Student Progress Report Fall 2015 - Crc: Fill & Download for Free

IntroductionCybercrime is one of the major crimes that have taken the world by a storm. It is criminally influenced by the hackers who gain unauthorized access to the personal data of the people and thus, leads to online trickery. The primary cause behind cybercrimes is a dereliction of duty on the part of the people who overlook the security of their devices. The era of the internet is a new era. The cyber crimes may range from harassment, exploitation, cyber stalking and many others. As the world is getting advanced day by day, the people are getting equipped with digitalization and the people are almost getting addicted to it. Terrorism is one such mal-activity that is conducted through the internet. In a way, cybercrime is the result of cyber or internet addiction. The crimes conducted through the internet are mainly high profile in which the identity of the criminal always stays hidden from the world. In the course of time, what happens is that the personal information of the people is being misused and played with and is thereby, used for various illegal purposes. It might be used in creating fake email identities and conducting cybercrimes through that. Cyber bullying is one more kind of cybercrime which refers to the sending of threatening and intimidating messages to the people concerned. Cybercrime is expected to affect the world in a spare of $7.9 trillion approximately (Clough, 2015).As per a report established in 2014, the effect and harm that cybercrimes caused to the global economy was $500 million approximately (Lusthaus, 2016). A recent survey has revealed that approximately 27% of the people use the internet and they have been hacked once in their lives. The different types of cybercriminals include phishing scammers, cyber terrorists, and identity thieves who have specific watchwords for the online trickery. Even the antivirus software is unable to provide protection to the computers concerned and thus, they become the tool of committing crimes. Approximately 76% of companies were affected by malware worldwide in 2018. The internet protocol address should not be revealed at any cost to anyone. The cyber police and the cybercrime cells are there in order to stop the illegal activities.Federal Bureau of Investigations (FBI) and the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) are the two government facilitated agencies that look into the matters of cyber crimes and severely penalize the offenders. The Cybercrime Prevention Act of 2012 aims at putting a stop on the crime that is conducted through the internet. Thus, it is evident that cybercrime is the world's biggest criminal entity. Hence, the essay explores certain areas, which need to be highlighted, justified and studied briefly. The essay explains the progressive view of the all time trend observed in cybercrime. Additionally, the effect of the trend on the world, solicitation of legal and legislative contemplations and the prognosis of the future happenings and implications are explained here.Evolutionary View of the TrendAccording to a report in 2014, the yearly damage of the financial condition of the world was $445 billion. In the year 2012, $1.5 billion was lost in the credit of online credit and cheat debits in the US. However, the methods of doing crimes through the medium of web are constantly changing with every passing of time. The experts who examines things in this field of web that is dark and is yet not authorized reveals that traders who are engaged in these acts has very little or eve no records of importance. Many people who are engaged in such crimes directly or indirectly to the crimes of the web are new comers. They seem most likely not to have any record of crime or even a record of doing anything wrong (Clough, 2015). A study shows that various numbers of students ranging from various campuses began to direct themselves to the dark side of the web for buying in addition, selling of drugs and narcotics, which are illegal. However, with the passing of time, the criminals of the web are changing their techniques of spoofing. They are using more technology advanced techniques that are focused to attract their victims in controlling situations or information’s that are very emotional and can be negotiated The criminals of the web do not do their crimes depending on the primary features that were easily recognizable for the social engineering (Glatfelter et al., 2019). Examples of such techniques are the URLs whose spellings are wrong. Another tactics that was generally used in the tradition method by the criminals was the method in which the Princess of the Nigeria who was keeping her heritance to us. In the recent times, the criminals now study the victim who is targeted thoroughly. They tend to use the advanced form of Malware and Trojans to gather the information is which include the facts that are sensitive like the social protective numbers, details of the insurance policies and the credentials of the bank (Gupta et al., 2018). The method of Encryption and Anonymization on the web is the recent trend. It has become very difficult