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Yes, I have had electroshock therapy before.At the time my doctor felt that I was not responding well to antidepressant medication and urged me to let her try ETC.Naturally I was terrified at the thought of undergoing such a treatment.I’m sure it didn’t help that my college psychology professor had shown our class the movie One Flew Over The Cuckoo’s Nest.The depiction looked scary, cruel, painful and inhumane. It also appeared to be used as a punishment.I only agreed to it because I was desperate for some relief from my severe depression. I was on the verge of suicide.She had me admitted to the psych hospital so I could begin my treatments in an inpatient setting.The night before my first treatment I had to watch a long, detailed video about the process.I also had to read and sign dozens of legal releases, which acknowledged the possibility of harm or death.I knew they had to protect themselves from liability and the odds of serious harm were very low, but it still made me more anxious.The process went like this:I was awoken before 5am and taken to the ECT treatment room. I was placed on a gurney.They took my vital signs and inserted an intravenous line in my arm.I was attached to an EEG machine to measure my brain waves and seizure activity.They put a large, rubbery device in my mouth so I wouldn’t bite my tongue.The doctor administered a short acting barbiturate to induce deep sleep and a paralytic drug to prevent my body from convulsing or having painful muscle spasms. I was unconscious almost immediately.They then placed the electrodes on my head. I had unilateral ECT, meaning that the two electrodes were placed on the top of my head and on my right temple.The doctor switched on the electric current and sent between 180–460 volts into my brain. She administered the shock for up to 6 seconds.She observed the intensity and length of my seizures. A convulsion must last for at least 30–60 seconds to be considered effective.I came out of the anesthesia about 15–20 minutes later.I have no memory of anything for the rest of the day except for a very severe headache. I was given a Vicodin for the pain and taken back to my room to sleep.They gave me five treatments while I was in the hospital, doing them every other day.I recall nothing except being groggy and confused.Then I was discharged and received five more treatments on an outpatient basis. Ten initial sessions is pretty standard.Although I know that many people have an excellent response to shock therapy, my own personal experience was not good.It effectively wiped out my short term memory for the next six months and I still have some difficulty with it to this day.I can’t even say whether my depression was lessened afterwards, because I don’t remember!My family told me that they saw little, if any, difference in my mood however.I would not do it again after my experience, but many people do find it effective.The problem is that repeated sessions are almost always required as maintenance therapy.The amount of time in between varies for each individual.I hope this was helpful!

Short answerPain a few days after an intramuscular (IM) injection could mean it wasn't done properly. Question lacks the critical detail of injection site since there are four major sites of IM injection (see below from 1), and each has specific pros and cons, and different propensity for complications such as post-injection pain.It's the responsibility of the doctor who administered the injection to prescribe medications and/or other treatment to reduce post-injection pain.Longer answer below for those interested in learning about IM injections in general, and sources of and approaches to minimize post-injection pain.Brief Background On Intramuscular (IM) Injection TechniquesThere are two main techniques used in IM injections to try to ensure injection is deposited in the muscle, and that injected material stays locked in it and doesn't seep out into surrounding area along the needle track. They are the Z-track (see below from 2, 3) and air-lock techniques.In the air-lock technique (3), a small amount of air is drawn up into the syringe along with the medication, the skin is stretched flat between two fingers and held taut, needle is plunged in at a right angle, injection includes medication followed by air, needle is withdrawn and taut skin is released. Rationale is the air locks in the medication in the muscle, hence air-lock, preventing it from seeping out into surrounding tissue along the needle track.Possible Sources Of Pain After IM InjectionAspiration is when the injector pushes the needle in but pulls back the syringe plunger before injecting the medication, rationale being to see if blood appears in the syringe meaning a blood vessel got punctured, i.e., need to try again. However, problems with aspiration areNo scientific support (4).Can cause local tissue trauma and lingering pain (5, 6, 7, 8).Is frequently done far too quickly to even be effective (4).Isn't recommended by National Immunization Technical Advisory Committees (9).Inexperienced and/or unskilled injectors may end up injecting subcutaneously (SC) rather than IM, and cause undue local tissue trauma (10, 