Phase Ii Case Initiation - The Alliance: Fill & Download for Free

Who is winning the COVID-19 vaccine race?Based on the latest news (October 2020), it looks like the Chinese vaccine candidates (SinoPharm, SinoVac, etc.) are a couple months ahead.The Oxford/AZN vaccine candidate is paused in the US. It has a study design of 10,000 dosing vs. control group. The JNJ one is also paused (due to “unexplained illness”) Johnson & Johnson Covid-19 vaccine study paused due to illness, which leaves Pfizer and Moderna, both planned to recruit 30,000 patients for Phase III.China has 4 vaccine candidates in Phase III. They have 60,000 subjects injected with no serious adverse events. Coronavirus Vaccine Tracker Also, the Chinese government granted EMU (Emergency Medical Use) for these Phase III vaccine candidates back on July 22, 3 months ago, and the CEO of SinoPharm recently disclosed that there have been over 100,000 people who had received the vaccine, without a single infection so far. These are mostly doctors and nurses treating Covid patients, and SOE employees going overseas to high Covid-prevalence countries (i.e., countries along the Belt-and-Road plan). They’ve been out-and-about in 115 countries. There are infection incidents among their counter-parts, but no infection among the injected. In fact, there are so many people in China who have already been vaccinated now, the Chinese Weibo is filled with people chattering about their own vaccination experience. The manufacturing facilities have already been inspected and certified, with a planned production volume of 600+ million by the end of this year.(Actually, I was wondering if the docs in China have all had vaccines already last month, when China reported an “imported cod induced Covid-19 outbreak in Qingdao”. China's Qingdao Covid cluster traced back to two dock workers, officials say Two dock workers got infected from contaminated seafood imported from South America, shared a CT machine with non-Covid patients in the local hospital, caused another 12 people getting infected. But all the doctors and nurses in that hospital got tested, and all tested negative. So the Coronavirus passed easily from patient to patient but not to the doctors and nurses… OK… that’s Interesting…)Looking back, granting EMU to these vaccine candidates after they safely passed Phase II is a good move. I mean, if you are trying to catch those rare adverse events, there’s only one way and that’s INJECTING A LOT OF PEOPLE. Whether it takes 3 months or 3 years, you’d still need to inject hundreds and thousands of people to find out! Thus now the Chinese vaccines have data on hundreds of thousands of people. No other vaccine candidates have that. That’s hard to beat.And now, the UK is setting up Human Challenge trial in January where they will intentionally expose healthy people to Covid-19, in order to obtain effectiveness data faster. Dozens to be deliberately infected with coronavirus in UK ‘human challenge’ trials Personally I think granting EMU after Phase II is easier ethically - at least you are not deliberately infecting healthy people with a deadly disease. Oh well.In addition, there are two strong reasons the Chinese vaccines will most likely be the first available to the rest of the world. One is that China is part of WHO’s COVAX (China joins COVAX coronavirus vaccine alliance) while the US and Russia are not, so by agreement they will offer their vaccines to the developing countries. The other is that China doesn’t have Covid within its border anymore, so there will not be the same political pressure there to prioritize its own citizens, unlike the US, Russia, and the EU. For example, Pfizer says it can manufacture 100 million doses a year, but there are 320 million Americans who are dying at the rate of ~ 1,000 a day, so how many doses do you think Congo will get? Well China has no domestic cases. The only people who are clamoring for “vaccines RIGHT NOW!” are the Chinese students who are planning on studying aboard. They want to get the injection before they leave the country by December/January.PS: People like to sh*t on royalties, including your humbly here, but this Covid pandemic really shows, very objectively, what these royalties are made of -The Thai king ran over to Germany with his concubines and never set foot back home;The British Queen ran over to the Winsor Castle and stayed there, while the Prince of Wales got infected. Covid-19 basically ripped through the White Hall (Boris Johnson, Cummings, etc.)The Dutch king had to cut his vacation in Greece short, since his country is in lockdown.The Spanish king fled his country, not because of Covid, but because of a pending corruption charge.The royal houses of both the UAE and Bahrain both stepped up and volunteered themselves for vaccine trials immediately. Yes, those “feudal”, “backward”, “brutal”, “oppressive” sheiks actually stuck their necks out for their people…… I can’t believe what I’m seeing here!10/21 Update: China started rolling out Covid-19 vaccines today. Currently only recommended for those who plan to go abroad today. ~ $30/shot. Initial shot + a booster shot 28 days apart. They’ll share the data with WHO, and see how many doses WHO will request.