for the agencies of the law to compete with the criminals of the web who uses the new and the unnamed techniques of technology. The process, which includes anonymization, is as efficient as encryption because it gives allowance to any facts that is available to become intractable to the user. In such cases, the acts of the criminals become very difficult to be recognized by the people of law who tend to detect and correct it. In the traditional time, the individuals generally did the crimes. However, the recent study states that the gangs of an organization are doing the large number of crimes. Since the last 30 years, the cybercrime is constantly changing from being in a conservative association to a more modern and disciplined style of selling. One example of this kind is the “Fraud as a Service” (FaaS). Many groups of hackers have recently become disciplined because of which they are considered equal with many states with their capability of getting or even penetrating inside one’s system (Srinivas et al., 2019). With the passing of time, the use of technology has also increased. Every one of us is connected to the internet. Therefore, everyone who is connected to a device that is associated with the web becomes the target of cybercrime. A relation between crimes and devices connected with the web can be seen in relationship to one another. For example, the attack of the IoT by Mirai Botnet, which left the entire accessibility of the Web of the East Coast of the US, can be taken here. With the increasing number of digital sphere, the chance for cyber crimes is also increasing largely. The state has developed cyber crimes, which is assumed the new strategy of the state. More than 20 countries have developed this new strategy. In the year 2014, North Korea charged the Sony Pictures Entertainment and even stole the gigabytes of May information is which they later posted it online. The recent example of this kind is “NotPetya malware” attack that is done against the Ukraine by Russia in the year 2016. With the trend of cyber proxy wars that are waged among the nations, the world or cybercrimes is also changing (Rashid et al., 2018).Implication of the Trend of the World That We Live InA study says that more than 1.5 million people becomes the victim to some kind of cyber crime every day that varies from stealing the passwords which are most simple to the excessive defraud of money matters. With a general loss of $197 per individual, this sum up to $110 billion dollars loss in regards to cyber crime every year. As the customers are getting wiser and are becoming able to understand the new techniques of the cyber attacks that belong to the earlier tradition, the criminals belonging to the cases of web are developing themselves with enhanced technology. It includes social network and the mobile devices to maintain their illegal opportunity flowing. If the focus on the cyber security is not maintained, the company leads to various kinds of losses. The economic cost of such attacks is directly connected to the business. Examples of such kinds are the stealing of the information’s of the corporate world, severance of business or even repairing the systems that are affected including that of the economical loss. Limited faith in the effects of the cyber security in the business sector, the customers will be more determined to look into matters outside. It will result in the loss of profits and sales. All the business companies must ensure that everyone who is involved in the company is in par with the latest form of security of the web (Lusthaus et al., 2016). The best way of doing this is through the daily training of all staffs as well as utilizing a structure to work forward with a goal, which aims at achieving an ideal. It will eventually assure that the danger of the data breach is to its minimum. A close related trend is that companies will no longer deal with networks that will belong to the closed space and that were first organized and managed by the administrators of the IT department. They will rather work in networks that can be used by all its employees. The requirement of being able to work anywhere according to one’s own wishes depends on how the information’s are being handles or are even accessed. The resources that are considered in the substantial are put into better safeguards of technology. It is important but as the same hand, the employees must be conscious of the dangers and risks related to it. The employees must therefore use the information’s that are provided with full of protection. In relation with the attacks of technicality, social engineering is currently the most important and influential way of using the asset of the company. Helpful, friendly and even unaware employees will continue to work in the upcoming years that are coming ahead. Proper training of the employees on various levels will therefore become most important form of security and protection for the business company’s and various organizations (Abdo et al., 2018).Application of the Legal and Legislative Considerations in Relation to the TrendCompeting with the cybercrime is a challenge in itself because with every