Experiment 2 Predicting Molecular Shape And Polarity Using: Fill & Download for Free

Here's a full list of experiments in alphabetical order current as of 4.20.16. If you'd like more information on each experiment for your cost/benefit evaluation, you can go to the NASA link at the bottom of the list:A2D-NanoTemplate (Production of Two Dimensional NanoTemplate in Microgravity)3D Printing In Zero-G (3D Printing In Zero-G Technology Demonstration)3D-Space (Mental Representation of Spatial Cues During Space Flight)3DA1 Camcorder (Panasonic 3D Camera)ACE-H-1 (Advanced Colloids Experiment-Heated-1)ACE-H-2 (Advanced Colloids Experiment-Heated-2)ACE-M-1 (Advanced Colloids Experiment-Microscopy-1)ACE-M-2 (Advanced Colloids Experiment-Microscopy-2)ACE-M-3 (Advanced Colloids Experiment-Microscopy-3)ACE-T-1 (Advanced Colloids Experiment-Temperature control-1)Actin (Role of Weightlessness on Metabolism)ADF-Otolith (Avian Development Facility - Development and Function of the Avian Otolith System in Normal Altered Gravity Environments)ADF-Skeletal (Avian Development Facility - Skeletal Development in Embryonic Quail)ADUM (Advanced Diagnostic Ultrasound in Microgravity)ADVASC (Advanced AstrocultureTM)AES-1 (Antibiotic Effectiveness in Space-1)AgCam (Agricultural Camera - AgCam name used historically from 2005-2010, later version known as ISSAC)Ageing (Drosophila Motility, Behaviour and Ageing)AIRWAY MONITORING (AIRWAY MONITORING)Akustika-M (Acoustics-M) (Acoustical Investigation of Voice and Audio Links (Conncections) of the Crew on ISS)Akvarium (Aquarium) (Study of the Stability of a Model of Self-Contained (Closed) Ecological System and Elements, Included in the Model in Microgravity)Alloy Semiconductor (Crystal Growth of Alloy Semiconductor Under Microgravity)ALTCRISS (Alteino Long Term Cosmic Ray Measurements on board the International Space Station)ALTEA (Anomalous Long Term Effects in Astronauts' Central Nervous System)ALTEA-Dosi (Anomalous Long Term Effects in Astronauts' - Dosimetry)ALTEA-GAP (Anomalous Long Term Effects in Astronauts' Central Nervous System-GAP)ALTEA-Shield (Anomalous Long Term Effects in Astronauts' Central Nervous System - Shield)Alteino (Space Radiation Effects on the Central Nervous System)Amine Swingbed (Amine Swingbed)AMO-EXPRESS (Autonomous Mission Operations EXPRESS Autonomous Operations Project)AMO-EXPRESS 2.0 (Autonomous Mission Operations EXPRESS 2.0 Project)AMO-TOCA (Autonomous Mission Operations TOCA Autonomous Operations Project)Amphibody (The Antibody V(D)J Recombination Machinery in Normal and Altered Gravity)AMS-02 (Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer - 02)ANDE-2 (Atmospheric Neutral Density Experiment - 2)Aniso Tubule (Roles of cortical microtubules and microtubule-associated proteins in gravity-induced growth modification of plant stems)ANITA (Analyzing Interferometer for Ambient Air)Antigen (Antigene) (Optimization of Heterological Expresssion in Yeasts-True Yeasts in Microgravity for Example Synthesis of the HBS Antigen of the Virus Hepatitis B)APCF-Camelids (Advanced Protein Crystallization Facility - Extraordinary Structural Features of Antibodies from Camelids)APCF-Crystal Growth (Advanced Protein Crystallization Facility - Solution Flows and Molecular Disorder of Protein Crystals: Growth of High Quality Crystals, Motions of Lumazin Crystals and Growth of Ferritin Crystals)APCF-Crystal Quality (Advanced Protein Crystallization Facility - Effect of Different Growth Conditions on the Quality of Thaumatin and Aspartyl-tRNA Synthetase Crystals Grown in Microgravity)APCF-Lipoprotein (Advanced Protein Crystallization Facility - Crystallization of Human Low Density Lipoprotein (LDL) Subfractions in Microgravity)APCF-Lysozyme (Advanced Protein Crystallization Facility - Testing New Trends in Microgravity Protein Crystallization)APCF-Octarellins (Advanced Protein Crystallization Facility - Crystallization of the Next Generation of Octarellins)APCF-PPG10 (Advanced Protein Crystallization Facility - Protein Crystallization in Microgravity, Collagen Model (X-Y-Gly) Polypeptides - the case of (Pro-Pro-Gly) 10)APCF-Rhodopsin (Advanced Protein Crystallization Facility - Crystallization of Rhodopsin in Microgravity)APEX-02-2 (Advanced Plant EXperiments-02-2)APEX-03-1 (Advanced Plant EXperiments 03-1)APEX-03-2 TAGES-Isa (Transgenic Arabidopsis Gene Expression System - Intracellular Signaling Architecture)APEX-04 (Epigenetic change in Arabidopsis thaliana in response to spaceflight - differential cytosine DNA methylation of plants on the ISS)APEX-CSA2 (Advanced Plant Experiment - Canadian Space Agency 2)AQH Microscope Checkout (AQH Microscope Checkout)Area PADLES (Area Passive Dosimeter for Life-Science Experiments in Space)ARIL-1 (Influencing Factors of Space Flight on Expression of Strains of Interleukin-1)ARIS-ICE (Active Rack Isolation System - ISS Characterization Experiment)ARTE (Advanced Research Thermal Passive Exchange)Astro Palate (Factors Contributing to Food Acceptability and Consumption, Mood and Stress on Long-Term Space Missions)Astrovaktsina (Cultivation in Weightless of E.coli- Producer of the Caf1 Protein)At Home in Space (Culture, Values, and Environmental Adaptation in Space)AT-Space (Arabidopsis Thaliana in Space: Perception of Gravity, Signal Transduction and Graviresponse in Higher Plants)ATOMIZATION (Detailed validation of the new atomization concept derived from drop tower experiments--Aimed at developing a turbulent atomization simulator)AuroraMAX (Coordinated Aurora Photography from Earth and Space (AuroraMAX))Auxin Transport (Studies on gravity-controlled growth and development in plants using true microgravity conditions)Avatar Explore (Avatar Explore: Autonomous Robotic Operations Performed from the ISS)^ back to topBBacteriophage (Investigation of the Effects of Space Flight Factors on Bacteriophages)Bar-1 (Choice and Development of Methods and Instruments to Detect the Location of a Loss of Pressurization of a Module on ISS)BASE-A (Bacterial Acclimation and Adaptation to the Space Environment Conditions-A)BASS (Burning and Suppression of Solids)BASS-II (Burning and Suppression of Solids - II)BASS-M (Burning and Suppression of Solids-Milliken)BBND (Bonner Ball Neutron Detector)BCAT-3-4-CP (Binary Colloidal Alloy Test - 3 and 4: Critical Point)BCAT-3-BA (Binary Colloidal Alloy Test - 3: Binary Alloys)BCAT-3-SC (Binary Colloidal Alloy Test - 3: Surface Crystallization)BCAT-4-Poly (Binodal Colloidal Aggregation Test - 4: Polydispersion)BCAT-5-3D-Melt (Binary Colloidal Alloy Test - 5: Three-Dimensional Melt)BCAT-5-Compete (Binary Colloidal Alloy Test - 5: Compete)BCAT-5-PhaseSep (Binary Colloidal Alloy Test-5: Phase Separation)BCAT-5-Seeded Growth (Binary Colloidal Alloy Test - 5: Seeded Growth)BCAT-6-Colloidal Disks (Binary Colloidal Alloy Test - 6 - Colloidal Disks)BCAT-6-Phase Separation (Binary Colloidal Alloy Test - 6 - Phase Separation)BCAT-6-PS-DNA (Binary Colloidal Alloy Test - 6: Polystyrene - Deoxyribonucleic Acid)BCAT-6-Seeded Growth (Binary Colloidal Alloy Test - 6: Seeded Growth)BCAT-C1 (Binary Colloidal Alloy Test - C1)BCAT-KP-1-Critical Point (Binary Colloidal Alloy Test Low Gravity Phase Kinetics-Critical Point)BCAT-KP1-Shelf Life (Binary Colloidal Alloy Test Low Gravity Phase Kinetics-1-Product Shelf Life)BEAM (Bigelow Expandable Activity Module)Bif (Investigation of the Effects of Space Flight Factors on the Technological and Biomedical Characteristics of Bifidobacterium)BIMS (Assessment of the Efficiency of the Use of Telemedicine Technologies On-Board ISS)Biochem Profile (Biochemical Profile)Biodegradatsia-1 (Biodegradation-1) (Initial stage of Biodegradation and Biodeterioration in Space)Bioekologia-M (Bioecology-M) (Generation of High Efficiency of Microorganisms for the Production of Preparations of Biodegradable Oil, Organophosphorus Material, Measures for the Protection of Plants, as well as, of Exopolysaddharides Uses in the Petroleum Industry)Bioemulsia-Bioreactor-1 (Research and Development of a Self-Contained Reactor of the Shielded Type For Production of Biomass of Microorganisms and Biologically Active Substances)Biokin-4 (Microbial Growth Kinetics Under Conditions of Microgravity)BIOKIS (BIOKon In Space)Biokultura (Bioculture) (Effects of Space Radiation on Food Biocultures)Biological Rhythms (The Effect of Long-term Microgravity Exposure on Cardiac Autonomic Function by Analyzing 24-hours Electrocardiogram)Biological Rhythms 48hrs (The effect of long-term microgravity exposure on cardiac autonomic function by analyzing 48-hours electrocardiogram)Biological Rhythms 48hrs (for 1YM) (The effect of long-term microgravity exposure on cardiac autonomic function by analyzing 48-hours electrocardiogram (for 1YM))Biomolecule Sequencer (Biomolecule Sequencer)Biopsy (Effect of Prolonged Space Flight on Human Skeletal Muscle)Biorisk-KM-metally (metals) and Biorisk-KM-polimery (polimers) (Influence of Factors of the Space Environment on the Condition of the System of Microorganisms-Hosts Relating to the Problem of Environmental Safety of Flight Techniques and Planetary Quarantine)Biosfera (Investigation of a Closed Ecological System)Biotest (Biochemical Status of Humans in Long Duration Space Flight)Biotrack-A (Influence of the Flow of Heavily Charged Particles of Space Radiation on Gentic Properties of Cell Production)Biotube-MICRO (Biotube-Magnetophoretically Induced Curvature in Roots)BISE (Bodies In the Space Environment: Relative Contributions of Internal and External Cues to Self - Orientation, During and After Zero Gravity Exposure)Bisphosphonates (Bisphosphonates as a Countermeasure to Space Flight Induced Bone Loss)Blind and Imagined (SLINK: move Short bLind plus shrink - Moving blind and throwing an imagery ball)BLT (Boundary Layer Transition, Detailed Test Objective 854)Body Measures (Quantification of In-Flight Physical Changes - Anthropometry and Neutral Body Posture)Bone Densitometer Validation (Bone Densitometer Hardware Validation)BONEMAC (Differentiation of Bone Marrow Macrophages in Space)BOP (Bone Proteomics)BP Reg (A Simple In-flight Method to Test the Risk of Fainting on Return to Earth After Long-Duration Spaceflights)BPS (Biomass Production System)Brados (Acquisition of Data About the Radiological, Electromagnetic and Different Physical Environments on Board ISS, and Their Effects on the Safety of the Crew, Space Equipment and Materials)Brain-DTI (Brain-DTI)Braslet (Validation of On-Orbit Methodology for the Assessment of Cardiac Function and Changes in the Circulating Volume Using Ultrasound and Braslet-M Occlusion Cuffs, SDTO 17011 U/R)BRIC-16-Cytoskeleton (Biological Research In Canisters - 16: Investigations of the plant cytoskeleton in microgravity with gene profiling and cytochemistry)BRIC-16-DNA (Biological Research In Canisters - 16: The Impact of Spaceflight on Arabidopsis: Deep Sequencing and DNA Arrays as Collaborative Readouts of the Transcriptome of Arabidopsis Seedlings and Undifferentiated Cells in Space)BRIC-16-Regulation (Biological Research In Canisters -16: Actin Regulation of Arabidopsis Root Growth and Orientation During Space Flight)BRIC-17-1 (Biological Research In Canisters-17-1: Undifferentiated Cell development in Arabidopsis plants in Microgravity)BRIC-17-2 (Biological Research in Canisters-17-2: Understanding Anoxic Response in Arabidopsis)BRIC-18-1 (Development of Multiple Antibiotic Resistance By Opportunistic Bacterial Pathogens During Human Space Flight)BRIC-18-2 (Mechanisms for plant adaptation to space environment)BRIC-19 (Biological Research in Canisters-19)BRIC-20 (Biological Research in Canisters-20)BRIC-21 (Biological Research in Canisters-21 (BRIC-21))BRIC-22 (Biological Research in Canisters-22)BRIC-SyNRGE (Biological Research in Canisters Symbiotic Nodulation in a Reduced Gravity Environment)BTN-Neutron-Radiation-ISS (Examination of the Flow of High Speed and Thermal Neutrons)Buzz Lightyear (Buzz Lightyear)^ back to topCCALET (CALorimetric Electron Telescope)Cambium (Cambium)Capillary Beverage (Capillary Effects of Drinking in the Microgravity Environment)CARA (Molecular Biology of Plant Development in the Space Flight Environment)Card (Long Term Microgravity: A Model for Investigating Mechanisms of Heart Disease with New Portable Equipment)Cardio Ox (Defining the Relationship Between Biomarkers of Oxidative and Inflammatory Stress and the Risk for Atherosclerosis in Astronauts During and After Long-duration Spaceflight)Cardio-ODNT (Dynamics of the Main Factors of Cardiac Function, of Central and Regional Circulation in Rest and During the Influence of Lower Body Negative Pressure)Cardiocog-2 (Cognitive Cardiovascular Experiment)CardioRespir (Cardiorespiratory Adaptation to the Space Environment)CardioScience (Study of Cardiovascular Deconditioning Under Weightlessness Conditions)CARTILAGE (CARTILAGE)CASIS PCG 3 (CASIS PCG 3)CASIS PCG 4-1 (Protein Crystallography to Enable Structure-Based Drug Design)CASIS PCG 4-2 (The Effect of Microgravity on the Co-crystallization of a Membrane protein with a medically relevant compound.)CASIS PCG 5 (Microgravity Growth of Crystalline Monoclonal Antibodies for Pharmaceutical Applications.)CASIS PCG HDPCG-1 (Crystallization of Huntingtin Exon 1 Using Microgravity)CASIS PCG HDPCG-2 (Advancing Membrane Protein Crystallization By Using Microgravity)CASPER (Cardiac Adapted Sleep Parameter Electrocardiogram Recorder)CATS (Cloud-Aerosol Transport System)CBOSS-01-02-Renal (Cellular Biotechnology Operations Support Systems: Human Renal Cortical Cell Differentiation and Hormone Production)CBOSS-01-Colon (Cellular Biotechnology Operations Support Systems: Use of NASA Bioreactor to Study Cell Cycle Regulation: Mechanisms of Colon Carcinoma Metastasis in Microgravity)CBOSS-01-Ovarian (Cellular Biotechnology Operations Support Systems: Evaluation of Ovarian Tumor Cell Growth and Gene Expression)CBOSS-01-PC12 (Cellular Biotechnology Operations Support Systems: PC12 Pheochromocytoma Cells - A Proven Model System for Optimizing 3-D Cell Culture Biotechnology in Space)CBOSS-02-Erythropoietin (Cellular Biotechnology Operations Support Systems: Production of Recombinant Human Erythropoietin by Mammalian Cells)CBOSS-02-HLT (Cellular Biotechnology Operations Support Systems: The Effect of Microgravity on the Immune Function of Human Lymphoid Tissue)CBOSS-FDI (Cellular Biotechnology Operations Support Systems: Fluid Dynamics Investigation)CBTM (Commercial Biomedical Testing Module: Effects of Osteoprotegerin on Bone Maintenance in Microgravity)CBTM-2 (Commercial Biomedical Test Module - 2)CBTM-3-Sclerostin Antibody (Commercial Biomedical Testing Module-3: Assessment of sclerostin antibody as a novel bone forming agent for prevention of spaceflight-induced skeletal fragility in mice)CBTM-3-Vascular Atrophy (Commercial Biomedical Testing Module-3: STS-135 space flight's affects on vascular atrophy in the hind limbs of mice)CCE (Cardiovascular Responses During Rest and Exercise, and Evaluation of Energy Inputs During Exercise)CCF (Capillary Channel Flow)CCISS (Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Control on Return from ISS)CCM-Immune Response (Cell Culture Module - Immune Response of Human Monocytes in Microgravity)CCM-Wound Repair (Cell Culture Module - Effect of Microgravity on Wound Repair: In Vitro Model of New Blood Vessel Development)Celebral Autoregulation (Human Cerebral Autoregulation during Long-duration Spaceflight)Cell Bio Tech Demo (Cell Bio Tech Demo)Cell Mechanosensing (Identification of gravity-transducers in skeletal muscle cells: Physiological relevance of tension fluctuations in plasma membrane)Cell Shape and Expression (Microgravity and Cells: Morphotype and Phenotype Correlation)Cell Wall (Reverse Genetic Approach to Exploring Genes Responsible for Cell Wall Dynamics in Supporting Tissues of Arabidopsis Under Microgravity Conditions)Cemex (Assessment of the Technical Characteristics of a Capillary Evaporator in Microgravity)CEO (Crew Earth Observations)CEO-IPY (Crew Earth Observations - International Polar Year)Cerebral Autoregulation (Human cerebral autoregulation during long-duration spaceflight)CERISE (RNA Interference and Protein Phosphorylation in Space Environment Using the Nematode Caenorhabditis elegans)CETSOL-2 (Columnar-to-Equiaxed Transition in Solidification Processing-2)CFE (Capillary Flow Experiment)CFE-2 (Capillary Flow Experiment - 2)CFS-A (Growth and Survival of Colored Fungi in Space)CGBA-APS (Commercial Generic Bioprocessing Apparatus - Antibiotic Production in Space)CGBA-KCGE (Commercial Generic Bioprocessing Apparatus - Kidney Cell Gene Expression)CGBA-SM (Commercial Generic Bioprocessing Apparatus - Synaptogenesis in Microgravity)Check-Saliva (Salivary Markers of Metabolic Changes during Space Missions)Chondro (Study on the Development of Methods to Produce Artificial Cartilage)Chromosome-1 (Chromosomal Aberrations in Blood Lymphocytes of Astronauts-1)Chromosome-2 (Cytogenetic Effects of Ionizing Radiation in Peripheral Lymphocytes of ISS Crewmembers)Circa (24-Hour Pattern of Blood Pressure and Heart Rate in Weightlessness)Circadian Rhythms (Circadian Rhythms)CIS (Effect of Microgravity and Radiation on Eukaryotic, Endothelial and Osteoblasts)Clinical Nutrition Assessment (Clinical Nutrition Assessment of ISS Astronauts, SMO-016E)Cogni (Cognitive Process for 3-D Orientation perception and Navigation in Weightlessness)Cognition (Individualized Real-Time Neurocognitive Assessment Toolkit for Space Flight Fatigue)Comm Delay Assessment (Assessing the Impact of Communication Delay on Behavioral Health and Performance: An Examination of Autonomous Operations Utilizing the International Space Station)Communications and Outreach 2-ARISS (Communications and Outreach 2 - ARISS)Communications and Outreach 2-Podcasts (Communications and Outreach 2 - Podcasts)Communications and Outreach-2 Flight Kit Photos (Communications and Outreach-2 Flight Kit Photos)Cool Flames Investigation (Cool Flames Investigation)CPCF-2 (Commercial Protein Crystallization Factory - 2: Producing Protein Crystals with Highly Refined Crystal Structure for the Development of New-Generation Medicines)CPCG-H (Commercial Protein Crystal Growth - High Density)CPCG-HM (Commercial Protein Crystal Growth - High density protein crystal growth Modified)CRE-1 (Component Repair Experiment - 1, SDTO 17012U)CRUISE (CRUISE)CSA Comm and Outreach (Canadian Space Agency Communication and Outreach)CSI-01 (Commercial Generic Bioprocessing Apparatus Science Insert - 01: C. elegans and Seed Germination)CSI-02 (Commercial Generic Bioprocessing Apparatus Science Insert - 02: Silicate Garden, Seed Germination, Plant Cell Culture and Yeast)CSI-03 (Commercial Generic Bioprocessing Apparatus Science Insert - 03: Spiders and Butterflies)CSI-05 (Commercial Generic Bioprocessing Apparatus Science Insert - 05: Spiders, Fruit Flies and Directional Plant Growth)CSI-06 (Commercial Generic Bioprocessing Apparatus Science Insert - 06: Ants in Space)CSLM-2 (Coarsening in Solid Liquid Mixtures-2)CSLM-3 (Coarsening in Solid Liquid Mixtures-3)CSLM-4 (Coarsening in Solid Liquid Mixtures-4)CsPINs (Dynamism of Auxin Efflux Facilitators, CsPINs, Responsible for Gravity-regulated Growth and Development in Cucumber)Cult (Cultural Determinations of Co-working, Performance and Error Management in Space Operations)CVB (Constrained Vapor Bubble)CVB-2 (Constrained Vaper Bubble-2)Cyclops Demo (Cyclops Hardware Validation Demonstration)CYTOSKELETON (CYTOSKELETON)^ back to topDDAFT (Dust and Aerosol Measurement Feasibility Test)DCPCG (Dynamically Controlled Protein Crystal Growth)DECLIC DSI-R (DEvice for the study of Critical LIquids and Crystallization - Directional Solidification Insert-Reflight)DECLIC HTI-R (DEvice for the study of Critical LIquids and Crystallization - High Temperature Insert-Reflight)DECLIC-ALI (DEvice for the study of Critical LIquids and Crystallization - Alice Like Insert)DECLIC-DSI (DEvice for the study of Critical LIquids and Crystallization - Directional Solidification Insert)DECLIC-HTI (DEvice for the study of Critical LIquids and Crystallization - High Temperature Insert)DIAPASON (Very high-accuracy environmental automatic control, and pollution monitoring and recording.)Diatomeya (Diatom) (Stability of Geographical Position and Configuration of Borders of Bioproductive Water Zones of the World Oceans, Observations by Orbiting Station Crews)Diurez (Diuresis) (Fluid and Electrolyte Metabolism and Hormonal Regulaltion of Fluid Volume)DNARM (DNA Repair in Microgravity: Investigation of the Effects of High Levels of Radiation on DNA Repair Mechanisms in Microgravity)DOD SPHERES-CSAC (Department of Defense Synchronized Position, Hold, Engage, Reorient, Experimental Satellites-Chip Scale Atomic Clock)DOD SPHERES-RINGS (Department of Defense Synchronized Position, Hold, Engage, Reorient, Experimental Satellites-RINGS)DomeGene (Dome Gene Experiment)Dose Tracker (Dose Tracker Application for Monitoring Medication Usage, Symptoms, and Adverse Effects During Missions)DOSIS-3D (Dose Distribution Inside the International Space Station - 3D)DOSIS-DOBIES (Dose Distribution Inside ISS - Dosimetry for Biological Experiments in Space)DOSMAP (Dosimetric Mapping)DOSTEL (DOSimetry TELescopes)DRAGONSat (Dual RF Astrodynamic GPS Orbital Navigator Satellite)Drain Brain (Strain-gauge Plethysmographic Analysis of the CErebral DRainage Experimented and Assessed in the Micro-gravitational Setting)DREAMTiME (DREAMTiME)Drug Metabolism (Repurposing Metformin as an anti-cancer agent: microgravity studies in Saccharomyces cerevisiae)DTN (Disruption Tolerant Networking for Space Operations)Dykhanie (Regulation and Biomechanics of Respiration in Space Flight)Dynamic Surf (Experimental Assessment of Dynamic Surface Deformation Effects in Transition to Oscillatory Thermo capillary Flow in Liquid Bridge of High Prandtl Number Fluid)^ back to topEE-Learning (Electronic - Learning)EDOS (Early Detection of Osteoporosis in Space)Education-SA (Education - South Africa: Demonstration of Mass and Weight of Objects, and Action of Reactive Forces in Microgravity)Education-SEEDS (Space Exposed Experiment Developed for Students)Education-Solar Cells (Education - How Solar Cells Work)EKE (Assessment of Endurance Capacity by Gas Exchange and Heart Rate Kinetics During Physical Training)Ekon (Experimental Survey on Evaluating the Possibility of Using the Russian Segment of ISS for Environmental Inspection of Work Areas of Various Facilities (Features))Eli Lilly-Hard to Wet Surfaces (Hard to Wet Surfaces)ELITE-S2 (ELaboratore Immagini TElevisive - Space 2)Embryo Rad (Lifetime Heritable Effect of Space Radiation on Mouse embryos Preserved for a long-term in ISS)EMCH (Elastic Memory Composite Hinge)EML Batch 1 - CCEMLCC Experiment (EML Batch 1 - CCEMLCC