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1968-January 5 – Prague Spring: Alexander Dubček is chosen as leader of the Communist Party of Czechoslovakia.[1]January 8 – British Prime Minister Harold Wilson endorses the I'm Backing Britain campaign for working an additional half-hour each day without pay.[2]January 10 – John Gorton is sworn in as the 19th Prime Minister of Australia, taking over from John McEwen after being elected leader of the Liberal Party the previous day, following the disappearance of Harold Holt. Gorton became the first and so far only Senator to become Prime Minister; though he immediately transferred to the House of Representatives through a by-election in Holt's vacant seat of Higgins.January 14 – The Green Bay Packers defeat the Oakland Raiders by the score of 33-14 in Super Bowl II at the Miami Orange Bowl.January 15 – An earthquake in Sicily kills 380 and injures around 1,000.[3][4]January 17 – Lyndon B. Johnson requests a bill ending the gold convertibility of the U.S. dollar.January 21 Vietnam War – Battle of Khe Sanh: One of the most publicized and controversial battles of the war begins, ending on April 8.A U.S. B-52 Stratofortress crashes in Greenland, discharging 4 nuclear bombs.January 22 – Rowan & Martin's Laugh-In debuts on NBC.January 23 – North Korea seizes the USS Pueblo, claiming the ship violated its territorial waters while spying.January 25 – The Israeli submarine INS Dakar sinks in the Mediterranean Sea, killing 69.January 23 USS PuebloJanuary 28 – The French submarine Minerve sinks in the Mediterranean Sea, killing 52.January 30 – Vietnam War: The Tet Offensive begins, as Viet Cong forces launch a series of surprise attacks across South Vietnam.January 31 Việt Cộng soldiers attack the US Embassy, Saigon.Nauru president Hammer DeRoburt declares independence from Australia.February[edit]Main article: February 1968February 1 Vietnam War: A Viet Cong officer named Nguyễn Văn Lém is executed by Nguyễn Ngọc Loan, a South Vietnamese National Police Chief. The event is photographed by Eddie Adams. The photo makes headlines around the world, eventually winning the 1969 Pulitzer Prize, and sways U.S. public opinion against the war.The Pennsylvania Railroad and the New York Central Railroad merge to form Penn Central, the largest ever corporate merger up to this date.February 6–February 18 – The 1968 Winter Olympics are held in Grenoble, France.February 8 – American civil rights movement: A civil rights protest staged at a white-only bowling alley in Orangeburg, South Carolina is broken up by highway patrolmen; 3 college students are killed.February 11 Border clashes take place between Israel and Jordan.Madison Square Garden in New York City opens at its current location.February 12 – Vietnam War: Phong Nhị and Phong Nhất massacre.February 13 – Civil rights disturbances occur at the University of Wisconsin–Madison and the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill.February 17 – Administrative reforms in Romania divide the country into 39 counties.February 19 The Florida Education Association (FEA) initiates a mass resignation of teachers to protest state funding of education. This is, in effect, the first statewide teachers' strike in the United States.NET televises the very first episode of Mister Rogers' Neighborhood.February 24 – Vietnam War: The Tet Offensive is halted; South Vietnam recaptures Huế.February 25 – Vietnam War: Hà My massacre.February 27 – Ex-Teenagers singer Frankie Lymon is found dead from a heroin overdose in Harlem.March[edit]Main article: March 1968March 2 – Baggeridge Colliery closes marking the end of over 300 years of coal mining in the Black Country of England.[5]March 6 – Un-recognized Rhodesia executes 3 black citizens, the first executions since UDI, prompting international condemnation.March 7 – Vietnam War: The First Battle of Saigon ends.March 8 The first student protests spark the 1968 Polish political crisis.The Soviet ballistic missile submarine K-129 sinks with all 98 crew members, about 90 nautical miles (104 miles or 167 km) southwest of Hawaii.[6][7]March 10–11 – Vietnam War: Battle of Lima Site 85, the largest single ground combat loss of United States Air Force members (12) during the (at this time) secret war later known as the Laotian Civil War.March 11 – U.S. President Lyndon B. Johnson mandates that all computers purchased by the federal government support the ASCII character encoding.[8]March 12 Mauritius achieves independence from British rule.U.S. President Lyndon B. Johnson barely edges out antiwar candidate Eugene McCarthy in the New Hampshire Democratic primary, a vote which highlights the deep divisions in the country, and the party, over Vietnam.March 13 – The first Rotaract club is chartered in North Charlotte, North Carolina.March 14 – Nerve gas leaks from the U.S. Army Dugway Proving Ground near Skull Valley, Utah.March 15 – British Foreign Secretary George Brown resigns.March 16 Vietnam War – My Lai Massacre: American troops kill scores of civilians. The story will first become public in November 1969 and will help undermine public support for the U.S. efforts in Vietnam.U.S. Senator Robert F. Kennedy enters the race for the Democratic Party presidential nomination.March 17 – A demonstration in London's Grosvenor Square against U.S. involvement in the Vietnam War leads to violence; 91 people are injured, 200 demonstrators arrested.March 18 – Gold standard: The United States Congress repeals the requirement for a gold reserve to back U.S. currency.March 19–March 23 – Afrocentrism, Black Power, Vietnam War: Students at Howard University in Washington, D.C., signal a new era of militant student activism on college campuses in the U.S. Students stage rallies, protests and a 5-day sit-in, laying siege to the administration building, shutting down the university in protest over its ROTC program and the Vietnam War, and demanding a more Afrocentric curriculum.March 22 – Daniel Cohn-Bendit ("Danny the Red") and 7 other students occupy the administrative offices of the University of Nanterre, setting in motion a chain of events that lead France to the brink of revolution in May.March 24 – Aer Lingus Flight 712 crashes en route from Cork to London near Tuskar Rock, Wexford, killing 61 passengers and crew.March 26 – Joan Baez marries activist David Harris in New York.March 28 – Brazilian high school student Edson Luís de Lima Souto is shot by the police in a protest for cheaper meals at a restaurant for low-income students. The aftermath of his death is one of the first major events against the military dictatorship.March 31 – U.S. President Lyndon B. Johnson announces he will not seek re-election.April[edit]Main article: April 1968April 2 Bombs explode at midnight in two department stores in Frankfurt-am-Main; Andreas Baader and Gudrun Ensslin are later arrested and sentenced for arson.The film 2001: A Space Odyssey premieres in Washington, D.C.April 3 – The American movie Planet of the Apes is released in theaters.April 4 Martin Luther King Jr. is shot dead at the Lorraine Motel in Memphis, Tennessee. Riots erupt in major American cities, lasting for several days afterwards.Apollo program: Apollo-Saturn mission 502 (Apollo 6) is launched, as the second and last unmanned test-flight of the Saturn V launch vehicle.AEK Athens wins the FIBA European Cup Winners Cup Final against Slavia Prague, in front of a record attendance of 80,000 spectators. It was the first major European trophy won at club level of every sport in Greece.April 6 La, la, la by Massiel (music and lyrics by Manuel de la Calva and Ramón Arcusa) wins the Eurovision Song Contest 1968 for Spain, at the Royal Albert Hall in London.A shootout between Black Panthers and Oakland police results in several arrests and deaths, including 17-year-old Panther Bobby Hutton.A double explosion in downtown Richmond, Indiana kills 41 and injures 150.April 7 – Racing driver Jim Clark is killed in a Formula 2 race at Hockenheim.April 8 – The Bureau of Narcotics and Dangerous Drugs (under Department of Justice) (BNDD) is created.April 10 – The ferry TEV Wahine strikes a reef at the mouth of Wellington Harbour, New Zealand, with the loss of 53 lives, in Cyclone Giselle, which created the windiest conditions ever recorded in New Zealand.April 11 Josef Bachmann tries to assassinate Rudi Dutschke, leader of the left-wing movement (APO) in Germany, and tries to commit suicide afterwards, failing in both, although Dutschke dies of his brain injuries 11 years later.German left-wing students blockade the Springer Press HQ in Berlin and many are arrested (one of them Ulrike Meinhof).U.S. President Lyndon B. Johnson signs the Civil Rights Act of 1968.MGM's classic film The Wizard of Oz makes its NBC debut after being telecast on CBS since 1956. It will remain on NBC for the next 8 years.April 18 – John Rennie's 1831 New London Bridge is sold to Arizona entrepreneur Robert P. McCulloch and is rebuilt in Lake Havasu City, Arizona, reopening on October 5, 1971.April 20 Pierre Elliott Trudeau becomes the 15th Prime Minister of Canada.[9]English politician Enoch Powell makes his controversial Rivers of Blood speech.[10]April 23 President Mobutu releases captured mercenaries in the Congo.Surgeons at the Hôpital de la Pitié, Paris, perform Europe's first heart transplant, on Clovis Roblain.The United Methodist Church is created by the union of the former Methodist and Evangelical United Brethren churches.April 23–April 30 – Vietnam War: Student protesters at Columbia University in New York City take over administration buildings and shut down the university (see main article Columbia University protests of 1968).April 26 – The nuclear weapon "Boxcar" is tested at the Nevada Test Site in the biggest detonation of Operation Crosstie.April 29 – The musical Hair officially opens on Broadway.May[edit]Main article: May 1968May 2 – The Israel Broadcasting Authority commences television broadcasts.May 3 – Braniff Flight 352 crashes near Dawson, Texas, killing all 85 people on board.May 13 – Paris student riots: One million march through the streets of Paris.May 13 – Manchester City wins the 1967–68 Football League First Division by 2 clear points, over club rivals Manchester UnitedMay 14 – The Beatles announce the creation of Apple Records in a New York press conference.May 15 – An outbreak of severe thunderstorms produces tornadoes, causing massive damage and heavy casualties in Charles City, Iowa, Oelwein, Iowa, and Jonesboro, Arkansas.May 16 – Ronan Point, a 23 floor tower block in Canning Town, east London, partially collapses after a gas explosion, killing 5.May 17 – The Catonsville Nine enter the Selective Service offices in Catonsville, Maryland, take dozens of selective service draft records, and burn them with napalm as a protest against the Vietnam War.May 18 – Mattel's Hot Wheels toy cars are introduced. West Bromwich Albion win the Football Association Cup, defeating Everton 1-0 after extra time. The winning goal