A large amount of people involved did.Left-wing academics, desperate to push the “Nazism was capitalism” lie (I’m not saying it was socialist, there are more than two economic systems), have managed to get the general public to dismiss the German-Soviet Alliance as just a temporary measure always meant to be done away with. The fact that Hitler was at war with almost all of the world’s major capitalist powers makes the theory shaky enough without the fact Hitler had allied with an openly Communist state to do so. Hitler, while he was entirely willing to go to war with the Soviet Union and did view it as the most likely outcome of his circumstances, did believe a higher level alliance to be an entirely possible outcome.In the eyes of many contemporary observers Hitler and Stalin were already allied. Look at what Otto Strasser, an exiled former Nazi Party member who had known Hitler personally, had to say:Such events such as Hitler’s striking successes in Scandinavia and the Balkans (successes indirectly due to his ally Stalin’s victory in Finland) have a great influence upon the most immediate general outlooks, and are of decisive importance as regards the factor of time. - Germany Tomorrow, page 23.He also said this:How much justification there was for the ingrained prejudice of the German people against the Communists was shown by the Hitler-Stalin pact, which gave outward expression to the internal kinship between the two systems.With the formation of the Stalin-Hitler alliance the Communists were done for in Germany, both in their influence upon the German people and in the number of their membership. Inasmuch as every Communist both at home and abroad was transformed from an enemy of Hitler into an ally of Hitler, the German people (the industrial workers not excepted) ceased to draw a distinction between Communist and Hitlerian.Since then, Communism in Germany has no longer been part of the opposition to Hitler, and this, perhaps, is the most satisfactory result of the Hitler-Stalin pact. For just as in foreign policy the clear line of the European struggle and still more of European reconstruction would have been blurred if Bolshevik Russia had continued to play a part in the democratic camp, so in home policy it would have been a misfortune had Communism been able to assert its claims as part of the German opposition to Hitler.- Germany Tomorrow, pages 32–33.While I definitely don’t agree with all of Strasser’s claims, the fact that someone that close to Hitler viewed an alliance with Stalin as entirely possible says a lot. Many Nazis and generals viewed an alliance as ideal. This raises the question, why didn’t the alliance work?Let’s look at the origins of the alliance first. In Mein Kampf Hitler lays out what he views as the two only options for German foreign policy:…a European territorial policy against Russia could have been put into practice only in case we had England as our ally, on the other hand a colonial and world-trade policy could have been carried into effect only against English interests and with the support of Russia……nobody thought of forming an alliance with Russia against England, just as nobody thought of making England an ally against Russia; for in either case the final result would have inevitably meant war. - Mein Kampf, page 71.As most people know, Hitler preferred the alliance with Britain against Russia because “a territorial policy, however, cannot find its fulfilment in the Cameroon’s but almost exclusively here in Europe” (Mein Kampf, page 69). He hated the USSR because he viewed as a combination of the three things he hated most: Jews, Slavs and Communism. He rebuked any attempt by Stalin to improve relations. However, as most people also know, Britain refused an alliance. This changed Hitler’s foreign policy. To find out how, let’s return to Mein Kampf (remember he views “a commericial and industrial policy” as inherently “against English interests”):Since a commercial and industrial policy had been adopted, no motive was left for waging war against Russia. Only the enemies of the two countries, Germany and Russia, could have an active interest in war under these circumstances. - Mein Kampf, page 73.As such this is when Hitler began to improve relations with the Soviets. Hitler realised that the biggest threat posed by Britain would be the naval blockade that would cut off German supplies.Because of the strict policy of autarky, Hitler couldn’t