Experiment)EML Batch 1 - COOLCOP Experiment (EML Batch 1 - COOLCOP Experiment)EML Batch 1 - MAGNEPHAS Experiment (EML Batch 1 - MAGNEPHAS Experiment)EML Batch 1 - METCOMP Experiment (EML Batch 1 - METCOMP Experiment)EML Batch 1 - NEQUISOL Experiment (EML Batch 1 - NEQUISOL Experiment)EML Batch 1 - SEMITHERM Experiment (EML Batch 1 - SEMITHERM Experiment)EML Batch 1 - THERMOLAB Experiment (EML Batch 1 - THERMOLAB Experiment)Endothelial Cells (Effects of Spaceflight on endothelial function: molecular and cellular characterization of interactions between genome transcription, DNA damage and induction of cell senescence)Energy (Astronaut's Energy Requirements for Long-Term Space Flight)ENose (JPL Electronic Nose)Epigenetics (Epigenetics in spaceflown C. elegans)EPO (Education Payload Operations)EPO-Demos (Education Payload Operation-Demonstrations)EPO-Educator (Education Payload Operations-Educator)EPO-Kit C (Education Payload Operations - Kit C: Plant Growth Chambers)EPO-Kit D (Education Payload Operation - Kit D)EPO-Lewis and Clark-Demo (Education Payload Operations- Lewis and Clark- Demonstrations)EPO-MAEA (Education Payload Operations-Museum Aerospace Education Alliance)EPO-Robo (Education Payload Operations - Robotics)EPO-Tomatosphere II (Education Payload Operations-Tomatosphere II)Epstein-Barr (Space Flight Induced Reactivation of Latent Epstein-Barr Virus)ERB (Erasmus Recording Binocular)ERB-2 (Erasmus Recording Binocular - 2)ESA NightPod (ESA NightPod)ESA-EPO (European Space Agency - Education Payload Operations)ESA-EPO-Convection (European Space Agency-Education Payload Operations-Convection)ESA-EPO-Cristoforetti (European Space Agency-Education Payload Operations-Convection-Cristoforetti)ESA-EPO-FLYING CLASSROOM (EPO-FLYING CLASSROOM)ESA-EPO-FOAM Stability (European Space Agency-Education Payload Operations-FOAM Stability)ESA-EPO-GERST (European Space Agency - Education Payload Operations GERST)ESA-EPO-LaPlace (European Space Agency-Education Payload Operations -LaPlace)ESA-EPO-Mission X (European Space Agency-Education Payload Operations-Mission X)ESA-EPO-PARMITANO (European Space Agency-Education Payload Operations-PARMITANO)ESA-EPO-Peake (European Space Agency-Education Payload Operation-Peake)ESA-EPO-Scripts (European Space Agency-Education Payload Operations-Scripts)ESA-GCF (European Space Agency - Granada Crystallisation Facility)ESA-Haptics-1 (ESA-Haptics-1)ESCD (Study of Embryonic and Stem Cell Development in Microgravity)ETD (Eye Tracking Device)EuTEF-EVC (European Technology Exposure Facility-Earth Viewing Camera)EVARM (A Study of Radiation Doses Experienced by Astronauts in EVA)Exerc-Orthostatic Tolerance (Structured Exercise Training as Countermeasure to Space Flight-Induced Orthostatic Intolerance)ExHAM-Array Mark (On-orbit demonstration of target marker for space robotics)ExHAM-CFRP Mirror (Space Environmental Testing of Lightweight and High-Precision Carbon Composite Mirrors)ExHAM-MDM2 (Material Degradation Monitor on ExHAM)ExHAM-PEEK (Space Environmental Testing of PEEK and PFA sample)ExHAM-Solar Sail (Space Environment Exposure Tests of Functional Thin-Film Devices for Solar Sail)Expert-1 (Investigation of Early Symptoms of Microdestruction of Structures and Instrument Modules in the Russian Segment of ISS)Expose-E (Expose-E)Expose-R (Expose-R)EXPPCS (EXPRESS Physics of Colloids in Space)ExPRESS Payload Simulator (ExPRESS Payload Simulator)^ back to topFFacet (Investigation of Mechanism of Faceted Cellular Array Growth)FASES (Fundamental and Applied Studies of Emulsion Stability)FASTER (Facility for Absorption and Surface Tension)Ferulate (Regulation by Gravity of Ferulate Formation in Cell Walls of Rice Seedlings)Field Test (Recovery of Functional Sensorimotor Performance Following Long Duration Space Flight)Fine Motor Skills (Effects of Long-Duration Microgravity on Fine Motor Skills: 1 year ISS Investigation)FIS (Sensory (Taste) Evaluation of Malaysian Food on Earth and in Space)Fischer Rat Thyroid Low Serum 5 (Fischer Rat Thyroid Low Serum 5%)Fish Scales (Investigation of the Osteoclastic and Osteoblastic Responses to Microgravity Using Goldfish Scales)FIT (Fungal Pathogenesis, Tumorigenesis, and Effects of Host Immunity in Space)Fizika-Obrazovanie (Educational Demonstration of Basic Physics Laws of Motion)Flatworm Regeneration (KS5: Role of Gravity and Geomagnetic Field in Flatworm Regeneration)FLEX (Flame Extinguishment Experiment)FLEX-2 (Flame Extinguishment Experiment - 2)FLEX-2J (Flame Extinguishment Experiment -2 JAXA)Fluid Shifts (Fluid Shifts Before, During and After Prolonged Space Flight and Their Association with Intracranial Pressure and Visual Impairment)FMVM (Fluid Merging Viscosity Measurement)Foam (Viscous Liquid Foam - Bulk Metallic Glass)Foam-Stability (Foam Optics And Mechanics - Stability)FOB (Forward Osmosis Bag)FOCUS (Foam Casting and Utilization in Space)Foot (Foot Reaction Forces During Space Flight)Force Shoes (In-flight Demonstration of Portable Load Monitoring Devices-Phase I: XSENS ForceShoeTM)Free-Space PADLES (Space Radiation Dosimeter by Free-Space PADLES in ISS JEM Exposed area)Fruit Fly Lab -02 (FFL-02) (The effects of microgravity on cardiac function, structure and gene expression using the Drosophila model)Fruit Fly Lab-01 (FFL-01) (ARC ISS Drosophila Experiment)Functional Task Test (Physiological Factors Contributing to Postflight Changes in Functional Performance)^ back to topGGEARRSAT (Globalstar Experiment And Risk Reduction Satellite)Gecko Gripper (Gecko Gripper)Gematologia (Haematology) (Morphofunctional Characteristic of Blood Cells and the Intensity of Erythropoiesis in Humans by the Influence of Factors of Space Flight)Genara-A (Gravity Related Genes in Arabidopsis - A)Genes in Space-1 (Genes in Space-1)Geoflow-1 (Simulation of Geophysical Fluid Flow Under Microgravity-1)Geoflow-2 (Simulation of Geophysical Fluid Flow Under Microgravity - 2)Get Fit for Space (Get Fit for Space Challenge with Bob Thirsk)Glykoproteid-K (Extraction and Investigation of surface glycoproteins E1-E2 Alphavirises on Earth and in Space)Golf (Photo and Video Filming Onboard the Russian Segment of ISS)Gosum (Comparison of Seed Growth on Earth and in Space)Gravi-2 (Threshold Acceleration for Gravisensing - 2)Group Combustion (Elucidation of Flame Spread and Group Combustion Excitation Mechanism of Randomly-distributed Droplet Clouds)GTS-2 (Global Transmission Services 2)^ back to topHH-Reflex (Effects of Altered Gravity on Spinal Cord Excitability)Habitability (Habitability Assessment of International Space Station)Hair (Biomedical Analyses of Human Hair Exposed to a Long-term Space Flight)HDEV (High Definition Earth Viewing)Heart (Physiological Parameters that Predict Orthostatic Intolerance After Spaceflight)Heart Cells (Effects of Microgravity on Stem Cell-Derived Heart Cells)HET-Smartphone (Human Exploration Telerobotics Smartphone)Hicari (Growth of Homogeneous SiGe Crystals in Microgravity by the TLZ Method)HiMassSEE (Spacecraft Single Event Environments at High Shielding Mass)Hip QCT (Feasibility Study: QCT Modality for Risk Surveillance of Bone - Effects of In-flight Countermeasures on Sub-regions of the Hip Bone)HMD (Demonstration of Head Mounted Display (HMD) System for Crew)Holter ECG (Digital Holter ECG)HPA (Hand Posture Analyzer)HREP-HICO (HICO and RAIDS Experiment Payload - Hyperspectral Imager for the Coastal Ocean)HREP-RAIDS (HICO and RAIDS Experiment Payload - Remote Atmospheric and Ionospheric Detection System (RAIDS))HTV-Environmental Monitoring (Transport Environment Monitoring Package at HTV Cargo Transfer Bag)Hybrid Training (Effect of the Hybrid Training Method on the Disuse Atrophy of the Musculoskeletal System of the Astronauts Staying in the International Space Station for a Long Term-initial verification in ISS)HydroTropi (Hydrotropism and Auxin-Inducible Gene expression in Roots Grown Under Microgravity Conditions)Hypersole (Cutaneous Hypersensitivity and Balance Control in Humans)^ back to topII BALL (Reentry data acquisition using I Ball Reentry Recorder)I-APE (Italian-Astronaut Personal Eye)I-ENOS (Italian-Electronic NOse for Space exploration)I-FOAM (Italian-Foam)Ice Crystal (Pattern Formation during Ice Crystal Growth)Ice Crystal 2 (Crystal growth mechanisms associated with the macromolecules adsorbed at a growing interface - Microgravity effect for self-oscillatory growth - 2)ICE-First-Aging (International Caenorhabditis elegans Experiment First Flight-Aging)ICE-First-Apoptosis (International Caenorhabditis elegans Experiment First Flight-Apoptosis)ICE-First-Cells (International Caenorhabditis elegans Experiment First Flight-Cells)ICE-First-Development (International Caenorhabditis elegans Experiment First Flight-Development)ICE-First-Genomics (International Caenorhabditis elegans Experiment First Flight-Genomics)ICE-First-Muscle Proteins (International Caenorhabditis elegans Experiment First Flight-Muscle Proteins)ICE-First-Radiobiology (International Caenorhabditis elegans Experiment First Flight-Radiobiology)ICE-GA (Italian Combustion Experiment for Green Air)Identifikatsia (Identification) (Identification of the Sources of Dynamic Loads on ISS)IMAX (IMAX Documentary film: A PERFECT PLANET)Imedias (Observation of Environmental Phenomena)Immuno (Neuroendocrine and Immune Responses in Humans During and After Long Term Stay at ISS)Immuno-2 (Immuno-2)Impuls (1st stage)-IPO (Impulse (1st stage)-IPO) (Impulse)In-flight Education Downlinks (International Space Station In-flight Education Downlinks)InfoTekh (S Band Radio Signal Passage Through ISS and Test of Data Downlink)Infrazvuk-M (Infrasound-M) (Integrated Research of Electromagnetic and Acoustical Fields of Extremely Low Frequency Bands Inside the Russian Modules on ISS)InSPACE (Investigating the Structure of Paramagnetic Aggregates from Colloidal Emulsions)InSPACE-2 (Investigating the Structure of Paramagnetic Aggregates from Colloidal Emulsions - 2)InSPACE-3 (Investigating the Structure of Paramagnetic Aggregates from Colloidal Emulsions-3)Integrated Cardiovascular (Cardiac Atrophy and Diastolic Dysfunction During and After Long Duration Spaceflight: Functional Consequences for Orthostatic Intolerance, Exercise Capability and Risk for Cardiac Arrhythmias)Integrated Immune (Validation of Procedures for Monitoring Crewmember Immune Function)Integrated Immune-SDBI (Validation of Procedures for Monitoring Crewmember Immune Function - Short Duration Biological Investigation)Interactions (Crewmember and Crew-Ground Interaction During International Space Station Missions)Interfacial Energy 1 (Interfacial phenomena and thermophysical properties of high-temperature liquids-Fundamental research of steel processing using electrostatic levitation)InterleIkin-K (Production of Hight Quality Crystals of Interleukin -1Alpha, -1Beta and Receptor of Antagonist of Interleukin-1)Intervertebral Disc Damage (Risk of Intervertebral Disc Damage after Prolonged Space Flight)IPVI (Non-invasive assessment of intracranial pressure for space flight and related visual impairment)IPVI for 1YM (Non-invasive assessment of intracranial pressure for space flight and related visual impairment)Iris (Image Reversal In Space)ISERV (ISS SERVIR Environmental Research and Visualization System)Iskazhenie (Determination and Analysis of Magnetic Interference on ISS)ISS Acoustics (International Space Station Acoustic Measurement Program)ISS External Leak Locator (ISS Robotic External Ammonia Leak Locator)ISS Ham Radio (ARISS) (International Space Station Ham Radio (also known as Amateur Radio on the International Space Station (ARISS)))ISS High Efficiency Particle Filter Analysis (International Space Station High Efficiency Particle Filter Analysis)ISS Internal Environments (International Space Station Internal Environments)ISS Internal Radiation Monitoring (International Space Station Internal Radiation Monitoring)ISS Medical Monitoring (International Space Station Medical Monitoring)ISS RapidScat (ISS-RapidScat)ISSAC (International Space Station Agricultural Camera)ISSI (In Space Soldering Investigation)ISSpresso (ISSpresso)ISTAR Comm Delay Prep (ISS Testbed for Analog Research Communication Delay Preparation)ISTAR Crew Autonomous Procedures (ISS Testbed for Analog Research Crew Autonomous Procedures)IVA Clothing Study (Intravehicular Activity Clothing Study)IVGEN (IntraVenous Fluid GENeration for Exploration Missions)Izgib (Effect of Performance of Flight and Science Activities on the Function of On-Orbit Systems on ISS (Mathematical Model))Izokinez (Evaluation of Work Capacity and Functions of Skeletal Muscles in Humans)^ back to topJJAXA ELF (Electrostatic Levitation Furnace (ELF))JAXA EPO 1 (Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency Education Payload Observation 1)JAXA EPO 10 (JAXA Education Payload Observation 10)JAXA EPO 12 (JAXA Education Payload Observation 12)JAXA EPO 2 (Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency Education Payload Observation 2)JAXA EPO 3 (Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency Education Payload Observation 3)JAXA EPO 4 (Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency Education Payload Observation 4)JAXA EPO 5 (Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency Education Payload Observation 5)JAXA EPO 6 (Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency Education Payload Observation 6)JAXA EPO 7 (Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency Education Payload Observation 7)JAXA EPO 8 (Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency Education Payload Observation 8)JAXA EPO 9 (Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency Education Payload Observation 9)JAXA Low Temp PCG (JAXA Low Temperature Protein Crystal Growth)JAXA PCG (Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency Protein Crystallization Growth)JAXA PCG Demo (JAXA High Quality Protein Crystal Growth Demonstration Experiment)JAXA-AstroReport (Japan Aerospace and Exploration Agency - Astronaut Report)JAXA-GCF (Japan Aerospace and Exploration Agency - Granada Crystallization Facility High Quality Protein Crystallization Project)JAXA-HDTV (Activation and Test Downlink of HDTV System)Journals (Behavioral Issues Associated with isolation and Confinement: Review and Analysis of Astronaut Journals)^ back to topKKaf (Crystalization of th Protein Caf1M and its Combination with the Terminal Peptide Caf1 as the Elements for the Development of a New Generation of Antimicrobial Medicinal Preparations and Components of Vaccines from Yeasts)Kaskad (Cascade) (Investigation of the Processes of Cultivation of Different Types of Cells)Khlorophyl (Observation of the Chlorophyll Chromatography Process in Weightlessness)Kibo Kids Tour (Kibo Kids Tour)Kids In Micro-g (Kids In Micro-gravity (2009-2010))Kids In Micro-g-2 (Kids In Microgravity-2 (2010-2011))Kikuchi-Kossel (Structure analyses and particle interaction studies of Colloid by laser diffractometry in microgravity)Kolibri-2000 (Hummingbird-2000) (Developmental Testing of the Kolibry Microsatellite Deployment Profile)Konstructor (Filming of Space Robot "Jitter" Assembled out of Legos)Kontur (Contour) (Development of a System of Supervisory Control Over the Internet of the Robotic Manipulator in the Russian Segment of ISS)Konyugatsia-EFR (Development of Methods for Designing New Recombinants Producing Strains of Bacteria in Space Flight)Kristallizator (Crystalization of Biological Macromolecules and Generation of Biocrystal Film in the Conditions of Microgravity)Kromka (Verification of the Effectiveness of Devices for the Protection of the Exterior Surface of ISS from Contaminants Deposited by Pulsed Cycling of Liquid-Jet)^ back to topLLactolen (Influence of Factors of Space Flight on Lactolen Producer Strains)Lada-VPU-P3R (Validating Vegetable Production Unit (VPU) Plants, Protocols, Procedures and Requirements (P3R) Using Currently Existing Flight Resources)Latent Virus (Incidence of Latent Virus Shedding During Space Flight)LDST (Long Duration Sorbent Testbed)LEGO (Commercial Promotion of LEGO® Toys)LEGO Bricks (LEGO® Bricks, formerly known as NLO-Education-2)LEON-2 (On-Orbit Demonstration of a Novel LEON-2 Based Computer System and Its Application for Acquisition and Transmission of Milli-g Environment and Acoustic Noise Data in the Columbus Attached Pressurized Module, SDTO 15010-E)Leukin-2 (Role of Interleukin-2 Receptor in Signal Transduction and Gravisensing Threshold of T-Lymphocytes-2)LIRIS Demonstratror (LIRIS Demonstratror)LMM Biophysics 1 (The Effect of Macromolecular Transport of Microgravity Protein Crystallization)LMM Biophysics 3 (Growth Rate Dispersion as a Predictive Indicator for Biological Crystal Samples Where Quality Can be Improved with Microgravity Growth)LOCAD-PTS (Lab-on-a-Chip Application Development-Portable Test System)LOCAD-PTS-Exploration (Lab-on-a-Chip Application Development-Portable Test System - Exploration)Lokomotsii (Effect of Microgravity Upon Kinematic, Dynamic and Electromyographic Characteristics of Human Locomotion)LONESTAR (Low Earth Orbiting Navigation Experiment for Spacecraft Testing Autonomous Rendezvous and Docking)^ back to topMMABE (Microheater Array Boiling Experiment)MACE-II (Middeck Active Control Experiment-II)MAGVECTOR (MAGVECTOR)MAI-75 (Space Devices and Modern Technology for Personal Communication)Manual Control (Assessment of Operator Proficiency Following Long-Duration Space Flight)Marangoni-Exp (Chaos, Turbulence and its Transition Process in Marangoni Convection-Exp)Marangoni-UVP (Spatio-temporal Flow Structure in Marangoni Convection)Maritime Awareness (Global AIS on Space Station (GLASS))Marrow (The MARROW study (Bone Marrow Adipose Reaction: Red Or White?))MATI-75 (Educational Demonstration of the Effects of Shape and Size on the Recovery of Precompressed Plastic Material)Matritsa-Z1 (Matrix-Z1) (Study of the Condition of CCD Matrices of Video Cameras On-Board ISS)Matryeshka-R BUBBLE (Matryeshka-R BUBBLE)MAUI (Maui Analysis of Upper Atmospheric Injections)MAXI (Monitor of All-sky X-ray Image)MCE (Multi-mission Consolidated Equipment)MDRV (Microbial Drug Resistance and Virulence)MDS (Mice Drawer System)MED-2 (Miniature Exercise Device)Medaka Osteoclast (Medaka Osteoclast)Medaka Osteoclast 2 (Effect of microgravity on osteoclasts and the analysis of the gravity sensing system in medaka)Medical Consumables Tracking (Medical Consumables Tracking)MEPS (Microencapsulation Electrostatic Processing System)Meteor (Meteor Composition Determination)Meteoroid (Recording Meteoroidal and Technogenic Particles on the External Surface of the Service Module of the Russian Segment of ISS)METERON (METERON Quick Start a / DTN)Mezhkletochnoe Vzaimodeistvie (Intercellular Interactions in Space Flight)MFMG (Miscible Fluids in Microgravity)MICAST-2 (The Microstructure Formation in Casting of Technical Alloys under Diffusive and Magnetically Controlled Convective Conditions-2)Micro-10 (Influence of microgravity on the production of Aspergillus secondary metabolites (IMPAS) – a novel drug discovery approach with potential benefits to astronauts’ health)Micro-2 (Gravitational Effects on Biofilm Formation During Space Flight)Micro-2A (Microbial biofilm formation during space flight)Micro-4 (Genotypic and Phenotypic Changes in Yeast Related to Selective Growth Pressures Unique to Microgravity)Micro-5 (Investigation of host-pathogen interactions, conserved cellular responses, and countermeasure efficacy during spaceflight using the human surrogate model Caenorhabditis elegans)Micro-6 (Genotypic and Phenotypic Responses of Candida albicans to Spaceflight)Micro-7 (MicroRNA Expression Profiles in Cultured Human Fibroblasts in Space)Micro-8 (Genotypic and Phenotypic Responses of Candida albicans to Spaceflight)Micro-9 (Yeast colony survival in microgravity depends on ammonia mediated metabolic adaptation and cell differentiation)Microbe (Effect of Spaceflight on Microbial Gene Expression and Virulence)Microbe-A1 (On-board Microorganism Monitoring in Spacecrafts)Microbe-I (Microbial Dynamics in International Space Station - I)Microbe-III (Microbe-III)Microbe-IV (Microbiological monitoring in the International Space Station-KIBO)Microbial Observatory-1 (Microbial Tracking Payload Series)Microbiome (Study of the Impact of Long-Term Space Travel on the Astronauts' Microbiome)Microchannel Diffusion (Microchannel Diffusion)Microflow1 (Microflow 1 technology demonstration)Microgravity Growth of Antibody Crystals in the Hand Held High Density Protein Crystal Growth (Microgravity Growth of Single Antibody Crystals for Structure Determination)Microspace (Microbial Life in Space: Response to Environmental Factors in a Space Vehicle)Midodrine-Long (Test of Midodrine as a Countermeasure Against Post-flight Orthostatic Hypotension - Long)Midodrine-SDBI (Test of Midodrine as a Countermeasure Against Post-flight Orthostatic Hypotension - Short Duration Biological Investigation)Mimetik-K (Crystalization of antigen Binding Fragment of Monoclonalical Antibody to Glucosaminilmuramildepeptide)MIS (Microbes In Space: Effects of Microgravity and Space Radiation on Growth Kinetics and Mutation Processes in E. Cloacae and Acinetobacer Baumanii Cells)MISSE-1 and 2 (Materials International Space Station Experiment - 1 and 2)MISSE-3 and 4 (Materials International Space Station Experiment - 3 and 4)MISSE-5 (Materials International Space Station Experiment - 5)MISSE-6A and 6B (Materials International Space Station Experiment - 6A and 6B)MISSE-7 (Materials International Space Station Experiment - 7)MISSE-8 (Materials International Space Station Experiment - 8)MISSE-8 FSE (MISSE-8 FSE)Mobility (Promoting Sensorimotor Response Generalizability: A Countermeasure to Mitigate Locomotor Dysfunction After Long-Duration Space Flight)Molniya-SM (Lightening-SM) (Investigation of Lightning Discharges in the Earth's Atmosphere and Lower Ionosphere)Moon Imagery (Moon Imagery)MOP (Motion Perception: Vestibular Adaptation to G-Transitions)Mouse Epigenetics (Transcriptome analysis and germ-cell development analysis of mice in the space)Mouse Immunology (Mouse Antigen-Specific CD4+ T Cell Priming and Memory Response during Spaceflight)Mouse Immunology-2 (Effect of Space Flight on Innate Immunity to Respiratory Viral Infections)MSK-1 (Cultivation of Mesenchymal Stem Cells From Bone Marrow in Space Flight)MSL-CETSOL and MICAST (Materials Science Laboratory - Columnar-to-Equiaxed Transition in Solidification Processing and Microstructure Formation in Casting of Technical Alloys under Diffusive and Magnetically Controlled Convective Conditions)Multi-Gas Monitor (Multi-Gas Monitor)Multi-Omics (Multi-omics analysis of human microbial-metabolic cross-talk in the space ecosystem)Multigen (Molecular and Plant Physiological Analyses of the Microgravity Effects