was scored by Jeff Astle.May 19 A general election is held in Italy.Nigerian forces capture Port Harcourt and form a ring around the Biafrans. This contributes to a humanitarian disaster as the surrounded population already suffers from hunger and starvation.May 22 – The U.S. nuclear-powered submarine Scorpion sinks with 99 men aboard, 400 miles southwest of the Azores.May 29 – Manchester United wins the European Cup Final, becoming the first English team to do so.May 30 – Bobby Unser wins the Indianapolis 500.June[edit]Main article: June 1968June 2 – Student protests have started in Belgrade, Yugoslavia.June 3 – Radical feminist Valerie Solanas shoots Andy Warhol as he enters his studio, wounding him.June 4 – The Standard & Poor's 500 index closes above 100 for the first time, at 100.38.June 5 – U.S. presidential candidate Robert F. Kennedy is shot at the Ambassador Hotel in Los Angeles. Sirhan Sirhan is arrested. Kennedy dies from his injuries the next day.June 7 – The Ford sewing machinists strike started in the United Kingdom.June 8 – James Earl Ray is arrested for the assassination of Martin Luther King Jr..June 10 – Italy beats Yugoslavia 2–0 in a replay to win the 1968 European Championship. The original final on June 8 ended 1–1.June 12 – The film Rosemary's Baby premieres in the U.S.June 17 – The Malayan Communist Party launches a second insurgency and the state of emergency is again imposed in Malaysia.June 20 – Austin Currie, Member of Parliament at Stormont in Northern Ireland, along with others, squats a house in Caledon to protest discrimination in housing allocations.June 23 A football stampede in Buenos Aires leaves 74 dead and 150 injured.The first round of voting took place in the French National Assembly elections that had been scheduled following the public unrest of May.June 24 – Giorgio Rosa declares the independence of his Republic of Rose Island, an artificial island off Rimini, Italy. Italian troops demolish it not long after.June 26 The Bonin Islands are returned to Japan after 23 years of occupation by the United States Navy.The “March of the One Hundred Thousand” took place in Rio de Janeiro as crowds demonstrated against the Brazilian military government.June 30 – The Lockheed C-5 Galaxy heavy military transport aircraft first flies in the U.S. This model will still be in service 40 years later.July[edit]Main article: July 1968July 1 The Central Intelligence Agency's Phoenix Program is officially established.The Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty opens for signature.July 4 – Yachtsman Alec Rose, 59, receives a hero's welcome as he sails into Portsmouth, England after his 354-day round-the-world trip.July 15 – The soap opera One Life to Live premieres on ABC.July 17 – Saddam Hussein becomes Vice Chairman of the Revolutionary Council in Iraq after a coup d'état.July 18 – The semiconductor company Intel is founded.July 20 – The first International Special Olympics Summer Games are held at Soldier Field in Chicago, Ill, with about 1,000 athletes with intellectual disabilities.July 23–July 28 – Black militants led by Fred (Ahmed) Evans engage in a fierce gunfight with police in the Glenville Shootout of Cleveland, Ohio, in the United States.July 25 – Pope Paul VI publishes the encyclical entitled Humanae vitae, on birth control.July 26 – Vietnam War: South Vietnamese opposition leader Trương Đình Dzu is sentenced to 5 years hard labor, for advocating the formation of a coalition government as a way to move toward an end to the war.July 29 – Arenal Volcano erupts in Costa Rica for the first time in centuries.July 30 – Thames Television starts transmission in London.July 31 – Dad's Army was broadcast for the first time.August[edit]Main article: August 1968August 2 - The 7.6 Mw Casiguran earthquake affected the Aurora province in the Philippines with a maximum Mercalli intensity of IX (Violent), killing at least 207 and injuring 261.August 5–August 8 – The Republican National Convention in Miami Beach, Florida nominates Richard Nixon for U.S. President and Spiro Agnew for Vice President.August 11 – The last steam passenger train service runs in Britain. A selection of British Railways steam locomotives make the 120-mile journey from Liverpool to Carlisle and return to Liverpool – the journey is known as the Fifteen Guinea Special.August 18 – Two charter buses are pushed into the Hida River on National Highway Route 41 in Japan, in an accident caused by heavy rain; 104 are killed.August 20–August 21 – The Prague Spring of political liberalization ends, as 750,000 Warsaw Pact troops and 6,500 tanks with 800 planes invade Czechoslovakia. It is dated as the biggest operation in Europe since WWII ended.August 21 – The Medal of Honor is posthumously awarded to James Anderson Jr.– he was the first black U.S. Marine to be awarded the Medal of Honor.August 24 – France explodes its first hydrogen bomb.August 22–August 30 – Police clash with anti-war protesters in Chicago, Illinois, outside the 1968 Democratic National Convention, which nominates Hubert Humphrey for U.S. President, and Edmund Muskie for Vice President. The riots and subsequent trials were an essential part of the activism of the Youth International Party.August 28 – John Gordon Mein, US Ambassador to Guatemala, is assassinated on the streets of Guatemala City. First US Ambassador assassinated in the line of duty.August 29 – Crown Prince Harald of Norway marries Sonja Haraldsen, the commoner he has dated for 9 years.September[edit]Main article: September 1968September 6 – Swaziland becomes independent.September 7 – 150 women (members of New York Radical Women) arrive in Atlantic City, New Jersey to protest against the Miss America Pageant, as exploitative of women. Led by activist and author Robin Morgan, it is one of the first large demonstrations of Second Wave Feminism as Women's Liberation begins to gather much media attention.The crash of Air France Flight 1611 kills 95 people, including French Army General René Cogny as the Caravelle jetliner plunges into the Mediterranean Sea while making its approach to Nice following its departure from the island of Corsica.The International Association of Classification Societies (IACS) is founded.September 13 Albania officially withdraws from the Warsaw Pact upon the Soviet Union-led Warsaw Pact invasion of Czechoslovakia, having already ceased to participate actively in Pact activity since 1962.U.S. Army Major General Keith L. Ware, World War II Medal of Honor recipient, is killed when his helicopter is shot down in Vietnam. He is posthumously awarded the Distinguished Service Cross.An agreement for merger between the General Electric Company and English Electric, the largest industrial merger in the UK up to that time.September 14 – Detroit Tiger Denny McLain becomes the first baseball pitcher to win 30 games in a season since 1934. He remains the last player to accomplish the feat.September 17 – The D'Oliveira affair: The Marylebone Cricket Club tour of South Africa is cancelled when the South Africans refuse to accept the presence of Basil D'Oliveira, a Cape Coloured, in the side.September 20 – Hawaii Five-O debuts on CBS, and eventually becomes the longest-running crime show in television history, until Law & Order overtakes it in 2003.September 21 – The Soviet's Zond 5 unmanned lunar flyby mission returns to earth, with its first-of-a-kind biological payload intact.September 23 – Vietnam War: The Tet Offensive comes to an end in South Vietnam.September 24 – 60 Minutes debuts on CBS and is still on the air as of 2018.September 27 – Marcelo Caetano becomes prime minister of Portugal.September 29 – A referendum in Greece gives more power to the military junta.September 30 – Boeing introduces its largest passenger aircraft up to that time, the Boeing 747 at a public event at Paine Field, near Everett, Washington.October[edit]Main article: October 19681968 Summer OlympicsOctober 1 – Night of the Living Dead premieres in the United States.October 2 – Tlatelolco massacre: A student demonstration ends in bloodbath at La Plaza de las Tres Culturas in Tlatelolco, Mexico City, Mexico, 10 days before the inauguration of the 1968 Summer Olympics. 300-400 are estimated to have been killed.October 3 – In Peru, Juan Velasco Alvarado takes power in a revolution.October 5 – Police baton civil rights demonstrators in Derry, Northern Ireland, marking the beginning of The Troubles.October 7 – At the height of protests against the Vietnam War, José Feliciano performed "The Star-Spangled Banner" at Tiger Stadium in Detroit during Game 5 pre-game ceremonies of the 1968 World Series between the Tigers and the St. Louis Cardinals. His personalized, slow, Latin jazz performance proved highly controversial, opening the door for later interpretations of the national anthem.October 8 – Vietnam War – Operation Sealords: United States and South Vietnamese forces launch a new operation in the Mekong Delta.October 10 – 1968 World Series: The Detroit Tigers defeat the St. Louis Cardinals in the best of 7 series (4 games to 3) after being down 3 games to 1, completing an unlikely comeback against the heavily favored Cardinals led by the overpowering right-handed pitcher Bob Gibson. The final score of Game 7 is 4-1.October 11 Apollo program: NASA launches Apollo 7, the first manned Apollo mission (Wally Schirra, Donn Eisele, Walter Cunningham). Mission goals include the first live television broadcast from orbit and testing the lunar module docking maneuver.in Panama, a military coup d'état, led by Col. Boris Martinez and Col. Omar Torrijos, overthrows the democratically elected (but highly controversial) government of President Arnulfo Arias. Within a year, Torrijos ousts Martinez and takes charge as de facto Head of Government in Panama.October 12–October 27 – The Games of the XIX Olympiad are held in Mexico City, Mexico.October 12 – Equatorial Guinea receives its independence from Spain.October 14 – Vietnam War: The United States Department of Defense announces that the United States Army and United States Marines will send about 24,000 troops back to Vietnam for involuntary second tours.October 16 In Mexico City, African-American athletes Tommie Smith and John Carlos raise their fists in a black power salute after winning, respectively, the gold and bronze medals in the Olympic men's 200 metres.Kingston, Jamaica is rocked by the Rodney Riots, provoked by the banning of Walter Rodney from the country.October 18 – US athlete Bob Beamon breaks the long jump world record by 55 cm / 21 3/4ins at the 1968 Summer Olympics in Mexico City. His record stands for 23 years, and is still the second longest jump in history.October 20 – Former U.S. First Lady Jacqueline Kennedy marries Greek shipping tycoon Aristotle Onassis on the Greek island of Skorpios.October 22 – The Gun Control Act of 1968 is enacted.October 25 – Led Zeppelin makes their first live performance, at Surrey University in England[11]October 31 – Vietnam War: Citing progress in the