passing of time, it is constantly developing. According to ZDNet in 2014, the groups of the cyber crime have capabilities of technology that is equal to that of the nation. These groups clearly show that they can defeat almost any kind of defense of the web. Crimes in the economical cyber space presently occur at the industrial level. The department of the homeland security moderates the National Cyber security and Communications Integration Center (NCCIC) The organization calls it the “a24*7) awareness of the cyber regarding the responses of a certain incident. It is also considered as an organization that is a worldwide circle of cyber and communications, which is in association with the Federal Government, organization of intelligence and execution of the law. The organization has four branches. However, what most interests the readers is ICS- CERT and US-CERT. One of the most important products of the US-CERT is the Cyber Security Evaluation Tool, which is software of the desktop that helps its users through minute process to avail the system of control and the network of the information technology that works against the standards of the industry. ICS-CERT has many products that can be considered as useful. One of the most important products among it is its system of Alert, which provides with information on time to the owners and moderators of very critical infrastructure. These notifications are based on warnings to the networks of the crucial infrastructures. Another important product is the Advisories that give data about the recent matters of security, exposure and matters of exploitation (Linkov et al., 2019). The ICS-CERT Monitor is the newsletter for them who are committed in the security of property of crucial framework. However, many other Reports, which include the Technical Information Papers (TIPS), Annual Reports (Year in Review) and the outcomes of the third party such as the ICS-CERT, are of the belief, which are of interest to the individuals committed in securing the control system of the industry. DHS also manages the publicity of the stop, think, and connect which focuses on spreading awareness of the people in general about protecting against the hazards of the cyber. The tool of the stop, think, connect which carries the products that are useful to everyone. It also contains a set that is specially designed for the industry only. The government has also developed an organization called the FBI. One of the most important functions of the FBI is its protection against the cyber and other crimes that are done by the use of high technology (Jazi et al., 2017). The service branch of the criminal and cyber response, which examines many types of crime and supervise the crimes that are computer orientated that is related to the terrorism, intelligence and crime threats in contrast. The joint task force of the national cyber investigation is a group of members who are from the twenty different agencies ranging from the application of the law, the organization of intelligence and even the organization of defense. The command of the cyber in the United States is a classified command, which is under the strategic command of the U.S with four important parts like the command of the army cyber, the command of the cyber fleet, the air force cyber and the warfare group of the water corps. The aim of these is to cover the three priorities according to their strategy that is to operate and even justify the information of the network of the DOD, produce impacts that are against our competitor and even design, create and deliver interspersed abilities for the fights in the future. Another organization that is created by considering the legal considerations in relation to the cyber crimes of the recent trend is the organization of the NSA. The primary mission of the national security is the intelligence of the foreign and protection of the government system of the U.S against the unwelcomed entrance, it even involves research and training and domestication and works with other organizations like the DoD and the group of intelligence. It also includes industry through a program of transferring technology. The cyber attacks have been bad to the companies, which is involving IoT’s of losses in millions of dollars. Still the governments across the globe have-not made great stamp in protecting the assets of the digitalism of their respective citizens. It seems like the security of the cyber has been the backbone by some governments while giving others more importance. Cyber security is not considered as an issue of nationality that could probably be destructive as a strategy. Apart from the world that is changing, the nature of the crime has also changed and became unacknowledged. The actions of robbery, extracting, blackmailing, trading that is illegal etc has now become hacking, ransom ware, blackmailing done through the online sources and the trading through the dark web. In the world where everything is in a state of danger done through the source of net, the best practices of the cyber security should be at the top point of importance for any individual or company to maintain the assets of