on Multigeneration Studies of Arabidopsis thaliana)Muscle (Study of Low Back Pain in Crewmembers During Space Flight)MUSCLE BIOPSY (MUSCLE BIOPSY)MVIS Controller-1 (MVIS Controller-1)Myco (Mycological Evaluation of Crew Exposure to ISS Ambient Air)Myco (for 1YM) (Mycological Evaluation of Crew Exposure to ISS Ambient Air 1 Year Mission)Myco-2 (Mycological Evaluation of Crew Exposure to ISS Ambient Air - 2)Myco-3 (Mycological Evaluation of Crew Exposure to ISS Ambient Air - 3)MyoLab (Molecular Mechanism of Microgravity-Induced Skeletal Muscle Atrophy - Physiological Relevance of Cbl-b Ubiquitin Ligase)^ back to topNNano Step (In-situ Observation of Growth Mechanisms of Protein Crystals and Their Perfection Under Microgravity)Nanoparticles and Osteoporosis (NAnoparticles based countermeasures for Treatment of microgravity induced Osteoporosis.)NanoRacks-AAUSat5 (NanoRacks-AAUSAT5)NanoRacks-AFEX (NanoRacks-Ames Fruit-Fly Experiment)NanoRacks-AGAR (NanoRacks-Algal Growth and Remediation)NanoRacks-AHS-Pollen Propulsion (NanoRacks-Ambassador High School-Pollen Propulsion in a Microgravity Environment)NanoRacks-AHS-Rust Development (NanoRacks-Atidim High School-Rust Development in Space)NanoRacks-ArduLab-1 (NanoRacks-ArduLab-1 Tech Demo)NanoRacks-ArduSat-1 (NanoRacks-ArduSat-1)NanoRacks-ArduSat-2 (NanoRacks-ArduSat-2)NanoRacks-ArduSat-X (NanoRacks-ArduSat-X)NanoRacks-Awty-BE-HDPE Rad Shielding (NanoRacks-Awty-Radiation Shielding and Monitoring)NanoRacks-Awty-Yeast Cell Growth in a Microgravity Environment (NanoRacks-Awty-Yeast Cell Growth in a Microgravity Environment)NanoRacks-BE WiSE-Alum Crystal Growth (NanoRacks-Better Education for Women in Science and Engineering-Alum Crystal Growth)NanoRacks-BSYVHS-Yeast Activity (NanoRacks-Ben Shemen Youth Village High School-Yeast Breathing Activity)NanoRacks-CADRE (NanoRacks-CADRE)NanoRacks-CCHS-The Effect of Microgravity on the Magnetic Qualities of Magnetorheological Fluids Over Time (NanoRacks-Carmel Christian High School-The Effect of Microgravity on the Magnetic Qualities of Magnetorheological Fluids Over Time)NanoRacks-CellBox-PRIME (NanoRacks-CellBox-Primary Human Macrophages in Microgravity Environment)NanoRacks-CellBox-Thyroid Cancer (NanoRacks-CellBox-Effect of Microgravity on Human Thyroid Carcinoma Cells)NanoRacks-Centennial-1 (NanoRacks-Ground-Based Sodium Laser Guide Star Imaging of 1U CubeSats)NanoRacks-CMS-Styrofoam Recycling (NanoRacks-Chevel Modiin Shoham-Styrofoam recycling process in microgravity)NanoRacks-COBRA PUMA GOLF Project (NanoRacks-COBRA PUMA GOLF Project)NanoRacks-DBYHS-Artemia (NanoRacks-Darca Bat Yam High School-Emergence of Artemia Eggs)NanoRacks-DCHS-Microgravity Effects on Graphene Based Supercapacitors (NanoRacks-Desert Christian High School-Microgravity Effects on Graphene Based Supercapacitors Experiment)NanoRacks-DHS-Cheeseballs (NanoRacks-Dickinson High School-Space Cheeseballs)NanoRacks-Duchesne-Light Wavelengths on Algae Production (NanoRacks-Duchesne-Algae Production in Microgravity with Variable Wavelengths of Light)NanoRacks-Duchesne-Plant Growth Chamber (NanoRacks-Duchesne-The Effects of Microgravity and Light Wavelength on Plant Growth)NanoRacks-ECS-Fungus Growth (NanoRacks-Espoo Christian School-Fungus Mycelium Growth Research Comparison in Microgravity and on Earth)NanoRacks-ECS-Funky Fungus (NanoRacks-Espoo Christian School-Fungus Growth Experiment)NanoRacks-EGAHEP ( NanoRacks-Egypt Against Hepatitis C Virus Microgravity Protein Crystal Growth)NanoRacks-FCA-Concrete Mixing (NanoRacks-Faith Christian Academy-Concrete Mixing Experiment)NanoRacks-FCC-Coagulation Crystallization (NanoRacks-Fremont Christian School-Microgravity Crystallization and Protein Coagulation Research Comparison)NanoRacks-FCHS-Robot (NanoRacks-Fremont Christian High School-Micro-Robot)NanoRacks-FPTU CubeSat-1 (NanoRacks-FPT University CubeSat-1)NanoRacks-Gadsden State-Organic Solvents in H₂O (NanoRacks-Gadsden State-Organic Solvents in H2O)NanoRacks-GOMX-2 (NanoRacks-GOMX-2: Small Photon Entangling Quantum System)NanoRacks-GOMX-3 (NanoRacks-GOMX-3)NanoRacks-GSH-Arugula Plant Growth (NanoRacks-Girl Scouts of Hawai`i- Arugula Plant Growth)NanoRacks-GSH-Microgreen Plant Growth (NanoRacks-Girl Scouts of Hawai`i-Microgreen Plant Growth)NanoRacks-Gumstix (NanoRacks-Evaluation of Gumstix Performance in Low-Earth Orbit)NanoRacks-HBES-Antibacterial Products (NanoRacks-Henry Bauerschlag Elementary School-Antibacterial Products)NanoRacks-Heart Flies (NanoRacks-Heart Effect Analysis Research Team conducting FLy Investigations and Experiments in Spaceflight)NanoRacks-IComp-Space Cowboy Builders (NanoRacks-Irish Centre for Composites Research-St. Nessan’s Community College: Effects of microgravity on the solidification of reinforced concrete)NanoRacks-ISS University Research (UR) - 1 (NanoRacks-The Investigation of Countermeasures to Modulate and Augment the Immune System)NanoRacks-JAMSS-2, Lagrange-1 (NanoRacks-JAMSS-2, Lagrange-1)NanoRacks-JKHA-Composting in Space (NanoRacks-Joseph Kushner Hebrew Academy-Determining the effect of microgravity on the decay of vegetable mater)NanoRacks-Kentucky Space Test-1 and -3 (NanoRacks-Kentucky Space Test-1 and -3)NanoRacks-Kentucky Space Test-2 and-4 (NanoRacks-Kentucky Space Test-2 and -4)NanoRacks-LCS-Protein Aggregation (NanoRacks-Loomis Chaffee School-Effect of microgravity on protein aggregation)NanoRacks-LEMUR-2 (NanoRacks-LEMUR-2)NanoRacks-LGHS-Iron Corrosion (NanoRacks-Los Gatos High School-Corrosion Behavior of Pure Iron)NanoRacks-Lipid Mimic Self-Assembly (NanoRacks-Self-Assembly of Mesoscopic Lipid Mimics)NanoRacks-LitSat-1 (NanoRacks-LitSat-1)NanoRacks-LituanicaSAT-1 (NanoRacks-LituanicaSAT-1)NanoRacks-MA-Effect of Microgravity on Bacterial Growth (NanoRacks-Minnehaha Academy-Effect of Microgravity on Bacterial Growth)NanoRacks-MA-Fluid Flow (NanoRacks-Minnehaha Academy-The Effect of Microgravity on Fluid Flow Efficiency)NanoRacks-MA-Latex Polymer Coalescence (NanoRacks-Minnehaha Christian Academy-Coalescence of Water-Based Latex Polymers)NanoRacks-MBG-Cuscuta (NanoRacks-Midreshet Ben-Gurion-Cuscuta Parasitic Plant Growth)NanoRacks-MCHS-CO2 Monitor (NanoRacks-Maranatha Christian High School-Carbon Dioxide Monitor)NanoRacks-MCS-CO2 Sensor (NanoRacks-Maranatha Christian Schools-Measuring CO2 levels aboard the International Space Station)NanoRacks-MH EASA-Corrosion of Metals in Microgravity (NanoRacks-McMinnville High Engineering Aerospace & Sciences Academy-Corrosion of Metals in Microgravity)NanoRacks-MHS-Exoskeleton Density (NanoRacks-McMinnville High School-Exoskeleton Density Analysis of Mealworms in a Microgravity Environment)NanoRacks-Micro-gRx (NanoRacks-Fluorescent Polarization in Microgravity)NanoRacks-MicroMAS (NanoRacks-Microsized Microwave Atmospheric Satellite)NanoRacks-MinXSS (NanoRacks-Miniature X-ray Solar Spectrometer CubeSat)NanoRacks-Mission Discovery (NanoRacks-Mission Discovery ISS Bio-Medical Experiments)NanoRacks-Mission Discovery 2 (NanoRacks–Mission Discovery Biomedical Experiments 2)NanoRacks-NanoRocks (NanoRacks-NanoRocks: Collisional Evolution of Particles and Aggregates in Microgravity)NanoRacks-NanoTube Solar Cell (NanoRacks-Earth Abundant Textured Thin Film Photovoltaics)NanoRacks-NCESSE-1 (NanoRacks-National Center for Earth and Space Science Education -1)NanoRacks-NCESSE-2 (NanoRacks-National Center for Earth and Space Science Education -2)NanoRacks-NCESSE-Antares (NanoRacks-National Center for Earth and Space Science Education-Antares (SSEP Mission 2))NanoRacks-NCESSE-Aquarius (NanoRacks-National Center for Earth and Space Science-Aquarius (SSEP Mission 1))NanoRacks-NCESSE-Charlie Brown (NanoRacks-National Center for Earth and Space Science-Charlie Brown (SSEP Mission 5))NanoRacks-NCESSE-Falcon (NanoRacks-National Center for Earth and Space Science Education-Falcon (SSEP Mission 3))NanoRacks-NCESSE-Odyssey (NanoRacks-National Center for Earth and Space Science-Odyssey (SSEP Mission 7))NanoRacks-NCESSE-Orion (NanoRacks-National Center for Earth and Space Science Education-Orion (SSEP Mission 4))NanoRacks-NCESSE-Yankee Clipper (NanoRacks-National Center for Earth and Space Science-Yankee Clipper (SSEP Mission 6))NanoRacks-NDC-BMS-Vermicomposting (NanoRacks-NDC-Bell Middle School-Efficiency of Vermicomposting in a Closed System)NanoRacks-NDC-CHS-Bacterial Lag Phase (NanoRacks-National Design Challenge-Centaurus High School-The Effects of Simulated Gravity on Bacterial Lag Phase in a Micro-Gravitational Environment)NanoRacks-NDC-CHS-The Green Machine (NanoRacks-National Design Challenge-Chatfield High School-The Effect of Microgravity on Two Strains of Biofuel Producing Algae with Implications for the Production of Renewable Fuels in Space Based Applications)NanoRacks-NODeS ()NanoRacks-NovaWurks-SIMPL-Microsat (NanoRacks Kaber Mission 1-NovaWurks-Satlet Initial Mission Proofs and Lessons)NanoRacks-NSL Satellites Ltd-Oil Bubbles (NanoRacks-NSL Satellites Ltd-Oil Bubbles)NanoRacks-NSL Satellites Ltd-Rock Candy in Space (NanoRacks-NSL Satellites Ltd-Rock Candy in Space)NanoRacks-OSU-Zeolite (NanoRacks-The Ohio State University-Zeolite Crystal)NanoRacks-OTS-Decay Rate in Space (NanoRacks-Ort-Tivon School-Determining the effect of microgravity on the rate of decay of vegetable matter)NanoRacks-PCG Therapeutic Discovery (NanoRacks-Protein crystal growth in microgravity to enable therapeutic discovery)NanoRacks-PCG-1 (NanoRacks-Protein Crystal Growth-1)NanoRacks-Planet Labs-Dove (NanoRacks-Planet Labs-Dove)NanoRacks-Planetary Resources-Arkyd-3 (NanoRacks-Planetary Resources-Arkyd-3)NanoRacks-Project MERCCURI (NanoRacks-Comparison of the Growth Rate and DNA Characterization of Microgravity Exposed Microbial Community Samples)NanoRacks-RCHS-Battery Life (NanoRacks-Riverside Christian High School-Battery Life in Microgravity)NanoRacks-RCHS-E. Coli Growth (NanoRacks-Riverside Christian High School-E. Coli Bacteria Growth in Microgravity)NanoRacks-RCHS-E. Coli Growth with UV Exposure (NanoRacks-Riverside Christian High School-E. Coli Bacteria Growth with UV Exposure in Microgravity)NanoRacks-RCS-Bacteria Growth (NanoRacks-Riverside Christian Schools-Bacteria Growth Experiment)NanoRacks-RCS-Battery Performance (NanoRacks-Riverside Christian Schools-Battery Performance Experiment)NanoRacks-SABOL (NanoRacks-Self-Assembly in Biology and the Origin of Life)NanoRacks-SDSA YSI-Liquid Bridge Deformation and Particle Motion Under Mechanical Rotation (NanoRacks-San Diego Science Alliance Youth Space Institute-Liquid Bridge Deformation and Particle Motion Under Mechanical Rotation)NanoRacks-SDSA YSI-Radiation Blocking (NanoRacks-San Diego Science Alliance Youth Space Institute-Radiation Detection and Mitigation)NanoRacks-SHHS-Polyurethane Repair Kit (NanoRacks-South Houston High School-Polyurethane Repair Kit for ISS)NanoRacks-SkyCube (NanoRacks-SkyCube)NanoRacks-Slime Mold (NanoRacks-Slime Mold Organization)NanoRacks-SyNRGE³ (NanoRacks-Symbiotic Nodulation in a Reduced Gravity Environment-Cubed)NanoRacks-Terpene (NanoRacks-Terpene Extraction in Microgravity)NanoRacks-The Hydrofuge (NanoRacks-The Hydrofuge Plant Chamber Experiment)NanoRacks-UAPSAT-1 (NanoRacks-UAPSAT-1)NanoRacks-UF-Squids-1 (NanoRacks-University of Florida-Squids-1)NanoRacks-VCHS Plant Seed (NanoRacks-Valley Christian High School Plant Seed Growth)NanoRacks-VCHS-Ant Colony Behavior (NanoRacks-Valley Christian High School-Ant Colony Behavior in a Microgravity Environment)NanoRacks-VCHS-B. Subtilis (NanoRacks-Valley Christian High School-Bacillus Subtilis Bacteria Growth)NanoRacks-VCHS-Bacterial Growth and Kanamycin Resistance (NanoRacks-Valley Christian High School-Bacterial Growth and Kanamycin Resistance in a Microgravity Environment)NanoRacks-VCHS-Electromagnetic Ferrofluid (NanoRacks-Valley Christian High School-Electromagnetic Effects on Ferrofluid)NanoRacks-VCHS-Electroplating (NanoRacks-Valley Christian High School-Electroplating)NanoRacks-VCHS-Improved Multiple Plant Growth (NanoRacks-Valley Christian High School-Growing Wisconsin Fast Plants, Chives, and Dandelions in a Microgravity Environment)NanoRacks-VCHS-ISS Background Radiation (NanoRacks-Valley Christian High School-ISS Background Radiation Experiment)NanoRacks-VCHS-Memory Loss (NanoRacks-Valley Christian High School-Memory Loss Experiment)NanoRacks-VCHS-Observing Background Radiation and Magnetic Fields in Microgravity (NanoRacks-Valley Christian High School-Observing Background Radiation and Magnetic Fields in Microgravity)NanoRacks-VCHS-Plant Growth (NanoRacks-Valley Christian High School-Plant Growth)NanoRacks-VCHS-Plant Inoculum (NanoRacks-Valley Christian High School-Plant Inoculum Experiment)NanoRacks-VCHS-Protein Crystallization in Space (NanoRacks-Valley Christian High School-Protein Crystallization in Space)NanoRacks-VCHS-Silver Crystal Growth (NanoRacks-Valley Christian High School-Silver Crystal Growth)NanoRacks-VCHS-Thermal Conductivity (NanoRacks-Valley Christian High School-Thermal Conductivity Experiment)NanoRacks-VCHS-Wisconsin Fast Plant Growth in a Vibration Environment (NanoRacks-Valley Christian High School-Wisconsin Fast Plant Growth in a Vibration Environment Experiment)NanoRacks-VCHSD-Evaluating Solar Liquid Power in Space (NanoRacks-Valley Christian High School of Dublin-Evaluating Solar Liquid Power in Space: Converting Electromagnetic Radiation to Electricity)NanoRacks-VCJHS-Fluid Density (NanoRacks-Valley Christian Junior High School-Mixing Liquids of Different Densities in a Microgravity Environment)NanoRacks-VCJHS-High Temperature Dispersion in Microgravity (NanoRacks-Valley Christian Junior High School-High Temperature Dispersion in Microgravity)NanoRacks-VCJHS-Penicillin Growth (NanoRacks-Valley Christian Junior High School-Penicillin Growth Preferences in a Microgravity Environment)NanoRacks-WA-Resurrection Plant Growth (NanoRacks-Wheaton Academy-Resurrection Plant Growth Experiment in Microgravity)NanoRacks-WCHS-E. Coli and Kanamycin (NanoRacks-Whittier Christian High School-E.Coli Bacteria and Kanamycin Antibiotic)NanoRacks-Λ-Sat (NanoRacks-Λ-Sat Hellenic Satellite)Nanoskeleton (Production of High Performance Nanomaterials in Microgravity)Nematode Muscles (Alterations of C. elegans muscle fibers by microgravity)Neocytolysis (Effects of Microgravity on the Haemopoietic System: A Study on Neocytolysis)NeuroMapping (Spaceflight Effects on Neurocognitive Performance: Extent, Longevity, and Neural Bases)NeuroRad (Biological Effects of Space Radiation and Microgravity on Mammalian Cells)Neurospat (Effect of Gravitational Context on EEG Dynamics: A Study of Spatial Cognition, Novelty Processing and Sensorimotor Integration)NICER (Neutron Star Interior Composition Explorer)Night Vision (Eyespots and Macular Pigments Extracted from Algal Organisms Immobilized in Organic Matrix with the Purpose to Protect Astronaut's Retina)NIP (Interaction of Sprayed Proteins (luciferin and luciferace) By Bioluminescence Image)NLP-Cells (National Laboratory Pathfinder - Cells)NLP-Cells-Jatropha Biofuels (National Laboratory Pathfinder - Cells - Jatropha Biofuels (NLP-Cells-3,4,6,7))NLP-Vaccine-MRSA (National Laboratory Pathfinder - Vaccine - Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus)NLP-Vaccine-Salmonella (National Laboratory Pathfinder - Vaccine - Salmonella)NLP-Vaccine-Survey (National Laboratory Pathfinder - Vaccine - Survey)NOA-1 (Exhaled Nitric Oxide-1)NOA-2 (Exhaled Nitric Oxide-2)NPBX (Nucleate Pool Boiling eXperiment)Nutrition (Nutritional Status Assessment)^ back to topOOASIS (Observation Analysis of Smectic Islands in Space)OChB-1 (Influence of Factors of Space Flight on Superoxide Strain Producer)OCT Tech Demo (Optical Coherence Tomography Technology Demonstration)Ocular Health (Prospective Observational Study of Ocular Health in ISS Crews)ODK2 (Evaluation of Onboard Diagnostic Kit 2)OEE (Oil Emulsion Experiment)On-Orbit Crystals (Exploiting On-orbit Crystal properties for Structural Studies of Medically and Economically Important Targets)Onboard Diagnostic Kit (Evaluation of Onboard Diagnostic Kit)OPALS (Optical PAyload for Lasercomm Science)ORZS (The Optimization of Root Zone Substrates (ORZS) for Reduced Gravity Experiments Program)Osteo-4 (Osteocytes and mechano-transduction)OsteoOmics (Gravitational Regulation of Osteoblast Genomics and Metabolism)Otolith (Otolith Assessment During Postflight Re-adaptation)OVAR (Off-Vertical Axis Rotation: Eye Movements and Motion Perception Induced By Off-Axis Rotation at Small Angles of Tilt After Spaceflight, DSO 499)^ back to topPPACE (Preliminary Advanced Colloids Experiment: 100X Oil Test Target)PACE-2 (Preliminary Advanced Colloids Experiment - 2: 3D Particle Test)PACE-LMM-Bio (Preliminary Advanced Colloids Experiment - Light Microscopy Module: Biological Samples)PADIAC (PAthway DIfferent ACtivators)Parodont (Parodentium) (Condition of Peridontal Tissues in Space Flight)Particle Flux (Particle Flux Demonstrator)Passages (Scaling Body-Related Actions in the Absence of Gravity)PBRE (Packed Bed Reactor Experiment)PC4NC (Protein Crystals for Neutron Crystallography (PC4NC) Large volume crystal growth of Inorganic Pyrophosphatase complexes by counter-diffusion in microgravity for neutron diffraction studies)PCG-EGN (Protein Crystal Growth-Enhanced Gaseous Nitrogen Dewar)PCG-STES-IDQC (Protein Crystal Growth-Single Locker Thermal Enclosure System-Improved Diffraction Quality of Crystals)PCG-STES-IMP (Protein Crystal Growth-Single Locker Thermal Enclosure System-Crystallization of the Integral Membrane Protein Using Microgravity)PCG-STES-MM (Protein Crystal Growth-Single Locker Thermal Enclosure System-Synchrotron Based Mosaicity Measurements of Crystal Quality and Theoretical Modeling)PCG-STES-MMTP (Protein Crystal Growth-Single Locker Thermal Enclosure System-Crystallization of the Mitochondrial Metabolite Transport Proteins)PCG-STES-MS (Protein Crystal Growth-Single Locker Thermal Enclosure System - Crystal Growth Model System for Material Science)PCG-STES-RDP (Protein Crystal Growth-Single Locker Thermal Enclosure System-Engineering a Ribozyme for Diffraction Properties)PCG-STES-RGE (Protein Crystal Growth-Single Locker Thermal Enclosure System-Regulation of Gene Expression)PCG-STES-SA (Protein Crystal Growth-Single Locker Thermal Enclosure System-Science and Applications of Facility Hardware for Protein Crystal Growth)PCG-STES-VEKS (Protein Crystal Growth-Single Locker Thermal Enclosure System-Vapor Equilibrium Kinetics Studies)PCS (Protein Crystallization in Space: Characterization of the Effect of Microgravity on the Crystal Growth Behavior of Lipases)Personal CO2 Monitor (Personal CO2 Monitor)PESTO (Photosynthesis Experiment and System Testing and Operation)PFE-OUM (Periodic Fitness Evaluation with Oxygen Uptake Measurement)PFMI (Toward Understanding Pore Formation and Mobility During Controlled Directional Solidification in a Microgravity Environment)PGBA (Plant Generic Bioprocessing Apparatus)Pharma (Characteristics of Pharmacological Responses (absorption, distribution and elimination of acetominophene) in Long Duration Space Flight)Pharmacokinetics (Pharmacokinetics and Contributing Physiologic Changes During Spaceflight, DSO 632B)Phase Change HX (Phase Change Heat Exchanger Project)Photosynth (PhotosynthTM Three-Dimensional Modeling of ISS Interior and Exterior)Pille-ISS (Pille-MKS: Determine the Value of the Accumulated Radiation Dose in a Visiting Crewmember)Pilot-Robot (Individual Characteristics of Psychophysiological Regulatory Status and Reliaility of Professional Activities of Cosmonauts in Long Duration Space Flight)Pioneering Mars (Pioneering Mars: Turning the Red Planet Green with Earth's Smallest Settlers)PK-4 (Plasma Krystall-4)PKinase (Mechanisms and Functional Consequences of Protein Kinase C Isoform Translocation in Monocytes Exposed to Microgravity)Plankton-Linza-SA (Characterizing the Effects of Atmospheric, Hydrophysical and Geological Factors on Biological Productivity of Oceanic Waters Surrounding The Republic of South Africa)Plant Gravity Sensing (Utilization of the micro gravity condition to examine the cellular process of formation of the gravity sensor and the molecular mechanism of gravity sensing)Plant RNA Regulation (Transcriptional and Post Transcriptional Regulation of Seedling Development in Microgravity)Plant Rotation (Plant circumnutation and its dependence on the gravity response)Plant Signaling (Plant Signaling (formerly known as Seed Growth-1))Plasma Interaction Model (Analysis of International Space Station Plasma Interaction)Platan-Cosmic Rays (Search for Low Energy Heavy Particles of Solar and Galactic Origin)Plazma-MKS (Plasma-ISS: Examination of Plasmic Environments on the External Surface of ISS Through the Characterization of Optical Radiance)Plazma-Progress (Plasma-Progress) (Observation of the Reflective Characteristics of the Spacecraft Plasma Environment from On-Board Thruster Activity Using Ground-Based Instruments)Plazmida (Plasmid) (Transfer of Molecules of DNA by Conjugation in Space Flight)PMDIS (Perceptual Motor Deficits in Space)PMT (Photocatalyst Material Test)PMZ (Bioavailability and Performance Effects of Promethazine During Space Flight)Pnevmocard (Pneumocard) (Examination of the Influencing Factors of Space Flight on Autonomic Regulation of Blood Circulation, Respiration and Cardiac Contractile Function in Long Duration Space Flight)POEMS (Passive Observatories for Experimental Microbial Systems)Polca ()Poligen (Polygene) (Revealing Genotypical Characteristics, Defining Individual Differences in Resistance of Biological Organisms to Factors of Long Duration Space Flight)Popular Mechanics (Commercial Promotion of Popular Mechanics Journal)Portable On Board Printer 3D (Portable On Board Printer 3D)Privyazka (Development of High Precision Orientation of Scientific Devices in Space with Reports of Deformation of the ISS Hull)Pro K (Dietary Intake Can Predict and Protect Against Changes in Bone Metabolism during Spaceflight and Recovery)Profilaktika-1 (Prophylaxis-1) (Mechanisms of Action and Influence, and Effectiveness of Various Methods of Phrophylaxis Directed Toward Prevention of Disturbances of the Human Locomotion System in Weightlessness)Prognoz (Prognosis) (Development of a Method of Operational Prediction of Work Load on Crew Piloting Objectives)Protein Crystal Optimization (Optimization of Protein Crystal Growth for Determination of Enzyme Mechanisms through Advanced Diffraction Techniques)Protein Crystallography (Crystallization of Medically Relevant Proteins Using Microgravity)PS-TEPC (Establishment of dosimetric technique in the International Space Station (ISS) with Position Sensitive Tissue Equivalent Proportional Chamber)PSSC (Pico-Satellite Solar Cell Experiment)PuFF (The Effects of EVA and Long-Term Exposure to Microgravity on Pulmonary Function)Puls (Pulse) (Vegatative (Autonomic) Regulation of the Cardio-Respiratory System of Humans in Conditions of Weightlessness)^ back to topQ^ back to topRRaDI-N (RaDI-N)Radi-N2 (Radi-N2 Neutron Field Study)Radiation Environment Monitor (Radiation Environment Monitor)Radioskaf (Creation of Preparation and Launch in the Prcess of Mini -Satellites)RadSilk (Integrated Assessment of Long-term Cosmic Radiation Through Biological Responses of the Silkworm, Bombyx mori, in Space)RAMBO (Ram Burn Observations)RAMBO-2 (Ram Burn Observations - 2)Rastenia-Gorokh (Plants-Pea) (Growth and Development of Higher Plants through Multiple Generations)RASV (Recombinant Attenuated Salmonella Vaccine)Ravnovesie (Ravnovesie)Reaction Self Test (Psychomotor Vigilance Self Test on the International Space Station)REBR (ReEntry Breakup Recorder)REBR-W (Reentry Breakup Recorder with Wireless Sensors)Regeneratsia-Planaria (Regeneration-Girardia) (Effect of Weightlessness on Processes of Regeneration by Electrophysiological and Morphological Factors)Relaksatsia-Groza (Relaxation-Thunderstorm) (Processes of Relaxation in the Ultraviolet Band Spectrum by High Velocity Interaction of Exhaust Products on ISS)Renal Stone (Renal Stone Risk During Spaceflight: Assessment and Countermeasure Validation)Repository (National Aeronautics and Space Administration Biological Specimen Repository)Resist Tubule (Mechanisms of Gravity Resistance in Plants From Signal Transformation and Transduction to Response)Resist Wall (Role of Microtubule-Membrane-Cell Wall Continuum in Gravity Resistance in Plants)Reversible Figures (Perspective Reversible Figures in Microgravity)RFID Logistics Awareness (RFID-Enabled Autonomous Logistics Management (REALM))RIGEX (Rigidizable Inflatable Get-Away-Special Experiment)RJR (Augmented) Microbial Sampling (RJR (Augmented) Microbial Sampling)ROALD (ROle of Apoptosis in Lymphocyte Depression)ROALD-2 (Role of the Endocannabinoid System in human Lymphocytes Exposed to Microgravity-2)Robonaut (Robonaut)Rodent Research-1 (Rodent Research Hardware and Operations Validation)Rodent Research-1 (CASIS) (Muscle Atrophy of Muscle Sparing in Transgenic Mice)Rodent Research-2 (CASIS) (Time-dependency of morphological and molecular changes in the musculoskeletal system of mice exposed to the spaceflight environment)Rodent Research-3-Eli Lilly (Assessment of myostatin inhibition to prevent skeletal muscle atrophy and weakness in mice exposed to long-duration spaceflight)Rodent Research-4 (CASIS) (Tissue Regeneration-Bone Defect)ROKVISS (Robotic Component Verification on the ISS: Verification of Lightweight Robotic Hinge Elements in Space)ROSA (Roll-Out Solar Array)RRM (Robotic Refueling Mission)RRM-Phase 2 (Robotic Refueling Mission Phase 2)RTcMISS (Radiation Tolerant Computer Mission on the ISS)Rusalka-MKS (Mermaid-ISS) (Development of Methods to Determine the Carbon Dioxide and Methane (Greenhouse Gases) Content in the Earths Atmosphere from On-Board ISS)^ back to topSSaffire-I (Spacecraft Fire Experiment-I)Saffire-II (Spacecraft Fire Experiment-II)SAGE III-ISS (Stratospheric Aerosol and Gas Experiment III-ISS)Salivary Markers (The Effects of Long-Term Exposure to Microgravity on Salivary Markers of Innate Immunity)Sally Ride EarthKAM (Sally Ride Earth Knowledge Acquired by Middle School Students)SAME (Smoke and Aerosol Measurement Experiment)Sample (Study of Microbial Communities Exposed to Weightlessness)Sarcolab (Myotendinous and Neuromuscular Adaptation to Long-term Spaceflight)SATS-Interact (Supervision of Autonomous and Teleoperated Satellites - Interact)Saturday Morning Science (Science of Opportunity)SCAN Testbed (Space Communications and Navigation Testbed)Science off the Sphere (Science off the Sphere)SCN (Space Cup Noodle)Scorpion (Scorpion: Development and Acquisition of Multifunctional Control-Measurement Device for Controlling the Environment of Scientific Experiments Inside a Pressurized Station)Sed (Brazilian Seeds Phaseolus vulgaris: Demonstration of gravitropis and Phototropism Effects on Germination of Seed in Microgravity)SEDA-AP (Space Environment Data Acquisition Equipment - Attached Payload)Seedling Growth-1 (Seedling Growth-1)Seedling Growth-2 (Seedling Growth-2)Seeds (Seeds in Space)Seiner (Development of Procedures of Interactions of the Crew in the Russian Segment of ISS and the State Fishery Committee During the Process of Searching and Exploring Productive Fishing Regions in World Oceans)SEITE (Shuttle Exhaust Ion Turbulence Experiments)SEM (Space Experiment Module)Sensory Adaptation (Study of Vestibular Function and Intersensory Interactions Under Altered Gravity)SETA-2 (Solidification along a Eutectic path in Ternary Alloys-2)SHERE (Shear History Extensional Rheology Experiment)SHERE-II (Shear History Extensional Rheology Experiment - II)Sidekick (Sidekick: Investigating Immersive Visualization Capabilities)SIMPLEX (Shuttle Ionospheric Modification with Pulsed Localized Exhaust Experiments)Skin-B (Skin-B)SkinCare (SkinCare)Skinsuit (Skinsuit)Sleep ISS-12 (Sleep-Wake Actigraphy and Light Exposure on ISS-12)Sleep-Long (Sleep-Wake Actigraphy and Light Exposure During Spaceflight-Long)Sleep-Short (Sleep-Wake Actigraphy and Light Exposure During Spaceflight-Short)SLICE (Structure and Liftoff In Combustion Experiment)Small Sat Deploy-Demo (Small Sat Deploy Demo)Smartphone-MM (HET Smartphone-MM)SMEK (Effect of Microgravity on Kinetic Properties of Enzymtic Reactions - Hydrolysis of Sucrose in Cerevisiae Cells of Saccharomycetes)SMILES (Superconducting Submillimeter-Wave Limb-Emission Sounder)SNFM (Serial Network Flow Monitor)SODI-Colloid (Selectable Optical Diagnostics Instrument - Aggregation of Colloidal Solutions)SODI-Colloid-2 (SODI-Colloid-2)SODI-DCMIX (SODI-DCMIX)SODI-DSC (Selectable Optical Diagnostics Instrument - Diffusion and Soret Coefficient)SODI-IVIDIL (Selectable Optical Diagnostics Instrument-Influence of VIbrations on DIffusion of Liquids)Solar-SOLACES (Sun Monitoring on the External Payload Facility of Columbus - SOLar Auto-Calibrating EUV/UV Spectrophotometers)Solar-SOLSPEC (Sun Monitoring on the External Payload Facility of Columbus-Sun Monitoring on the External Payload Facility of Columbus-SOLar SPECtral Irradiance Measurements)Solar-SOVIM (Sun Monitoring on the External Payload Facility of Columbus -SOlar Variable and Irradiance Monitor)SOLO (SOdium LOading in Microgravity)Sonokard (Physiological Functions (cardio-respiratory) of Humans Using Contactless Methods During Sleep in Long Duration Space Flight)Soret-Facet (Study on Soret effect (thermal diffusion process) for the mixed solution by the in-situ observation technique facilitated at SCOF)SoRGE (Soldering in Reduced Gravity Experiment, SDTO 17003-U)Space Aging (Study of the effects of space flight on the aging of C. elegans)Space Food Nutrient (Changes in Nutrient Contents in Space Food After Long-term Space Flight)Space Headaches (Space Headaches)Space Pup (Effect of space environment on mammalian reproduction)SpaceDRUMS (Space Dynamically Responding Ultrasonic Matrix System)SpaceSeed (Life Cycles of Higher Plants Under Microgravity Conditions)SPACETEX (SPACETEX)SPC (Soluble Protein Crystallization: Obtaining Crystals of Soluble Proteins FcgIII and FcgeII with a Perfect Crystal Structure)Special Event Meals (Special Event Meals)SPEGIS (Streptococcus pneumoniae Expression of Genes in Space)SPHERES (Synchronized Position Hold, Engage, Reorient, Experimental Satellites)SPHERES Halo (Synchronized Position, Hold, Engage, Reorient, Experimental Satellites - Halo)SPHERES Tether Demo (SPHERES Tether Demo)SPHERES-Slosh (SPHERES-Slosh)SPHERES-UDP (Synchronized Position, Hold, Engage, Reorient, Experimental Satellites-Universal Docking Port)SPHERES-VERTIGO (Synchronized Position, Hold, Engage, Reorient, Experimental Satellites - VERTIGO)SPHERES-Zero-Robotics (Synchronized Position Hold, Engage, Reorient, Experimental Satellites-Zero-Robotics)SPHEROIDS (SPHEROIDS)SPICE (Smoke Point In Co-flow Experiment)Spin (Validation of Centrifugation as a Countermeasure for Otolith Deconditioning During Spaceflight)Spinal Elongation (Spinal Elongation and its Effects on Seated Height in a Microgravity Environment)Spinal Ultrasound (Sonographic Astronaut Vertebral Examination)SpinSat (SpinSat)Spore (Study of Space Environment Effects on PY17 Bacterial Spores onboard Space Shuttle)Sprint (Integrated Resistance and Aerobic Training Study)Sprut-MBI (Octopus-MBI) (Determination of Intracellular and Extracellular Fluid Volume in Humans in Space Flight)Sreda-MKS (Environment-ISS) (Examination of the Features of ISS as an Environment for Conducting Research)SS-HDTV (Super-Sensitive High Definition TV)SSAF2013 (Space Seeds for Asian Future 2013)SSLM (Solid State Lighting Module, SDTO 15008U)Stability-Nutrition (Stability of Nutritional Compounds)Stability-Pharmacotherapeutic (Stability of Pharmacotherapeutic)Statoconia (Otoconium) (Growth Potency of Statoconia (Otoliths) in the Organ of Equilibrium of Gastropod Mollusks in Weightlessness)StelSys (StelSys Liver Cell Function Research)Stem Cell Differentiation (Stem Cell Differentiation)Stem Cells (Study on the Effect of Space Environment to Embryonic Stem Cells to Their Development)STL-Microbial Immunity (Space Tissue Loss - Microbial Immunity)STL-MRMC (High Throughput Pan-omic Approaches to Study the Effect of Microgravity on Responses of Skin Endothelial Cells to Insult)STL-Regeneration (Space Tissue Loss - Stem Cell Regeneration)STL-Regeneration-Keratinocytes (Space Tissue Loss - The Effects Microgravity on Stem Cell-Based Tissue Regeneration: Keratinocyte Differentiation in Wound Healing)STL-TATRC2 (Examination of the effects of microgravity on the trophic capability of stromal vascular fraction cells from lipoaspirated human adipose tissue)STMSat-1 (St. Thomas More School Cathedral Satellite-1)Story Time From Space (Story Time From Space)STP-H2-ANDE (Space Test Program-H2-Atmospheric Neutral Density Experiment)STP-H2-MEPSI (Space Test Program-H2-Microelectromechanical System-Based (MEMS) PICOSAT Inspector)STP-H2-RAFT (Space Test Program-H2-Radar Fence Transponder)STP-H3-Canary (Space Test Program - Houston 3 - Canary)STP-H3-DISC (Space Test Program - Houston 3 - Digital Imaging Star Camera)STP-H3-MHTEX (Space Test Program - Houston 3 - Massive Heat Transfer Experiment)STP-H3-VADER (Space Test Program - Houston 3 - Variable emissivity radiator Aerogel insulation blanket Dual zone thermal control Experiment suite for Responsive space)STP-H4-ATT (Space Test Program-Houston 4-Active Thermal Tile)STP-H4-FireStation (Space Test Program-Houston 4-FireStation)STP-H4-GLADIS (Space Test Program - Houston 4 - Global Awareness Data-Exfiltration International Satellite)STP-H4-ISE 2.0 (Space Test Program-Houston 4-ISS SpaceCube Experiment 2.0)STP-H4-MARS (Space Test Program-H4-Miniature Array of Radiation Sensors)STP-H4-SWATS (Space Test Program-Houston 4- Small Wind and Temperature Spectrometer)STP-H5 FPS (STP-H5-Fabry Perot Spectrometer for Methane)STP-H5 ICE (STP-H5-Innovative Coatings Experiment)STP-H5 LIS (STP-H5-Lightning Imaging Sensor)STP-H5 LITES (STP-H5-Limb-Imaging Ionospheric and Thermospheric Extreme-Ultraviolet Spectrographs)STP-H5 SHM (STP-H5-Structural Health Monitoring)STP-H5 Space Cube - Mini (STP-H5-SpaceCube - Mini)Straight Ahead in Microgravity (Straight Ahead)Strata-1 (Strata-1)Subregional Bone (Subregional Assessment of Bone Loss in the Axial Skeleton in Long-term Space Flight)SUBSA (Solidification Using a Baffle in Sealed Ampoules)Suitsat-1 (Suit Satellite-1)Surface Telerobotics (Surface Telerobotics)SVS-1 (SHS-1) (CBC: Self-Propogating Hyperthermal Synthesis in Space)SWAB (Surface, Water and Air Biocharacterization - A Comprehensive Characterization of Microorganisms and Allergens in Spacecraft Environment)Synergy (The elucidation of the re-adaptation on the attitude control after return from long term space flight)Synthetic Muscle (Synthetic Muscle: Resistance to Radiation; Ras Labs-CASIS-ISS Project for Synthetic Muscle: Resistance to Radiation)^ back to topTT-Cell Act in Aging (T-Cell Activation in Aging)TAGES (Transgenic Arabidopsis Gene Expression System)Taste In Space (Taste In Space)TBone (Assessment of the effect of space flight on bone quality using three-dimensional high resolution peripheral quantitative computed tomography (HR-pQCT))TechEdSat (Technology Education Satellite)TechEdSat-3P (The Development of On-Demand Sample Return Capability (SPQR))TechEdSat-4 (The Development of On-Demand Sample Return Capability (SPQR))Telescience Resource Kit (Flight Demonstration of Telescience Resource Kit)Telomeres (Assessing Telomere Lengths and Telomerase Activity in Astronauts)TEM (Transport Environment Monitor Packages)Ten-Mayak (Shadow-Beacon) (Study of Transmit/Receive Radio Signal Conditions in the Russian Segment of ISS Using the World-Wide Ham Radio Network)Tendometria (Assessment of Functional Properties of the Neuro-Muscular Apparatus)Tenzor (Tensor) (Definition of Dynamic Characteristics of ISS)Thermolab (Thermoregulation in Humans During Long-Term Spaceflight)Tipologia (Typology) (Study of the Typological Characteristis of ISS Crew Operators Activity at the Stages of Long Term Space Flight)Tomatosphere-III (Tomatosphere-III)Tomatosphere-IV (Tomatosphere-IV)Top (Educational Demonstration of Top Spinning Motions in Space)Torso (Organ Dose Measurement Using the Phantom Torso)Toxichnost (Toxicity) (Development of a Metod of Express Monitoring of Toxicity of Water in Space Flight)TRAC (Test of Reaction and Adaptation Capabilities)Treadmill Kinematics (Biomechanical Analysis of Treadmill Exercise on the International Space Station)TripleLux-A (Gene, Immune and Cellular Responses to Single and Combined Space Flight Conditions - A)TripleLux-B (Gene, Immune and Cellular Responses to Single and Combined Space Flight Conditions - B)TriTel (3D Silicon Detector Telescope)Tropi (Analysis of a Novel Sensory Mechanism in Root Phototropism)TROPICAL CYCLONE (The Cyclone Intensity Measurements from the ISS (CyMISS))Try Zero-G (Try Zero-Gravity)Try Zero-G for Asia (Try Zero-G for Asia )Twins Study (Human Exploration Research Opportunities - Differential Effects on Homozygous Twin Astronauts Associated with Differences in Exposure to Spaceflight Factors)Twins Study - Bailey (Differential Effects on Telomeres and Telomerase in Twin Astronauts Associated with Spaceflight)Twins Study - Basner (HERO Twin Astronaut Study Consortium (TASC) Project: Cognition on Monozygotic Twin on Earth)Twins Study - Feinberg (Comprehensive Whole Genome Analysis of Differential Epigenetic Effects of Space Travel on Monozygotic Twins)Twins Study - Lee (Metabolomic and Genomic Markers of Atherosclerosis as Related to Oxidative Stress, Inflammation, and Vascular Function in Twin Astronauts)Twins Study - Mason (The Landscape of DNA and RNA Methylation Before, During, and After Human Space Travel)Twins Study - Mignot (HERO Twin Astronaut Study Consortium (TASC): Immunome Changes in Space)Twins Study - Rana (Proteomic Assessment of Fluid Shifts and Association with Visual Impairment and Intracranial Pressure in Twin Astronauts)Twins Study - Smith (Biochemical Profile: Homozygous Twin Control for a 12 Month Space Flight Exposure)Twins Study - Snyder (HERO Twin Astronaut Study Consortium (TASC) Project: Longitudinal Integrated Multi-omics Analysis of the Biomolecular Effects of Space Travel)Twins Study - Turek (Metagenomic Sequencing of the Bacteriome in GI Tract of Twin Astronauts)^ back to topUUBNT (Ultrasonic Background Noise Test)UD Space Suit Layup (Improved EVA Suit MMOD Protection using STF-ArmorTM and self-healing polymers)Universal Battery Charger (Universal Battery Charger)UPA (Urine Processor Assembly Hardware Improvements)Uragan-GC (Hurricane-GC) (Hurricane: Experimental Development of Groundbased System of Monitoring and Predicting the Progression of a Naturally Occurring Technogenic Catastrophe)URC-Microbial-1 (University Research Centers - Microbial - 1)UTBI (Under The Background Influence)^ back to topVV-C REFLEX (Plastic alteration of vestibulo-cardiovascular reflex and its countermeasure)Vaktsina-K (Vaccine-K) (Structural Study of Protein Candidats in a Vaccine for AIDS on Earth and in Space)Vascular (Cardiovascular Health Consequences of Long-Duration Space Flight)Vascular Echo (Cardiac and Vessel Structure and Function with Long-Duration Space Flight and Recovery)VCAM (Vehicle Cabin Atmosphere Monitor)Veg-01 (Veggie hardware validation test)Veg-03 (Veg-03)Vektor-T (Study of a High Precision System for Prediction Motion of ISS)Vessel ID System (Vessel ID System)Vessel Imaging (Vascular Echography)VIABLE ISS (eValuatIon And monitoring of microBiofiLms insidE International Space Station)VIIP (Vision Impairment and Intracranial Pressure)Visual Performance (Human Factors Assessment of Vibration Effects on Visual Performance During Launch)VO2max (Evaluation of Maximal Oxygen Uptake and Submaximal Estimates of VO2max Before, During, and After Long Duration International Space Station Missions)Volny-PK-1 (Waves-PK-1) (Waves: Observation in near Infrared Spectral Band Undulatory Disturbance in the Middle Atmosphere Layers of the Earth of Technogenic and Naturally Occurring Origin)Vsplesk (Burst) (Burst: Monitoring of Seismic Effects - Bursts of High Energy Particles in Low Earth Space Region (Orbit))Vzaimodeistvie (Interaction) (Interactions: Monitoring of Space Crew Interactions During Extended Space Flight)Vzglyad (Photographing the Interior of ISS)^ back to topWWAICO (Waving and Coiling of Arabidopsis Roots at Different g-levels)Water Monitoring Suite (Water Monitoring Suite)Wearable Monitoring (Wearable System for Sleep Monitoring in Microgravity)Windows on Earth (Windows on Earth)WISENET (WISENET)WMHP (Miniature Wire Heat Pipes: Study of the Processes of Fluid Dynamics in Microgravity)^ back to topXXenon1 (Effect of Microgravity on the Peripheral Subcutaneous Veno-Arteriolar Reflex in Humans)^ back to topYYeast-GAP (Yeast-Group Activation Packs)YouTube Space Lab (YouTube Space Lab)^ back to topZZag (Ambiguous Tilt and Translation Motion Cues After Space Flight)ZBOT (Zero Boil-Off Tank)ZCG (Zeolite Crystal Growth)Zebrafish Muscle (Effects of the gravity on maintenance of muscle mass in zebrafish)Zhenshen-T (Ginseng-T) (Study of the Development of Cell Cultures to Evaluate the Possibily of Increasing Biological Activity)ZPM (International Space Station Zero-Propellant Maneuver (ZPM) Demonstration)Zvyozdnaya Pochta (Starmail) (ISS Russian Segment Downlink of Text Messages and Earth Pictures)NASA - Experiment List - Alphabetical

- Research how long duration space travel might work- How plants grow in space- 3D printing in spaceHere are the restI got the following list from this NASA webpage: NASA - Experiment List - Alphabetical2D-NanoTemplate (Production of Two Dimensional NanoTemplate in Microgravity)3D Printing In Zero-G (3D Printing In Zero-G Technology Demonstration)3D-Space (Mental Representation of Spatial Cues During Space Flight)3DA1 Camcorder (Panasonic 3D Camera)ACE-H-1 (Advanced Colloids Experiment-Heated-1)ACE-H-2 (Advanced Colloids Experiment-Heated-2)ACE-M-1 (Advanced Colloids Experiment-Microscopy-1)ACE-M-2 (Advanced Colloids Experiment-Microscopy-2)ACE-M-3 (Advanced Colloids Experiment-Microscopy-3)ACE-T-1 (Advanced Colloids Experiment-Temperature control-1)ACE-T-5-Bijels (Advanced Colloids Experiment-Temperature-5 Bijels)Actin (Role of Weightlessness on Metabolism)ADF-Otolith (Avian Development Facility - Development and Function of the Avian Otolith System in Normal Altered Gravity Environments)ADF-Skeletal (Avian Development Facility - Skeletal Development in Embryonic Quail)ADUM (Advanced Diagnostic Ultrasound in Microgravity)ADVASC (Advanced AstrocultureTM)AES-1 (Antibiotic Effectiveness in Space-1)AgCam (Agricultural Camera - AgCam name used historically from 2005-2010, later version known as ISSAC)Ageing (Drosophila Motility, Behaviour and Ageing)AIRWAY MONITORING (AIRWAY MONITORING)Akustika-M (Acoustics-M) (Acoustical Investigation of Voice and Audio Links (Conncections) of the Crew on ISS)Akvarium (Aquarium) (Study of the Stability of a Model of Self-Contained (Closed) Ecological System and Elements, Included in the Model in Microgravity)Alloy Semiconductor (Crystal Growth of Alloy Semiconductor Under Microgravity)ALTCRISS (Alteino Long Term Cosmic Ray Measurements on board the International Space Station)ALTEA (Anomalous Long Term Effects in Astronauts' Central Nervous System)ALTEA-Dosi (Anomalous Long Term Effects in Astronauts' - Dosimetry)ALTEA-GAP (Anomalous Long Term Effects in Astronauts' Central Nervous System-GAP)ALTEA-Shield (Anomalous Long Term Effects in Astronauts' Central Nervous System - Shield)Alteino (Space Radiation Effects on the Central Nervous System)Amine Swingbed (Amine Swingbed)AMO-EXPRESS (Autonomous Mission Operations EXPRESS Autonomous Operations Project)AMO-TOCA (Autonomous Mission Operations TOCA Autonomous Operations Project)Amphibody (The Antibody V(D)J Recombination Machinery in Normal and Altered Gravity)AMS-02 (Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer - 02)ANDE-2 (Atmospheric Neutral Density Experiment - 2)Aniso Tubule (Roles of cortical microtubules and microtubule-associated proteins in gravity-induced growth modification of plant stems)ANITA (Analyzing Interferometer for Ambient Air)Antigen (Antigene) (Optimization of Heterological Expresssion in Yeasts-True Yeasts in Microgravity for Example Synthesis of the HBS Antigen of the Virus Hepatitis B)APCF-Camelids (Advanced Protein Crystallization Facility - Extraordinary Structural Features of Antibodies from Camelids)APCF-Crystal Growth (Advanced Protein Crystallization Facility - Solution Flows and Molecular Disorder of Protein Crystals: Growth of High Quality Crystals, Motions of Lumazin Crystals and Growth of Ferritin Crystals)APCF-Crystal Quality (Advanced Protein Crystallization Facility - Effect of Different Growth Conditions on the Quality of Thaumatin and Aspartyl-tRNA Synthetase Crystals Grown in Microgravity)APCF-Lipoprotein (Advanced Protein Crystallization Facility - Crystallization of Human Low Density Lipoprotein (LDL) Subfractions in Microgravity)APCF-Lysozyme (Advanced Protein Crystallization Facility - Testing New Trends in Microgravity Protein Crystallization)APCF-Octarellins (Advanced Protein Crystallization Facility - Crystallization of the Next Generation of Octarellins)APCF-PPG10 (Advanced Protein Crystallization Facility - Protein Crystallization in Microgravity, Collagen Model (X-Y-Gly) Polypeptides - the case of (Pro-Pro-Gly) 10)APCF-Rhodopsin (Advanced Protein Crystallization Facility - Crystallization of Rhodopsin in Microgravity)APEX-02-2 (Advanced Plant EXperiments-02-2)APEX-03-1 (Advanced Plant EXperiments 03-1)APEX-03-2 TAGES-Isa (Transgenic