Paris peace talks, U.S. President Lyndon B. Johnson announces to the nation that he has ordered a complete cessation of "all air, naval, and artillery bombardment of North Vietnam" effective November 1.November[edit]Main article: November 1968November 5 U.S. presidential election, 1968: Republican challenger Richard Nixon defeats the Democratic candidate, Vice President Hubert Humphrey, and American Independent Party candidate George C. Wallace.Luis A. Ferré, of the newly formed New Progressive Party is elected Governor of Puerto Rico, by beating incumbent governor Roberto Sánchez Vilella of the People's Party, Luis Negrón López of the Popular Democratic Party and Antonio J. Gonzalez of the Puerto Rican Independence Party, he also becomes the first "statehooder" governor of the Island.November 11 – A second republic is declared in the Maldives.November 14 – Yale University announces it is going to admit women.November 15 – Vietnam War: Operation Commando Hunt is initiated to interdict men and supplies on the Ho Chi Minh trail, through Laos into South Vietnam. By the end of the operation, 3 million tons of bombs are dropped on Laos, slowing but not seriously disrupting trail operations. [12] [13]November 17 – The Heidi Game: NBC cuts off the final 1:05 of an Oakland Raiders–New York Jets football game to broadcast the pre-scheduled Heidi. Fans are unable to see Oakland (which had been trailing 32–29) score 2 late touchdowns to win 43–32; as a result, thousands of outraged football fans flood the NBC switchboards to protest.November 17 - British European Airways introduces the BAC One-Eleven into commercial service.November 19 – In Mali, President Modibo Keïta's regime is overthrown in a bloodless military coup led by Moussa Traoré.[14]November 20 – The Farmington Mine disaster in Farmington, West Virginia, kills seventy-eight men.November 22 The Beatles release their self-titled album popularly known as the White Album."Plato's Stepchildren", 12th episode of Star Trek 3rd season is aired, featuring the first-ever interracial kiss on U.S. national television between Lieutenant Uhura and Captain James T. Kirk.November 24 – 4 men hijack Pan Am Flight 281 from JFK International Airport, New York to Havana, Cuba.November 26 – Vietnam War: United States Air Force First Lieutenant and Bell UH-1F helicopter pilot James P. Fleming rescues an Army Special Forces unit pinned down by Viet Cong fire, earning a Medal of Honor for his bravery.December[edit]Main article: December 1968December 3 – The videotaped NBC television special Singer Presents...ELVIS (sponsored by The Singer Company, the American sewing machine manufacturer) marks the comeback of Elvis Presley after the legendary musician had been away from singing.December 6 – The Rolling Stones release Beggars Banquet, which contains the classic song "Sympathy for the Devil."December 9 – Douglas Engelbart publicly demonstrates his pioneering hypertext system, NLS, in San Francisco, together with the computer mouse, at what becomes retrospectively known as "The Mother of All Demos".December 10 – Japan's biggest heist, the never-solved "300 million yen robbery", occurs in Tokyo.December 11 The film Oliver!, based on the hit London and Broadway musical, opens in the U.S. after being released first in England. It goes on to win the Academy Award for Best Picture.The Rolling Stones Rock and Roll Circus is filmed but is not released until 1996.December 13 – Prompted by growing unrest and proliferation of pro-communist terrorist actions, Brazilian president Artur da Costa e Silva enacts the so-called AI-5, the fifth of a series of non-constitutional emergency decrees that helped stabilize the country after the turmoils of the early 1960s.December 17 – In England, Mary Bell, aged 11, is found guilty of murdering two small boys and sentenced to life in detention, but is later released from prison in 1980 and granted anonymity.December 20 – The Zodiac Killer is believed to have shot Betty Lou Jensen and David Faraday on Lake Herman Road, Benicia, San Francisco Bay, California.December 22 David Eisenhower, grandson of former U.S. President Dwight D. Eisenhower, marries Julie Nixon, the daughter of U.S. President-elect Richard Nixon.Mao Zedong advocates that educated urban youth in China be sent for re-education in the countryside. It marks the start of the "Up to the mountains and down to the villages" movement.December 24 – Apollo program: The manned U.S. spacecraft Apollo 8 enters orbit around the Moon. Astronauts Frank Borman, Jim Lovell and William A. Anders become the first humans to see the far side of the Moon and planet Earth as a whole, as well as having traveled further away from Earth than any people in history. Anders photographs Earthrise. The crew also reads from Genesis.December 26 – Led Zeppelin make their American debut in Denver.December 28 – Israeli forces fly into Lebanese airspace, launchin an attack on the airport in Beirut and destroying more than a dozen aircraft.Dates unknown[edit]The Khmer Rouge is officially formed in Cambodia as an offshoot movement of the Vietnam People's Army from North Vietnam to bring communism to the nation. A few years later, they will become bitter enemies.United Artists pulls eleven Looney Tunes and Merrie Melodies cartoons in its library from television due to the depiction of racist stereotypes towards African-Americans. These cartoons come to be known as the Censored Eleven. Above is taken from Wikipedia

Settlers and Colonists of South Africa …Am I proud of my colonial history?My forefathers were not British Colonials, but they were Boer and Afrikaner Settlers. There is a huge difference.The white population in South Africa did not arrive as colonisers, except for the British.We Afrikaners and Boers arrived to build our own nation.One of the major differences is British / English in SA have a European homeland. I have not. As white Afrikaner South African, my ancestors founded two Boer nations or republics, which were lost to Europe. The Boer therefore has total legitimacy to South Africa more than that of British or any past or present day Europeans, such as British, and it goes beyond who was in SA first.After the Khoi and San indigenous peoples, who did not develop southern Africa, my forefathers were the rightful first founder settlers and land owners of southern Africa who first developed southern Africa from a borderless wilderness into one of the most wealthiest first world countries of the world - before the Bantu migrated down from northern Africa to meet and genocide my forefathers above the Fish River and before the Bantu genocided the indigenous Bushmen (Khoi and San), and before the British Colonists arrived to genocide the Boer and Bantu.Am I proud of my “settler” history?The short answer is yes.I don't want British enforced segregation (Apartheid) back, but I do want Secession from the SACP/ANC/PAC/DA/ EFF/BLF Communist government who destroyed my country, immediately, right now, it's long overdue …WARNING to America, Europe and the the world, from somebody who knows first hand - Never allow Communist handlers to flood your borders with foreigners, who are then indoctrinated by their Communist handlers to tell you that your country is not your country anymore and set about plans for genocide and ethnic cleansing against your nation. It happened to me and my country. Today my country is doomed and my people are being murdered like flies. This will definitely happen once you become a minority in your own country, as I have …Julius MalemaChanting threats and violent hate speech at Huis David's -Durban City secures court order against land grabbers | Berea MailIf the Cape province is successful in her current secession from South Africa, it will be one of the most fundamentally significant historical achievements ever to have been undertaken on the continent of Africa.The Cape Good Hope will become the new Monaco once again. Free of Communism /Socialism and free of racism, once and for all, indefinitely, God willing. Amen!Basic services, law and order and a sense of Godliness will hopefully prevail again. Off the charts murder and rape rates will once again become unheard of. Employment rates will skyrocket once again. Military, educational and medical advances will once again be admired worldwide. The scourges of Communist South Africa will become a distant memory. The list of positive results will be endless.This is our prayer, that the entire international world will stand by, and support this endeavour.The Cape Secedes from SA. The people of South Africa will have fully voted with their mandates, merely by registering on the USAF website.Tony Leon ...Khoi and San vs EFF (ANC), are the first people of South Africa. Boer / Afrikaner settlers are the first settlers and founders of South Africa ...South Africa - Why? ...Cape SecessionUSAFhttps://www.usaf.org.zaSettlers and Colonists South AfricaI am a Boer Afrikaner girl (Boeremeisie), from my mother's, and also from my late adoptive father's side. My biological father is Italian. I have never met him and cannot find him although I tried, since age 21.Following, is my country, South Africa's history, from my Boer Afrikaner perspective, which you will seldom, if ever hear, over all the propaganda against me and mine from every nation within, and without South Africa - from voices of those who want me literally dead today.I am part of a very tiny sub-white African ethnic group in South Africa for the most part of 400 years. Less than 4% of survivors today. My forefathers built South Africa. Died for South Africa. Our blood is in her soil and all over the current South African Communist State flag.All white South Africans, including British were once 19% of the population, including my sub-white African group which was about a third of that in 2011.'African' does not mean 'black', it means you were born and bred in Africa, as your forefathers were, irrespective of your skin colour.In 2011 there were 9% of all white African groups left over, including my sub-white African group, left over in SA.Today white Africans are closer to 7% left over, who are awaiting our turn to be murdered - or who have had enough money to emigrate legally.My Turn: Waiting to be Murdered in South Africa, by Alice VLhttps://www.amazon.com/dp/B07KFQPGHQ/ref=cm_sw_r_cp_api_i_EY9cCb6FM7WFJWe do everything legally and we assimilate well. We respect the laws of this world. We even obey the anti-white laws in South Africa, our motherland, which our forefathers built from a wilderness into a kind of Monaco - Against all odds.Today she is a raped, destroyed country and our state has long ago been captured since 1994, by the Communist SACP/ANC/PAC/EFF/BLF/DA, and in 2015 by the wealthy Indian Gupta family, and today by China.ChinafricaBritain still decides our Boer Afrikaner fate from Britain - Even today. Their SA expat children are still prohibited from speaking our Afrikaner language in their homes, because our farmers, (not soldiers), were