stockpile enough supplies before the war to negate the effects of a naval blockade. As such, he found another way around it through trade with the East, with Stalin. Because the Germans had a much weaker economy than the Soviets Stalin was initially hesitant to sign trade agreements, however in the interests of keeping his options open the event of a conflict between the Allies and Germany he decided to go ahead with the deal anyway. The Soviets wanted to make the Germans and Allies compete with each other for an alliance in order to get the best possible deal from the victor, even managing to get Hitler to stop anti-Soviet attacks in his newspapers (Stalin would later cease propaganda against Hitler). After Stalin fell out with the Allies over their colonial empires and wanted to secure his western flank in the event of Japanese aggression the Nazis and Soviets ended up coming together based on their shared anti-capitalism and anti-liberalism and entered a phase of close collaboration. With the Molotov-Ribbentrop Pact they divided up Eastern Europe between themselves. Both states began to dramatically alter their foreign policies to fit these new circumstances, the USSR giving up its idea of a world revolution and the Germans giving up the idea of Lebensraum in favour of focusing on Britain. The Anti-Comintern Pact became increasingly meaningless when Germany did nothing to defend their Japanese Allies when they fought the Soviets at Khalkhin Gol. When war came, the Soviets helped their German allies invade Poland and survive the British blockade through their mutual trade. Stalin used his control over foreign Communist parties to help the Germans, boosting the anti-war movement in the Allied nations and paralysing the resistance in the occupied territories by branding them as too nationalistic (remember the Strasser quote from earlier about how “Communism in Germany ha[d] no longer been part of the opposition to Hitler”). Economic ties were strengthened and the alliance seemed solid.Now, of course, we come to the collapse of the alliance. Soviet actions in Eastern Europe, especially in Romania and Finland, made many in both the German public and government demand intervention. Stalin’s occupation of so many resource rich areas of Europe gave him much more power over Hitler, making an invasion of Russia seem appealing to Hitler once more even though the German generals advised against such a move. Stalin began to use his increased economic influence to coerce Germany into making concessions knowing that without Soviet support the British blockade would starve Germany into submission. A deal was made and relations improved once more, although the Soviets believed that they should have been consulted about the Second Vienna Award due to the Molotov-Ribbentrop Pact. Around this time Hitler was making preparations for Operation Sea Lion and the Americans had begun to supply aid to the British, so much so that Hitler began to worry about a war with the United States. He wanted to secure his eastern flank before undertaking such operations, either by getting the Soviets to properly join the war effort or by neutralising them by reverting to his original plan of invading Russia. The invasion of Britain would be difficult enough without having to worry about territorial disputes in the East. Talks began to include the USSR in the Axis on the condition that it focused it's expansion south, towards Iran and India. The Russian Empire had held large influence in Iran prior to 1917 and the Soviets ended up invading anyway alongside Britain after they changed sides while expansion in India had been advocated by many nineteenth-century Slavophiles such as Konstantin Leontiev as well as by anti-British elements during the Napoleonic Wars and Great Game so such a move wouldn’t be unprecedented in Russian history although it would mark a definitive shift in the USSR away from socialist internationalism and towards Russian nationalism. Soviet entry into the war would essentially unite Eurasia against any potential American incursion. However, the Soviets wanted complete control of the Black Sea following operations against Turkey while Hitler wanted to keep control of Bulgaria as a pro-German client state in the region because he was afraid that control over such an important trade centre would make the USSR too powerful and bring them too far into Eastern Europe. Eventually tensions over Finland, Bulgaria and Sakhalin in Asia caused talks to break down and, against the advice of several of those close to him such as his ambassador to Moscow Friedroch Werner Von der Schulenberg, Hitler ordered an invasion of Russia to seize control of the vital resources Stalin was keeping from him.So yes, an alliance between Hitler and Stalin was a genuine possibility supported by powerful people on