the world of digitalism. Various laws known as the cyber law or the IT law is also made for this purpose. The most important function of the cyber law is that it covers all the transactions done through the internet. It even keeps an eye on all the activities processed through the web; it includes all the reactions and the actions that are in connection to that of the cyber space (Dawson et al., 2018). The purpose of such cyber laws differ greatly. Some of the laws greatly explain the limitations by which the companies and the individuals must operate and function with computer and the internet. There are many other laws, which are made to protect people from becoming a victim of the cyber crime through the illegal activities of the web. The major sectors of the law are copyright, demotion, fraud, the freedom of speech, secrets of trade, harassment, stalking, and the contracts and the laws of employment. The cyber laws are mainly meant for the customers for the protection from the fraud cases that works online. Stealing someone’s identity might often leads to severe danger. There are lawyers who work to justify and contest against the accusation that has been brought forward. The IT act also points out the important facts of security, which are very important for the success of the transactions of the electronics (Chaudhary et al., 2016). The state government has aimed at improving the cyber security by making increasing visibility of the public firms with the help of weak security. In the year 2003, California regulated the notice of the security breach act, which becomes essential for any company to reveal the details of the event. Information’s that are personal includes the security number, name, financial information, credit card number and even the driver’s license number (Ekstedt et al.,2015). May other states have just superseded the example of California and proceeded with similar security breach regulations. The US Congress has recommended many bills that grow upon the regulation of the cyber security (Chowdhury et al., 2016). The information and protection security act enables the agents of data has to ensure the exactness and confidence. Congress is also focusing on bills that criminalize the attacks of the web to improve the cyber security. On May 12, 2011, the President of US, Barack Obama addressed some reforms related to that of the cyber security to secure the cyber security of the people of the US, the federal government and the infrastructure that is considered crucial. In the year 2012, Susan Collins and Joseph Lieberman addressed the cyber security act of 2012. The bill requires establishing independent standards of practice of the best order for the security of the main structure from the attacks of the web. The federal government has tried to increase the cyber security by providing more materials ad products for examination. It is even combining with the private field to create ideal standards. In the year 2003, the president’s strategy of the national level to protect the cyberspace, made the department of homeland security responsible for the suggestions of security and for the examination of national solutions. In regards to the hacking of the website of the Indian space agency’s commercial arm in 2015, the government’s program of the digital India and the expert and the spokes person at the supreme court of India, Pavan Duggal claimed that a more focused cyber protection legislation as a opening concern for India. It is just not acceptable to put cyber protection as just a part of the IT Act (Chen et al., 2019).PredictionThe criminals who are doing crime with web are using tools that are in technologically advanced in addition, expandable tools to split the privacy. New malware samples of around four in number were created in every second (Chang et al., 2018). One of the most successful attacks of the dealer is the method of phishing, as most of its sites remain online for just four to five hours. The users are reporting report of 17% of phishing attacks by the users while it is seen as a action of low risk. At the present scenario, only 65% of the URLs are regarded as trustworthy. This establishes a constrict on both the consumer and any activity which has a presence of being online. The year 2020 will be known for advanced form of phishing attacks in regards to the number of phishing kits that are available in the recent scenario (Clough, 2015). These kits provide people with only knowledge of the basic technical level that helps in the running of the phishing attacks. With the increasing number of tools, phishing will develop into being a attack which is more dangerous and full of risks. The attacks of the remote are increasing in number. They are even becoming more disciplined and advanced. One of the major categories of attack done via the remote in 2018 was crypto jacking. It mainly aimed at the owners of the cryptocurrency. This is another kind of an attack that scared the devices of the highest perimeter. According to the facts of the threats intelligence, attacks that are accessed through the remotes are the kind of attacks that seems to target the vectors in a