the very first white Africans to ever defeat the army of the British Empire. This army returned again to genocide 28 000 of our women and children, plus 20 000 black Africans in the process as retribution, after we Boers discovered gold and diamonds.The British introduced segregation (apartheid), to my country, then hired a madman to assassinate my Prime Minister, Dr. H. Verwoerd, to prevent him from making reforms to apartheid. Yet before he died, he made massive reforms.Dr VerwoerdThe British have exploited every nation they ruled. The Boers are in this predicament because the British brought troops from all over the world to overwhelm and defeat the undefeatable Boers in war.The policy of Apartheid was a British concept enforced by the Governor General who remained in South Africa until 1961 after the second war. The British used the Afrikaans word 'Apartheid' to mislead the world to make the world believe that it was the Boers' policy but it was not. Wherever the British ruled, they enforced 'Apartheid'.Around 28,000 women and children and at least 20,000 black people died in the camps - the death toll represented almost 10 per cent of the Boer population.https://www.google.co.za/amp/s/www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-4850592/amp/Photos-reveal-plight-Afrikaners-concentration-camps.htmlAny and every day is a great day to celebrate the selfless life of Emily Hobhouse ... God bless her soul.https://www.reformationsa.org/index.php/history/307-heroine-of-the-anglo-boer-war-emily-hobhouseThe British army burned all the Boer farms and imprisoned the women and children. Next, they proceeded to starve them. The British aim was to break the Boer farmer/"soldiers", who knew their families were slowly being starved.The Boer farmer fighters were forced to surrender, to stop the English from killing the few still clinging to life.Why was the English government fighting a war so far away, comitting 500 000 soldiers to fight the Boers?To own the rich gold reserves the British owned companies proceeded to mine over the next 100 years.The UK saw the opportunity to further punish their UK expat descendants - by supporting the SACP/ANC/PAC/EFF/BLF/DA Communists still today.South Africa is in my blood and in my veins. I am often referred to as "European", yet I never have been a European.I hold a South African passport and, citizenship, and have no legal ancestral ties to Europe which would have allowed me ligitimate ancestral visa, passport, and citizenship.Actually I tried for asylum protection in Europe and lost all my savings, when my "rock solid case" (according to attorney's), was denied, on the basis that "South Africa is still on the international list of safe countries". And I entered the country legally and remained legally also. So why can't all refugees and migrants do as I did? - Enter, stay and leave legally??I lived in a European refugee camp for 18 months together with north Africans and Middle Easterners, like Syrians, Somalis, Sudanese, Yemenese, Iraki's, Iranians, Afghans, Algerians, Nigerians, Moroccans, Cote d'Ivoirians, Eritreans, Ethiopians, Ghanans, Ugandans, Croatians and so on ...I assimilated, I watched them play football, ate, argued, laughed and cried with them. While in camp they showed me things the world has never seen, photos of homes bombed. Taught me much.My Eritrean friends' brother drowned on one of many deliberately sunken ships on his way from Libya. Europeans are not innocent, and sunk many ships, thousands of humans drowned. She found out by chance on Facebook. She collapsed at my feet and was carried to hospital to be given a sedative. I hold dear the handbag she gave me as a farewell gift.I befriended the refugees and migrants whom I shared my camp with, they became my family far away from home. They were good to me. They were generous. They were not terrorists. Many were merely economic migrants, many were Stateless.Yet I am acutely aware of Islamic State deceptions and Daesh all over Europe and the entire world. I am not naive.I am white African with South African citizenship and passport. I am not "European", because many Communist Europeans tell me I "deserve to die today" like this, for things neither I, nor my forefathers ever did ...https://www.google.com/amp/s/www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-2179171/amp/Walkerville-family-murders-Horrific-death-boy-12-drowned-boiling-water-robbers-raped-mother.htmlThe Communists lie, and have even written thousands of rubbish books and made thousands of rubbish YouTube video's about me and my forefathers whom they seem to think they "know" better than I do.SlaughterMalema: Cutting the throats of "whiteness"PECharles Carroll Society - Putting Julius Malema and EFF into the correct contextAndile Mngxitamahttps://southafricatoday.net/media/south-africa-video/political-videos/blf-and-other-black-leaders-call-for-war-on-white-south-africans/And Gcobani Ndzongana plans to push all Hermanus whites into the sea! This information is a wake up call to all white South Africans!Interview by an American ministerJust another murder in South AfricaRene Kruger thanking Donald TrumpWillem Petzer thanking Donald TrumpDanie Barnard testimonyWhy white South Africans can't leaveQuinton du Plessis' testimonyBelinda's testimonyJacques Barnard's testimonySouth African Alison Botha survives brutal attackSouth African farm murdersAvi and MariandraBoer widow speaks outMarianda Heunis survivorGenocide in South AfricaTeenagers grandparents and parents murdered on South African farmSouth African farm murders. Janines storyWife of murdered Peet van EssAvi Yemini explains hate filled march to kill whites in South AfricaSouth African genocide explainedSouth African farm attacks. Survivor interviewsFarm murder storiesWhite farmers in South Africa are being tortured and killedSouth Africa media silentAt last the world is waking upWhite genocide South AfricaThe world is waking upMany countries still remain silent on farmer family genocide in South AfricaFarmer family attacks and murders in South AfricaSouth Africa advances anti-white policies in the "Rainbow Nation", amid farm murdersWe speak to farmers and farm workers about South African farm murdersTribute to South African farm murder victimsWhite farmer genocide in South AfricaSA farm murders - FactsSouth African politicians publicly call for white genocide in South AfricaHate songs against white South Africans - the Boer (farmer) ...Typical Communist inspired disinformation from Communists within South Africa ...Political agendas against South African farmers ...South African farm murders. A warning for AmericaAmericans ... What would you do?Police racism in South AfricaAngry South African farmers ward off Communist anti-white African protestersTrevor Noah a blind CommunistBlack willful ignorance of pre non-Communist South African history and racism ...Khoisan lady tells Julius Malema how it really isJulius Malema finally, yet unwhittingly, (dumbass), admits that black people are not native to South Africa ...https://youtu.be/aA_Ko_Ddc44A black South African lady explains how murdering white farmers impacts her familyBlack South African calls out South African government Communist censored media ...Black man tells black South Africans why they should stop murdering white South AfricansSouth African terrorist government once more aligns with another terrorist organisation, Hamas, making South Africa' alignment with Iran a potential threat to all ...https://www.conservativewoman.co.uk/south-africas-treating-with-terrorists-threatens-us-all/International Criminal Court attorney, Yani Meyer discusses the SAXP/ ANC government-supported violence in South Africa, and some of the steps being taken to save the lives of law-abiding and peaceable members of the minority population ...South African farmers are busy undergoing a genocide in South Africa today - Actually the first reported farm murder took place in 1987The Democratic Alliance sub-SACP/ANC political party of South Africa owes it's minority voters an apology (it won't happen! )Such a pity Ramaphosa, the SACP/ ANC, Andile the BLF, PAC, DA, were left out of this complaint.The DA also promotes land grabs.ANC runs a killer-dictatorship - warning by SA communisthttp://censorbugbear-reports.blogspot.co.za/2009/12/anc-runs-killer-dictatorship-warning-by.html?utm_source=twitterfeed&utm_medium=pingfm&m=1#!The Democratic Alliance would hasten the land reform process in South Africa if it were to come to power, party leader Mmusi Maimane:http://mini.iol.co.za/news/politics/da-would-speed-up-land-reform-says-maimane-1994560And here is the result of land grabs in South Africa, "hastened land reform" (theft) ....http://www.radiofreesouthafrica.com/farm-murders/Democratic Alliance and ANC MPs take away minority job-rights, vote for the Employment Equity Amendment BillRead more at http://www.censorbugbear.org/farmitracker/reports/view/1753#ZE0TjU8wcxcDRWg2.99The DA's final objective is to form a coalition with SACP/ANC/PAC/EFF/BLF Communist parties.http://www.rdm.co.za/politics/2015/04/20/under-maimane-can-the-da-address-its-greatest-shortcoming,DA (DEVILS ALLIANCE) = SACP/ANC = EFF =BLF=PAC...... Can you see it now yet??DA to introduce recruitment targets based on racehttp://businesstech.co.za/news/general/109377/da-to-introduce-recruitment-targets-based-on-race/http://www.politicsweb.co.za/opinion/zille-accused-of-airbrushing-tony-leon-from-opposiANC-regime blocks white asylum-seekers:http://genocideinsouthafrica.co.za/image/anc-regime-blocks-white-asylum-seekersEdit: The ANC has censored this link above too. The ANC's IT people have been going around disabling links and shadow banning and such all over the Internet. The censorship is incredible.Result of Affirmative Actions and BBBEE anti-white South African laws against White Africans since Mandela - Token positions of authority based on skin tone and not on merit ...Don't ask the Minister at SONA 2019, "What are you wearing?".OMIGOSH! South Africa since segregation ended!Enjoy some of South Africa's dumbest Communist indoctrinated Affirmative Action beneficiary token politiciansCommunist EFF parliamentary racist lies and antics against white African membersSouth African Police Chief makes the most woke statement ...South African Affirmative Action PoliceDumb SA Communist indoctrinated anti- white African criminalsSouth Africa's dumbest politicians - Affirmative Action beneficiaries ...And ... the stoopid goes on and on in South African Communist governanceResult of Affirmative Actions against white African minoritiesEven South African police don't get the gravity of the terrorist situation in SAANC President of South Africa condom sales pitch in Parliament ...Cyril Ramaphosa Fat CatFormer impeached Communist SACP/ANC/EFF president of South Africa - OMIGOSH!!Apartheid: "They did not oppress us" - YouTubeThere are so many similar videos online, so this is not just one black man's opinion...What will Nelson Mandela be