Guided Reading Activity The Civil Rights Movement: Fill & Download for Free

I’m sure there are many plans, some more resembling plots or schemes.The Republican Party is a house divided against itself at present. Lifelong Republicans have been actively campaigning against the incumbent Republican President and his re-election. No former Republican President or nominee has endorsed the current Republican President, they’ve almost all indicated that they aren’t voting for him and many have hinted that they will vote for the Democratic nominee this time around.Republicans with any degree of remaining ethical backbone, more integrity and intellectual honesty are voting for the Democratic Party. Many have rescinded their Republican Party registrations and are Independent. Some have registered Democratic.Many of those former Republicans will never go back. Once you leave the tribe, it’s easier to see it clearly. From within the party, prior to 2016, it was still possible to squint and see it as the Grand Old Party. It was deluded, but reasonable. However, from the outside looking back in, its six decades of rot are more obvious.I tend to peg the beginning of what turned out to be an actual slippery slope, not just a warning metaphor, to 1956. That’s the year that the Republicans, once staunch defenders of the separation of church and state, changed the motto and the currency of the land, replacing “e pluribus unum” with “In God We Trust”.The 1960s saw another radical departure from their roots. Lincoln emancipated the slaves and won the Civil War, a Republican President doing what was right in a major civil rights advance. But in the 1960s when the Civil Rights movement was under way and the Democratic Party was denouncing and making amends for its racist past, the Republicans chose to embrace the racists with their Southern Strategy. Most non-racist Republicans inside the tribe could ignore that.But the 1970s saw another devolution. Republican politicians had voted 76% for enfranchisement of women, but 50 years later they rejected the Equal Rights Amendment. Once again, non-misogynistic members of the Republican tribe could ignore this, but the ranks of the tribe swelled with people who thought a woman’s place was in the home.The Republican fall from grace as the party of separation of church and state advanced substantially in the 1980s, with Reagan’s pact with the Moral Majority. This too swelled their ranks with people who didn’t want women and other minorities to have equal rights, misogynists and homophobes. This too was easily ignored by tribal members who liked Reagan personally, and he was likeable. But his voodoo economics broke the spine of fiscal rigor that the Republicans once had had. The party of balancing budgets became the party of tax cuts for the rich. But the Berlin Wall fell, in large part due to strategies that long preceded Reagan, yet on his watch and with his symbolic gestures such as his speech at the Brandenburg Gate to Gorbachev. It was possible to be merely uneasy or even at peace with the increasingly religious fervor demanded of Republicans in the face of the fall of the Soviet empire.The 1990s saw the loss of valuing of the Fourth Estate. Fox News was formed as an inverse Pravda, a private-sector booster for the Republicans and policies which favored the rich. Where it led was obvious, but the road to hell is wide and smooth, and so the Republicans walked down it. This seemed innocuous to many within the tribe, a mere counterbalance to CNN, something more aligned to the concerns of conservatives specifically. What could be the harm?At one point, the Republicans were the great conservers of nature. They formed the national parks system. They founded the EPA. They ended acid rain and filled in the hole in the ozone layer. But climate change was another betrayal of their core values. Instead of leaning into the science and doing the hard things necessary to fight this global problem, they accepted the fossil fuel and oligarch money to become the party of denial and delay, something easy to do when their base was already full of Young Earth Creationists and other anti-scientific types. And so in the 2000s Bush exited the Kyoto Protocol and the past 20 years have seen climate change denial and delay as a staple of Republican policy.And yet another betrayal of their past. The Republicans fought polio to its knees and were instrumental to making the USA’s longevity and low infant mortality rates the envy of the world. But in the 2010s, at the federal and state level they became more the party of anti-vaxxers than not. Trump’s tweets, White House officials, five Republican gubernatorial candidates in 2018 and Oregon Republican state representatives were beating the anti-vaxx drum, and their tribe has heard them.Trump’s ascendance wasn’t an aberration. He wasn’t part of the tribe. He simply leaned into what the once Grand Old Party had become. It was a mighty oak, hollowed out from the inside by rot, fungus and insects, racism, misogyny and willful ignorance. He simply fanned the flames of hatred to ride into the White House.And so the Republicans who have left the party will find it difficult to return. It’s not the party that they thought it was. The ones who