Arabidopsis Gene Expression System - Intracellular Signaling Architecture)APEX-04 (Epigenetic change in Arabidopsis thaliana in response to spaceflight - differential cytosine DNA methylation of plants on the ISS)APEX-CSA2 (Advanced Plant Experiment - Canadian Space Agency 2)AQH Microscope Checkout (AQH Microscope Checkout)Area PADLES (Area Passive Dosimeter for Life-Science Experiments in Space)ARIL-1 (Influencing Factors of Space Flight on Expression of Strains of Interleukin-1)ARIS-ICE (Active Rack Isolation System - ISS Characterization Experiment)ARTE (Advanced Research Thermal Passive Exchange)Astro Palate (Factors Contributing to Food Acceptability and Consumption, Mood and Stress on Long-Term Space Missions)Astrovaktsina (Cultivation in Weightless of E.coli- Producer of the Caf1 Protein)At Home in Space (Culture, Values, and Environmental Adaptation in Space)AT-Space (Arabidopsis Thaliana in Space: Perception of Gravity, Signal Transduction and Graviresponse in Higher Plants)ATOMIZATION (Detailed validation of the new atomization concept derived from drop tower experiments--Aimed at developing a turbulent atomization simulator)AuroraMAX (Coordinated Aurora Photography from Earth and Space (AuroraMAX))Avatar Explore (Avatar Explore: Autonomous Robotic Operations Performed from the ISS)^ back to topBBacteriophage (Investigation of the Effects of Space Flight Factors on Bacteriophages)Bar-1 (Choice and Development of Methods and Instruments to Detect the Location of a Loss of Pressurization of a Module on ISS)BASE-A (Bacterial Acclimation and Adaptation to the Space Environment Conditions-A)BASS (Burning and Suppression of Solids)BASS-II (Burning and Suppression of Solids - II)BASS-M (Burning and Suppression of Solids-Milliken)BBND (Bonner Ball Neutron Detector)BCAT-3-4-CP (Binary Colloidal Alloy Test - 3 and 4: Critical Point)BCAT-3-BA (Binary Colloidal Alloy Test - 3: Binary Alloys)BCAT-3-SC (Binary Colloidal Alloy Test - 3: Surface Crystallization)BCAT-4-Poly (Binodal Colloidal Aggregation Test - 4: Polydispersion)BCAT-5-3D-Melt (Binary Colloidal Alloy Test - 5: Three-Dimensional Melt)BCAT-5-Compete (Binary Colloidal Alloy Test - 5: Compete)BCAT-5-PhaseSep (Binary Colloidal Alloy Test-5: Phase Separation)BCAT-5-Seeded Growth (Binary Colloidal Alloy Test - 5: Seeded Growth)BCAT-6-Colloidal Disks (Binary Colloidal Alloy Test - 6 - Colloidal Disks)BCAT-6-Phase Separation (Binary Colloidal Alloy Test - 6 - Phase Separation)BCAT-6-PS-DNA (Binary Colloidal Alloy Test - 6: Polystyrene - Deoxyribonucleic Acid)BCAT-6-Seeded Growth (Binary Colloidal Alloy Test - 6: Seeded Growth)BCAT-C1 (Binary Colloidal Alloy Test - C1)BCAT-KP-1-Critical Point (Binary Colloidal Alloy Test Low Gravity Phase Kinetics-Critical Point)BCAT-KP1-Shelf Life (Binary Colloidal Alloy Test Low Gravity Phase Kinetics-1-Product Shelf Life)BEAM (Bigelow Expandable Activity Module)Bif (Investigation of the Effects of Space Flight Factors on the Technological and Biomedical Characteristics of Bifidobacterium)BIMS (Assessment of the Efficiency of the Use of Telemedicine Technologies On-Board ISS)Biochem Profile (Biochemical Profile)Biodegradatsia-1 (Biodegradation-1) (Initial stage of Biodegradation and Biodeterioration in Space)Bioekologia-M (Bioecology-M) (Generation of High Efficiency of Microorganisms for the Production of Preparations of Biodegradable Oil, Organophosphorus Material, Measures for the Protection of Plants, as well as, of Exopolysaddharides Uses in the Petroleum Industry)Bioemulsia-Bioreactor-1 (Research and Development of a Self-Contained Reactor of the Shielded Type For Production of Biomass of Microorganisms and Biologically Active Substances)Biokin-4 (Microbial Growth Kinetics Under Conditions of Microgravity)BIOKIS (BIOKon In Space)Biokultura (Bioculture) (Effects of Space Radiation on Food Biocultures)Biological Rhythms (The Effect of Long-term Microgravity Exposure on Cardiac Autonomic Function by Analyzing 24-hours Electrocardiogram)Biological Rhythms 48hrs (The effect of long-term microgravity exposure on cardiac autonomic function by analyzing 48-hours electrocardiogram)Biological Rhythms 48hrs (for 1YM) (The effect of long-term microgravity exposure on cardiac autonomic function by analyzing 48-hours electrocardiogram (for 1YM))Biopsy (Effect of Prolonged Space Flight on Human Skeletal Muscle)Biorisk-KM-metally (metals) and Biorisk-KM-polimery (polimers) (Influence of Factors of the Space Environment on the Condition of the System of Microorganisms-Hosts Relating to the Problem of Environmental Safety of Flight Techniques and Planetary Quarantine)Biosfera (Investigation of a Closed Ecological System)Biotest (Biochemical Status of Humans in Long Duration Space Flight)Biotrack-A (Influence of the Flow of Heavily Charged Particles of Space Radiation on Gentic Properties of Cell Production)Biotube-MICRO (Biotube-Magnetophoretically Induced Curvature in Roots)BISE (Bodies In the Space Environment: Relative Contributions of Internal and External Cues to Self - Orientation, During and After Zero Gravity Exposure)Bisphosphonates (Bisphosphonates as a Countermeasure to Space Flight Induced Bone Loss)Blind and Imagined (SLINK: move Short bLind plus shrink - Moving blind and throwing an imagery ball)BLT (Boundary Layer Transition, Detailed Test Objective 854)Body Measures (Quantification of In-Flight Physical Changes - Anthropometry and Neutral Body Posture)Bone Densitometer Validation (Bone Densitometer Hardware Validation)BONEMAC (Differentiation of Bone Marrow Macrophages in Space)BOP (Bone Proteomics)BP Reg (A Simple In-flight Method to Test the Risk of Fainting on Return to Earth After Long-Duration Spaceflights)BPS (Biomass Production System)Brados (Acquisition of Data About the Radiological, Electromagnetic and Different Physical Environments on Board ISS, and Their Effects on the Safety of the Crew, Space Equipment and Materials)Brain-DTI (Brain-DTI)Braslet (Validation of On-Orbit Methodology for the Assessment of Cardiac Function and Changes in the Circulating Volume Using Ultrasound and Braslet-M Occlusion Cuffs, SDTO 17011 U/R)BRIC-16-Cytoskeleton (Biological Research In Canisters - 16: Investigations of the plant cytoskeleton in microgravity with gene profiling and cytochemistry)BRIC-16-DNA (Biological Research In Canisters - 16: The Impact of Spaceflight on Arabidopsis: Deep Sequencing and DNA Arrays as Collaborative Readouts of the Transcriptome of Arabidopsis Seedlings and Undifferentiated Cells in Space)BRIC-16-Regulation (Biological Research In Canisters -16: Actin Regulation of Arabidopsis Root Growth and Orientation During Space Flight)BRIC-17-1 (Biological Research In Canisters-17-1: Undifferentiated Cell development in Arabidopsis plants in Microgravity)BRIC-17-2 (Biological Research in Canisters-17-2: Understanding Anoxic Response in Arabidopsis)BRIC-18-1 (Development of Multiple Antibiotic Resistance By Opportunistic Bacterial Pathogens During Human Space Flight)BRIC-18-2 (Mechanisms for plant adaptation to space environment)BRIC-19 (Biological Research in Canisters-19)BRIC-20 (Biological Research in Canisters-20)BRIC-21 (Biological Research in Canisters-21 (BRIC-21))BRIC-SyNRGE (Biological Research in Canisters Symbiotic Nodulation in a Reduced Gravity Environment)BTN-Neutron-Radiation-ISS (Examination of the Flow of High Speed and Thermal Neutrons)Buzz Lightyear (Buzz Lightyear)^ back to topCCALET (CALorimetric Electron Telescope)Cambium (Cambium)Capillary Beverage (Capillary Effects of Drinking in the Microgravity Environment)CARA (Molecular Biology of Plant Development in the Space Flight Environment)Card (Long Term Microgravity: A Model for Investigating Mechanisms of Heart Disease with New Portable Equipment)Cardio Ox (Defining the Relationship Between Biomarkers of Oxidative and Inflammatory Stress and the Risk for Atherosclerosis in Astronauts During and After Long-duration Spaceflight)Cardio-ODNT (Dynamics of the Main Factors of Cardiac Function, of Central and Regional Circulation in Rest and During the Influence of Lower Body Negative Pressure)Cardiocog-2 (Cognitive Cardiovascular Experiment)CardioRespir (Cardiorespiratory Adaptation to the Space Environment)CardioScience (Study of Cardiovascular Deconditioning Under Weightlessness Conditions)CARTILAGE (CARTILAGE)CASIS PCG 3 (CASIS PCG 3)CASIS PCG HDPCG-1 (Crystallization of Huntingtin Exon 1 Using Microgravity)CASIS PCG HDPCG-2 (Advancing Membrane Protein Crystallization By Using Microgravity)CASPER (Cardiac Adapted Sleep Parameter Electrocardiogram Recorder)CATS (Cloud-Aerosol Transport System)CBOSS-01-02-Renal (Cellular Biotechnology Operations Support Systems: Human Renal Cortical Cell Differentiation and Hormone Production)CBOSS-01-Colon (Cellular Biotechnology Operations Support Systems: Use of NASA Bioreactor to Study Cell Cycle Regulation: Mechanisms of Colon Carcinoma Metastasis in Microgravity)CBOSS-01-Ovarian (Cellular Biotechnology Operations Support Systems: Evaluation of Ovarian Tumor Cell Growth and Gene Expression)CBOSS-01-PC12 (Cellular Biotechnology Operations Support Systems: PC12 Pheochromocytoma Cells - A Proven Model System for Optimizing 3-D Cell Culture Biotechnology in Space)CBOSS-02-Erythropoietin (Cellular Biotechnology Operations Support Systems: Production of Recombinant Human Erythropoietin by Mammalian Cells)CBOSS-02-HLT (Cellular Biotechnology Operations Support Systems: The Effect of Microgravity on the Immune Function of Human Lymphoid Tissue)CBOSS-FDI (Cellular Biotechnology Operations Support Systems: Fluid Dynamics Investigation)CBTM (Commercial Biomedical Testing Module: Effects of Osteoprotegerin on Bone Maintenance in Microgravity)CBTM-2 (Commercial Biomedical Test Module - 2)CBTM-3-Sclerostin Antibody (Commercial Biomedical Testing Module-3: Assessment of sclerostin antibody as a novel bone forming agent for prevention of spaceflight-induced skeletal fragility in mice)CBTM-3-Vascular Atrophy (Commercial Biomedical Testing Module-3: STS-135 space flight's affects on vascular atrophy in the hind limbs of mice)CCE (Cardiovascular Responses During Rest and Exercise, and Evaluation of Energy Inputs During Exercise)CCF (Capillary Channel Flow)CCISS (Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Control on Return from ISS)CCM-Immune Response (Cell Culture Module - Immune Response of Human Monocytes in Microgravity)CCM-Wound Repair (Cell Culture Module - Effect of Microgravity on Wound Repair: In Vitro Model of New Blood Vessel Development)Celebral Autoregulation (Human Cerebral Autoregulation during Long-duration Spaceflight)Cell Bio Tech Demo (Cell Bio Tech Demo)Cell Mechanosensing (Identification of gravity-transducers in skeletal muscle cells: Physiological relevance of tension fluctuations in plasma membrane)Cell Shape and Expression (Microgravity and Cells: Morphotype and Phenotype Correlation)Cell Wall (Reverse Genetic Approach to Exploring Genes Responsible for Cell Wall Dynamics in Supporting Tissues of Arabidopsis Under Microgravity Conditions)Cemex (Assessment of the Technical Characteristics of a Capillary Evaporator in Microgravity)CEO (Crew Earth Observations)CEO-IPY (Crew Earth Observations - International Polar Year)Cerebral Autoregulation (Human cerebral autoregulation during long-duration spaceflight)CERISE (RNA Interference and Protein Phosphorylation in Space Environment Using the Nematode Caenorhabditis elegans)CETSOL-2 (Columnar-to-Equiaxed Transition in Solidification Processing-2)CFE (Capillary Flow Experiment)CFE-2 (Capillary Flow Experiment - 2)CFS-A (Growth and Survival of Colored Fungi in Space)CGBA-APS (Commercial Generic Bioprocessing Apparatus - Antibiotic Production in Space)CGBA-KCGE (Commercial Generic Bioprocessing Apparatus - Kidney Cell Gene Expression)CGBA-SM (Commercial Generic Bioprocessing Apparatus - Synaptogenesis in Microgravity)Check-Saliva (Salivary Markers of Metabolic Changes during Space Missions)Chondro (Study on the Development of Methods to Produce Artificial Cartilage)Chromosome-1 (Chromosomal Aberrations in Blood Lymphocytes of Astronauts-1)Chromosome-2 (Cytogenetic Effects of Ionizing Radiation in Peripheral Lymphocytes of ISS Crewmembers)Circa (24-Hour Pattern of Blood Pressure and Heart Rate in Weightlessness)Circadian Rhythms (Circadian Rhythms)CIS (Effect of Microgravity and Radiation on Eukaryotic, Endothelial and Osteoblasts)Clinical Nutrition Assessment (Clinical Nutrition Assessment of ISS Astronauts, SMO-016E)Cogni (Cognitive Process for 3-D Orientation perception and Navigation in Weightlessness)Cognition (Individualized Real-Time Neurocognitive Assessment Toolkit for Space Flight Fatigue)Comm Delay Assessment (Assessing the Impact of Communication Delay on Behavioral Health and Performance: An Examination of Autonomous Operations Utilizing the International Space Station)Communications and Outreach 2-ARISS (Communications and Outreach 2 - ARISS)Communications and Outreach 2-Podcasts (Communications and Outreach 2 - Podcasts)Communications and Outreach-2 Flight Kit Photos (Communications and Outreach-2 Flight Kit Photos)CPCF-2 (Commercial Protein Crystallization Factory - 2: Producing Protein Crystals with Highly Refined Crystal Structure for the Development of New-Generation Medicines)CPCG-H (Commercial Protein Crystal Growth - High Density)CPCG-HM (Commercial Protein Crystal Growth - High density protein crystal growth Modified)CRE-1 (Component Repair Experiment - 1, SDTO 17012U)CRUISE (CRUISE)CSA Comm and Outreach (Canadian Space Agency Communication and Outreach)CSI-01 (Commercial Generic Bioprocessing Apparatus Science Insert - 01: C. elegans and Seed Germination)CSI-02 (Commercial Generic Bioprocessing Apparatus Science Insert - 02: Silicate Garden, Seed Germination, Plant Cell Culture and Yeast)CSI-03 (Commercial Generic Bioprocessing Apparatus Science Insert - 03: Spiders and Butterflies)CSI-05 (Commercial Generic Bioprocessing Apparatus Science Insert - 05: Spiders, Fruit Flies and Directional Plant Growth)CSI-06 (Commercial Generic Bioprocessing Apparatus Science Insert - 06: Ants in Space)CSLM-2 (Coarsening in Solid Liquid Mixtures-2)CSLM-3 (Coarsening in Solid Liquid Mixtures-3)CSLM-4 (Coarsening in Solid Liquid Mixtures-4)CsPINs (Dynamism of Auxin Efflux Facilitators, CsPINs, Responsible for Gravity-regulated Growth and Development in Cucumber)Cult (Cultural Determinations of Co-working, Performance and Error Management in Space Operations)CVB (Constrained Vapor Bubble)CVB-2 (Constrained Vaper Bubble-2)Cyclops Demo (Cyclops Hardware Validation Demonstration)CYTOSKELETON (CYTOSKELETON)^ back to topDDAFT (Dust and Aerosol Measurement Feasibility Test)DCPCG (Dynamically Controlled Protein Crystal Growth)DECLIC DSI-R (DEvice for the study of Critical LIquids and Crystallization - Directional Solidification Insert-Reflight)DECLIC HTI-R (DEvice for the study of Critical LIquids and Crystallization - High Temperature Insert-Reflight)DECLIC-ALI (DEvice for the study of Critical LIquids and Crystallization - Alice Like Insert)DECLIC-DSI (DEvice for the study of Critical LIquids and Crystallization - Directional Solidification Insert)DECLIC-HTI (DEvice for the study of Critical LIquids and Crystallization - High Temperature Insert)DIAPASON (Very high-accuracy environmental automatic control, and pollution monitoring and recording.)Diatomeya (Diatom) (Stability of Geographical Position and Configuration of Borders of Bioproductive Water Zones of the World Oceans, Observations by Orbiting Station Crews)Diurez (Diuresis) (Fluid and Electrolyte Metabolism and Hormonal Regulaltion of Fluid Volume)DNARM (DNA Repair in Microgravity: Investigation of the Effects of High Levels of Radiation on DNA Repair Mechanisms in Microgravity)DOD SPHERES-CSAC (Department of Defense Synchronized Position, Hold, Engage, Reorient, Experimental Satellites-Chip Scale Atomic Clock)DOD SPHERES-RINGS (Department of Defense Synchronized Position, Hold, Engage, Reorient, Experimental Satellites-RINGS)DomeGene (Dome Gene Experiment)Dose Tracker (Dose Tracker Application for Monitoring Medication Usage, Symptoms, and Adverse Effects During Missions)DOSIS-3D (Dose Distribution Inside the International Space Station - 3D)DOSIS-DOBIES (Dose Distribution Inside ISS - Dosimetry for Biological Experiments in Space)DOSMAP (Dosimetric Mapping)DOSTEL (DOSimetry TELescopes)DRAGONSat (Dual RF Astrodynamic GPS Orbital Navigator Satellite)Drain Brain (Strain-gauge Plethysmographic Analysis of the CErebral DRainage Experimented and Assessed in the Micro-gravitational Setting)DREAMTiME (DREAMTiME)Drug Metabolism (Repurposing Metformin as an anti-cancer agent: microgravity studies in Saccharomyces cerevisiae)DTN (Disruption Tolerant Networking for Space Operations)Dykhanie (Regulation and Biomechanics of Respiration in Space Flight)Dynamic Surf (Experimental Assessment of Dynamic Surface Deformation Effects in Transition to Oscillatory Thermo capillary Flow in Liquid Bridge of High Prandtl Number Fluid)^ back to topEE-Learning (Electronic - Learning)EDOS (Early Detection of Osteoporosis in Space)Education-SA (Education - South Africa: Demonstration of Mass and Weight of Objects, and Action of Reactive Forces in Microgravity)Education-SEEDS (Space Exposed Experiment Developed for Students)Education-Solar Cells (Education - How Solar Cells Work)EKE (Assessment of Endurance Capacity by Gas Exchange and Heart Rate Kinetics During Physical Training)Ekon (Experimental Survey on Evaluating the Possibility of Using the Russian Segment of ISS for Environmental Inspection of Work Areas of Various Facilities (Features))ELITE-S2 (ELaboratore Immagini TElevisive - Space 2)Embryo Rad (Lifetime Heritable Effect of Space Radiation on Mouse embryos Preserved for a long-term in ISS)EMCH (Elastic Memory Composite Hinge)EML Batch 1 - CCEMLCC Experiment (EML Batch 1 - CCEMLCC Experiment)EML Batch 1 - COOLCOP Experiment (EML Batch 1 - COOLCOP Experiment)EML Batch 1 - MAGNEPHAS Experiment (EML Batch 1 - MAGNEPHAS Experiment)EML Batch 1 - METCOMP Experiment (EML Batch 1 - METCOMP Experiment)EML Batch 1 - NEQUISOL Experiment (EML Batch 1 - NEQUISOL Experiment)EML Batch 1 - SEMITHERM Experiment (EML Batch 1 - SEMITHERM Experiment)EML Batch 1 - THERMOLAB Experiment (EML Batch 1 - THERMOLAB Experiment)Endothelial Cells (Effects of Spaceflight on endothelial function: molecular and cellular characterization of interactions between genome transcription, DNA damage and induction of cell senescence)Energy (Astronaut's Energy Requirements for Long-Term Space Flight)ENose (JPL Electronic Nose)Epigenetics (Epigenetics in spaceflown C. elegans)EPO (Education Payload Operations)EPO-Demos (Education Payload Operation-Demonstrations)EPO-Educator (Education Payload Operations-Educator)EPO-Kit C (Education Payload Operations - Kit C: Plant Growth Chambers)EPO-Kit D (Education Payload Operation - Kit D)EPO-Lewis and Clark-Demo (Education Payload Operations- Lewis and Clark- Demonstrations)EPO-MAEA (Education Payload Operations-Museum Aerospace Education Alliance)EPO-Robo (Education Payload Operations - Robotics)EPO-Tomatosphere II (Education Payload Operations-Tomatosphere II)Epstein-Barr (Space Flight Induced Reactivation of Latent Epstein-Barr Virus)ERB (Erasmus Recording Binocular)ERB-2 (Erasmus Recording Binocular - 2)ESA NightPod (ESA NightPod)ESA-EPO (European Space Agency - Education Payload Operations)ESA-EPO-Convection (European Space Agency-Education Payload Operations-Convection)ESA-EPO-Cristoforetti (European Space Agency-Education Payload Operations-Convection-Cristoforetti)ESA-EPO-FLYING CLASSROOM (EPO-FLYING CLASSROOM)ESA-EPO-FOAM Stability (European Space Agency-Education Payload Operations-FOAM Stability)ESA-EPO-GERST (European Space Agency - Education Payload Operations GERST)ESA-EPO-LaPlace (European Space Agency-Education Payload Operations -LaPlace)ESA-EPO-Mission X (European Space Agency-Education Payload Operations-Mission X)ESA-EPO-PARMITANO (European Space Agency-Education Payload Operations-PARMITANO)ESA-EPO-Peake (European Space Agency-Education Payload Operation-Peake)ESA-EPO-Scripts (European Space Agency-Education Payload Operations-Scripts)ESA-GCF (European Space Agency - Granada Crystallisation Facility)ESA-Haptics-1 (ESA-Haptics-1)ESCD (Study of Embryonic and Stem Cell Development in Microgravity)ETD (Eye Tracking Device)EuTEF-EVC (European Technology Exposure Facility-Earth Viewing Camera)EVARM (A Study of Radiation Doses Experienced by Astronauts in EVA)Exerc-Orthostatic Tolerance (Structured Exercise Training as Countermeasure to Space Flight-Induced Orthostatic Intolerance)ExHAM-Array Mark (On-orbit demonstration of target marker for space robotics)ExHAM-CFRP Mirror (Space Environmental Testing of Lightweight and High-Precision Carbon Composite Mirrors)ExHAM-MDM2 (Material Degradation Monitor on ExHAM)ExHAM-PEEK (Space Environmental Testing of PEEK and PFA sample)ExHAM-Solar Sail (Space Environment Exposure Tests of Functional Thin-Film Devices for Solar Sail)Expert-1 (Investigation of Early Symptoms of Microdestruction of Structures and Instrument Modules in the Russian Segment of ISS)Expose-E (Expose-E)Expose-R (Expose-R)EXPPCS (EXPRESS Physics of Colloids in Space)ExPRESS Payload Simulator (ExPRESS Payload Simulator)^ back to topFFacet (Investigation of Mechanism of Faceted Cellular Array Growth)FASES (Fundamental and Applied Studies of Emulsion Stability)FASTER (Facility for Absorption and Surface Tension)Ferulate (Regulation by Gravity of Ferulate Formation in Cell Walls of Rice Seedlings)Field Test (Recovery of Functional Sensorimotor Performance Following Long Duration Space Flight)Fine Motor Skills (Effects of Long-Duration Microgravity on Fine Motor Skills: 1 year ISS Investigation)FIS (Sensory (Taste) Evaluation of Malaysian Food on Earth and in Space)Fischer Rat Thyroid Low Serum 5 (Fischer Rat Thyroid Low Serum 5%)Fish Scales (Investigation of the Osteoclastic and Osteoblastic Responses to Microgravity Using Goldfish Scales)FIT (Fungal Pathogenesis, Tumorigenesis, and Effects of Host Immunity in Space)Fizika-Obrazovanie (Educational Demonstration of Basic Physics Laws of Motion)Flatworm Regeneration (KS5: Role of Gravity and Geomagnetic Field in Flatworm Regeneration)FLEX (Flame Extinguishment Experiment)FLEX-2 (Flame Extinguishment Experiment - 2)FLEX-2J (Flame Extinguishment Experiment -2 JAXA)Fluid Shifts (Fluid Shifts Before, During and After Prolonged Space Flight and Their Association with Intracranial Pressure and Visual Impairment)FMVM (Fluid Merging Viscosity Measurement)Foam (Viscous Liquid Foam - Bulk Metallic Glass)Foam-Stability (Foam Optics And Mechanics - Stability)FOB (Forward Osmosis Bag)FOCUS (Foam Casting and Utilization in Space)Foot (Foot Reaction Forces During Space Flight)Force Shoes (In-flight