remembered for?https://www.quora.com/What-will-Nelson-Mandela-be-remembered-for/answer/Alana-Logan-4https://www.quora.com/How-was-Nelson-Mandela/answer/Alana-Logan-4Tainted "Hero's"Blood Sisters book reveals how often Afrikaner victims are tortured: skinned alive, body parts harvested live... facts which the SAPS do not reveal...http://www.censorbugbear.org/farmitracker/reports/view/1125Blood Sisters by Roelien Schutte; Eileen de Jager (LAPA Publishers)https://m.takealot.com/#product?id=PLID35502510Pieced together from interviews with sisters Eileen de Jager and Roelien Schutte by journalist Ilse Salzwedel, this book offers an intriguing, entertaining and sometimes upsetting glimpse into a world few people know exists.Some of you might have seen the 2008 Hollywood movie Sunshine Cleaning with Amy Adams and Emily Blunt as two sisters teaming up to earn extra cash by cleaning up scenes of murder, suicide and other grisly affairs.This book is nothing like the movie.Eileen de Jager and Roelien Schutte are not squeamish Hollywood princesses who solve familial issues while doing something offbeat together. They are strong, no-nonsense, real women who get on with job and are the best at what they do.As readers, we're taken on an incredible journey that touches on their respective life stories and also the story of their business (now the leading crime cleanup company in South Africa).Along the way we're given a glimpse into crime scenes and what it reveals about the psychology of the people involved. For example, the facts that suicide is seasonal and that women leave “neater” scenes to clean up.It then turns truly upsetting as family murders and farm murders are discussed. The latter especially, called 'torture scenes' by the sisters, lays bare the stark ugly truth behind this hate-driven crime.I am by no means a 'sensitive reader' but some of the scenes and crimes described shocked me to the core. It is human nature at its worst and one can't help but immediately think of your own loved ones and the pain the victims' families and friends must have experienced.And that is why I am in absolute awe of the amazing women who do this type of work.Sure Eileen and Roelien do what they do because it needs to be done, but what is striking throughout is the book is their commitment to make things better for those left behind, the compassion and empathy they display in dealing with crime scenes, and ultimately their steely resolve that inspires those left behind to carry on with their lives.Political agendas against South African farmers ...South African farm murders. Survivor interviewsKilling Fields documentaryFarmlands - Lauren SouthernJesse Lee Petersen Lauren Southernhttps://youtu.be/2vQv2l-P9IYSouth African farms are not actually given to non-whites at all. They don't ever get given title deeds except occasionally just for show to one or two token recipients. The farms are owned by government cronies and government and mining companies or sold given to China for peanuts and farms stolen from whites and blacks at the barrel of a gun go to hell ... and never end up producing ... anything ...https://youtu.be/gOFplk1O4zESharpeville 1960 is held up today as the single biggest “massacre” of blacks by whites during the years of Apartheid. The (non-Communist) truth about Sharpeville is actually quite well known for anybody who wants to do the research.Basically about 15,000 Blacks armed with guns, pipes and machetes (pangas) marched on a police station manned by about 300 policemen to “Peacefully” demonstrate against the law of having to carry a passport when visiting or working in South Africa. The march was organised by the Pan African Congress Communist Robert Sobukwe, who in typical cowardly communist fashion used women and children to do his dirty work while he was sitting in a pub in an adjacent town during the events.About fifty policemen, mostly rookies, one of which were in the service for only a month, went outside to meet the crowd. The police officers were given strict orders not to shoot, but nervousness set in and one policeman dropped his weapon and a shot went off. All hell broke loose and the police started firing.69 Blacks died. The official reports states that many were shot in the back. But the journalism have to be brought into question because the bodies photographed had EXIT wounds on their backs where the most blood is shown.Shot in the front, small entry, person runs away and collapses on his stomach, bloody exit wound on his back is photographed by BBC journalists and claim that he was shot in the back... you get the picture.If the police really wanted to commit a “massacre”, they would have shot wildly into the crowd, emptied their magazines and thousands of Blacks would have been killed. The fact that only 69 were killed was a testimony to the discipline and restraint exercised by the policemen.The Sunday night and the Monday morning preceding the “Massacre” the police drove the Blacks back with batons and tear gas, but they still kept coming, at about 13h35 on the Sunday they broke through the gates and their aim was to kill every policeman inside the police station.But what gave the Blacks this courage and confidence to march on a police station and kill everyone inside was an horrific incident that took place about two months before that at Cato Manor.It was a Saturday, 25th of January 1960...A large amount of blacks came to have a family reunion and were getting pissed out of their brackets at a local “Shebeen”, an illegal drinking spot in Cato Manor, Durban.Standard police practice was to set off a 12 man patrol in certain areas and then pick them up with their captives later on.On the watch of a Sergeant Winterboer, he set off a 12 man patrol and arranged to pick them up at later at the premises of a firm called “Benoni Nr 1”.The leader of the patrol was a constable Joubert. The police arrested a man and suddenly was surrounded by a mob of drunken Blacks who demanded the release of the prisoner. Under the circumstances it would probably have been the best thing to do, but Constable Joubert, who has been a policeman for only 18 months, underestimated the danger.The black women started cheering on their drunken males with their traditional high pitched tongue noises.Constable Joubert’s answer was, “Only over my dead body will I let this prisoner go”.At this point a Black policeman stepped on the foot of a Black woman who started crying and screaming hysterically. Within a few minutes the police patrol was surrounded by a mob of drunken Blacks armed with Knobkerries and Machetes coming from every surrounding shack and shouting, “Kill the Boers!, Kill the Boers!”. Under a hail of rocks the policemen tried to make their way back to the premises of “Benoni Nr1” where they hoped sergeant Winterboer would be waiting for them, but the Blacks barricaded their retreat.At this time Sergeant Winterboer arrived at the scene, but instead of using his rifle, paniced and ran back to the police station to call on reinforcement.While he was gone, the stone throwing increased on the police patrol and Constable Joubert made his way to a nearby Avocado tree, attempting to climb it and escape the machete wielding mob.Joubert was pulled down and the mob of machete wielding Blacks hacked him to pieces. Two White policemen called Kriel and Rademan and a Black policeman called Dludla also tried to escape the mob. Kriel fought with his bare fists and ran almost a kilometre before he was also hacked to pieces. Rademan heard the cries of his comrade and returned to help and was also hacked to pieces. The Black policeman Dludla tried to Help Rademan and he also was hacked to pieces.The body of another White policeman Gert Rheeder was later retrieved from under a heap of rocks and loaded onto a police truck. When it arrived back at the police station, Police Major, Jerry van der Merwe officially saluted the slain Policeman, at which point an Indian policeman saw the finger of the “corpse” move, his head and his body was reduced to such a bloody mess that his own parents could not even recognise him.Rheeder, survived, but remained for the rest of his life a useless psychological wreck.“So what about the Avocado tree that Joubert tried to climb?” you ask...Well, about a month later...Nine Blacks bought a case of beer at the local Shebeen and parked off under the exact same tree and started drinking, when out of nowhere a lightning bolt hit the tree an killed all nine blacks underneath...Coincidence?...An act of God?....you be the judge.Source: “Verrat an Südafrika”, Klaus D Vaque Copyright 1988, Varama Publishers, ISBN 0-620-12978-6, pg 172-175.Sharpeville 1960 is held up today as the single biggest “massacre” of blacks by whites during the years of Apartheid. The truth about Sharpeville is actually quite well known for anybody who wants to do the research.Basically about 15,000 Blacks armed with guns, pipes and machetes (pangas) marched on a police station manned by about 300 policemen to “Peacefully” demonstrate against the law of having to carry a passport when visiting or working in South Africa. The march was organised by the Pan African Congress Communist Robert Sobukwe, who in typical cowardly communist fashion used women and children to do his dirty work while he was sitting in a pub in an adjacent town during the events.About fifty policemen, mostly rookies, one of which were in the service for only a month, went outside to meet the crowd. The police officers were given strict orders not to shoot, but nervousness set in and one policeman dropped his weapon and a shot went off. All hell broke loose and the police started firing.69 Blacks died. The official reports states that many were shot in the back. But the journalism have to be brought into question because the bodies photographed had EXIT wounds on their backs where the most blood is shown.Shot in the front, small entry, person runs away and collapses on his stomach, bloody exit wound on his back is photographed by BBC journalists and claim that he was shot in the back... you get the picture.If the police really wanted to commit a “massacre”, they would have shot wildly into the crowd, emptied their magazines and thousands of Blacks would have been killed. The fact that only 69 were killed was a testimony to the discipline and restraint exercised by the policemen.The Sunday night and the Monday morning preceding the “Massacre” the police drove the Blacks back with batons and tear gas, but they still kept coming, at about 13h35 on the Sunday they broke through the gates and their aim was to kill every policeman inside the police station.But what gave the Blacks this courage and confidence to march on a police station and kill everyone inside was an horrific incident that took place about two months before that at Cato Manor.It was a Saturday, 25th of January 1960...A large amount of blacks came to have a family reunion and were getting pissed out of their brackets at a local “Shebeen”, an illegal drinking spot in Cato Manor, Durban.Standard police practice was to set off a 12 man patrol in certain areas and then pick them up with their captives later on.On the watch of a Sergeant Winterboer, he set off a 12 man patrol and arranged to pick them up at later at the premises of a firm called “Benoni Nr 1”.The leader of the patrol was a constable Joubert. The police arrested a man and suddenly was surrounded by a mob of drunken Blacks who demanded the release of the prisoner. Under the circumstances it would probably have been the best thing to do, but Constable Joubert, who has been a policeman for only 18 months, underestimated the danger.The black women started cheering on their drunken males with their traditional high pitched tongue noises.Constable Joubert’s answer was, “Only over my dead body will I let this prisoner go”.At this point a Black policeman stepped on the foot of a Black woman who started crying and screaming hysterically. Within a few minutes the police patrol was surrounded by a mob of drunken Blacks armed with Knobkerries and Machetes coming from every surrounding shack and shouting, “Kill the Boers!, Kill the Boers!”