remained in the party, fighting against its failure, people like Mitt Romney, still haven’t realized how deep the rot goes. Republican strategists like Stuart Stevens, in his book “It Was All a Lie: How the Republican Party Became Donald Trump”, lays out some of the tawdry history of the past 60 years, but it’s still difficult for him to accept that he spent his entire adult life in the service of an increasingly adrift party.David Frum left the party in the late 2000s over the Affordable Care Act, as he laid out in his vastly read post Waterloo. He’s accepted gay marriage since and voted for Clinton in 2016, and will vote for Biden in 2020.After the stunning defeat Obama handed them, Republicans asked themselves what had gone wrong. The report is interesting reading. It ignores virtually everything I’ve listed here, considering it inconsequential. Instead, it leans on demographic change, the rise of Hispanics as a major political force and bemoans the lack of Blacks voting for Republican candidates. Its recommended solutions are trite, mostly about messaging and outreach programs. By not understanding the causes, they failed to address the sickness, instead offering bandages. And then the Republican Party didn’t even apply the bandages, with Donald Trump throwing the box away entirely.What plan could they have as they stand in the smoking remnants of the once great oak tree, its branches and trunk splintered, its roots laid bare? The fungus, rot and insects are all that are left.The party of fiscal good management is now the party of massive debt and deficits and tax cuts for the rich. The party of environmental conservation is now the party of environmental desecration. The party of emancipation of the slaves is now the party of racists. The party of equal rights for women is now the party of misogyny.The voters remaining in the Republican Party voting for Donald Trump are more the fungus, rot and insects than the good solid wood of the oak.I refer to this graphic, done by the New York Times from data from the EU’s Manifesto project, regularly. It shows that the Democratic Party has returned to being a barely center-left party by global standards, one which accepts rights and reality, one which addresses the actual needs, one based on global leading practices for the greatest good for the greatest number.It also shows that there is enormous room for the Republican Party to swing to center-right again. At present, their policies are out among fringe right-wing parties by the rest of the world’s standard. Their rejection of climate change alone is anathema to the rest of the world.The remaining good oak wood and people who have left the party could form the core of a 21st Century Republican Party, one that once again embraces the glories of its past and abjures the fungus, rot and insects. The tribe remains strong enough that the vast majority of Republican voters would still vote for them. There is the potential. One of the federal political leaders who accepts climate change and has been part of the bi-partisan Climate Solutions Caucus could take the party back. They could return the party to being what it pretends it still is.But the road to hell is wide and smooth. And there are many Republican politicians who want to guide the Republican Party further down it. Matt Gaetz and Tom Cotton are current political leaders in the party who want to actively help the party slide further down that slippery slope. Tucker Carlson, fact- and morality-free Fox personality, is actively being touted as a Presidential candidate. They love the fungus and rot and insects. They know that they can gain power and influence and money by pandering to them. It’s worked so far, so why would they stop?But if they do, the Republican base will shrink further. This 20 year trend of more people voting Democratic and fewer voting Republican will just continue unabated. Republican leaders leaning on the fungus and rot and insects will be big fish in a shrinking pond. They’ll do just fine. Their personal needs will be well attended to.But the USA will not be well served. The people of the USA will not be well served. And the fungus and rot and insects’ needs will not be well served either. They will vote themselves bread and circuses, they will vote for hatred, they will vote for destruction of civil society that they benefit from. They are too stupid and ignorant to realize it, but they are harming themselves.And the world would not be well served. Despite the challenges of the pandemic this year, it is a blip compared to climate change, the real major global issue of the 21st Century. The world needs a USA not riven by domestic issues, one with two major parties accepting reality and arguing about best actions. The world needs a USA with both conservative and progressive voices advancing policies and debating them. The world needs a healthy USA, not one fighting with fungus and rot and insects.With luck, a Blue tsunami will sweep the Republicans out of power entirely for eight years. They need an extended time in the wilderness after a near-death experience to give them the will to transform to be better. To be once again the Grand Old Party.I wish them well. And to that end, I wish for a Blue tsunami.