Demonstration of Portable Load Monitoring Devices-Phase I: XSENS ForceShoeTM)Free-Space PADLES (Space Radiation Dosimeter by Free-Space PADLES in ISS JEM Exposed area)Fruit Fly Lab-01 (FFL-01) (ARC ISS Drosophila Experiment)Functional Task Test (Physiological Factors Contributing to Postflight Changes in Functional Performance)^ back to topGGEARRSAT (Globalstar Experiment And Risk Reduction Satellite)Gematologia (Haematology) (Morphofunctional Characteristic of Blood Cells and the Intensity of Erythropoiesis in Humans by the Influence of Factors of Space Flight)Genara-A (Gravity Related Genes in Arabidopsis - A)Geoflow-1 (Simulation of Geophysical Fluid Flow Under Microgravity-1)Geoflow-2 (Simulation of Geophysical Fluid Flow Under Microgravity - 2)Get Fit for Space (Get Fit for Space Challenge with Bob Thirsk)Glykoproteid-K (Extraction and Investigation of surface glycoproteins E1-E2 Alphavirises on Earth and in Space)Golf (Photo and Video Filming Onboard the Russian Segment of ISS)Gosum (Comparison of Seed Growth on Earth and in Space)Gravi-2 (Threshold Acceleration for Gravisensing - 2)Group Combustion (Elucidation of Flame Spread and Group Combustion Excitation Mechanism of Randomly-distributed Droplet Clouds)GTS-2 (Global Transmission Services 2)^ back to topHH-Reflex (Effects of Altered Gravity on Spinal Cord Excitability)Habitability (Habitability Assessment of International Space Station)Hair (Biomedical Analyses of Human Hair Exposed to a Long-term Space Flight)HDEV (High Definition Earth Viewing)Heart (Physiological Parameters that Predict Orthostatic Intolerance After Spaceflight)HET-Smartphone (Human Exploration Telerobotics Smartphone)Hicari (Growth of Homogeneous SiGe Crystals in Microgravity by the TLZ Method)HiMassSEE (Spacecraft Single Event Environments at High Shielding Mass)Hip QCT (Feasibility Study: QCT Modality for Risk Surveillance of Bone - Effects of In-flight Countermeasures on Sub-regions of the Hip Bone)HMD (Demonstration of Head Mounted Display (HMD) System for Crew)Holter ECG (Digital Holter ECG)HPA (Hand Posture Analyzer)HREP-HICO (HICO and RAIDS Experiment Payload - Hyperspectral Imager for the Coastal Ocean)HREP-RAIDS (HICO and RAIDS Experiment Payload - Remote Atmospheric and Ionospheric Detection System (RAIDS))HTV-Environmental Monitoring (Transport Environment Monitoring Package at HTV Cargo Transfer Bag)Hybrid Training (Effect of the Hybrid Training Method on the Disuse Atrophy of the Musculoskeletal System of the Astronauts Staying in the International Space Station for a Long Term-initial verification in ISS)HydroTropi (Hydrotropism and Auxin-Inducible Gene expression in Roots Grown Under Microgravity Conditions)Hypersole (Cutaneous Hypersensitivity and Balance Control in Humans)^ back to topII BALL (Reentry data acquisition using I Ball Reentry Recorder)I-APE (Italian-Astronaut Personal Eye)I-ENOS (Italian-Electronic NOse for Space exploration)I-FOAM (Italian-Foam)Ice Crystal (Pattern Formation during Ice Crystal Growth)Ice Crystal 2 (Crystal growth mechanisms associated with the macromolecules adsorbed at a growing interface - Microgravity effect for self-oscillatory growth - 2)ICE-First-Aging (International Caenorhabditis elegans Experiment First Flight-Aging)ICE-First-Apoptosis (International Caenorhabditis elegans Experiment First Flight-Apoptosis)ICE-First-Cells (International Caenorhabditis elegans Experiment First Flight-Cells)ICE-First-Development (International Caenorhabditis elegans Experiment First Flight-Development)ICE-First-Genomics (International Caenorhabditis elegans Experiment First Flight-Genomics)ICE-First-Muscle Proteins (International Caenorhabditis elegans Experiment First Flight-Muscle Proteins)ICE-First-Radiobiology (International Caenorhabditis elegans Experiment First Flight-Radiobiology)ICE-GA (Italian Combustion Experiment for Green Air)Identifikatsia (Identification) (Identification of the Sources of Dynamic Loads on ISS)IMAX (IMAX Documentary film: A PERFECT PLANET)Imedias (Observation of Environmental Phenomena)Immuno (Neuroendocrine and Immune Responses in Humans During and After Long Term Stay at ISS)Immuno-2 (Immuno-2)Impuls (1st stage)-IPO (Impulse (1st stage)-IPO) (Impulse)In-flight Education Downlinks (International Space Station In-flight Education Downlinks)InfoTekh (S Band Radio Signal Passage Through ISS and Test of Data Downlink)Infrazvuk-M (Infrasound-M) (Integrated Research of Electromagnetic and Acoustical Fields of Extremely Low Frequency Bands Inside the Russian Modules on ISS)InSPACE (Investigating the Structure of Paramagnetic Aggregates from Colloidal Emulsions)InSPACE-2 (Investigating the Structure of Paramagnetic Aggregates from Colloidal Emulsions - 2)InSPACE-3 (Investigating the Structure of Paramagnetic Aggregates from Colloidal Emulsions-3)Integrated Cardiovascular (Cardiac Atrophy and Diastolic Dysfunction During and After Long Duration Spaceflight: Functional Consequences for Orthostatic Intolerance, Exercise Capability and Risk for Cardiac Arrhythmias)Integrated Immune (Validation of Procedures for Monitoring Crewmember Immune Function)Integrated Immune-SDBI (Validation of Procedures for Monitoring Crewmember Immune Function - Short Duration Biological Investigation)Interactions (Crewmember and Crew-Ground Interaction During International Space Station Missions)Interfacial Energy 1 (Interfacial phenomena and thermophysical properties of high-temperature liquids-Fundamental research of steel processing using electrostatic levitation)InterleIkin-K (Production of Hight Quality Crystals of Interleukin -1Alpha, -1Beta and Receptor of Antagonist of Interleukin-1)Intervertebral Disc Damage (Risk of Intervertebral Disc Damage after Prolonged Space Flight)IPVI (Non-invasive assessment of intracranial pressure for space flight and related visual impairment)IPVI for 1YM (Non-invasive assessment of intracranial pressure for space flight and related visual impairment)Iris (Image Reversal In Space)ISERV (ISS SERVIR Environmental Research and Visualization System)Iskazhenie (Determination and Analysis of Magnetic Interference on ISS)ISS Acoustics (International Space Station Acoustic Measurement Program)ISS External Leak Locator (ISS Robotic External Ammonia Leak Locator)ISS Ham Radio (ARISS) (International Space Station Ham Radio (also known as Amateur Radio on the International Space Station (ARISS)))ISS High Efficiency Particle Filter Analysis (International Space Station High Efficiency Particle Filter Analysis)ISS Internal Environments (International Space Station Internal Environments)ISS Internal Radiation Monitoring (International Space Station Internal Radiation Monitoring)ISS Medical Monitoring (International Space Station Medical Monitoring)ISS RapidScat (ISS-RapidScat)ISSAC (International Space Station Agricultural Camera)ISSI (In Space Soldering Investigation)ISSpresso (ISSpresso)ISTAR Comm Delay Prep (ISS Testbed for Analog Research Communication Delay Preparation)ISTAR Crew Autonomous Procedures (ISS Testbed for Analog Research Crew Autonomous Procedures)IVA Clothing Study (Intravehicular Activity Clothing Study)IVGEN (IntraVenous Fluid GENeration for Exploration Missions)Izgib (Effect of Performance of Flight and Science Activities on the Function of On-Orbit Systems on ISS (Mathematical Model))Izokinez (Evaluation of Work Capacity and Functions of Skeletal Muscles in Humans)^ back to topJJAXA EPO 1 (Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency Education Payload Observation 1)JAXA EPO 10 (JAXA Education Payload Observation 10)JAXA EPO 12 (JAXA Education Payload Observation 12)JAXA EPO 2 (Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency Education Payload Observation 2)JAXA EPO 3 (Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency Education Payload Observation 3)JAXA EPO 4 (Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency Education Payload Observation 4)JAXA EPO 5 (Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency Education Payload Observation 5)JAXA EPO 6 (Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency Education Payload Observation 6)JAXA EPO 7 (Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency Education Payload Observation 7)JAXA EPO 8 (Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency Education Payload Observation 8)JAXA EPO 9 (Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency Education Payload Observation 9)JAXA PCG (JAXA PCG#11)JAXA PCG Demo (JAXA High Quality Protein Crystal Growth Demonstration Experiment)JAXA-AstroReport (Japan Aerospace and Exploration Agency - Astronaut Report)JAXA-Commercial (Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency - Commercial Payload Program)JAXA-GCF (Japan Aerospace and Exploration Agency - Granada Crystallization Facility High Quality Protein Crystallization Project)JAXA-HDTV (Activation and Test Downlink of HDTV System)Journals (Behavioral Issues Associated with isolation and Confinement: Review and Analysis of Astronaut Journals)^ back to topKKaf (Crystalization of th Protein Caf1M and its Combination with the Terminal Peptide Caf1 as the Elements for the Development of a New Generation of Antimicrobial Medicinal Preparations and Components of Vaccines from Yeasts)Kaskad (Cascade) (Investigation of the Processes of Cultivation of Different Types of Cells)Khlorophyl (Observation of the Chlorophyll Chromatography Process in Weightlessness)Kibo Kids Tour (Kibo Kids Tour)Kids In Micro-g (Kids In Micro-gravity (2009-2010))Kids In Micro-g-2 (Kids In Microgravity-2 (2010-2011))Kikuchi-Kossel (Structure analyses and particle interaction studies of Colloid by laser diffractometry in microgravity)Kolibri-2000 (Hummingbird-2000) (Developmental Testing of the Kolibry Microsatellite Deployment Profile)Konstructor (Filming of Space Robot "Jitter" Assembled out of Legos)Kontur (Contour) (Development of a System of Supervisory Control Over the Internet of the Robotic Manipulator in the Russian Segment of ISS)Konyugatsia-EFR (Development of Methods for Designing New Recombinants Producing Strains of Bacteria in Space Flight)Kristallizator (Crystalization of Biological Macromolecules and Generation of Biocrystal Film in the Conditions of Microgravity)Kromka (Verification of the Effectiveness of Devices for the Protection of the Exterior Surface of ISS from Contaminants Deposited by Pulsed Cycling of Liquid-Jet)^ back to topLLactolen (Influence of Factors of Space Flight on Lactolen Producer Strains)Lada-VPU-P3R (Validating Vegetable Production Unit (VPU) Plants, Protocols, Procedures and Requirements (P3R) Using Currently Existing Flight Resources)Latent Virus (Incidence of Latent Virus Shedding During Space Flight)LDST (Long Duration Sorbent Testbed)LEGO (Commercial Promotion of LEGO® Toys)LEGO Bricks (LEGO® Bricks, formerly known as NLO-Education-2)LEON-2 (On-Orbit Demonstration of a Novel LEON-2 Based Computer System and Its Application for Acquisition and Transmission of Milli-g Environment and Acoustic Noise Data in the Columbus Attached Pressurized Module, SDTO 15010-E)Leukin-2 (Role of Interleukin-2 Receptor in Signal Transduction and Gravisensing Threshold of T-Lymphocytes-2)LIRIS Demonstratror (LIRIS Demonstratror)LMM Biophysics 1 (The Effect of Macromolecular Transport of Microgravity Protein Crystallization)LMM Biophysics 3 (Growth Rate Dispersion as a Predictive Indicator for Biological Crystal Samples Where Quality Can be Improved with Microgravity Growth)LOCAD-PTS (Lab-on-a-Chip Application Development-Portable Test System)LOCAD-PTS-Exploration (Lab-on-a-Chip Application Development-Portable Test System - Exploration)Lokomotsii (Effect of Microgravity Upon Kinematic, Dynamic and Electromyographic Characteristics of Human Locomotion)LONESTAR (Low Earth Orbiting Navigation Experiment for Spacecraft Testing Autonomous Rendezvous and Docking)^ back to topMMABE (Microheater Array Boiling Experiment)MACE-II (Middeck Active Control Experiment-II)MAGVECTOR (MAGVECTOR)MAI-75 (Space Devices and Modern Technology for Personal Communication)Manual Control (Assessment of Operator Proficiency Following Long-Duration Space Flight)Marangoni-Exp (Chaos, Turbulence and its Transition Process in Marangoni Convection-Exp)Marangoni-UVP (Spatio-temporal Flow Structure in Marangoni Convection)Maritime Awareness (Global AIS on Space Station (GLASS))Marrow (The MARROW study (Bone Marrow Adipose Reaction: Red Or White?))MATI-75 (Educational Demonstration of the Effects of Shape and Size on the Recovery of Precompressed Plastic Material)Matritsa-Z1 (Matrix-Z1) (Study of the Condition of CCD Matrices of Video Cameras On-Board ISS)Matryeshka-R BUBBLE (Matryeshka-R BUBBLE)MAUI (Maui Analysis of Upper Atmospheric Injections)MAXI (Monitor of All-sky X-ray Image)MCE (Multi-mission Consolidated Equipment)MDRV (Microbial Drug Resistance and Virulence)MDS (Mice Drawer System)Medaka Osteoclast (Medaka Osteoclast)Medaka Osteoclast 2 (Effect of microgravity on osteoclasts and the analysis of the gravity sensing system in medaka)Medical Consumables Tracking (Medical Consumables Tracking)MEPS (Microencapsulation Electrostatic Processing System)Meteor (Meteor Composition Determination)Meteoroid (Recording Meteoroidal and Technogenic Particles on the External Surface of the Service Module of the Russian Segment of ISS)METERON (METERON Quick Start a / DTN)Mezhkletochnoe Vzaimodeistvie (Intercellular Interactions in Space Flight)MFMG (Miscible Fluids in Microgravity)MICAST-2 (The Microstructure Formation in Casting of Technical Alloys under Diffusive and Magnetically Controlled Convective Conditions-2)Micro-10 (Space Flight-Altered Motility Activation and Fertility-Dependent Responses in Sperm from Sea Urchin and Rodents)Micro-2 (Gravitational Effects on Biofilm Formation During Space Flight)Micro-2A (Microbial biofilm formation during space flight)Micro-4 (Genotypic and Phenotypic Changes in Yeast Related to Selective Growth Pressures Unique to Microgravity)Micro-5 (Investigation of host-pathogen interactions, conserved cellular responses, and countermeasure efficacy during spaceflight using the human surrogate model Caenorhabditis elegans)Micro-6 (Genotypic and Phenotypic Responses of Candida albicans to Spaceflight)Micro-7 (MicroRNA Expression Profiles in Cultured Human Fibroblasts in Space)Micro-8 (Genotypic and Phenotypic Responses of Candida albicans to Spaceflight)Micro-9 (Yeast colony survival in microgravity depends on ammonia mediated metabolic adaptation and cell differentiation)Microbe (Effect of Spaceflight on Microbial Gene Expression and Virulence)Microbe-A1 (On-board Microorganism Monitoring in Spacecrafts)Microbe-I (Microbial Dynamics in International Space Station - I)Microbe-III (Microbe-III)Microbe-IV (Microbiological monitoring in the International Space Station-KIBO)Microbial Observatory-1 (Microbial Tracking Payload Series)Microbiome (Study of the Impact of Long-Term Space Travel on the Astronauts' Microbiome)Microchannel Diffusion (Microchannel Diffusion)Microflow1 (Microflow 1 technology demonstration)Microgravity Growth of Antibody Crystals in the Hand Held High Density Protein Crystal Growth (Microgravity Growth of Single Antibody Crystals for Structure Determination)Microspace (Microbial Life in Space: Response to Environmental Factors in a Space Vehicle)Midodrine-Long (Test of Midodrine as a Countermeasure Against Post-flight Orthostatic Hypotension - Long)Midodrine-SDBI (Test of Midodrine as a Countermeasure Against Post-flight Orthostatic Hypotension - Short Duration Biological Investigation)Mimetik-K (Crystalization of antigen Binding Fragment of Monoclonalical Antibody to Glucosaminilmuramildepeptide)MIS (Microbes In Space: Effects of Microgravity and Space Radiation on Growth Kinetics and Mutation Processes in E. Cloacae and Acinetobacer Baumanii Cells)MISSE-1 and 2 (Materials International Space Station Experiment - 1 and 2)MISSE-3 and 4 (Materials International Space Station Experiment - 3 and 4)MISSE-5 (Materials International Space Station Experiment - 5)MISSE-6A and 6B (Materials International Space Station Experiment - 6A and 6B)MISSE-7 (Materials International Space Station Experiment - 7)MISSE-8 (Materials International Space Station Experiment - 8)MISSE-8 FSE (MISSE-8 FSE)Mobility (Promoting Sensorimotor Response Generalizability: A Countermeasure to Mitigate Locomotor Dysfunction After Long-Duration Space Flight)Molniya-SM (Lightening-SM) (Investigation of Lightning Discharges in the Earth's Atmosphere and Lower Ionosphere)Moon Imagery (Moon Imagery)MOP (Motion Perception: Vestibular Adaptation to G-Transitions)Mouse Immunology (Mouse Antigen-Specific CD4+ T Cell Priming and Memory Response during Spaceflight)Mouse Immunology-2 (Effect of Space Flight on Innate Immunity to Respiratory Viral Infections)MSK-1 (Cultivation of Mesenchymal Stem Cells From Bone Marrow in Space Flight)MSL-CETSOL and MICAST (Materials Science Laboratory - Columnar-to-Equiaxed Transition in Solidification Processing and Microstructure Formation in Casting of Technical Alloys under Diffusive and Magnetically Controlled Convective Conditions)Multi-Gas Monitor (Multi-Gas Monitor)Multi-Omics (Multi-omics analysis of human microbial-metabolic cross-talk in the space ecosystem)Multigen (Molecular and Plant Physiological Analyses of the Microgravity Effects on Multigeneration Studies ofArabidopsis thaliana)Muscle (Study of Low Back Pain in Crewmembers During Space Flight)MUSCLE BIOPSY (MUSCLE BIOPSY)MVIS Controller-1 (MVIS Controller-1)Myco (Mycological Evaluation of Crew Exposure to ISS Ambient Air)Myco-2 (Mycological Evaluation of Crew Exposure to ISS Ambient Air - 2)Myco-3 (Mycological Evaluation of Crew Exposure to ISS Ambient Air - 3)MyoLab (Molecular Mechanism of Microgravity-Induced Skeletal Muscle Atrophy - Physiological Relevance of Cbl-b Ubiquitin Ligase)^ back to topNNano Step (In-situ Observation of Growth Mechanisms of Protein Crystals and Their Perfection Under Microgravity)Nanoparticles and Osteoporosis (NAnoparticles based countermeasures for Treatment of microgravity induced Osteoporosis.)NanoRacks-AAUSat5 (NanoRacks-AAUSAT5)NanoRacks-AFEX (NanoRacks-Ames Fruit-Fly Experiment)NanoRacks-AGAR (NanoRacks-Algal Growth and Remediation)NanoRacks-AHS-Pollen Propulsion (NanoRacks-Ambassador High School-Pollen Propulsion in a Microgravity Environment)NanoRacks-AHS-Rust Development (NanoRacks-Atidim High School-Rust Development in Space)NanoRacks-ArduLab-1 (NanoRacks-ArduLab-1 Tech Demo)NanoRacks-ArduSat-1 (NanoRacks-ArduSat-1)NanoRacks-ArduSat-2 (NanoRacks-ArduSat-2)NanoRacks-ArduSat-X (NanoRacks-ArduSat-X)NanoRacks-Awty-BE-HDPE Rad Shielding (NanoRacks-Awty-Radiation Shielding and Monitoring)NanoRacks-Awty-Yeast Cell Growth in a Microgravity Environment (NanoRacks-Awty-Yeast Cell Growth in a Microgravity Environment)NanoRacks-BE WiSE-Alum Crystal Growth (NanoRacks-Better Education for Women in Science and Engineering-Alum Crystal Growth)NanoRacks-BSYVHS-Yeast Activity (NanoRacks-Ben Shemen Youth Village High School-Yeast Breathing Activity)NanoRacks-CADRE (NanoRacks-CADRE)NanoRacks-CCHS-The Effect of Microgravity on the Magnetic Qualities of Magnetorheological Fluids Over Time (NanoRacks-Carmel Christian High School-The Effect of Microgravity on the Magnetic Qualities of Magnetorheological Fluids Over Time)NanoRacks-CellBox-PRIME (NanoRacks-CellBox-Primary Human Macrophages in Microgravity Environment)NanoRacks-CellBox-Thyroid Cancer (NanoRacks-CellBox-Effect of Microgravity on Human Thyroid Carcinoma Cells)NanoRacks-Centennial-1 (NanoRacks-Ground-Based Sodium Laser Guide Star Imaging of 1U CubeSats)NanoRacks-CMS-Styrofoam Recycling (NanoRacks-Chevel Modiin Shoham-Styrofoam recycling process in microgravity)NanoRacks-COBRA PUMA GOLF Project (NanoRacks-COBRA PUMA GOLF Project)NanoRacks-DBYHS-Artemia (NanoRacks-Darca Bat Yam High School-Emergence of Artemia Eggs)NanoRacks-DCHS-Microgravity Effects on Graphene Based Supercapacitors (NanoRacks-Desert Christian High School-Microgravity Effects on Graphene Based Supercapacitors Experiment)NanoRacks-DHS-Cheeseballs (NanoRacks-Dickinson High School-Space Cheeseballs)NanoRacks-Duchesne-Light Wavelengths on Algae Production (NanoRacks-Duchesne-Algae Production in Microgravity with Variable Wavelengths of Light)NanoRacks-Duchesne-Plant Growth Chamber (NanoRacks-Duchesne-The Effects of Microgravity and Light Wavelength on Plant Growth)NanoRacks-ECS-Fungus Growth (NanoRacks-Espoo Christian School-Fungus Mycelium Growth Research Comparison in Microgravity and on Earth)NanoRacks-ECS-Funky Fungus (NanoRacks-Espoo Christian School-Fungus Growth Experiment)NanoRacks-EGAHEP ( NanoRacks-Egypt Against Hepatitis C Virus Microgravity Protein Crystal Growth)NanoRacks-FCA-Concrete Mixing (NanoRacks-Faith Christian Academy-Concrete Mixing Experiment)NanoRacks-FCC-Coagulation Crystallization (NanoRacks-Fremont Christian School-Microgravity Crystallization and Protein Coagulation Research Comparison)NanoRacks-FCHS-Robot (NanoRacks-Fremont Christian High School-Micro-Robot)NanoRacks-FPTU CubeSat-1 (NanoRacks-FPT University CubeSat-1)NanoRacks-Gadsden State-Organic Solvents in H₂O (NanoRacks-Gadsden State-Organic Solvents in H2O)NanoRacks-GOMX-2 (NanoRacks-GOMX-2: Small Photon Entangling Quantum System)NanoRacks-GOMX-3 (NanoRacks-GOMX-3)NanoRacks-GSH-Arugula Plant Growth (NanoRacks-Girl Scouts of Hawai`i- Arugula Plant Growth)NanoRacks-GSH-Microgreen Plant Growth (NanoRacks-Girl Scouts of Hawai`i-Microgreen Plant Growth)NanoRacks-HBES-Antibacterial Products (NanoRacks-Henry Bauerschlag Elementary School-Antibacterial Products)NanoRacks-Heart Flies (NanoRacks-Heart Effect Analysis Research Team conducting FLy Investigations and Experiments in Spaceflight)NanoRacks-IComp-Space Cowboy Builders (NanoRacks-Irish Centre for Composites Research-St. Nessan’s Community College: Effects of microgravity on the solidification of reinforced concrete)NanoRacks-ISS University Research (UR) - 1 (NanoRacks-The Investigation of Countermeasures to Modulate and Augment the Immune System)NanoRacks-JAMSS-2, Lagrange-1 (NanoRacks-JAMSS-2, Lagrange-1)NanoRacks-JKHA-Composting in Space (NanoRacks-Joseph Kushner Hebrew Academy-Determining the effect of microgravity on the decay of vegetable mater)NanoRacks-Kentucky Space Test-1 and -3 (NanoRacks-Kentucky Space Test-1 and -3)NanoRacks-Kentucky Space Test-2 and-4 (NanoRacks-Kentucky Space Test-2 and -4)NanoRacks-LCS-Protein Aggregation (NanoRacks-Loomis Chaffee School-Effect of microgravity on protein aggregation)NanoRacks-LGHS-Iron Corrosion (NanoRacks-Los Gatos High School-Corrosion Behavior of Pure Iron)NanoRacks-Lipid Mimic Self-Assembly (NanoRacks-Self-Assembly of Mesoscopic Lipid Mimics)NanoRacks-LitSat-1 (NanoRacks-LitSat-1)NanoRacks-LituanicaSAT-1 (NanoRacks-LituanicaSAT-1)NanoRacks-MA-Effect of