home, which is connected with the internet. Hackers tends to target the computers, mobile phones, internet connection, cameras and storage devices attached through the network as these devices usually have mediums that are open and attached to the network that are external or generally to the internet (Carr et al.,2019). According to Gartner, the industry in which the things utilized by the consumer, is assumed to grow to more than seven billion operating devices by the end of the year 2020. Many customers as accountable do not consider the operating devices of the IoT because a particular segment of them does not have a user conjugation. These causes can develop many problems based on knowing or understanding the kind of facts that the device accumulates or even operates. The devices operated through the IoT are not only collecting the information’s of the users, they are developing themselves as a point of entry for an attacker or even a device /tool to drive a attack of the DDoS. The devices of the Lot are not designed with full of protection because putting a aim on protection will consequently enhance the expenses of production and maintenance. According to CUJO AI facts of the intelligence threat, about 46% of the types of attack that the devices endeavors are traditional attempts of access and 39% are used for identifying the framework of behaviors. With the aggressive enhancement of devices that are connected at home, these kinds of threats are most expected to increase in number. One of the most general attack courses to the mobile devices are in relation to the method of browsing devices that are unprotected. According to RSA an account of more than 60% of net that is not from the genuine sources is taken through the frameworks of mobile and 80% of the cheating done through the mobile device is accomplished by the applications that are stored instead of the internet based browsers of the mobile. Majority of the people used their mobile devices to maintain the economical functions or even take care of the information’s that are sensitive and that lies outside the protection of one’s own network belonging to that of the home. Therefore, this becomes a major threat. One of the most common fact is that users generally tends to keep all their information’s on their mobile phones and recently these smart phones are used as the authentication done by the two factors. It is considered the most important tool of the cyber security that is being used widely (Benson et al., 2019). It increases the danger of protection if the device of operation is lost or even stolen by someone. By the year 2020, the IoT industry is assumed to be enhanced to more than seven billion devices. With the advancement of technology using the AI in the attacks of the web will eventually grow to be very dangerous and a popular kind of trend. By the year 2024, we are going to see a rise in the cyber crime of about 70 percent (Ivy et al., 2019). The main reason behind the enhancement of the crime will be the artificial intelligence. It is because not only the companies will mostly utilize the AI in the future but also because the criminals will be using the technology to set in motion the advanced form of the web attacks. However, all these are just as per our assumptions. It is simply created based on the record of the cyber threats. As the cyber attacks continue to remain active, they tend to become more advanced in their own field and knowledge (Albertson et al., 2018). The consequent result will be that they will be eventually have all the organizing control over all the facts, information’s and the whole networks in general. The situation will arise as such that it will become a impossible task to stop them. The standards of the global education will consistently be enhanced in the progressing markets. As a result, many individuals who are proficient in technology might have to turn back their talent to the community of the black hat unless the developing economical market tends to support the talent pool of technologies. In the future, the progressing countries as well as the other group of organizations will progressively see the cyber warfare as a chance to be a player globally which was not a sphere that one could sustain in the traditional time (Chen et al., 2019). The future of the cyber security will face great challenges in the upcoming future. It will face new headlines, threats and solutions. However, one of the greatest challenges that will be faced is the huge sport of catching up. As new dangers will be appearing, the companies and the organizations must therefore update their solutions so that the problem can be fixed. However, the hackers will mostly use this new technology to their preceding anyhow. Thus, the skill gap of the cyber security must decrease and people and the organizations must have huge knowledge of the process to protect and secure those (Akbari Roumani et al., 2016).ConclusionWith the advancement of technology, the world of the web is constantly developing. It is bringing many profits to business organizations as well as many benefits to individuals. People are being more dependent on the