11).Wrong choice of needle length can also increase chance of SC rather than IM injection. This is because ratio of subcutaneous to muscle varies by gender, age and weight, being higher in women (12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17), older people and the obese (18, 19, 20, 21, 22). For example, a study infers a 12 to 25mm needle suffices for a thin person while a very obese person requires 76mm long needle for an IM injection (23).Wiping needle with alcohol before injecting tracks it through the subcutaneous layer, which can be painful (24).How To Minimize Pain After IM InjectionFor something that’s a mainstay of routine medicine, shocking really that few sufficiently large, carefully controlled studies have compared different sites and techniques for their capacity to minimize pain after IM injection (25).Consensus is slowly building that Ventrogluteal may cause less pain.It isn't close to large blood vessels, nerves, bone (1, 2, 10, 11, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29).Being covered by relatively less subcutaneous tissue (15, 30) is another advantage since this reduces chances of accidental subcutaneous delivery (2, 27, 28).However, there's still insufficient conclusive data supporting it over Dorsogluteal (22).OTOH, Dorsogluteal, though still much more commonly used compared to Ventrogluteal, has known risks such asSciatic nerve injury (26, 29).Proximity to major blood vessels.Increased thickness of subcutaneous tissue in this area compared to others (24), especially ventrogluteal (15, 30).Injection techniques: A couple of small controlled studies (n=90 females aged between 18 and 60 years of age, 31; n=60; 32) suggest the air-lock technique can reduce tissue trauma and pain from IM injections.Relaxed muscles can reduce injection site discomfort and pain (24). This means appropriately positioning the body, particularly the limbs, before IM injection. Studies (33, 34) suggestPlacing the hand on the hip relaxes the deltoid muscle.Internal rotation of the femur relaxes the gluteal muscles.No pain at initial point of needle contact on skin (24, 35). If there is pain, better to move needle 2 to 3mm at a time until reaching a painless point on the skin. Rationale is differential skin innervation, i.e., hitting upon a skin site with fewer or no pain receptors.A randomized study (n=100) showed that changing needle after drawing up the medication and before injecting can minimize pain by ensuring needle tip used for injection remains sharp and free of medicine residue (36).Briefly applying manual pressure to injection site before IM injection can minimize post-injection pain (6; n=48, 45 experimental and control, respectively, 37; n=74, one injection per arm, manual pressure randomly assigned, 38; n=63, 60 experimental and control, respectively, 39).Bibliography1. Ogston-Tuck, Sherri. "Intramuscular injection technique: an evidence-based approach." Nursing Standard 29.4 (2014): 52-59.2. Chadwick, Angelina, and Neil Withnell. "How to administer intramuscular injections." Nursing Standard 30.8 (2015): 36-39.3. Gabhann, L’am Mac. "A comparison of two depot injection techniques." Nursing Standard 12.37 (1998): 39-41.4. Ipp, Moshe, Jonathan Sam, and Patricia C. Parkin. "Needle aspiration and intramuscular vaccination." Archives of pediatrics & adolescent medicine 160.4 (2006): 451-451.5. Ipp, Moshe, et al. "Vaccine-related pain: randomised controlled trial of two injection techniques." Archives of disease in childhood 92.12 (2007): 1105-1108.6. Taddio, Anna, et al. "Physical interventions and injection techniques for reducing injection pain during routine childhood immunizations: systematic review of randomized controlled trials and quasi-randomized controlled trials." Clinical Therapeutics 31 (2009): S48-S76.7. Taddio, Anna, et al. "Reducing the pain of childhood vaccination: an evidence-based clinical practice guideline." Canadian Medical Association Journal 182.18 (2010): E843-E855. https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Vibhuti_Shah/publication/49629233_Reducing_the_pain_of_childhood_vaccination_An_evidence-based_clinical_practice_guideline/links/00b4952ba23b70b44b000000.pdf8. Davidson, Kathleen Marie, and Liam Rourke. "Teaching best-evidence: Deltoid intramuscular injection technique." Journal of Nursing Education and Practice 3.7 (2013): 120. http://www.sciedupress.com/journal/index.php/jnep/article/download/1888/12919. Cook, Ian F. "Best vaccination practice and medically attended injection site events following deltoid intramuscular injection." Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics 11.5 (2015): 1184-1191. https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/3293/a339f8a478088a267b2e51fa5d8b7d5d22ea.pdf10. Wynaden, Dianne, et al. "Establishing best practice guidelines for administration of intra muscular injections in the adult: a systematic review of the literature." Contemporary nurse 20.2 (2005): 267-277.11. Cocoman, A., and J. Murray. "Intramuscular injections: a review of best practice for mental health nurses." Journal of psychiatric and mental health nursing 15.5 (2008): 424-434.12. Haramati, Nogah, et al. "Injection granulomas. Intramuscle or intrafat?." Archives of family medicine 3.2 (1994): 146-148.13. Poland, Gregory A., et al. "Determination of deltoid fat pad thickness: implications for needle length in adult immunization." Jama 277.21 (1997): 1709-1711. https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Robert_Jacobson3/publication/14048621_Determination_of_deltoid_fat_pad_thickness_-_Implications_for_needle_length_in_adult_immunization/links/54baaa3a0cf253b50e2d04cd/Determination-of-deltoid-fat-pad-thickness-Implications-for-needle-length-in-adult-immunization.pdf14. Cook, I. F., M. Williamson, and D. Pond. "Definition of needle length required for intramuscular deltoid injection in elderly adults: an ultrasonographic study." Vaccine 24.7 (2006): 937-940.15. Chan, V. O., et al. "Intramuscular injections into the buttocks: are they truly intramuscular?." European journal of radiology 58.3 (2006): 480-484.16. Burbridge, Brent E. "Computed tomographic measurement of gluteal subcutaneous fat thickness in reference to failure of gluteal intramuscular injections." Canadian Association of Radiologists Journal 58.2 (2007): 72. https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Brent_Burbridge/publication/6311864_Computed_Tomographic_Measurement_of_Gluteal_Subcutaneous_Fat_Thickness_in_Reference_to_Failure_of_Gluteal_Intramuscular_Injections/links/0c960524303b060c3f000000/Computed-Tomographic-Measurement-of-Gluteal-Subcutaneous-Fat-Thickness-in-Reference-to-Failure-of-Gluteal-Intramuscular-Injections.pdf17. Shankar, Nachiket, et al. "Influence of skin-to-muscle and muscle-to-bone thickness on depth of needle penetration in adults at the deltoid intramuscular injection site." medical journal armed forces india 70.4 (2014): 338-343. http://medind.nic.in/maa/t14/i4/maat14i4p338.pdf18. Greenway, Kathleen. "Using the ventrogluteal site for intramuscular injection." Nursing Standard 18.25 (2004): 39-42. https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Kathleen_Greenway/publication/272698595_Using_the_ventrogluteal_site_for_intramuscular_injections/links/57e2559808aed96fbbb241e1.pdf19. Nisbet, Andrew Charles. "Intramuscular gluteal injections in the increasingly obese population: retrospective study." Bmj 332.7542 (2006): 637-638. http://www.bmj.com/content/bmj/332/7542/637.full.pdf20. Zaybak, Ayten, et al. "Does obesity prevent the needle from reaching muscle in intramuscular injections?." Journal of advanced nursing 58.6 (2007): 552-556.21. Sakamaki, Sakiko, et al. "The relationship between body mass index, thickness of subcutaneous fat, and the gluteus muscle as the intramuscular injection site." Health 2013 (2013). http://file.scirp.org/pdf/Health_2013091314472062.pdf22. Brown, Joe, Mark Gillespie, and Simon Chard. "The dorso–ventro debate: in search of empirical evidence." British Journal of Nursing 24.22 (2015): 1132-1139. https://www.guidelines.ch/file/get/p/612/f/brown-2015-bjn-24-22-thedorso-ventrodebate-im.pdf23. Kaya, Nurten, et al. "The reliability of site determination methods in ventrogluteal area injection: A cross-sectional study." International journal of nursing studies 52.1 (2015): 355-360. https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Nurten_Kaya/publication/263894147_The_reliability_of_site_determination_methods_in_ventrogluteal_area_injection_A_cross-sectional_study/links/547f77c60cf250f1edbdc6e8/The-reliability-of-site-determination-methods-in-ventrogluteal-area-injection-A-cross-sectional-study.pdf24. Nicoll, Leslie H., and Amy Hesby. "Intramuscular injection: an integrative research review and guideline for evidence-based practice." Applied Nursing Research 15.3 (2002): 149-162. http://lms.westernhealth.nl.ca/shared-upload/medlearn-course-files/IM%20injection%20best%20practice.pdf25. Malkin, Bridget. "Are techniques used for intramuscular injection based on research evidence." Nursing times 104.50/51 (2008): 48-51. https://www.choiceforum.org/docs/imi.pdf26. Small, Sandra P. "Preventing sciatic nerve injury from intramuscular injections: literature review." Journal of advanced nursing 47.3 (2004): 287-296.27. Ferreira Oliveira, Laura, et al. "Ventrogluteal region, an alternative location to apply benzathine penicillin." Revista Eletronica de Enfermagem 17.4 (2015). https://www.fen.ufg.br/revista/v17/n4/pdf/v17n4a02-en.pdf28. Coskun, Halise, Cenk Kilic, and Cicek Senture. "The evaluation of dorsogluteal and ventrogluteal injection sites: a cadaver study." Journal of clinical nursing (2016).29. Mishra, P., and M. D. Stringer. "Sciatic nerve injury from intramuscular injection: a persistent and global problem." International journal of clinical practice 64.11 (2010): 1573-1579.30. Beecroft, P. C., and S. A. Redick. "Clarification of ventrogluteal site." Pediatric nursing 16.4 (1989): 396-396.31. Najafidolatabad, Shahla, Janmohamad Malekzadeh, and Zinat Mohebbinovbandegani. "Comparison of the pain severity, drug leakage and ecchymosis rates caused by the application on tramadol intramuscular injection in Z-track and Air-lock techniques." Investigación y Educación en Enfermería 28.2 (2010): 24-33. https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Janmohamad_Malekzadeh/publication/45842336_Comparasion_of_the_pain_severity_drug_leakage_and_ecchymosis_rates_caused_by_the_application_on_tramadol_intramuscular_injection_in_Z-track_and_Air-techniques/links/5520abb70cf2a2d9e1434cf4.pdf32. Yilmaz, Dilek K., et al. "The effect of air-lock technique on pain at the site of intramuscular injection." Saudi medical journal 37.3 (2016): 304. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4800896/pdf/SaudiMedJ-37-304.pdf33. Kruszwski, Ann Z., Susan Havens Lang, and Jean E. Johnson. "Effect of positioning on discomfort from intramuscular injections in the dorsogluteal site." Nursing Research 28.2 (1979): 103-105.34. Rettig, Frannie M., and Janet R. Southby. "Using different body positions to reduce discomfort from dorsogluteal injection." Nursing Research 31.4 (1982): 219-221.35. Jablecki, C. K. "Alternative technique for medication injections." Nursing research 49.5 (2000): 244.36. Ağaç, Emine, and Ülkü Yapucu Güneş. "Effect on pain of changing the needle prior to administering medicine intramuscularly: a randomized controlled trial." Journal of advanced nursing 67.3 (2011): 563-568. http://www.hadassah.org.il/media/2441577/2011Changeofneedlesandpain1.pdf37. Barnhill, Barbara J., et al. "Using pressure to decrease the pain of intramuscular injections." Journal of pain and symptom management 12.1 (1996): 52-58.38. Chung, Joanne WY, Winnie MY Ng, and Thomas KS Wong. "An experimental study on the use of manual pressure to reduce pain in intramuscular injections." Journal of clinical nursing 11.4 (2002): 457-461.39. Öztürk, Deniz, et al. "The effect of the application of manual pressure before the administration of intramuscular injections on students' perceptions of postinjection pain: a semi‐experimental study." Journal of Clinical Nursing (2016).Thanks for the R2A, Ragas Oar.

Misinformation.When Plan B was first introduced medical professionals were not entirely sure of its potential function.They knew of course that the hormonal birth control would stop the egg from being released and therefore fertilized by sperm.What they did wonder, is whether it would also affect the uterine lining. In this case, if an egg did get released and fertilized it would be unable to successfully implant in the uterus because the lining would be inhospitable.They were not sure of course that this would happen, they just mused that it could be a possibility given how hormones can affect uterine lining.Now, medically we don’t consider someone ‘pregnant’ until the fertilized egg has implanted in the uterus and can begin the process of growing. If it doesn’t implant, if it fails to make it to the uterus or if it implants outside of the uterus it’s a spontaneous abortion, the majority of which are natural and happen without the woman even knowing.However, for some very specific religious people, they believe that the soul goes into that zygote the moment of fertilization (despite the Bible actually saying that the soul enters upon first breath but that’s none of my business…). And because of that, they made the grave error of putting a warning label on the hormonal contraceptive stating that in very rare cases, it may be possible that an egg is fertilized but is prevented from implantation due to changes in the uterine lining.And that was all it took. Fundamentalist, religious and pro-life organizations began peddling the idea that all forms of hormonal birth control cause abortion. Now, of course, *if* this process was even possible at all, it would be so rare and so uncommon that the vast majority of women on these contraceptives would never experience it. Not only would there have to be a fluke whereby the hormonal contraception allowed the release of an egg, but then the sperm would have to successfully fertilize the egg and then the egg would have to successfully travel to the uterus and then the lining of the uterus would have to have been changed so much the egg could not implant. A very unlikely occurrence, to say the least.But of course, that does not matter because in the teeny tiny chance that it does, it is an abortion in their mind.Now later on, they did follow-up studies to test if this was actually a function of multiple types of hormonal birth control. And what they found, was that, no, an egg is not released and if it were, it would not be prevented from implanting.Unfortunately, that just led to the development of a vast conspiracy theory. Under this conspiracy theory, these researchers are fabricating these studies. They know that the hormonal birth control does prevent implantation and that is why they put it on the warning label. They are lying by claiming that research has demonstrated otherwise but in reality, that is why the FDA didn’t immediately update the labels after the research was examined.Now of course the reason they didn’t update the labels is because it would cost several billion dollars, would be pointless and because the research demonstrating that this does not occur is known and available. But because they didn’t get to changing the labels right away a conspiracy theory was born.With just a little logic, this theory makes zero sense whatsoever. For this theory to be true, researchers would feel the need to accurately label their product but would not be daunted at all by conspiring to fabricate and publish phony research. They