both sides, with Soviet politician Molotov particularly committed to the idea. Hitler even admired Stalin and his policies, especially his purge of the Jewish Bolsheviks such as Trotsky. It’s just that Stalin assumed Hitler to be too cautious and rational to start a war on two fronts and ended up pushing him farther than he was willing to go, losing a potential ally. Hitler’s successes in the West had made him overconfident and more willing to engage in overly ambitious projects such as Barbarossa. Stalin has just assumed he would capitulate and give over control of the disputed territories, which is why the invasion caught him off guard. Had Stalin not pushed his luck or Hitler’s generals and advisors managed to reign him in the Axis could have united Eurasia.

To be frank, China, if not leading the world in its research and development of the COVID-19 vaccines, it is for sure among the leading nations. You will see what I mean after reading through my answer.(A COVID-19 vaccine developed by China National Biotec Group)But before illustrating the R&D process of China’s COVID-19 vaccines, I’d like to say a few words about why you are not able to read the news on China’s vaccines, or, actually, nearly everything positive from China.I bet you have neither read too much of things like I listed here in my previous answer, Shou'en Li's answer to If Chinese technology is as good as they insist, why don't I see much hi-tech products from China but I see many hi-techs from Japan, Germany, South Korea and the USA?Why? One reason might be China is still not influential enough and China is not good at selling its own stories to the outside world.But I think there might be one more important reason:Back in 1980, in its article THIRD WORLD VS. THE MEDIA, the New York Times magazine once expressed their concern over the distorted information by the Western medias towards the third world nations.https://www.nytimes.com/1980/09/21/archives/third-world-vs-the-media-third-world-third-world.htmlIt cited an Indian editor, who discovered that about 90 percent of the international stories were by one of the four wire services, all of them are Western-owned.And another article in 1981 also echoed this observation and concern, The Big Four,Time has now fast-forwarded to the 21st century, and some four decades after that in 2020, has the situation changed tremendously?Unfortunately, NOT.As shown in Wiki, Concentration of media ownership - Wikipedia,Of the 12 globally conglomerates, 11 are owned by the Western world, including one from Germany, one from France, one from Japan, the other eight are all American ones, and the twelfth is one from Latin America.And in term of revenue rank, the four head ones are all of the USA.None from a fast developing Asian region (Japan is a developed nation classified into the West camp), even China, with its 1.4 billion people and the second largest economy in the world, India, with 1.35 billion and the largest democracy, have barely any voice in the international arena.So, can you see why you are not able to read any positve news and latest development on the Chinese COVID-19 vaccines?Does your not reading any mean there is really nothing done by China?NO, definitely not.It’s just because the media outlets owned or controlled by the Western nations are not interested in letting you know.And even if they occasionally happen to file any reports on China’s vaccine development or other positive events in China, they would definitely find some negative or dark elements to “keep the report balanced.”………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………Let me show you how China has worked diligently and scientifically on developing the COVID-19 vaccines and what achievement we have made till today.I have done a research, and will mainly list the important achievements reported by the Chinese media outlet CGTN, and also some from other outlets both Chinese and overseas.But, I have to clarify beforehand, the following would just be part of the coverage on Chinese COVID-19 vaccines, definitely there are more which I do not include here.Let’s check them out in a reverse chronological order.Novermber 25, 2020Sinopharm applies to bring its COVID-19 vaccine to market“Sinopharm, a leading Chinese vaccine developer, has applied for a license to bring its COVID-19 vaccines to the market, the company's vice general manager Shi Shengyi told Xinhua Wednesday.The application has been submitted to the National Medical Products Administration for review, Shi said. Once approved, it means the vaccines will be available for the general public.”Novermber 22, 2020China stands ready to help on COVID-19 vaccines“On Saturday, the G20 nations held a virtual summit in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Top on the agenda were a number of international issues and not surprisingly, the global COVID-19 pandemic.