Microgravity on Bacterial Growth (NanoRacks-Minnehaha Academy-Effect of Microgravity on Bacterial Growth)NanoRacks-MA-Fluid Flow (NanoRacks-Minnehaha Academy-The Effect of Microgravity on Fluid Flow Efficiency)NanoRacks-MA-Latex Polymer Coalescence (NanoRacks-Minnehaha Christian Academy-Coalescence of Water-Based Latex Polymers)NanoRacks-MBG-Cuscuta (NanoRacks-Midreshet Ben-Gurion-Cuscuta Parasitic Plant Growth)NanoRacks-MCHS-CO2 Monitor (NanoRacks-Maranatha Christian High School-Carbon Dioxide Monitor)NanoRacks-MCS-CO2 Sensor (NanoRacks-Maranatha Christian Schools-Measuring CO2 levels aboard the International Space Station)NanoRacks-MH EASA-Corrosion of Metals in Microgravity (NanoRacks-McMinnville High Engineering Aerospace & Sciences Academy-Corrosion of Metals in Microgravity)NanoRacks-MHS-Exoskeleton Density (NanoRacks-McMinnville High School-Exoskeleton Density Analysis of Mealworms in a Microgravity Environment)NanoRacks-Micro-gRx (NanoRacks-Fluorescent Polarization in Microgravity)NanoRacks-MicroMAS (NanoRacks-Microsized Microwave Atmospheric Satellite)NanoRacks-Mission Discovery (NanoRacks-Mission Discovery ISS Bio-Medical Experiments)NanoRacks-NanoRocks (NanoRacks-NanoRocks: Collisional Evolution of Particles and Aggregates in Microgravity)NanoRacks-NCESSE-1 (NanoRacks-National Center for Earth and Space Science Education -1)NanoRacks-NCESSE-2 (NanoRacks-National Center for Earth and Space Science Education -2)NanoRacks-NCESSE-Antares (NanoRacks-National Center for Earth and Space Science Education-Antares (SSEP Mission 2))NanoRacks-NCESSE-Aquarius (NanoRacks-National Center for Earth and Space Science-Aquarius (SSEP Mission 1))NanoRacks-NCESSE-Charlie Brown (NanoRacks-National Center for Earth and Space Science-Charlie Brown (SSEP Mission 5))NanoRacks-NCESSE-Falcon (NanoRacks-National Center for Earth and Space Science Education-Falcon (SSEP Mission 3))NanoRacks-NCESSE-Odyssey (NanoRacks-National Center for Earth and Space Science-Odyssey (SSEP Mission 7))NanoRacks-NCESSE-Orion (NanoRacks-National Center for Earth and Space Science Education-Orion (SSEP Mission 4))NanoRacks-NCESSE-Yankee Clipper (NanoRacks-National Center for Earth and Space Science-Yankee Clipper (SSEP Mission 6))NanoRacks-NDC-BMS-Vermicomposting (NanoRacks-NDC-Bell Middle School-Efficiency of Vermicomposting in a Closed System)NanoRacks-NDC-CHS-Bacterial Lag Phase (NanoRacks-National Design Challenge-Centaurus High School-The Effects of Simulated Gravity on Bacterial Lag Phase in a Micro-Gravitational Environment)NanoRacks-NDC-CHS-The Green Machine (NanoRacks-National Design Challenge-Chatfield High School-The Effect of Microgravity on Two Strains of Biofuel Producing Algae with Implications for the Production of Renewable Fuels in Space Based Applications)NanoRacks-NSL Satellites Ltd-Oil Bubbles (NanoRacks-NSL Satellites Ltd-Oil Bubbles)NanoRacks-NSL Satellites Ltd-Rock Candy in Space (NanoRacks-NSL Satellites Ltd-Rock Candy in Space)NanoRacks-OSU-Zeolite (NanoRacks-The Ohio State University-Zeolite Crystal)NanoRacks-OTS-Decay Rate in Space (NanoRacks-Ort-Tivon School-Determining the effect of microgravity on the rate of decay of vegetable matter)NanoRacks-PCG Therapeutic Discovery (NanoRacks-Protein crystal growth in microgravity to enable therapeutic discovery)NanoRacks-PCG-1 (NanoRacks-Protein Crystal Growth-1)NanoRacks-Planet Labs-Dove (NanoRacks-Planet Labs-Dove)NanoRacks-Planetary Resources-Arkyd-3 (NanoRacks-Planetary Resources-Arkyd-3)NanoRacks-Project MERCCURI (NanoRacks-Comparison of the Growth Rate and DNA Characterization of Microgravity Exposed Microbial Community Samples)NanoRacks-RCHS-Battery Life (NanoRacks-Riverside Christian High School-Battery Life in Microgravity)NanoRacks-RCHS-E. Coli Growth (NanoRacks-Riverside Christian High School-E. Coli Bacteria Growth in Microgravity)NanoRacks-RCHS-E. Coli Growth with UV Exposure (NanoRacks-Riverside Christian High School-E. Coli Bacteria Growth with UV Exposure in Microgravity)NanoRacks-RCS-Bacteria Growth (NanoRacks-Riverside Christian Schools-Bacteria Growth Experiment)NanoRacks-RCS-Battery Performance (NanoRacks-Riverside Christian Schools-Battery Performance Experiment)NanoRacks-SABOL (NanoRacks-Self-Assembly in Biology and the Origin of Life)NanoRacks-SDSA YSI-Liquid Bridge Deformation and Particle Motion Under Mechanical Rotation (NanoRacks-San Diego Science Alliance Youth Space Institute-Liquid Bridge Deformation and Particle Motion Under Mechanical Rotation)NanoRacks-SDSA YSI-Radiation Blocking (NanoRacks-San Diego Science Alliance Youth Space Institute-Radiation Detection and Mitigation)NanoRacks-SHHS-Polyurethane Repair Kit (NanoRacks-South Houston High School-Polyurethane Repair Kit for ISS)NanoRacks-SkyCube (NanoRacks-SkyCube)NanoRacks-Slime Mold (NanoRacks-Slime Mold Organization)NanoRacks-SyNRGE³ (NanoRacks-Symbiotic Nodulation in a Reduced Gravity Environment-Cubed)NanoRacks-Terpene (NanoRacks-Terpene Extraction in Microgravity)NanoRacks-The Hydrofuge (NanoRacks-The Hydrofuge Plant Chamber Experiment)NanoRacks-UAPSAT-1 (NanoRacks-UAPSAT-1)NanoRacks-UF-Squids-1 (NanoRacks-University of Florida-Squids-1)NanoRacks-VCHS Plant Seed (NanoRacks-Valley Christian High School Plant Seed Growth)NanoRacks-VCHS-Ant Colony Behavior (NanoRacks-Valley Christian High School-Ant Colony Behavior in a Microgravity Environment)NanoRacks-VCHS-B. Subtilis (NanoRacks-Valley Christian High School-Bacillus Subtilis Bacteria Growth)NanoRacks-VCHS-Bacterial Growth and Kanamycin Resistance (NanoRacks-Valley Christian High School-Bacterial Growth and Kanamycin Resistance in a Microgravity Environment)NanoRacks-VCHS-Electromagnetic Ferrofluid (NanoRacks-Valley Christian High School-Electromagnetic Effects on Ferrofluid)NanoRacks-VCHS-Electroplating (NanoRacks-Valley Christian High School-Electroplating)NanoRacks-VCHS-Improved Multiple Plant Growth (NanoRacks-Valley Christian High School-Growing Wisconsin Fast Plants, Chives, and Dandelions in a Microgravity Environment)NanoRacks-VCHS-ISS Background Radiation (NanoRacks-Valley Christian High School-ISS Background Radiation Experiment)NanoRacks-VCHS-Memory Loss (NanoRacks-Valley Christian High School-Memory Loss Experiment)NanoRacks-VCHS-Observing Background Radiation and Magnetic Fields in Microgravity (NanoRacks-Valley Christian High School-Observing Background Radiation and Magnetic Fields in Microgravity)NanoRacks-VCHS-Plant Growth (NanoRacks-Valley Christian High School-Plant Growth)NanoRacks-VCHS-Plant Inoculum (NanoRacks-Valley Christian High School-Plant Inoculum Experiment)NanoRacks-VCHS-Protein Crystallization in Space (NanoRacks-Valley Christian High School-Protein Crystallization in Space)NanoRacks-VCHS-Silver Crystal Growth (NanoRacks-Valley Christian High School-Silver Crystal Growth)NanoRacks-VCHS-Thermal Conductivity (NanoRacks-Valley Christian High School-Thermal Conductivity Experiment)NanoRacks-VCHS-Wisconsin Fast Plant Growth in a Vibration Environment (NanoRacks-Valley Christian High School-Wisconsin Fast Plant Growth in a Vibration Environment Experiment)NanoRacks-VCHSD-Evaluating Solar Liquid Power in Space (NanoRacks-Valley Christian High School of Dublin-Evaluating Solar Liquid Power in Space: Converting Electromagnetic Radiation to Electricity)NanoRacks-VCJHS-Fluid Density (NanoRacks-Valley Christian Junior High School-Mixing Liquids of Different Densities in a Microgravity Environment)NanoRacks-VCJHS-High Temperature Dispersion in Microgravity (NanoRacks-Valley Christian Junior High School-High Temperature Dispersion in Microgravity)NanoRacks-VCJHS-Penicillin Growth (NanoRacks-Valley Christian Junior High School-Penicillin Growth Preferences in a Microgravity Environment)NanoRacks-WA-Resurrection Plant Growth (NanoRacks-Wheaton Academy-Resurrection Plant Growth Experiment in Microgravity)NanoRacks-WCHS-E. Coli and Kanamycin (NanoRacks-Whittier Christian High School-E.Coli Bacteria and Kanamycin Antibiotic)NanoRacks-Λ-Sat (NanoRacks-Λ-Sat Hellenic Satellite)Nanoskeleton (Production of High Performance Nanomaterials in Microgravity)Nematode Muscles (Alterations of C. elegans muscle fibers by microgravity)Neocytolysis (Effects of Microgravity on the Haemopoietic System: A Study on Neocytolysis)NeuroMapping (Spaceflight Effects on Neurocognitive Performance: Extent, Longevity, and Neural Bases)NeuroRad (Biological Effects of Space Radiation and Microgravity on Mammalian Cells)Neurospat (Effect of Gravitational Context on EEG Dynamics: A Study of Spatial Cognition, Novelty Processing and Sensorimotor Integration)Night Vision (Eyespots and Macular Pigments Extracted from Algal Organisms Immobilized in Organic Matrix with the Purpose to Protect Astronaut's Retina)NIP (Interaction of Sprayed Proteins (luciferin and luciferace) By Bioluminescence Image)NLP-Cells (National Laboratory Pathfinder - Cells)NLP-Cells-Jatropha Biofuels (National Laboratory Pathfinder - Cells - Jatropha Biofuels (NLP-Cells-3,4,6,7))NLP-Vaccine-MRSA (National Laboratory Pathfinder - Vaccine - Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus)NLP-Vaccine-Salmonella (National Laboratory Pathfinder - Vaccine - Salmonella)NLP-Vaccine-Survey (National Laboratory Pathfinder - Vaccine - Survey)NOA-1 (Exhaled Nitric Oxide-1)NOA-2 (Exhaled Nitric Oxide-2)NPBX (Nucleate Pool Boiling eXperiment)Nutrition (Nutritional Status Assessment)^ back to topOOASIS (Observation Analysis of Smectic Islands in Space)OChB-1 (Influence of Factors of Space Flight on Superoxide Strain Producer)OCT Tech Demo (Optical Coherence Tomography Technology Demonstration)Ocular Health (Prospective Observational Study of Ocular Health in ISS Crews)ODK2 (Evaluation of Onboard Diagnostic Kit 2)OEE (Oil Emulsion Experiment)On-Orbit Crystals (Exploiting On-orbit Crystal properties for Structural Studies of Medically and Economically Important Targets)Onboard Diagnostic Kit (Evaluation of Onboard Diagnostic Kit)OPALS (Optical PAyload for Lasercomm Science)ORZS (The Optimization of Root Zone Substrates (ORZS) for Reduced Gravity Experiments Program)Osteo-4 (Osteocytes and mechano-transduction)OsteoOmics (Gravitational Regulation of Osteoblast Genomics and Metabolism)Otolith (Otolith Assessment During Postflight Re-adaptation)OVAR (Off-Vertical Axis Rotation: Eye Movements and Motion Perception Induced By Off-Axis Rotation at Small Angles of Tilt After Spaceflight, DSO 499)^ back to topPPACE (Preliminary Advanced Colloids Experiment: 100X Oil Test Target)PACE-2 (Preliminary Advanced Colloids Experiment - 2: 3D Particle Test)PACE-LMM-Bio (Preliminary Advanced Colloids Experiment - Light Microscopy Module: Biological Samples)PADIAC (PAthway DIfferent ACtivators)Parodont (Parodentium) (Condition of Peridontal Tissues in Space Flight)Particle Flux (Particle Flux Demonstrator)Passages (Scaling Body-Related Actions in the Absence of Gravity)PBRE (Packed Bed Reactor Experiment)PC4NC (Protein Crystals for Neutron Crystallography (PC4NC) Large volume crystal growth of Inorganic Pyrophosphatase complexes by counter-diffusion in microgravity for neutron diffraction studies)PCG-EGN (Protein Crystal Growth-Enhanced Gaseous Nitrogen Dewar)PCG-STES-IDQC (Protein Crystal Growth-Single Locker Thermal Enclosure System-Improved Diffraction Quality of Crystals)PCG-STES-IMP (Protein Crystal Growth-Single Locker Thermal Enclosure System-Crystallization of the Integral Membrane Protein Using Microgravity)PCG-STES-MM (Protein Crystal Growth-Single Locker Thermal Enclosure System-Synchrotron Based Mosaicity Measurements of Crystal Quality and Theoretical Modeling)PCG-STES-MMTP (Protein Crystal Growth-Single Locker Thermal Enclosure System-Crystallization of the Mitochondrial Metabolite Transport Proteins)PCG-STES-MS (Protein Crystal Growth-Single Locker Thermal Enclosure System - Crystal Growth Model System for Material Science)PCG-STES-RDP (Protein Crystal Growth-Single Locker Thermal Enclosure System-Engineering a Ribozyme for Diffraction Properties)PCG-STES-RGE (Protein Crystal Growth-Single Locker Thermal Enclosure System-Regulation of Gene Expression)PCG-STES-SA (Protein Crystal Growth-Single Locker Thermal Enclosure System-Science and Applications of Facility Hardware for Protein Crystal Growth)PCG-STES-VEKS (Protein Crystal Growth-Single Locker Thermal Enclosure System-Vapor Equilibrium Kinetics Studies)PCS (Protein Crystallization in Space: Characterization of the Effect of Microgravity on the Crystal Growth Behavior of Lipases)Personal CO2 Monitor (Personal CO2 Monitor)PESTO (Photosynthesis Experiment and System Testing and Operation)PFE-OUM (Periodic Fitness Evaluation with Oxygen Uptake Measurement)PFMI (Toward Understanding Pore Formation and Mobility During Controlled Directional Solidification in a Microgravity Environment)PGBA (Plant Generic Bioprocessing Apparatus)Pharma (Characteristics of Pharmacological Responses (absorption, distribution and elimination of acetominophene) in Long Duration Space Flight)Pharmacokinetics (Pharmacokinetics and Contributing Physiologic Changes During Spaceflight, DSO 632B)Photosynth (PhotosynthTM Three-Dimensional Modeling of ISS Interior and Exterior)Pille-ISS (Pille-MKS: Determine the Value of the Accumulated Radiation Dose in a Visiting Crewmember)Pilot-Robot (Individual Characteristics of Psychophysiological Regulatory Status and Reliaility of Professional Activities of Cosmonauts in Long Duration Space Flight)Pioneering Mars (Pioneering Mars: Turning the Red Planet Green with Earth's Smallest Settlers)PK-4 (Plasma Krystall-4)PKinase (Mechanisms and Functional Consequences of Protein Kinase C Isoform Translocation in Monocytes Exposed to Microgravity)Plankton-Linza-SA (Characterizing the Effects of Atmospheric, Hydrophysical and Geological Factors on Biological Productivity of Oceanic Waters Surrounding The Republic of South Africa)Plant Gravity Sensing (Utilization of the micro gravity condition to examine the cellular process of formation of the gravity sensor and the molecular mechanism of gravity sensing)Plant RNA Regulation (Transcriptional and Post Transcriptional Regulation of Seedling Development in Microgravity)Plant Rotation (Plant circumnutation and its dependence on the gravity response)Plant Signaling (Plant Signaling (formerly known as Seed Growth-1))Plasma Interaction Model (Analysis of International Space Station Plasma Interaction)Platan-Cosmic Rays (Search for Low Energy Heavy Particles of Solar and Galactic Origin)Plazma-MKS (Plasma-ISS: Examination of Plasmic Environments on the External Surface of ISS Through the Characterization of Optical Radiance)Plazma-Progress (Plasma-Progress) (Observation of the Reflective Characteristics of the Spacecraft Plasma Environment from On-Board Thruster Activity Using Ground-Based Instruments)Plazmida (Plasmid) (Transfer of Molecules of DNA by Conjugation in Space Flight)PMDIS (Perceptual Motor Deficits in Space)PMT (Photocatalyst Material Test)PMZ (Bioavailability and Performance Effects of Promethazine During Space Flight)Pnevmocard (Pneumocard) (Examination of the Influencing Factors of Space Flight on Autonomic Regulation of Blood Circulation, Respiration and Cardiac Contractile Function in Long Duration Space Flight)POEMS (Passive Observatories for Experimental Microbial Systems)Polca ()Poligen (Polygene) (Revealing Genotypical Characteristics, Defining Individual Differences in Resistance of Biological Organisms to Factors of Long Duration Space Flight)POP 3D (Portable Onboard Printer 3D)Popular Mechanics (Commercial Promotion of Popular Mechanics Journal)Privyazka (Development of High Precision Orientation of Scientific Devices in Space with Reports of Deformation of the ISS Hull)Pro K (Dietary Intake Can Predict and Protect Against Changes in Bone Metabolism during Spaceflight and Recovery)Profilaktika-1 (Prophylaxis-1) (Mechanisms of Action and Influence, and Effectiveness of Various Methods of Phrophylaxis Directed Toward Prevention of Disturbances of the Human Locomotion System in Weightlessness)Prognoz (Prognosis) (Development of a Method of Operational Prediction of Work Load on Crew Piloting Objectives)Protein Crystal Optimization (Optimization of Protein Crystal Growth for Determination of Enzyme Mechanisms through Advanced Diffraction Techniques)Protein Crystallography (Crystallization of Medically Relevant Proteins Using Microgravity)PS-TEPC (Establishment of dosimetric technique in the International Space Station (ISS) with Position Sensitive Tissue Equivalent Proportional Chamber)PSSC (Pico-Satellite Solar Cell Experiment)PuFF (The Effects of EVA and Long-Term Exposure to Microgravity on Pulmonary Function)Puls (Pulse) (Vegatative (Autonomic) Regulation of the Cardio-Respiratory System of Humans in Conditions of Weightlessness)^ back to topQ^ back to topRRaDI-N (RaDI-N)Radi-N2 (Radi-N2 Neutron Field Study)Radiation Environment Monitor (Radiation Environment Monitor)Radioskaf (Creation of Preparation and Launch in the Prcess of Mini -Satellites)RadSilk (Integrated Assessment of Long-term Cosmic Radiation Through Biological Responses of the Silkworm,Bombyx mori, in Space)RAMBO (Ram Burn Observations)RAMBO-2 (Ram Burn Observations - 2)Rastenia-Gorokh (Plants-Pea) (Growth and Development of Higher Plants through Multiple Generations)RASV (Recombinant Attenuated Salmonella Vaccine)Ravnovesie (Ravnovesie)Reaction Self Test (Psychomotor Vigilance Self Test on the International Space Station)REBR (ReEntry Breakup Recorder)REBR-W (Reentry Breakup Recorder with Wireless Sensors)Regeneratsia-Planaria (Regeneration-Girardia) (Effect of Weightlessness on Processes of Regeneration by Electrophysiological and Morphological Factors)Relaksatsia-Groza (Relaxation-Thunderstorm) (Processes of Relaxation in the Ultraviolet Band Spectrum by High Velocity Interaction of Exhaust Products on ISS)Renal Stone (Renal Stone Risk During Spaceflight: Assessment and Countermeasure Validation)Repository (National Aeronautics and Space Administration Biological Specimen Repository)Resist Tubule (Mechanisms of Gravity Resistance in Plants From Signal Transformation and Transduction to Response)Resist Wall (Role of Microtubule-Membrane-Cell Wall Continuum in Gravity Resistance in Plants)Reversible Figures (Perspective Reversible Figures in Microgravity)RIGEX (Rigidizable Inflatable Get-Away-Special Experiment)RJR (Augmented) Microbial Sampling (RJR (Augmented) Microbial Sampling)ROALD (ROle of Apoptosis in Lymphocyte Depression)ROALD-2 (Role of the Endocannabinoid System in human Lymphocytes Exposed to Microgravity-2)Robonaut (Robonaut)Rodent Research-1 (Rodent Research Hardware and Operations Validation)Rodent Research-1 (CASIS) (Muscle Atrophy of Muscle Sparing in Transgenic Mice)Rodent Research-2 (CASIS) (Time-dependency of morphological and molecular changes in the musculoskeletal system of mice exposed to the spaceflight environment)Rodent Research-3-Eli Lilly (Assessment of myostatin inhibition to prevent skeletal muscle atrophy and weakness in mice exposed to long-duration spaceflight)ROKVISS (Robotic Component Verification on the ISS: Verification of Lightweight Robotic Hinge Elements in Space)ROSA (Roll-Out Solar Array)RRM (Robotic Refueling Mission)RRM-Phase 2 (Robotic Refueling Mission Phase 2)Rusalka-MKS (Mermaid-ISS) (Development of Methods to Determine the Carbon Dioxide and Methane (Greenhouse Gases) Content in the Earths Atmosphere from On-Board ISS)^ back to topSSAGE III-ISS (Stratospheric Aerosol and Gas Experiment III/ISS)Salivary Markers (The Effects of Long-Term Exposure to Microgravity on Salivary Markers of Innate Immunity)Sally Ride EarthKAM (Sally Ride Earth Knowledge Acquired by Middle School Students)SAME (Smoke and Aerosol Measurement Experiment)Sample (Study of Microbial Communities Exposed to Weightlessness)Sarcolab (Myotendinous and Neuromuscular Adaptation to Long-term Spaceflight)SATS-Interact (Supervision of Autonomous and Teleoperated Satellites - Interact)Saturday Morning Science (Science of Opportunity)SCAN Testbed (Space Communications and Navigation Testbed)Science off the Sphere (Science off the Sphere)SCN (Space Cup Noodle)Scorpion (Scorpion: Development and Acquisition of Multifunctional Control-Measurement Device for Controlling the Environment of Scientific Experiments Inside a Pressurized Station)Sed (Brazilian Seeds Phaseolus vulgaris: Demonstration of gravitropis and Phototropism Effects on Germination of Seed in Microgravity)SEDA-AP (Space Environment Data Acquisition Equipment - Attached Payload)Seedling Growth-1 (Seedling Growth-1)Seedling Growth-2 (Seedling Growth-2)Seeds (Seeds in Space)Seiner (Development of Procedures of Interactions of the Crew in the Russian Segment of ISS and the State Fishery Committee During the Process of Searching and Exploring Productive Fishing Regions in World Oceans)SEITE (Shuttle Exhaust Ion Turbulence Experiments)SEM (Space Experiment Module)Sensory Adaptation (Study of Vestibular Function and Intersensory Interactions Under Altered Gravity)SETA-2 (Solidification along a Eutectic path in Ternary Alloys-2)SHERE (Shear History Extensional Rheology Experiment)SHERE-II (Shear History Extensional Rheology Experiment - II)Sidekick (Sidekick: Investigating Immersive Visualization Capabilities)SIMPLEX (Shuttle Ionospheric Modification with Pulsed Localized Exhaust Experiments)Skin-B (Skin-B)SkinCare (SkinCare)Skinsuit (Skinsuit)Sleep ISS-12 (Sleep-Wake Actigraphy and Light Exposure on ISS-12)Sleep-Long (Sleep-Wake Actigraphy and Light Exposure During Spaceflight-Long)Sleep-Short (Sleep-Wake Actigraphy and Light Exposure During Spaceflight-Short)SLICE (Structure and Liftoff In Combustion Experiment)Small Sat Deploy-Demo (Small Sat Deploy Demo)Smartphone-MM (HET Smartphone-MM)SMEK (Effect of Microgravity on Kinetic Properties of Enzymtic Reactions - Hydrolysis of Sucrose in Cerevisiae Cells of Saccharomycetes)SMILES (Superconducting Submillimeter-Wave Limb-Emission Sounder)SNFM (Serial Network Flow Monitor)SODI-Colloid (Selectable Optical Diagnostics Instrument - Aggregation of Colloidal Solutions)SODI-Colloid-2 (SODI-Colloid-2)SODI-DCMIX (SODI-DCMIX)SODI-DSC (Selectable Optical Diagnostics Instrument - Diffusion and Soret Coefficient)SODI-IVIDIL (Selectable Optical Diagnostics Instrument-Influence of VIbrations on DIffusion of Liquids)Solar-SOLACES (Sun Monitoring on the External Payload Facility of Columbus - SOLar Auto-Calibrating EUV/UV Spectrophotometers)Solar-SOLSPEC (Sun Monitoring on the External Payload Facility of Columbus -Sun Monitoring on the External Payload Facility of Columbus -SOLar SPECtral Irradiance Measurements)Solar-SOVIM (Sun Monitoring on the External Payload Facility of Columbus -SOlar Variable and Irradiance Monitor)SOLO (SOdium LOading in Microgravity)Sonokard (Physiological Functions (cardio-respiratory) of Humans Using Contactless Methods During Sleep in Long Duration