Tremendously. Folk singers of the time told stories with their music. This will be a long post, but the subject matter is so worth your time! This isn’t over. America has advanced quite a bit on civil rights, but we still have a long way to go. ALWAYS-listen to the lyrics. They teach us, they give us release to cry and also to gain strength to continue fighting.Bob Dylan wrote “Only A Pawn in Their Game” which was a tribute to Medgar Evers.Lyrics: A bullet from the back of a bush took Medgar Evers’ bloodA finger fired the trigger to his nameA handle hid out in the darkA hand set the sparkTwo eyes took the aimBehind a man’s brainBut he can’t be blamedHe’s only a pawn in their gameA South politician preaches to the poor white man“You got more than the blacks, don’t complain.You’re better than them, you been born with white skin,” they explain.And the Negro’s nameIs used it is plainFor the politician’s gainAs he rises to fameAnd the poor white remainsOn the caboose of the trainBut it ain’t him to blameHe’s only a pawn in their gameThe deputy sheriffs, the soldiers, the governors get paidAnd the marshals and cops get the sameBut the poor white man’s used in the hands of them all like a toolHe’s taught in his schoolFrom the start by the ruleThat the laws are with himTo protect his white skinTo keep up his hateSo he never thinks straight’Bout the shape that he’s inBut it ain’t him to blameHe’s only a pawn in their gameFrom the poverty shacks, he looks from the cracks to the tracksAnd the hoofbeats pound in his brainAnd he’s taught how to walk in a packShoot in the backWith his fist in a clinchTo hang and to lynchTo hide ’neath the hoodTo kill with no painLike a dog on a chainHe ain’t got no nameBut it ain’t him to blameHe’s only a pawn in their game.Today, Medgar Evers was buried from the bullet he caughtThey lowered him down as a kingBut when the shadowy sun sets on the oneThat fired the gunHe’ll see by his graveOn the stone that remainsCarved next to his nameHis epitaph plain:Only a pawn in their gameCopyright © 1963, 1964 by Warner Bros. IncThat’s powerful and it went to a demographic full of energy and ready to demand justice. It went out to black people as a statement and with hope that civil rights injustices would very soon be corrected. It went out to young people who were growing into those who would soon lead our country. A group that might not watch or read as much news as the older generation. If the ideas put forth in that song don’t bother a person, there’s something seriously wrong with their judgment and morality. Dylan sang it at the March on Washington on August 28, 1963. If you want to see what effect that music initially has:Following the first song, Dylan sings with Joan Baez. And no, these and other people haven’t quit supporting the movement. Just an aside here- I found it interesting. At 3:53 in this video you can spot just a glimpse of Bernie Sanders behind Dylan’s right shoulder. Here’s another bigger picture:Medgar Evers Lullaby by Judy Collins This breaks my heart. I know I’m far from alone in that. The lyrics in all of the songs I’ll post were part of the movement. They hurt people and angered people, as well they should have! Until someone tells the story to a large audience, and people communicate and act, change doesn’t come.The Vietnam Vet Who Wrote Folk Songs for the Civil Rights Movement One of the most painful losses for Herb was Viola Liuzzo, who was killed shortly after the successful March 1965, march from Selma, Alabama, to the Capitol in Montgomery. "When we heard this news, my wife and I broke down in tears," Herb says. “During March 25, 1965, after several previous attempts, the march from Selma to Montgomery commenced on a rainy day. Following the march, those with cars were left the task of ferrying marchers back to Selma. One of the persons ferrying marchers was Viola Liuzzo. On a return trip on a lonely dark road, a group of KKK Klansmen pulled along side Viola’s car and unloaded their weapons, killing Viola instantly, and almost killed her guide, Leroy Moton, a 19-year-old African American.This song “Lie Down Young Woman (Viola Liuzzo’s Song)” was written by Herb Metoyer and recorded on his album “Something New” released by MGM’s Verve/folkway’s label.Did you know that Viola is the only female to lose her life on behalf of the civil rights struggle???”You cannot stop. You cannot give up. Rest when you must, but we must all keep talking, keep working until we have equality in America.The next video was filmed in 2014 in the White House with students from all over America. Music That Inspired the Civil Rights Movement - Student Workshop at the White House Published on Jan 14, 2014-It’s 57 min longHigh school students from across the country participate in a workshop to learn about how music influenced the Civil Rights Movement. A number of entertainers participate, including John Legend, Smokey Robinson, John Mellencamp, Dr. Bernice Johnson Reagon and Toshi Reagon."In Performance at the White House: A Celebration of Music from the Civil Rights Movement" is a concert hosted