites and other non sunni sects that fall under Shiite umbrella under one term, 'Shiite Alliance', so its easier to explain.Iran is another major force in the game, who started manifesting in force after the Iran nuclear deal. Iranian republican guards (elite units) had started fighting alongside Syrian army since a while ago, whereas Iranian special units have been participating in operations in Syria since a while. Actually one of the downed Russian pilots in recent fighter incident was saved by an Iranian general who commanded the commando op with Iranian and Syrian Commandos to go and rescue the Russian pilot.http://en.farsnews.com/newstext.aspx?nn=13940905000553Iran is also a major player in Yemen, where they back local Houthi militias (Shiites) and other forces opposing the last Saudi backed government against Saudi Arabia. Iran can be considered easily the 2nd biggest player in the game in this party after Syria and Russia.Iraqi government and Iraqi militias are small players equal to in importance to Hezbollah in Syria, whereas they are the main player in Iraq, naturally. Half of ISIL is in Iraq since the beginning - with a lot of Saddam's generals and soldiers being among their ranks as leaders and soldiers. Currently they are advancing against ISIL in Iraq and eastern Syria and wiping the place clean of islamists.Kurds, are located in Northern Iraq, Northern Syria and Southern Turkey. The Kobane battles where ISIL and Kurds fought for some time, was among ISIL and Northern Syrian / Southern Turkish Kurds mainly. YPG and other variants of the Kurdish militant group PKK which is fighting against Turkey since a long while in a civil war (since 1980~) were the main proponents of Kurds on this side.The autonomous Kurdish administration in Northern Iraq, under Barzani (a clan leader presiding over a rather storefront democracy) are another component of the Kurds, hostile to ISIL though not so friendly with the PKK/YPG elements to the north and east of them. However they participated in action against ISIL in Iraq before, and would do the same if necessary.PKK, which is the parent of YPG in N Syria is active in Southern turkey, and whenever Turkey conducts a 'strike against ISIL' they were actually striking PKK positions in Turkey, N Syria, and N Iraq. You can easily conclude that if Turkey ever actually conducted air strike against ISIL, there couldn't be ~1000 ISIL tankers ferrying oil through Turkey.All Kurdish groups are secular, PKK/YPG are Marxist-Leninist. Northern Iraq Barzani Kurdish clan force is also secular, but more susceptible to US influence and cooperative with them. Its easy to understand what kind of hatred exists in between PKK/YPG and ISIL due to islamism and radical islam being nowhere near secular Marxist-Leninist ideology PKK/YPG has.Then there are Russians....De facto leader of this alliance, Russians have been in Syria since 1970s, and had been helping Syrian government throughout decades due to their natural alliance. However, until Syrian government requested aid officially, Russian help regarding this war had been more political and in terms of training, supplies, arms and intelligence for Syrian government.Russian FM Sergei Lavrov did overtime to make Iran nuclear deal happen. After that and request of Syrian govt., Russia started showing in force in Syria in military manner, first starting with the rumor that Mig-31s were sent to Syria. This was refuted by Russia, however observers have noted these aircraft landing in Syrian airbase Russia uses.http://sputniknews.com/russia/20150817/1025833178.htmlMig-31 is no joke, its an aircraft prepared for WW3 and intercepting supersonic bombers - thus it can deal with any contemporary aircraft today, and in addition to its upgraded electronics it can just outrun many of the missiles in world's military arsenal today.It was evident that something important was going to happen after this incident, and soon it came out that Russia was going to start helping Syrian government with Air strikes against ISIL.And they did start.This video is Russian Mi-24 (or 35) helicopters fighting ISIL by basically fighting as low to see the ISIL militant's faces.Though it was rather evident that Russian ground personnel would be participating in some special ops action in Syria and such rumors existed since a long while, it seems Russian personnel started to show up in a noticeable manner in ground ops as well.http://fortruss.blogspot.com.es/2015/11/russian-infantry-troops-reportedly.htmlQuoting:".....According to a reliable source, Russia has dispatched some troops to control a strategic hill overlooking Sahl al-Ghab in Syria. Now in terms of Fourth Generational Warfare, it is possible that this is indeed a first for Russia's operation in Syria, however, it is most likely that this is a frequent occurrence that is not always as obvious as looking for soldiers with Russian emblems on their attire....."Russia is conducting massive diplomacy since a while to solve Syrian situation as well, talking with anyone and everyone from Syrian government to US to Iran to even Saudis and Gulf states. "Mr. No" Lavrov, nicknamed by US diplomats doing Bush administration term is doing overtime to make his famous diplomatic skills work again. One stubborn player who is even more stubborn than anyone including Lavrov is current Turkish government.On that tangent, Obama admn. and Russia seems to be quite visibly cooperating to frustrate the Neocon-Saudi project in Syria, with Obama admn. enabling many Russian moves by working together with them ranging from Iran deal to having Patriots in Turkey to expire.Russia is the biggest player in all this business, with its Soviet-era superpower status basically returned. Russia seems to have the upper hand in everything ranging from diplomacy to military power, and even cooperation of the most number of players - even some among the parties opposing them being quite warm to Russian plans for settling Syria affair.Along with their allies Russia and Iran, China - surprise, surprise - is another player in the incident. In addition to their previous support in joining Russian and Iranian fleets with their navy during 2013 crisis to prevent US bombing of Syria, they had been thinking of sending troops to Syria for a while. Chinese government reports that they will expedite whatever they are planning to do after Chinese nationals were beheaded by ISIL recently.http://www.ibtimes.co.in/chinese-troops-join-russian-marines-syria-soon-says-report-648246.................Syria affair seems to be going to be resolved according to the Syrian/Russian Bloc's desires, with various agendas and objectives of Obama admn. being also fulfilled. The losers are going to be the US Neocons and Saudi & Gulf states/ Turkey, from what it appears. With the recent Paris attacks, France had also joined Russian bloc, along with various other European countries who were secondary players coerced by US Neocon camp to participate in Syria affair in financial, political and token military ways are also getting on board Russian position after the disaster US Neocons' Syrian push has become - ranging from terror attacks in Europe to Refugee crisis.

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