…….Pledging Beijing's help, Xi (Jinping) told the summit that ‘China is willing to strengthen cooperation with other countries in the research and development, production, and distribution of vaccines’ and pledged to offer ‘help and support to other developing countries, and work hard to make vaccines a public good that citizens of all countries can use and can afford.’”Novermber 20, 2020China Sinopharm's COVID-19 vaccine taken by about a million people in emergency use“Nearly one million people have taken an experimental coronavirus vaccine developed by China National Pharmaceutical Group (Sinopharm) through the country's emergency use program, the firm said on Wednesday.China launched the emergency use program in July, which so far includes three vaccine candidates for essential workers and other limited groups of people.Two vaccine candidates developed by Sinopharm's subsidiary China National Biotec Group (CNBG) and a third one developed by Sinovac Biotech have been used for the emergency program.”Novermber 15, 2020Chinese COVID-19 vaccine to enter late-stage trial in Uzbekistan“The Uzbek government has recently told media that the country will carry out a phase-three trial of a China-developed vaccine for COVID-19, which makes the vaccine China's fifth candidate to enter late-stage human tests overseas.‘The third phase of the pilot process will be conducted in Uzbekistan for 5,000 volunteers, and the process will continue for a year,’ the Ministry of Innovative Development said, adding that the volunteers were aged between 18 and 59 and would undergo eight medical examinations within a year.The trial vaccine was developed by China's Anhui Zhifei Longcom Biopharmaceutical. Several Chinese specialists will also be dispatched to Uzbekistan to monitor the participants and train Uzbek doctors.”Novermber 14, 2020Chinese logistics industry prepares for COVID-19 vaccine transport“Transportation capacityChinese logistics giant SF Express has been working with suppliers to help deliver vaccine candidates and semi-finished items at home and abroad, as China export and import them for clinical trials.While the company has already gone through the whole logistical process, its pharmaceutical VP Liu Xiaoli said when the quantity increases once the vaccines are approved, the main issue will be whether they can cope with such a large volume through this specialized channel.……Special equipmentChinese cold chain equipment manufacturers are also working on more specialized products to meet new demands.For example, China International Marine Containers (CIMC) has developed a new vaccine shelter, which features cold storage, positive pressure, and inactivation systems.”October 25, 2020Brazil institute to import 6 million doses of Chinese COVID-19 vaccine“Brazilian health regulator Anvisa on Friday authorized a biomedical center to import six million doses of the Sinovac coronavirus vaccine, one day after President Jair Bolsonaro said Brazil would not buy the Chinese vaccine.”October 21, 2020China's vaccine to be included in Brazil's immunization program“The Brazilian government will include China's Sinovac vaccine against COVID-19 in its national immunization program, state governors said on Tuesday after a meeting with the country's health minister, in addition to one developed by AstraZeneca and Oxford University.This means the experimental Chinese vaccine called Coronavac, which Brazil's largest state of Sao Paulo had hoped to provide to its residents, may also be used to vaccinate Brazilians elsewhere, a major success for Sinovac in a nation of 230 million people.”October 20, 2020Some 60,000 injected with China's COVID-19 vaccines with no ill effect“Nearly 60,000 people have been injected with China's COVID-19 vaccines so far and no one has reported severe adverse reactions, a Chinese official told a press conference on Tuesday.Tian Baoguo, an official from the Ministry of Science and Technology, told reporters that China is leading vaccine development with a total of 13 vaccines in clinical trials.Among them, four adenovirus vector and inactivated vaccine candidates have entered phase III trials with volunteers spread across ten countries.”October 18, 2020Preliminary results show Chinese COVID-19 vaccine safe: The Lancet“A Chinese COVID-19 vaccine candidate based on the inactivated whole SARS-CoV-2 virus is safe and elicits an antibody response, according to findings from a small early-phase randomized clinical trial published Thursday in The Lancet Infectious Diseases journal.The latest study included participants aged between 18 and 80 years, and found that antibody responses were induced in all recipients. Participants aged 60 and older were slower to respond, taking 42 days before antibodies were detected in all recipients compared with 28 