. Under a hail of rocks the policemen tried to make their way back to the premises of “Benoni Nr1” where they hoped sergeant Winterboer would be waiting for them, but the Blacks barricaded their retreat.At this time Sergeant Winterboer arrived at the scene, but instead of using his rifle, paniced and ran back to the police station to call on reinforcement.While he was gone, the stone throwing increased on the police patrol and Constable Joubert made his way to a nearby Avocado tree, attempting to climb it and escape the machete wielding mob.Joubert was pulled down and the mob of machete wielding Blacks hacked him to pieces. Two White policemen called Kriel and Rademan and a Black policeman called Dludla also tried to escape the mob. Kriel fought with his bare fists and ran almost a kilometre before he was also hacked to pieces. Rademan heard the cries of his comrade and returned to help and was also hacked to pieces. The Black policeman Dludla tried to Help Rademan and he also was hacked to pieces.The body of another White policeman Gert Rheeder was later retrieved from under a heap of rocks and loaded onto a police truck. When it arrived back at the police station, Police Major, Jerry van der Merwe officially saluted the slain Policeman, at which point an Indian policeman saw the finger of the “corpse” move, his head and his body was reduced to such a bloody mess that his own parents could not even recognise him.Rheeder, survived, but remained for the rest of his life a useless psychological wreck.“So what about the Avocado tree that Joubert tried to climb?” you ask...Well, about a month later...Nine Blacks bought a case of beer at the local Shebeen and parked off under the exact same tree and started drinking, when out of nowhere a lightning bolt hit the tree an killed all nine blacks underneath...Coincidence?...An act of God?....you be the judge.Source: “Verrat an Südafrika”, Klaus D Vaque Copyright 1988, Varama Publishers, ISBN 0-620-12978-6, pg 172-175.Zimbabwe /The bag on my backhttps://www.aljazeera.com/programmes/witness/2013/08/201381974956267339.htmlZimbabwe becomes Russian ColonyZimbabwe Land.....The state owns all the commercial farm land in Zimbabwe, which amounts to 7.2 million hectares.This is a full-length documentary on the transition of Africa from colonialism to chaos. It is as relevant today, as when it was made more than 50 years ago.Africa AddioThe Retief Massacre of 6 February 1838 revisitedwww.scielo.org.za › scielo ...http://www.scielo.org.za/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0018-229X2011000200007Piet Retief's original land titlehttp://www.tokencoins.com/pietretief.htmBattle of Blood River. Afrikaner (Boer) victory ...http://www.allexplore.com/id822.htmSettlers and Colonists of South Africahttps://www.quora.com/How-can-we-stop-farm-murders-in-South-Africa/answer/Alana-Logan-4https://www.quora.com/How-and-why-were-the-British-French-Spanish-Germans-Portuguese-Italians-Russians-Greeks-Dutch-Danish-and-Belgians-invade-conquer-colonise-and-take-over-Namibia-South-Africa-Kenya-Somalia-Eritrea-Ethiopia-and/answer/Alana-Logan-4Do American White nationalists support Apartheid? Why do I see some waving the Union of South Africa flag then?https://www.quora.com/Do-American-White-nationalists-support-Apartheid-Why-do-I-see-some-waving-the-Union-of-South-Africa-flag-then/answer/Alana-Logan-4What would happen if Donald Trump waves the flag of the Union of South Africa? Would this spark outrage?https://www.quora.com/What-would-happen-if-Donald-Trump-waves-the-flag-of-the-Union-of-South-Africa-Would-this-spark-outrage/answer/Alana-Logan-4What is an African-American?https://www.quora.com/What-is-an-African-American/answer/Alana-Logan-4Were countries surrounding South Africa affected by its apartheid?https://www.quora.com/Were-countries-surrounding-South-Africa-affected-by-its-apartheid/answer/Alana-Logan-4Are there really many Africans learning Mandarin in Africa? What do Africans really think of China?https://www.quora.com/Are-there-really-many-Africans-learning-Mandarin-in-Africa-What-do-Africans-really-think-of-China/answer/Alana-Logan-4What is the best film that represents the culture of South Africa?https://www.quora.com/What-is-the-best-film-that-represents-the-culture-of-South-Africa/answer/Alana-Logan-4Why is there so much anti-terror activity in Africa?https://www.quora.com/Why-is-there-so-much-anti-terror-activity-in-Africa/answer/Alana-Logan-4Has the white exodus from South Africa slowed down, or is it still happening?https://www.quora.com/Has-the-white-exodus-from-South-Africa-slowed-down-or-is-it-still-happening/answer/Alana-Logan-4What’s needed for full reconciliation between the racial groups in South Africa?https://www.quora.com/What-s-needed-for-full-reconciliation-between-the-racial-groups-in-South-Africa/answer/Alana-Logan-4Will South Africa become a new Zimbabwe?https://www.quora.com/Will-South-Africa-become-a-new-Zimbabwe/answer/Alana-Logan-4Why is the world not reacting or responding at all to South Africa’s government changing the constitution to forcibly seize the land of white farmers?https://www.quora.com/Why-is-the-world-not-reacting-or-responding-at-all-to-South-Africa-s-government-changing-the-constitution-to-forcibly-seize-the-land-of-white-farmers/answer/Alana-Logan-4How should I represent South Africa in MUN?https://www.quora.com/How-should-I-represent-South-Africa-in-MUN/answer/Alana-Logan-4What was it like to be a black South African during apartheid?https://www.quora.com/What-was-it-like-to-be-a-black-South-African-during-apartheid/answer/Alana-Logan-4Do older white South Africans feel ashamed or guilt for what happened during apartheid?https://www.quora.com/Do-older-white-South-Africans-feel-ashamed-or-guilt-for-what-happened-during-apartheid/answer/Alana-Logan-4What might be ethnic problems related to language extinction?https://www.quora.com/What-might-be-ethnic-problems-related-to-language-extinction/answer/Alana-Logan-4How many countries would Africa have if the continent had not been divided without regard to ethnic groups during colonialism?https://www.quora.com/How-many-countries-would-Africa-have-if-the-continent-had-not-been-divided-without-regard-to-ethnic-groups-during-colonialism/answer/Alana-Logan-4In South Africa, do white people own 72% of the country's farmland, even though they're 8% of the population?https://www.quora.com/In-South-Africa-do-white-people-own-72-of-the-countrys-farmland-even-though-theyre-8-of-the-population/answer/Alana-Logan-4

Wow, this is such a big question! I'm not going to pretend I can change human nature, individually or collectively, or indulge fantastic ideas like "There should be no violence." That's true, but unachievable.Given the above limitations, I propose changes in five categories: civil institutions, social programs, economics, foreign relations, and miscellaneous.CIVIL INSTITUTIONSVoter ID: The Federal Government should issue photo IDs to interested individuals at no cost, and with available "house call" service to their doors. These federal IDs would be valid for all government uses including as voter ID, across the nation and extended jurisdictions of the United States. This does not replace states' rights to define who is eligible for the driving privilege, the right to vote, or other services. It only allows citizens to appeal to a different institutional analysis of those rules to see if they are correctly applied. This would, I think, minimize or eliminate the feared problem of voter disenfranchisement arising from government photo ID requirements to vote by ensuring that every eligible voter, no matter their circumstances, has access to valid voter ID.Legal Aid: A tax on lawyers' fees (waived in pro bono cases and criminal defense cases at taxpayer expense) should be levied, and the funds used to fund Legal Aid, more staff for district attorney's offices, and other sources of legal justice for the poor and underdogs. This would do a great deal to supplement the funding currently provided by collecting the interest from laywers' escrow accounts to fund these charities (a funding mechanism called IOLTA). Lack of financial resources should never be the reason for losing a legal case, and this increased funding would go a long way to reducing such miscarriages of justice. This falls under the category of tort reform.Open Primaries: Candidates for any elective office should be presented by the various parties to a state-run primary. Each party can choose its own nomination process. Each party that has received at least 1% of the vote (for all candidates for a particular office) in the previous election is allowed to present one candidate for inclusion on the primary's ballot. Parties that received at least 25% of the vote present two candidates each. Eligible voters from across the state vote in the open primary, choosing their first, second, and third choices for the office, with the option to write in the names of candidates that do not appear on the ballot. Each candidate has a victory condition, which is 50% for all candidates that have never served in this office and (50+2t)% for those who have served t terms in that office. While there are more than two candidates remaining, the candidate that is the furthest from their victory condition is dropped and their votes given to the next candidate on the voter's ballot (if it was the voter's 1st choice, the vote is given to that voter's second choice; if 2nd, then 3rd). The top two finishers go on to the general election, and ballot eligibility for the next election is determined from the percentage of the vote each party received in the open primary (including write-in candidates, so new parties and independent candidates can get ballot access). States have the option to allow or disallow write-ins on the general election ballot, to merely allow or to