by President and Mrs. Obama featuring songs from the Civil Rights Movement as well as readings from famous Civil Rights speeches and writings with participants including Bob Dylan, Jennifer Hudson, Smokey Robinson, Robert De Niro, Morgan Freeman and more.The White House also hosted a "Music that Inspired the Movement" workshop for high school students from across the country. Robert Santelli, the executive director of The GRAMMY Museum, and Smokey Robinson, the legendary Motown singer facilitated the workshop with performances by Dr. Bernice Johnson Reagon, one of the original Freedom Singers in the 1960s who traveled around the country carrying stories in song of local Civil Rights Movement campaigns to national audiences."Can't Turn Me 'Round" (Civil Rights Song) performed by The RootsNext is a concert at Carnegie Hall by Pete Seeger who was an active worker in the movement. Most of the songs are in support of the movement. There are a couple that are a statement on morality in our culture (Norma Jean, Davey Moore) and Tshotsholosa (Shosholoza) (South African freedom song) About Guantanamera by Pete Seeger Songfacts :Songlist for the Seeger concert:01. If You Miss Me At The Back Of The Bus - 0:0002. Keep Your Eyes On The Prize - 2:1103. I Ain't Scared Of You Jail - 4:1704. Oh Freedom - 5:5505. That's What I Learned In School - 9:1106. Little Boxes - 10:5507. Who Killed Norma Jean - 12:5408. Who Killed Davey Moore - 15:1709. A Hard Rain's A - Gonna Fall - 17:4010. Mail Myself To You - 23:2011. Guantanamera - 24:3812. Tshotsholosa - 29:2013. We Shall Overcome - 30:52We Shall Overcome Workers in Selma at Mass for Jimmie Lee Jackson

This answer may contain sensitive images. Click on an image to unblur it.They ARE now, and have always been, terrorists by definition:terrorism/ˈtɛrəˌrɪzəm/noun1.systematic use of violence and intimidation to achieve some goal2.the act of terrorizing3.the state of being terrorizedThey have been declared as such historically. It is just NOT enforced because they are white. They were FORMED to be terrorists, and they continue to be TERRORISTS today.Ku Klux Klan: A History of RacismPrefaceThis is a history of hate in America — not the natural discord that characterizes a democracy, but the wild, irrational, killing hate that has led men and women throughout our history to extremes of violence against others simply because of their race, nationality, religion or lifestyle.Since 1865, the Ku Klux Klan has provided a vehicle for this kind of hatred in America, and its members have been responsible for atrocities that are difficult for most people to even imagine. Today, while the traditional Klan has declined, there are many other groups which go by a variety of names and symbols and are at least as dangerous as the KKK.Some of them are teenagers who shave their heads and wear swastika tattoos and call themselves Skinheads; some of them are young men who wear camouflage fatigues and practice guerrilla warfare tactics; some of them are conservatively dressed professionals who publish journals filled with their bizarre beliefs — ideas which range from denying that the Nazi Holocaust ever happened to the contention that the U.S. federal government is an illegal body and that all governing power should rest with county sheriffs.Despite their peculiarities, they all share the deep-seated hatred and resentment that has given life to the Klan and terrorized minorities and Jews in this country for more than a century.The Klan itself has had three periods of significant strength in American history — in the late 19th century, in the 1920s, and during the 1950s and early 1960s when the civil rights movement was at its height. The Klan had resurgence again in the 1970s, but did not reach its past level of influence. Since then, the Klan has become just one element in a much broader spectrum of white supremacist activity.It’s important to understand, however, that violent prejudice is not limited to the Ku Klux Klan or any other white supremacist organization. Every year, murders, arsons, bombings and assaults are committed by people who have no ties to an organized group, but who share their extreme hatred. I learned the importance of history at an early age — my father, the late Horace Mann Bond, taught at several black colleges and universities. He showed me that knowing the past is critical to making sense of the present. The historical essays in this magazine explain the roots of racism and prejudice which sustain the Ku Klux Klan.As a young civil rights activist working alongside John Lewis, Andrew Young, the late Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr., and many others, I saw the Ku Klux Klan as an all-too visible power in many of the places we went to organize voter registration and protest segregation.We knew what the Klan was, and often we had a pretty good idea of who its members were. We also knew what Klansmen would do to us if they could get away with it.For many years the KKK quite literally could get away with murder. The Ku Klux Klan was an instrument of fear, and black