days for participants aged 18-59.”October 17, 2020Philippine President Duterte confident about safety of China-developed COVID-19 vaccines“In a public address, Philippine President Rodrigo Duterte said he is confident about the safety of COVID-19 vaccines developed by China, the Latest Philippines Headlines, Breaking News, Media & Sports News | Inquirer.net reported on Thursday.”October 10, 2020China, Indonesia to enhance COVID-19 vaccine cooperation“China and Indonesia have vowed to strengthen cooperation on COVID-19 vaccine during talks between Chinese State Councilor and Foreign Minister Wang Yi and Luhut Binsar Pandjaitan, Indonesian President's special envoy and the country's Coordinator for Cooperation with China.”October 8, 2020China's experimental COVID-19 vaccine appears safe, says study“An experimental coronavirus vaccine being developed by the Institute of Medical Biology under the Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences was shown to be safe in an early stage clinical trial, researchers said.In a phase-1 trial involving 191 healthy participants aged between 18 and 59, the experimental shot showed no severe adverse reactions, researchers said on Tuesday in a paper on medRxiv preprint server ahead of peer review.The most common adverse reactions reported by the trial participants were mild pain, slight fatigue and redness, itching and swelling at the injection site.”October 1, 2020China to provide COVID-19 vaccines to the world at reasonable price: spokesperson“China will share COVID-19 vaccines with the world at a fair and reasonable price, Foreign Ministry spokesperson said Wednesday.‘Vaccines of various countries are still being developed. It is uncertain how they will be priced, but for China, one thing is clear. We will provide our vaccines to the world as a global public good at a fair and reasonable price,’ spokesperson Wang Wenbin told a regular press briefing.”September 28, 2020WHO backs China's emergency use of COVID-19 vaccines“The World Health Organization (WHO) supported China's decision to vaccinate high-risk people against coronavirus in July this year while clinical trials were still under way, a Chinese health official said on Friday.China launched its emergency program in July, having communicated with the WHO in late June, according to Zheng Zhongwei, a National Health Commission official.”September 25, 2020China's Sinovac expects interim final-stage trial data on coronavirus vaccine this year“China's Sinovac Biotech expects to begin analyzing final-stage human trial data on its coronavirus vaccine candidate this year to decide whether it is effective enough to seek regulatory approval before trial completion, its chairman said on Thursday.The plan puts the Chinese vaccine developer broadly on par with some of its Western rivals who are racing to evaluate efficacy of their vaccines just a few months into Phase 3 clinical trials.”September 24, 2020Trial of a Chinese COVID-19 vaccine in Russia: 'No side effects'“People who got a Chinese COVID-19 vaccine candidate in a large-scale clinical trial in Moscow in early September have reported no side effects, local media the Moscow Times reported Monday.The vaccine, called Ad5-nCoV, was developed by Chinese company CanSino Biologics in alliance with the Chinese military's research arm.Russia approved the Phase III trial of the vaccine last month, and Russian pharmaceutical company Petrovax worked with CanSino to conduct the trial. Petrovax said it has received more than 3,000 applications to get the vaccine so far.”September 22, 2020Pakistan Begins Phase 3 Trial of Chinese COVID-19 Vaccine“Pakistan began final-phase testing Tuesday of a Chinese-made vaccine against novel coronavirus, the first ever clinical trial of its kind in the South Asian nation.Officials at the National Health Institute (NIH) said that China had supplied the COVID-19 medication, developed by Chinese biotech CanSinoBio in partnership with the Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, to Islamabad as part of a trial agreement.”September 18, 2020Track on COVID-19 vaccines: China has 11 vaccines in clinical trials, four in phase III“China is conducting clinical trials of 11 COVID-19 vaccines, four of which have entered phase three trials, said Wang Zhigang, Chinese minister of Science and Technology, at the Global Science and Life Health Forum in Beijing on Friday.”September 15, 2020China's COVID-19 vaccine could be ready for public in November: expert“Wu Guizhen, the chief biosecurity expert from China's Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), said on Monday that ordinary Chinese residents could start receiving COVID-19 vaccines as early as November, adding that the current Phase III clinical trials have been going smoothly.China has been leading the world in research and development of