also would not be daunted by telling the public that the warning label is outdated and incorrect.The conspiracy became watered down and statements were made claiming that ‘hormonal birth control is abortion’ in general, not even really keeping true to the original product, Plan B, that they were concerned about in the first place. This of course strips the context away from the claim and leads to several untrue perceptions:That the ‘abortion’ being caused is in line with what the majority of people consider to be an abortion. Considering that this form of ‘abortion’ happens before we would even declare someone pregnant, it’s likely that only a portion of pro-life people would consider changes in the uterine lining to actually be an ‘abortion’ rather than just, a circumstance that occurs when you mess with your hormones a bit.That the main function of hormonal contraception is to cause abortion, rather than it being something that could happen by fluke in very rare casesThey also try to base very misleading laws around this claim in order to subtly make birth control illegal.American voters decisively rejected ballot measures in two states that sought to define human personhood—with all its attendant legal rights—as starting at fertilization.This “personhood” agenda seeks not just to ban abortion, but some common Food and Drug Administration (FDA)–approved contraceptive methods as well, because personhood proponents assert that these methods work by preventing implantation of a fertilized egg.They are framing this as a pro-life policy, it’s really more of an anti-contraception policy.The science was presented before the Supreme Court clearly showing that these are nothing more than lies that are being made up about how birth control works.The amicus brief describes the most up-to-date evidence about how hormonal and copper IUDs and the emergency contraceptives Plan B and ella work, and documents that none have been shown to disrupt an existing pregnancy—meaning that none can accurately be called an abortifacient. Rather, both Plan B and ella work primarily by preventing ovulationThere is only one type of birth control that contains the possibility of disrupting implantation and funny enough, it’s one of the leading non-hormonal forms of contraception, the copper IUD. In addition, this occurs when the copper IUD is used as emergency contraception.Both the hormonal and copper IUDs work primarily by preventing sperm from reaching and fertilizing an egg. Of all these methods, only the copper IUD, when used as an emergency contraceptive, appears capable of preventing implantation of a fertilized egg. However, even then it would not be considered an abortion under standard medical and legal definitions.So these pro-life advocates would logically, only be able to not support a single form of contraception and not even a hormonal one at that. But, really they should only be opposing it when used as emergency contraception after unprotected sex.The medical groups’ amicus brief illustrates this approach by highlighting the anticontraception movement’s reliance on outdated FDA product labels to implicate Plan B. While the label states that Plan B “may inhibit implantation (by altering the endometrium),” the brief notes that this “label has not been updated since the product was originally approved in 1999 and it does not reflect the most current research.” Rather, “later studies have led to the conclusion that [Plan B] does not cause changes to the endometrium (uterine lining) that would hamper implantation.”Contraception Is Not Abortion: The Strategic Campaign of Antiabortion Groups to Persuade the Public OtherwiseIt’s just based on misinformation and a bad conspiracy theory and a very, very limited and restrictive definition of abortion that flies in the face of what standard medical practice defines ‘pregnancy’ and ‘abortion’ as.Essentially these individuals are convinced that personhood rights should be given the moment of fertilization and that in the case the uterine lining is altered by the hormones it means an abortion has occurred.As other people said, there also seems to be an idea that women having sex for pleasure is a bad thing and that pregnancy is a punishment that women should have to bear for being so sinful.For much of history, women were very inhibited in their lives and their freedom by having little to no control over when they had sex and when they got pregnant. With the advent of birth control women’s rights have soared and women are now able to engage in things like family planning, working in a career and having sex without the fear of pregnancy.Some people, it seems, feel that women are escaping a duty or a consequence that they are supposed to bear for having sex.I think that the solution to all of this is going to be the male birth control pill and vasalgel, which is a long-acting, reversible form of birth control for men.Because men cannot get pregnant, there cannot be an argument that these contraceptives cause abortion.Vasalgel home - Parsemus FoundationMale Contraception Initiative - Non-Profit OrganizationMale Birth Control Shot That Actually Works | BirthControl.comMale birth control pill one step closer to reality, researchers say