require major parties to present two options, or to allow primary ballot access based on signature petitions and other means besides success in the open primary. This open primary system has four major advantages over the existing system; it weakens the ideological hold of the major parties (promoting more of a "big tent" attitude), it counteracts the effect where incumbents are disproportionately likely to win elections, it encourages the participation of minor parties and independent candidates, and it gives the general public more influence over who runs for office (not just who wins those elections).Jails & Prisons: In an effort to reduce criminal recidivism rates and improve overall public health, the jail/prison system needs a major reform. Suspects need therapy, drug rehab, and other assessments to determine and address the pressures driving them to criminal behavior. Sentencing should not just be in years of prison time, but separated into categories based on demonstrably effective rehabilitation. Convicts with mental health problems need facilities specifically designed around effective treatment of those mental illnesses. Convicts with drug addictions need effective drug rehabilitation facilities. Convicts desperate from poverty need job training, so that they are not returned to similar desperation after they are released. Punishment is a reasonable aim for a prison system, but convicts returning to the outside world need to return to a healthy, productive role in society as a protection for society. Parole can help guide an ex-con in that new civilian life, but training for that new life should begin in jail and continue in prison. If and when that kind of rehabilitation is impossible, the far more expensive avenues of life in prison or capital punishment are the only avenues remaining. Prisons incapable of low recidivism rates need to be phased out in favor of the new style prisons. In the long run, the greater justice of rehabilitation costs far less money than the perpetual housing (or the drawn-out appeals process of execution) of our tremendously large prison population.Job Hunting: People change jobs a lot these days, and ought to more than they do as a check on employer's power. It'd be cool to have a very effective automated program that is constantly looking to place people in better jobs. While you work, while you sleep, and while you recreate, the jobs app is comparing your skills and preferences to all available jobs, and informs you of potential dream job matches. Opportunity won't just knock, it'll use push notifications.Campaign Finance: Moderate reforms should strengthen the wall of separation between corporate donations and political campaigns. The paper wall between SuperPACs and campaigns is too weak. Perhaps it would be better to keep donors' identities secret from candidates and their campaigns, so they are dealing only with revenue without any verifiable knowledge of to whom they owe their gratitude; that would prevent quid pro quo relationships without any violation of freedom of political speech as upheld by the Supreme Court. But how could the information be made publicly available while keeping it secret from the campaigns? If that's impossible, maybe SuperPACs could be limited to making arguments recommending issue positions and asking voters to vote for "any candidate who agrees" (without naming names). If corporate money cannot mention specific candidates or parties, perhaps coordination between campaigns and SuperPACs would be crippled. Maybe corporations should be allowed to donate money or lobby, but not both. I donno. Something needs to be done, and "take money out of politics" is a sentiment rather than a policy. I need to do more research, though.Election Districts: After each decade's census, election districts will be drawn up by a non-partisan committee of sociologists, city planners, census analysts, and other experts with the intent of drawing districts that respect non-political cultural differences within the populations. No more gerrymandering.Presidential Elections: The territories and Americans living abroad will collectively be given electorial votes for President on the same principle as DC; they get three, the same number as the least populous state. Thus, Americans in the territories will finally be able to cast votes for President.________________SOCIAL PROGRAMSHomelessness: The federal government should adopt a "Housing First" approach to addressing homelessness. This approach has proven in various cities and states that it is cheaper for the taxpayer to buy homes for the homeless and help them out of their state of dependency on government programs than it is to pay for expensive services (emergency room visits, shelters, etc) for the same population perpetually. Ronald Reagan said that welfare programs should be judged by how many people no longer need them, and "Housing First" is an excellent example of that principle in action.Education & Federalism: Legislation should be passed that keeps the federal government out of schools that have high graduation rates and high rates of graduate success in colleges, leaving their regulation to the states and communities that, seemingly, are operating them well. Conversely, schools that are doing poorly should taken over by the federal government's Department of Education and provided with emergency funding for a period of four years, with the express motivation of bringing educational outcomes above the national and state-wide averages. At the end of those four years, the schools' management will be returned to the state control with instructions to maintain the new style of operation for a minimum of four years or lose federal education funding. In short, states should be accountable to the federal Department of Education for gross educational failures, but the responsibility for running education should stay primarily (if they do a good job, entirely) with the states.Adult Education: English and employment classes should be available to all Americans in all 50 states and DC, at taxpayer expense when necessary. The Department of Education can manage this national program. The dignity that arises from earning your own way through your own job should be available to all. This would also likely lower welfare expenses, especially unemployment and the "free rider" problem with health costs; workers are more likely to be insured, especially since ObamaCare (the ACA).Immigration: Legal immigration (work visas, student visas, permanent resident status, and naturalization) should be streamlined to take months instead of years (excluding the refugee vetting system, which has proven very effective). Also, all immigration caps will be eliminated (especially for immigrating workers). The implementation of this program will correspond to increased border security, on the premise that anyone cheating the new, easier system knows they would not pass the security check (eg, they are smugglers or agents of hostile governments/organizations or something). A pathway to legal status without deportation will be offered to all people physically within the borders of the United States at that time, with the understanding that any future border-jumpers will face serious punishments and denied birthright citizenship after the reform takes place. All this will probably require a significant increase in federal employees of the Immigration and Naturalization Service, Customs and Border Patrol, and perhaps other agencies at least temporarily. But in the end it results in a more open gate to the law-abiding and more security directed against smuggling, human trafficking, disease vectors, transplanting of invasive species, and the other hazards borders exist to protect against. It's easier to protect the borders when decent, desperate people don't have to intermingle with criminals just to get into the country.Abortion: Legal, safe abortion should be universally available to any woman whose consent was not given for the sexual act, whose life is threatened by the pregnancy, whose child is affected by serious birth defects, whose pregnancy is still early in the process (perhaps the first trimester, or the embryo stage; some standard of early pregnancy set by congress), or who was prevented by coercive force or threats of violence from getting an abortion in those early stages. But late-term pregnancies without unusual medical challenges resulting from consensual sex should be carried to term and, if unwanted by the birth parents or their families, adopted.Gay Rights: LGBT people should have equal access to housing, employment, military service, insurance, and especially adoption rights everywhere across the nation. Religions maintain the right to have whatever doctrine they want about the morality of same-sex attraction and its expressions, but they are denied any ability to punish those things except by denying official membership recognition to those individuals. Discrimination in the providing of charitable or other public services to individuals on the basis of sexual orientation is grounds for denying tax exempt status.Community Policing: Many places in America have serious cultural rifts between the civilian community and local police. These rifts need bridging. If that means police doing charitable work in these neighborhoods, side-by-side with locals, so be it. If it means town meetings where grievances can be brought to police attention or appealed to outside authorities (state police or the FBI, for example), so be it. If that means defying police unions in order to regain community confidence in the local police force, so be it. If it means communities democratically assembling institutions of legally armed civilians to protect the local community members from police deemed clearly corrupt, so be it. If a police department sufficiently fails a community, it is reasonable for the community to assemble a rival law enforcement organization to do a better job. While I firmly believe that the vast, vast majority of police in America do an excellent job serving and protecting their communities, I can't ignore the likelihood that there are a few bad examples among the police departments of such a large nation as ours. Repairs must always be possible.Science: Scientific research grants and subsidies should be at least doubled, and NASA funding restored. The use of fetal biomatter from medically induced abortions for scientific research should not be federally funded as a cautionary protection against turning humans into literal commodities, and the ban on the sale of human organs should continue. An organization should be created as a subsidiary of the National Science Foundation (perhaps in association with PBS, NPR, and/or Nova) to assemble periodic reports on the current state of scientific research in different fields for a reading/YouTube audience of legislators and voters. From abiogenesis to zoo conditions, from global warming to guns' effects on crime, vaccination safety, nutrition, what really causes cancer (and what doesn't), forensics, child development, etc... it'd be good to have a trustworthy one-stop-shop where a layman can go to learn what is and what is not currently accepted science. Free to the public, of course. It could be called the Science Advisory Agency (SAA).