a vaccine against COVID-19. Nine vaccines have entered Phase III of clinical trials around the world, and five of them are being developed by China, according to Wu.”September 11, 2020Hundreds of thousands have been given Chinese COVID-19 vaccines without a single infection“Hundreds of thousands of people have been given two Chinese COVID-19 vaccine candidates as part of an emergency program, without a single case of infection or adverse effects, a senior official of a state-owned vaccine developer has said.The two vaccines, developed by China National Biotec Group (CNBG), are expected to enter the market as soon as this December, and two shots will cost less than 1,000 yuan (about 146 U.S. dollars), said Zhou Song, the company's general legal counsel.”September 9, 2020WHO says working with China on requirements for COVID vaccine approval“The World Health Organization (WHO) is working with China on requirements for international approval of any Chinese COVID-19 vaccine, a senior official said on Monday according to Reuters.‘WHO's office in China and WHO headquarters has been working with the regulatory authorities in China,’ assistant director-general Mariangela Simao told a briefing in Geneva. ‘We are in direct contact, we have been sharing information and the requirements for international approval of vaccines.’"September 7, 2020Chinese-made vaccine able to fight all mutations: developer“Chinese military infectious disease expert Chen Wei said a COVID-19 vaccine her team produced can be effective against all existing mutations of the novel coronavirus, noting that they are preparing for mass vaccination at a low price whenever phase three clinical trial results come out.‘We have complete IP rights of this vaccine, which means we do not have to rely on others and can carry out our own research and development (R&D),’ said Chen, an academician at the Chinese Academy of Engineering and a researcher at the Institute of Military Medicine under the Academy of Military Sciences, in an interview with Xinhua News Agency released on Monday.She noted that ‘we can also allow Chinese people to get vaccinated at a low price whenever they need it.’"August 23, 2020China approves emergency usage of COVID-19 vaccines, official says“A Chinese health official Saturday confirmed the country authorized emergency usage of COVID-19 vaccines developed by some select domestic companies on July 22.‘We've drawn up a series of plan packages, including medical consent forms, side-effects monitoring plans, rescuing plans, compensation plans, to make sure the emergency use is well regulated and monitored,’ Zheng Zhongwei, head of China's coronavirus vaccine development task force told CCTV.An emergency use authorization, which is based on Chinese vaccine management law, allows unapproved vaccine candidates to be used among people who are at high risk of getting infected on a limited period.”July 21, 2020China's phase 2 trial finds COVID-19 vaccine safe, inducing immune response -- The Lancet“A phase 2 trial of a COVID-19 vaccine candidate conducted in China has found that the vaccine is safe and induces an immune response, according to a new study published on Monday in medical journal The Lancet.”June 4, 2020COVID-19 Inactivated Vaccine: Annual mass production could exceed 100 million doses“All geared up, researchers are entering the world's largest inactivated COVID-19 vaccine production plant – built by China National Biotec Group. It was finished in just 2 months. National biosafety experts made sure the construction standards and quality levels meet biosafety level III protection requirements. Experts say with the annual capacity at Wuhan Institute of Biological Products, the two will produce more than 200 million doses of inactivated COVID-19 vaccines annually.”May 24, 2020Vaccine trial shows promising results“The first COVID-19 vaccine to undergo a clinical trial in China has been found to be safe and able to generate an immune response against the novel coronavirus in humans, based on the results of a preliminary trial, according to research published on Friday night in the medical journal The Lancet.The phase-one clinical trial of the vaccine involving 108 healthy adults, which lasted 28 days, showed promising results, although further trials are required to determine whether the immune response it elicits can effectively protect humans against SARSCoV-2 infection, according to the researchers of the vaccine.”April 28, 2020China's fourth coronavirus vaccine candidate conducts trials“China has permitted its fourth potential coronavirus vaccine to launch clinical trials as scientists around the globe race to find a cure for the disease.The testing for the new vaccine candidate has started today, a spokesperson from the China National Biotec Group told the press.Three other potential vaccines