world of web as it is making things easier. It is therefore becoming the main target for the criminals to do their crimes. The personal information’s are being targeted. The criminals are constantly developing themselves with new forms of technology to seek the private information’s of individuals and companies. The awareness of how the criminals are stealing the information is becoming a matter of great importance. Anybody and everybody who uses internet can actually become a victim. Therefore, the role of cyber security is very important in solving the problems of cyber crimes. It is also meant for the protection and security of the individuals and organizations. The Government for the protection of cyber related attacks forms various rules and organizations. However, the rates of the cyber crimes are constantly progressing with every passing day. It is assumed to become unstoppable in the upcoming future. Therefore one must be aware and be protected from the attacks of such kind. Everybody must share the responsibility of securing the cyberspace. In this way, one can stay in a better world with full of benefits from the technology rather than falling a victim to it.ReferencesAbdo, H., Kaouk, M., Flaus, J.M. and Masse, F., 2018. A safety/security risk analysis approach of Industrial Control Systems: A cyber bowtie–combining new version of attack tree with bowtie analysis. Computers & Security, 72, pp.175-195.Akbari Roumani, M., Fung, C.C., Rai, S. and Xie, H., 2016. Value analysis of cyber security based on attack types. ITMSOC: Transactions on Innovation and Business Engineering, 1, pp.34-39.Albertson, J., Hildebrandt, M., Singh, H., Sankar, S., Ducott, R., Maag, P. and Kimball, M., Palantir Technologies Inc, 2018. Cyber security sharing and identification system. U.S. Patent 9,923,925.Benson, V., McAlaney, J. and Frumkin, L.A., 2019. Emerging Threats for the Human Element and Countermeasures in Current Cyber Security Landscape. In Cyber Law, Privacy, and Security: Concepts, Methodologies, Tools, and Applications (pp. 1264-1269). IGI Global.Carr, M. and Nye, J., 2019. From Nuclear Weapons to Cyber Security: Breaking Boundaries. In Technologies of International Relations (pp. 87-96). Palgrave Pivot, Cham.Chang, L.Y., Zhong, L.Y. and Grabosky, P.N., 2018. Citizen co‐production of cyber security: Self‐help, vigilantes, and cybercrime. Regulation & Governance, 12(1), pp.101-114.Chaudhary, P., Gupta, S. and Gupta, B.B., 2016. Auditing defense against XSS worms in online social network-based web applications. In Handbook of research on modern cryptographic solutions for computer and cyber security (pp. 216-245). IGI Global.Chen, M.J., LGS Innovations LLC, 2019. Methods and systems for enhancing cyber security in networks. U.S. Patent Application 10/305,935.Chen, T., Hammer, J. and Dabbish, L., 2019, April. Self-Efficacy-Based Game Design to Encourage Security Behavior Online. In Extended Abstracts of the 2019 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (p. LBW1610). ACM.Chowdhury, A., 2016, October. Recent cyber security attacks and their mitigation approaches–an overview. In International conference on applications and techniques in information security (pp. 54-65). Springer, Singapore.Clough, J., 2015.Principles of cybercrime. Cambridge University Press.Dawson, J. and Thomson, R., 2018. The future cybersecurity workforce: going beyond technical skills for successful cyber performance. Frontiers in psychology, 9.Ekstedt, M., Johnson, P., Lagerström, R., Gorton, D., Nydrén, J. and Shahzad, K., 2015, September. Securi cad by foreseeti: A cad tool for enterprise cyber security management. In 2015 IEEE 19th International Enterprise Distributed Object Computing Workshop (pp. 152-155). IEEE.Glatfelter, J.W., Kelsey, W.D. and Laughlin, B.D., Boeing Co, 2019. Cyber security system with adaptive machine learning features. U.S. Patent Application 10/419,468.Glatfelter, J.W., Kelsey, W.D. and Laughlin, B.D., Boeing Co, 2019. Cyber security system with adaptive machine learning features. U.S. Patent Application 15/647,173.Gupta, B.B. ed., 2018. Computer and cyber security: principles, algorithm, applications, and perspectives. CRC Press.Ivy, J., Lee, S.B., Franz, D. and Crumpton, J., 2019. Seeding Cybersecurity Workforce Pathways With Secondary Education. Computer, 52(3), pp.67-75.Jazi, H.H., Gonzalez, H., Stakhanova, N. and Ghorbani, A.A., 2017. Detecting HTTP-based application layer DoS attacks on web servers in the presence of sampling. Computer Networks, 121, pp.25-36.Linkov, V., Zámečník, P., Havlíčková, D. and Pai, C.W., 2019. Human Factors in the Cybersecurity of Autonomous Cars: Trends in Current Research. Frontiers in psychology, 10, p.995.Lusthaus, J., 2016. Cybercrime: the industry of anonymity (Doctoral dissertation, University of Oxford).Rashid, A., Danezis, G., Chivers, H., Lupu, E., Martin, A., Lewis, M. and Peersman, C., 2018. Scoping the cyber security body of knowledge. IEEE Security & Privacy, 16(3), pp.96-102.Srinivas, J., Das, A.K. and Kumar, N., 2019. Government regulations in cyber security: Framework, standards and recommendations. Future Generation Computer Systems, 92, pp.178-188.