people, Jews and even white civil rights workers knew that the fear was intended to control us, to keep things as they had been in the South through slavery, and after that ended, through Jim Crow. This fear of the Klan was very real because, for a long time, the Klan had the power of Southern society on its side.But in time that changed. It is a tribute to our laws that the Klan gradually was unmasked and its illegal activities checked.Now, of course, I turn on my television set and see people in Klan robes or military uniforms again handing out hate literature on the town square. I read in my newspaper of crosses again burned in folks’ yards, and it seems as if we are back in the Sixties.Some say the Klan today should just be ignored. Frankly, I’d like to do that. I’m tired of wasting my time on the KKK. I have better things to do.But history won’t let me ignore current events. Those who would use violence to deny others their rights can’t be ignored. The law must be exercised to stay strong. And even racists can learn to respect the law.That’s why this special report was prepared — to show the background of the KKK and its battle with the law, and to point out the current reasons why hate groups can’t be ignored. This hate society was America’s first terrorist organization. As we prepare for the 21st century, we need to prepare for the continued presence of the Klan. Unfortunately, malice and bigotry aren’t limited by dates on a calendar.This report was produced by the Southern Poverty Law center’s Klanwatch Project. The SPLC is a private, nonprofit, public interest organization located in Montgomery, Alabama. It established Klanwatch in 1981 to monitor white supremacist activities throughout the United States. Together, SPLC attorneys and Klanwatch investigators have won a number of major legal battles against Klan members for crimes they committed.This is not a pretty part of American history — some of the things you read here will make you angry or ashamed; some will turn your stomach. But it is important that we try to understand the villains as well as the heroes in our midst, if we are to continue building a nation where equality and democracy are preserved.Two early members of the Ku Klux Klan are pictured in their disguises.Part One The Terror is BornThe bare facts about the birth of the Ku Klux Klan and its revival half a century later are baffling to most people today. Little more than a year after it was founded, the secret society thundered across the war-torn South, sabotaging Reconstruction governments and imposing a reign of terror and violence that lasted three or four years. And then as rapidly as it had spread, the Klan faded into the history books. After World War I, a new version of the Klan sputtered to life and within a few years brought many parts of the nation under its paralyzing grip of racism and bloodshed. Then, having grown to be a major force for the second time, the Klan again receded into the background. This time it never quite disappeared, but it never again commanded such widespread support.Today, it seems incredible that an organization so violent, so opposed to the American principles of justice and equality, could twice in the nation’s history have held such power. How did the Ku Klux Klan — one of the nation’s first terrorist groups — so instantly seize the South in the aftermath of the Civil War? Why did it so quickly vanish? How could it have risen so rapidly to power in the 1920s and then so rapidly have lost that power? And why is this ghost of the Civil War still haunting America today with hatred, violence and sometimes death for its enemies and its own members?From HISTORY | Watch Full Episodes of Your Favorite Shows1865KKK foundedCITEIn Pulaski, Tennessee, a group of Confederate veterans convenes to form a secret society that they christen the “Ku Klux Klan.” The KKK rapidly grew from a secret social fraternity to a paramilitary force bent on reversing the federal government’s progressive Reconstruction Era-activities in the South, especially policies that elevated the rights of the local African American population.The name of the Ku Klux Klan was derived from the Greek word kyklos, meaning “circle,” and the Scottish-Gaelic word “clan,” which was probably chosen for the sake of alliteration. Under a platform of philosophized white racial superiority, the group employed violence as a means of pushing back Reconstruction and its enfranchisement of African Americans. Former Confederate General Nathan Bedford Forrest was the KKK’s first grand wizard; in 1869, he unsuccessfully tried to disband it after he grew critical of the Klan’s excessive violence.Most prominent in counties where the races were relatively balanced, the KKK engaged in terrorist raids against African Americans and white Republicans at night, employing intimidation, destruction of property, assault, and murder to achieve its aims and influence upcoming elections. In a few Southern states, Republicans organized militia units to break up the Klan. In 1871, the Ku Klux Act passed Congress, authorizing