developed by Chinese researchers have entered their phase two clinical trials, according to reports.”April 26, 2020508 volunteers get coronavirus vaccine shots in phase two trial; unblinded likely in May: expert“A total of 508 volunteers, in the second phase trial of the adenovirus vector vaccine, have been administered with injections and are now under observation. If things proceed as planned, the vaccine will be unblinded in May this year, said Chinese military infectious disease expert Chen Wei, during an event on the occasion of China's 34th children's vaccination day, on Saturday.”April 24, 2020COVID-19 vaccine for emergency use may be ready by September: China CDC director“A COVID-19 vaccine could be developed by September, and could be ready for emergency use on medical workers and on a larger group of people early next year, said Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) Director Gao Fu on Thursday.If the pandemic sees another massive outbreak, the vaccine, which is under Phase II or Phase III clinical trials, could be applied on particular groups, such as medical staff, Gao said in an interview with CGTN.According to Gao, China could have a vaccine for emergency use in September, and it could be administered more widely early next year.”April 15, 2020China approves three COVID-19 vaccines for clinical trials“China has approved three COVID-19 vaccine candidates for clinical trials, said an official with the Ministry of Science and Technology (MOST) on Tuesday.An adenovirus vector vaccine, developed by a research team led by Chen Wei, an academician with the Chinese Academy of Engineering and a researcher at the Institute of Military Medicine under the Academy of Military Sciences, was the first to be approved to enter clinical trials, said Wu Yuanbin, director-general of science and technology for social development with the MOST, at a press conference.”April 9, 2020China Recruits Volunteers for Phase 2 Coronavirus Vaccine Trial“Barely a week after Chinese scientists finished injecting an experimental coronavirus vaccine into their first group of volunteers, official news outlets reported Thursday that a second batch of participants was being recruited.The trial program is recruiting 500 people, age 18 or older, who reside in Hubei province, the former epicenter of the coronavirus outbreak. Researchers are also trying to establish a placebo control group, according to a statement posted on Weibo, a Twitter-like social media site by state-run newspaper People's Daily.”March 31, 2020Chinese trial vaccine may be tested abroad“China's first candidate vaccine for the novel coronavirus may be put into additional trials in other countries seriously hit by the pandemic if the ongoing initial trial proves it is safe and effective, the top researcher for the vaccine said.The first stage clinical trial for the vaccine was started in Wuhan on March 16 after authorities approved. It has been proceeding smoothly, and its results will be published in April, said Chen Wei, a member of the Chinese Academy of Engineering. Wuhan is the Chinese city that was hardest hit by COVID-19.”March 23, 2020China begins Phase I trial of Covid-19 vaccine(https://www.clinicaltrialsarena.com/news/china-covid-19-vaccine-trial-begins/)“China has commenced a Phase I clinical trial of a vaccine against Covid-19, the infection caused by the novel coronavirus that is so far responsible for 341,700 infections and 14,750 deaths globally.”March 18, 2020Covid-19: China to launch clinical trials for coronavirus vaccinehttps://www.clinicaltrialsarena.com/news/china-launches-coronavirus-vaccine-clinical-trials/“Researchers at China’s Academy of Military Medical Sciences have reportedly received approval to launch early-stage clinical trials of a potential coronavirus (Covid-19) vaccine starting this week.According to the Chinese clinical trial registration database, a Phase I test evaluating the safety of the experimental shot in humans intends to recruit 108 healthy people between 16 March and 31 December.China’s Academy of Military Medical Sciences and the Hong Kong-listed biotech firm CanSino Biologics will conduct the clinical trial, reported Reuters.”February 29, 2020With global push for COVID-19 vaccines, China aims to win friends and cut deals“On 29 February, less than 2 months after the world awakened to the threat of the new disease, virologist Chen Wei, a major general in China’s army, and six military scientists on her team stood in front of a Chinese Communist Party flag and received injections of an experimental COVID-19 vaccine.Chen, a national hero for her work on Ebola vaccines, had come to the initial center of the pandemic, Wuhan, with her group from the Academy of Medical Military Sciences, in part to help make the candidate vaccine with a commercial company, CanSino Biologics.”