______________________ECONOMICSCapital Gains Taxes: The Warren Buffet problem, where the very rich who make money investing are not taxed to as high an effective rate as their less wealthy wage and salary employees are, needs to change, but in a way that does not undermine investment in startups that provide significant employment, infrastructure construction and upkeep, research and development, or other socially essential investments. Is there a way to distinguish large, long-term financial investments that do clear social good from large, long-term investments that do no particular social good? If so, I'd like to apply an annual but small tax on the possession of the unhelpful long-term class of investments over $1 million (2000USD, adjusted for inflation).Corporate Taxes: The corporate income tax rate should be slightly lowered for all categories (even slightly negative for very small startups), loopholes eliminated, and the tax rate also applied to payroll cost (bonuses and stock options included) of the top 10% highest-paid employees (presumably executives) of the corporation. This will increase the proportion of all tax revenue raised from corporate taxes, create a strong disincentive to overpay top executives, and do so without challenging the United States to attract major companies or those companies' ability to attract top talent to top positions.Payroll Taxes: Medicaid, Medicare, and Social Security should be altered from the "personal accounts" model that creates such high payroll taxes (especially on the lowest income individuals) and instead allow other tax revenue to supplement personal savings. This will lower the cost of hiring people, thus lowering unemployment, while increasing the minimum level of benefits available and helping balance the revenue-to-payout ratio of these entitlement programs. Running these programs as welfare programs rather than entitlement programs makes far better fiscal sense.Income Assistance: The lowest income bracket should be a negative rate to make even menial jobs more financially rewarding. Furthermore, the unemployed and/or unemployable who provide their time and efforts to charitable causes should be eligible for an income tax refund even if it is volunteer work. This would encourage more people to apply themselves to the betterment of their community, and would help defer the costs of welfare programs both by encouraging private charity and by keeping folks active in socially beneficial pursuits. This can work as a stand-alone policy, or can be combined with basic income proposals or minimum wage increases.Defense Spending Priorities: A greater share of defense spending should go to vets services, serviceman/-woman compensation, veterans' hospitals, and other rewards and showings of thanks to our servicemen/-women. I'm also willing to cut defense to some degree. See also: Peacekeeping, and Deficits & Debt.Deficits & Debt: I propose a one-time spending cut funded 1/4th by tax revenue increases, 1/4th by defense spending cuts, and 1/2 by non-defense spending cuts, all relative to the previous year's budget. The sum of these deficit reductions should be such that payments on the national debt are at least 50% more than the interest payment alone. Let congress debate the details (perhaps drawing from the cost savings proposed in other points on this list), but this budget framework should continue until the federal debt is less than 80% of GDP. Thereafter, it should be the goal of the federal government to get the debt under 80% of GDP at least one year each Presidential term.Income Taxes: I mention above that I'm okay cutting the deficit in part through tax increases. If that means raising the tax rate on the rich, or creating a new super-rich tax bracket, or both... I'm okay with a slight rate hike. A highest marginal tax rate above 50% seems excessive, but 40% or 45% is probably fine, especially if only applied to income above the million-dollars-a-year mark. Personal income taxes are the most progressive form of taxation already; they don't need much reform.Pollution/Carbon Tax: A small tax on carbon emissions (eg, mining, refining, manufacturing, and fossil fuel sales) intended to differ the costs of the negative externalities of air pollution is not an unreasonable way to pay for the ever-increasing costs of environmental cleanup in the modern age. A similar tax on methane emissions applied to ranchers is also reasonable. One need not believe that humans are causing global warming to believe that environmental cleanup is costly but necessary. (I do believe that humans are causing global warming, though.)Energy: While coal (for electricity) and oil (for transportation) will likely remain the primary energy sources for the foreseeable future, investments in solar, wind, hydroelectric, geothermal, and nuclear power must continue. Of those, nuclear power has the best chance of producing electrical power on a scale that will reduce our dependence on fossil fuels in only a few decades. Let development and construction begin on new, extremely safety-conscious nuclear power plants in the United States once again.Currency: I'd like to put Sojourner Truth on the 20 instead of Andrew Jackson, put one of the ladies from the dollar coins (Susan B. Anthony or Sacajawea) on a new, gold-and-copper $5 coin, bring back the JFK half-dollar design, and put Martin Luther King, Jr., on a new $250 bill (utilizing the absolute best in anti-counterfeiting technology). The penny is to be discontinued. A regulation should be passed rushing the update of vending machines, coin counting machines, and such across the country to be updated to accept half-dollar, dollar, and five-dollar coins; I don't just want these to be collectors items, I want them to actually get used.__________________FOREIGN RELATIONSRefugees: Syrian (and future) refugees should be accepted based on successful navigation of the existing, very effective vetting system, not based on population caps, religious tests, or other irrelevant distinctions. The default response to refugees should be to accept them, with rejection only considered when background checks determine cause to reject. Employment and English language training should be available to them, as well as to everyone else in the country.Peace Corps: There should be a massive increase (perhaps 10x) in Peace Corps size and use. Charitable and reconstruction efforts across the globe should find Americans engaged in helping the world. Teaching and building schools; providing food, potable water, and medical care; constructing needed infrastructure; these aims and others provide many Americans an invaluable chance to do good in the world, and give people around the world a positive impression of Americans.Peacekeeping: The United States should master the art of peacekeeping. Some small portion of our military hardware/research budget could easily fund the necessary training, and we need not abandon any other military methodologies. Our military is the best in the world at many things, and another entry on that list can only be a good thing for America.Exchange Students: We should greatly expand our exchange student program, especially the part where American students study abroad. Not every American needs to know every foreign culture out there, but some Americans need to understand any given foreign culture in order to maximize the effectiveness of our diplomatic corps, US-based international companies, and other organizations. If even 0.1% of our student population studies abroad, our workforce will have a steady supply of such experts on various cultures and our negotiating position with the world will be greatly strengthened. Inter-state exchange students would also help more Americans see each others' perspectives. Creating internal cultural connections between north and south, between east and midwest and mountain west and west coast, between urban and suburban and rural, can only improve the unity of the American people.Foreign Policy: The United States should focus on spreading democracy and the free market to places where the population obviously desires those things (not indiscriminately everywhere), and should do far more to understand and respect local cultures, desires, and interests and to hold Americans accountable to reasonable foreign laws (here I'm thinking of Blackwater).War: The United States reserves the right to go to war unilaterally if we believe the cause is just, but more emphasis needs to be placed on choosing our battles wisely, getting congressional declarations of war, and building coalitions (including through NATO or the UN). We have a sovereign right to go to war, but we also have a profound, overwhelming duty to do so wisely or not at all.______________MISCELLANEOUSConspiracy Theorists: There should be a federal agency (perhaps the same or working in conjunction with the Science Advisory Agency mentioned in the Science bullet point) tasked with organizing and presenting public and declassified data that refutes conspiracy theories. There a need not be a direct debate with conspiracists, but the release of, say, uncensored records describing what was going on in Area 51 around the time of the Roswell crash would confront conspiracy theorists with the choice either to abandon their silliness or get even sillier. Either way, whether conspiracy theorists stop it or just become more easily dismissed, the rest of society is better off as a result.Military Composition: No income quintile (poor, lower middle class, middle class, upper middle class, rich) should provide less than 10% of total military servicemen sent into combat. This would refute claims that the poor are sent into battle in service of the rich, and would help create bonds between rich and poor that would help unite the country across income brackets. It might even make the American people less eager to go to war.Guns: The principle of a generally armed populous must be maintained, but solid, taxpayer-funded research on the relationship between guns (their ownership, storage, use, and regulation) and crime/public safety should manage the specifics of the regulation. As long as at least a strong majority (at least 60% or 70%) of American adults can legally own a firearm if they so choose, the 2nd Amendment is not infringed. Equal gun rights for minorities (eg, legally armed blacks not getting shot by police more often than legally armed whites) is perhaps more important than the specifics of gun regulation.__________________________________________Over 30 separate reforms... is there any political topic you'd like to hear me opine on that I failed to address? If so, please mention it in the comments.