President Ulysses S. Grant to use military force to suppress the KKK. The Ku Klux Act resulted in nine South Carolina counties being placed under martial law and thousands of arrests. In 1882, the U.S. Supreme Court declared the Ku Klux Act unconstitutional, but by that time Reconstruction had ended and the KKK had faded away.The 20th century witnessed two revivals of the KKK: one in response to immigration in the 1910s and ’20s, and another in response to the African American civil rights movement of the 1950s and ’60s.More: Ku Klux Klan in the Twentieth CenturyAnd if you have ANY doubts that they have always been a terrorist group, read 100 Years of Lynchings!AND:Taken from the Klan Charter of 1915. And you can read the entire thing here, which is long and reflects the organization’s organized madness, of which this is part:KU KLUX KREED.   (Original Creed Revised)  We, the Order of the Knights of the Ku  Klux Klan, reverentially acknowledge the  majesty and supremacy of Almighty God and  recognize His goodness and providence  through Jesus Christ our Lord.   Recognizing- our relation to the government  of the United States of America, the Su-  premacy of its Constitution, the Union of  States thereunder, and the Constitutional  Laws thereof, we. shall ever be devoted to the  sublime principles of a pure Americanism, and  valiant in the defense of its ideals and insti-  tutions. \^   We avow the distinction between the races  of mankind ^.s decreed by the Creator, and  we shall ever Tfc>e<true to the maintenance of  White Supremacy and strenuously oppose any  compromise thereof. \   We appreciate the value of practical, fra-  ternal relationship among men of kindred  thought, purpose and ideals and the infinite  benefits accruing therefrom; we shall faith-  fully devote ourselves to the practice of an  honorable clannishness that the life of each  may be a constant blessing to others. OBJECTS A&D PURPOSES,^   Section 1. The objects of this Order shall  be to unite "white male persons, native-born  Gentile citizens of the United States of Amer-  ica, who owe no allegiance of any nature or  degree to any foreign government, nation, in-  stitution, sect, ruler, person or people; whose  morals are good; whose reputations and voca-  tions are respectable; whose habits are ex-  emplary; who are of sound minds and eighteen  years or more of age, under a common oath  into a brotherhood of strict regulations; to  cultivate and promote patriotism toward our  Civil Government; to practice an honorable  clannishness toward each other; to ex-  emplify a practical benevolence; to shield  the sanctity of the home and the  chastity of womanhood; to maintain for-  ever white supremacy, to teach and faithfully  inculcate a high spiritual philosophy through  an exalted ritualism, and by a practical devo-  tion to conserve, protect and maintain the  distinctive institutions, rights, privileges, prin-  ciples, traditions and ideals of a pure Ameri-  canism.   KU KLUX KALENDAR, KU KLUX   KULLORS, ETC.   Article XXL . .   Section 1. Hereafter the calender of this  Order, by which days, weeks, months and years  shall be designated in all official documents,  is as follows:     Days —   7. Desperate   6. Dreadful   5- Desolate   4. Doleful   3. Dismal   2. Deadly   1. Dark     Weeks —   5. Weird  4. Wonderful  3. Wailing  2. Weeping  1, Woeful     1 * *     Months —   12. Appalling  11. Frightful  10. Sorrowful  9. Mournful  8. Horrible  7. Terrible  6. Alarming  5. Furious  4. Fearful  3. Hideous  2. Gloomy  1- Bloody «'  Then read the guiding principles of ISIS, and try to find the difference. There is none, except one abuses the concept of Allah, and one abuses the concept of the Christian God, and substitute “unbelievers” from religion, to acceptance of the superiority of whites, and they are the same! No difference otherwise.FROM ISIS’ Harsh Brand of Islam Is Rooted in Austere Saudi CreedFor their guiding principles, the leaders of the Islamic State, also known as ISIS or ISIL, are open and clear about their almost exclusive commitment to the Wahhabi movement of Sunni Islam. The group circulates images of Wahhabi religious textbooks from Saudi Arabia in the schools it controls. Videos from the group’s territory have shown Wahhabi texts plastered on the sides of an official missionary van.This approach is at odds with the more mainstream Islamist and jihadist thinking that forms the genealogy of Al Qaeda, and it has led to a fundamentally different view of violence. Al Qaeda grew out of a radical tradition that viewed Muslim states and societies as having fallen into sinful unbelief, and embraced violence as a tool to redeem them. But the Wahhabi tradition embraced the killing of those deemed unbelievers as essential to purifying the community of the faithful.“Violence is part of their ideology,” Professor Haykel said. “For Al Qaeda, violence is a means to an ends; for ISIS, it is an end in itself.”There is no conjecture here. They are in fact, and have always been, terrorists, and they incite rogue terrorists to be as evil as they are.