Space Flight)Soret-Facet (Study on Soret effect (thermal diffusion process) for the mixed solution by the in-situ observation technique facilitated at SCOF)SoRGE (Soldering in Reduced Gravity Experiment, SDTO 17003-U)Space Aging (Study of the effects of space flight on the aging of C. elegans)Space Food Nutrient (Changes in Nutrient Contents in Space Food After Long-term Space Flight)Space Headaches (Space Headaches)Space Pup (Effect of space environment on mammalian reproduction)SpaceDRUMS (Space Dynamically Responding Ultrasonic Matrix System)SpaceSeed (Life Cycles of Higher Plants Under Microgravity Conditions)SPACETEX (SPACETEX)SPC (Soluble Protein Crystallization: Obtaining Crystals of Soluble Proteins FcgIII and FcgeII with a Perfect Crystal Structure)Special Event Meals (Special Event Meals)SPEGIS (Streptococcus pneumoniae Expression of Genes in Space)SPHERES (Synchronized Position Hold, Engage, Reorient, Experimental Satellites)SPHERES Halo (Synchronized Position, Hold, Engage, Reorient, Experimental Satellites - Halo)SPHERES-Slosh (SPHERES-Slosh)SPHERES-UDP (Synchronized Position, Hold, Engage, Reorient, Experimental Satellites-Universal Docking Port)SPHERES-VERTIGO (Synchronized Position, Hold, Engage, Reorient, Experimental Satellites - VERTIGO)SPHERES-Zero-Robotics (Synchronized Position Hold, Engage, Reorient, Experimental Satellites-Zero-Robotics)SPHEROIDS (SPHEROIDS)SPICE (Smoke Point In Co-flow Experiment)Spin (Validation of Centrifugation as a Countermeasure for Otolith Deconditioning During Spaceflight)Spinal Elongation (Spinal Elongation and its Effects on Seated Height in a Microgravity Environment)Spinal Ultrasound (Sonographic Astronaut Vertebral Examination)SpinSat (SpinSat)Spore (Study of Space Environment Effects on PY17 Bacterial Spores onboard Space Shuttle)Sprint (Integrated Resistance and Aerobic Training Study)Sprut-MBI (Octopus-MBI) (Determination of Intracellular and Extracellular Fluid Volume in Humans in Space Flight)Sreda-MKS (Environment-ISS) (Examination of the Features of ISS as an Environment for Conducting Research)SS-HDTV (Super-Sensitive High Definition TV)SSAF2013 (Space Seeds for Asian Future 2013)SSLM (Solid State Lighting Module, SDTO 15008U)Stability-Nutrition (Stability of Nutritional Compounds)Stability-Pharmacotherapeutic (Stability of Pharmacotherapeutic)Statoconia (Otoconium) (Growth Potency of Statoconia (Otoliths) in the Organ of Equilibrium of Gastropod Mollusks in Weightlessness)StelSys (StelSys Liver Cell Function Research)Stem Cell Differentiation (Stem Cell Differentiation)Stem Cells (Study on the Effect of Space Environment to Embryonic Stem Cells to Their Development)STL-Microbial Immunity (Space Tissue Loss - Microbial Immunity)STL-MRMC (High Throughput Pan-omic Approaches to Study the Effect of Microgravity on Responses of Skin Endothelial Cells to Insult)STL-Regeneration (Space Tissue Loss - Stem Cell Regeneration)STL-Regeneration-Keratinocytes (Space Tissue Loss - The Effects Microgravity on Stem Cell-Based Tissue Regeneration: Keratinocyte Differentiation in Wound Healing)STL-TATRC2 (Examination of the effects of microgravity on the trophic capability of stromal vascular fraction cells from lipoaspirated human adipose tissue)STMSat-1 (St. Thomas More School Cathedral Satellite-1)Story Time From Space (Story Time From Space)STP-H2-ANDE (Space Test Program-H2-Atmospheric Neutral Density Experiment)STP-H2-MEPSI (Space Test Program-H2-Microelectromechanical System-Based (MEMS) PICOSAT Inspector)STP-H2-RAFT (Space Test Program-H2-Radar Fence Transponder)STP-H3-Canary (Space Test Program - Houston 3 - Canary)STP-H3-DISC (Space Test Program - Houston 3 - Digital Imaging Star Camera)STP-H3-MHTEX (Space Test Program - Houston 3 - Massive Heat Transfer Experiment)STP-H3-VADER (Space Test Program - Houston 3 - Variable emissivity radiator Aerogel insulation blanket Dual zone thermal control Experiment suite for Responsive space)STP-H4-ATT (Space Test Program-Houston 4-Active Thermal Tile)STP-H4-FireStation (Space Test Program-Houston 4-FireStation)STP-H4-GLADIS (Space Test Program - Houston 4 - Global Awareness Data-Exfiltration International Satellite)STP-H4-ISE 2.0 (Space Test Program-Houston 4-ISS SpaceCube Experiment 2.0)STP-H4-MARS (Space Test Program-H4-Miniature Array of Radiation Sensors)STP-H4-SWATS (Space Test Program-Houston 4- Small Wind and Temperature Spectrometer)Straight Ahead in Microgravity (Straight Ahead)Subregional Bone (Subregional Assessment of Bone Loss in the Axial Skeleton in Long-term Space Flight)SUBSA (Solidification Using a Baffle in Sealed Ampoules)Suitsat-1 (Suit Satellite-1)Surface Telerobotics (Surface Telerobotics)SVS-1 (SHS-1) (CBC: Self-Propogating Hyperthermal Synthesis in Space)SWAB (Surface, Water and Air Biocharacterization - A Comprehensive Characterization of Microorganisms and Allergens in Spacecraft Environment)Synergy (The elucidation of the re-adaptation on the attitude control after return from long term space flight)Synthetic Muscle (Synthetic Muscle: Resistance to Radiation; Ras Labs-CASIS-ISS Project for Synthetic Muscle: Resistance to Radiation)^ back to topTT-Cell Act in Aging (T-Cell Activation in Aging)TAGES (Transgenic Arabidopsis Gene Expression System)Taste In Space (Taste In Space)TBone (Assessment of the effect of space flight on bone quality using three-dimensional high resolution peripheral quantitative computed tomography (HR-pQCT))TechEdSat (Technology Education Satellite)TechEdSat-3P (The Development of On-Demand Sample Return Capability (SPQR))TechEdSat-4 (The Development of On-Demand Sample Return Capability (SPQR))Telescience Resource Kit (Flight Demonstration of Telescience Resource Kit)Telomeres (Assessing Telomere Lengths and Telomerase Activity in Astronauts)TEM (Transport Environment Monitor Packages)Ten-Mayak (Shadow-Beacon) (Study of Transmit/Receive Radio Signal Conditions in the Russian Segment of ISS Using the World-Wide Ham Radio Network)Tendometria (Assessment of Functional Properties of the Neuro-Muscular Apparatus)Tenzor (Tensor) (Definition of Dynamic Characteristics of ISS)Thermolab (Thermoregulation in Humans During Long-Term Spaceflight)Tipologia (Typology) (Study of the Typological Characteristis of ISS Crew Operators Activity at the Stages of Long Term Space Flight)Tomatosphere-III (Tomatosphere-III)Tomatosphere-IV (Tomatosphere-IV)Top (Educational Demonstration of Top Spinning Motions in Space)Torso (Organ Dose Measurement Using the Phantom Torso)Toxichnost (Toxicity) (Development of a Metod of Express Monitoring of Toxicity of Water in Space Flight)TRAC (Test of Reaction and Adaptation Capabilities)Treadmill Kinematics (Biomechanical Analysis of Treadmill Exercise on the International Space Station)TripleLux-A (Gene, Immune and Cellular Responses to Single and Combined Space Flight Conditions - A)TripleLux-B (Gene, Immune and Cellular Responses to Single and Combined Space Flight Conditions - B)TriTel (3D Silicon Detector Telescope)Tropi (Analysis of a Novel Sensory Mechanism in Root Phototropism)TROPICAL CYCLONE (The Cyclone Intensity Measurements from the ISS (CyMISS))Try Zero-G (Try Zero-Gravity)Twins Study (Human Exploration Research Opportunities - Differential Effects on Homozygous Twin Astronauts Associated with Differences in Exposure to Spaceflight Factors)Twins Study - Bailey (Differential Effects on Telomeres and Telomerase in Twin Astronauts Associated with Spaceflight)Twins Study - Basner (HERO Twin Astronaut Study Consortium (TASC) Project: Cognition on Monozygotic Twin on Earth)Twins Study - Feinberg (Comprehensive Whole Genome Analysis of Differential Epigenetic Effects of Space Travel on Monozygotic Twins)Twins Study - Lee (Metabolomic and Genomic Markers of Atherosclerosis as Related to Oxidative Stress, Inflammation, and Vascular Function in Twin Astronauts)Twins Study - Mason (The Landscape of DNA and RNA Methylation Before, During, and After Human Space Travel)Twins Study - Mignot (HERO Twin Astronaut Study Consortium (TASC): Immunome Changes in Space)Twins Study - Rana (Proteomic Assessment of Fluid Shifts and Association with Visual Impairment and Intracranial Pressure in Twin Astronauts)Twins Study - Smith (Biochemical Profile: Homozygous Twin Control for a 12 Month Space Flight Exposure)Twins Study - Snyder (HERO Twin Astronaut Study Consortium (TASC) Project: Longitudinal Integrated Multi-omics Analysis of the Biomolecular Effects of Space Travel)Twins Study - Turek (Metagenomic Sequencing of the Bacteriome in GI Tract of Twin Astronauts)^ back to topUUBNT (Ultrasonic Background Noise Test)Universal Battery Charger (Universal Battery Charger)UPA (Urine Processor Assembly Hardware Improvements)Uragan-GC (Hurricane-GC) (Hurricane: Experimental Development of Groundbased System of Monitoring and Predicting the Progression of a Naturally Occurring Technogenic Catastrophe)URC-Microbial-1 (University Research Centers - Microbial - 1)UTBI (Under The Background Influence)^ back to topVV-C REFLEX (Plastic alteration of vestibulo-cardiovascular reflex and its countermeasure)Vaktsina-K (Vaccine-K) (Structural Study of Protein Candidats in a Vaccine for AIDS on Earth and in Space)Vascular (Cardiovascular Health Consequences of Long-Duration Space Flight)Vascular Echo (Cardiac and Vessel Structure and Function with Long-Duration Space Flight and Recovery)VCAM (Vehicle Cabin Atmosphere Monitor)Veg-01 (Veggie hardware validation test)Veg-03 (Veg-03)Vektor-T (Study of a High Precision System for Prediction Motion of ISS)Vessel ID System (Vessel ID System)Vessel Imaging (Vascular Echography)VIABLE ISS (eValuatIon And monitoring of microBiofiLms insidE International Space Station)VIIP (Vision Impairment and Intracranial Pressure)Visual Performance (Human Factors Assessment of Vibration Effects on Visual Performance During Launch)VO2max (Evaluation of Maximal Oxygen Uptake and Submaximal Estimates of VO2max Before, During, and After Long Duration International Space Station Missions)Volny-PK-1 (Waves-PK-1) (Waves: Observation in near Infrared Spectral Band Undulatory Disturbance in the Middle Atmosphere Layers of the Earth of Technogenic and Naturally Occurring Origin)Vsplesk (Burst) (Burst: Monitoring of Seismic Effects - Bursts of High Energy Particles in Low Earth Space Region (Orbit))Vzaimodeistvie (Interaction) (Interactions: Monitoring of Space Crew Interactions During Extended Space Flight)Vzglyad (Photographing the Interior of ISS)^ back to topWWAICO (Waving and Coiling of Arabidopsis Roots at Different g-levels)Wearable Monitoring (Wearable System for Sleep Monitoring in Microgravity)Windows on Earth (Windows on Earth)WISENET (WISENET)WMHP (Miniature Wire Heat Pipes: Study of the Processes of Fluid Dynamics in Microgravity)^ back to topXXenon1 (Effect of Microgravity on 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A couple. (As usual, it depends.)Instead of only considering the classic case of reacting and diffusing chemicals, as Turing proposed in his 1952 paper, “local activation and long-range inhibition” is a general principle that may be present in various forms throughout nature. Other systems, biological and otherwise, display Turing-like patterns.Ripples of sand (or snow), patterned by the wind. Zebra stripes, patterned by … ? Note one characteristic of Turing patterns: growing stripes split rather than exceed a critical width.Of course, a lot of these patterns are probably not purely the result of Turing patterns. They are layered with… cell migration, differentiation, proliferation, positional information gradients, planar cell polarity, clock-wavefront, lateral inhibition… and other mechanisms of morphogenesis that get less attention from non-biologists. As for biologists, they mostly lost interest in Turing in the 80s after no one found any Turing systems, and Drosophila studies established that they weren’t necessary to create periodic patterns anyway.But say we’re looking for Turing mechanisms. Mere similarity of patterns is not evidence; experiments are necessary. (No, not just computer simulations.) In particular, we want to know the mechanisms responsible for local activation and long-range inhibition, and test them in model organisms.So, unfortunately, it’s not feasible to prove anything in zebras. Let’s try the next closest thing: zebra-fish!Warning: Extremely long answer ahead, because “proving” things in biology is hard. But lots of pretty pictures! Stick around!tl;dr: The most evidence is in zebrafish, and the bulk of this answer reviews those results. At the end, I added a paper each for a couple different possible Turing systems, like mice (digits, mouth bumps, hair follicles) and lizard scales.Stripe patterning in zebrafishZebrafish normally have horizontal black and yellow stripes, created by the accumulation of pigment cells called melanophores and xanthophores. But various mutants display different Turing-like patterns, suggesting that this is tantamount to tweaking the parameters of a Turing-like system (Watanabe & Kondo, 2011):Experimentally removing a patch of pigment cells with a laser allows the remaining cells to repopulate the patch (A), matching what would be predicted by Turing pattern rules (B). (Kondo & Miura, 2010)Local activation: xanthophores repel melanophores that they come in contact with. As a result, they increase the local concentration of xanthophores; i.e. local activation. The repulsive behavior is lost in cells from jaguar mutant fish, which lose hard boundaries between stripes (Inaba et al. 2012).Long-range inhibition: Melanophores are likely to die if too far away from a xanthophore. This survival signal is mediated by Delta/Notch signaling and can be modulated by increasing or decreasing Delta and Notch. Notably, Delta and Notch are membrane-bound proteins — they do not diffuse, so they require direct contact between cells. Remarkably, melanophores extend long protrusions that span stripes; these could be sites of Delta/Notch signaling (Cohen et al. 2010) and limit the maximum thickness of the stripe (Hamada et al. 2014).This interacting model of two cellular components is sufficient for a Turing-like system, albeit one carried out not by diffusing molecules, but cell-cell contacts (Kondo & Miura 2010):Because it’s biology, it’s never that simple. A third pigment cell type (silvery iridophores) is necessary for understanding how the pattern develops. Live imaging and lineage tracing in zebrafish embryos demonstrated that stripes are actually initiated by iridophores, which form a prepattern that is filled in by melanophores. That is to say, the Turing-like system between xanthophores and melanophores isn’t actually needed to pattern stripes during development!A developmental timeline that doesn’t require the aforementioned xanthophore/melanophore Turing pattern (Singh et al. 2014)Disrupting this iridophore prepattern distrupts stripe formation, allowing for some classic Turing patterns to emerge. choker mutant adults (Frohnhöfer et al, 2013):Together, positive and negative interactions between all three cell types are needed to create and stabilize zebrafish stripes. Does this still count as a Turing pattern?(Text for diagram)S-iridophores attract melanophores in high numbers, induce their aggregation into the prospective stripe area (positive long-range effect) (1) and are to some extent able to exclude them from the interstripe (negative short-range effect) (2). Xanthophores have a minor effect on melanophore aggregation (positive long-range effect) (3), but keep melanophores out from interstripe regions resolutely (negative short-range effect) (4). Interactions between iridophores and xanthophores are required to confine the shape of interstripes (5,6).And… everything else (lightning round!)Hair follicle spacing in mice (Sick et al. 2006)Historical mention to this paper since it was one of the first to bring Turing back into biology since its abandonment (The Turing Model Comes of Molecular Age). By comparison, though, it doesn’t do as good a job at demonstrating that reaction-diffusion, rather than mechanical or lateral inhibition mechanisms, are central. They didn’t even experimentally perturb Wnt, just Dkk! :(Below: Transgenic expression of inhibitor Dkk2 increases hair spacing at medium expression and greatly disrupts hair production at strong expression level.Local activation: WntLong-range inhibition: DkkPalatal ridges (rugae) in mice, you know, the things on the roof of your mouth (Economou et al., 2012)Below: If you cut out a stripe (r2), its neighbor (r3) will react by branching, as though part of a Turing pattern (shown experimentally in f, g simulated in h, i). Lateral inhibition would instead predict the formation of a new ridge in the dashed area, because “new expression contiguous with existing expression is forbidden” (d).Rugae (palatal ridges) appear to be controlled by FGF and Hedgehog. Experimentally perturbing these signaling pathways with FGF inhibition (c) or Shh inhibition (f) ex vivo caused thinning and broadening of stripes, respectively:Local activation: FGFLong-range inhibition: ShhAlso likely important: BMP4, Wise, WntDigits in mice (Sheth et al. 2012, Raspopovic et al. 2014)This one is nice because unlike rugae, everyone knows what fingers are! Sheth and colleagues reported that the dosage of certain Hox genes appeared to tune the periodicity of a Turing pattern in mouse paws:From microarray and whole-mount ISH data, Raspopovic and colleagues suggested that digit formation is partly controlled by a three-component Turing-like system composed of Bmp, Sox9, and Wnt:What I thought they did really nicely was not only create computer simulations (black and red) but also perform limb-explant studies with Bmp and Wnt inhibition (using inhibitors LDN and IWP2), demonstrating that these molecules control finger size and spacing.The implications for the evolution of digits are interesting, too — Sheth and co-authors draw comparisons to fishes and suggest that changing the number of distal Hox genes (e.g. by duplication) could have influenced the evolution of fin ray vs. digit number.Left/right patterning of the zebrafish embryo, AKA, isn’t this just a gradient? (Muller et al. 2012)It’s not a fancy pattern, but I liked that they actually used fluorescence photobleaching to measure the different diffusion/clearance rates of the molecules Nodal and Lefty in vivo. This kind of experimental evidence is hard to come by. A classic reaction-diffusion pair. Too bad the resulting pattern is just “left side” and “right side”.Local activation: NodalLong-range inhibition: LeftyLizard scales (Manukyan et al., 2017)I’d just like to take a moment to appreciate the heroic scientists who tracked and manually annotated the colored scales on this lizard over the course of 3 years.Their computational analysis suggests that limiting diffusion between scales (skin changes density between scales) can give rise to a cellular automaton-like behavior from a reaction-diffusion system.Local activation: UnknownLong-range inhibition: Unknown(I shouldn’t have counted this one because it doesn’t have experimental perturbations or any proposed molecules, but I thought cellular automatons could use some attention, as they are even more ignored by biologists than Turing mechanisms.)There’s so much more to development than Turing patterns. So…“The stripes are easy, but what about the horse part?”- Alan Turing (attributed)If you liked this answer, I also chip very slightly away at Turing’s second question in What forces drive the budding of certain tissues (e.g. alveolus) or the bulging and bending of others (e.g. stomach from gut)? What are the main morphogenetic shaping forces?References:Turing, A.M. 1952. The Chemical Basis of Morphogenesis. Bull. Math. Biol. 237:37–72. doi:10.1007/BF02459572.Remarkable in that Turing had no biology or chemistry background, but managed to write such an influential paper in theoretical biology.In Retrospect: the physics of sand dunesHiscock, T.W., and S.G. Megason. 2015. Mathematically guided approaches to distinguish models of periodic patterning. Development. 142:409–419. doi:10.1242/dev.107441.A guide to systematically determining which mechanisms are driving periodic patterningHamada, H., M. Watanabe, H.E. Lau, T. Nishida, T. Hasegawa, D.M. Parichy, and S. Kondo. 2014. Involvement of Delta/Notch signaling in zebrafish adult pigment stripe patterning. Development. 141:318–24. doi:10.1242/dev.099804.Filopodia were previously reported to be sites of Delta/Notch signaling in Drosophila: Cohen, M., M. Georgiou, N.L. Stevenson, M. Miodownik, and B. Baum. 2010. Dynamic Filopodia Transmit Intermittent Delta-Notch Signaling to Drive Pattern Refinement during Lateral Inhibition. Dev. Cell. 19:78–89. doi:10.1016/j.devcel.2010.06.006.Kondo, S., and T. Miura. 2010. Reaction-Diffusion Model as a Framework for Understanding Biological Pattern Formation. Science (80-. ). 329:1616–1621. doi:10.1126/science.1179047.Singh, A.P., U. Schach, and C. Nüsslein-Volhard. 2014. Proliferation, dispersal and patterned aggregation of iridophores in the skin prefigure striped colouration of zebrafish. Nat. Cell Biol. 16:604–611. doi:10.1038/ncb2955.In a fight in developmental biology, you win if you do live imaging and lineage tracing.Mahalwar, P., B. Walderich, A.P. Singh, and C.N. Volhard. 2014. Local reorganization of xanthophores fine-tunes and colors the striped pattern of zebrafish. Science (80-. ). 345:1362–1364. doi:10.1126/science.1254837.A more concise report on the previous results.Frohnhofer, H.G., J. Krauss, H.-M. Maischein, and C. Nusslein-Volhard. 2013. Iridophores and their interactions with other chromatophores are required for stripe formation in zebrafish. Development. 140:2997–3007. doi:10.1242/dev.096719.Christiane Nusslein-Volhard won the Nobel with her collaborators for the classic Drosophila experiments that identified many embryonic developmental genes. Notably not Turing-driven. They take a bit of a “calm down now, not everything is about Turing” tone.Maini, P.K., T.E. Woolley, R.E. Baker, E.A. Gaffney, and S.S. Lee. 2012. Turing’s model for biological pattern formation and the robustness problem. Interface Focus. 2:487–496. doi:10.1098/rsfs.2011.0113.Maini and coauthors raise some interesting points about robustness as a major problem in Turing-like biological systems. A reaction is much faster than signal transduction, gene expression, and secretion. These time delays can introduce unexpected behaviors. It makes you think that though there’s some animal to animal pattern variation, skin pattern is remarkably robust, and probably relies on more than pure Turing.Akam, M. 1989. Drosophila development: making stripes inelegantly. Nature. 341:282–283. doi:10.1038/341282a0.Periodicity itself does not imply that a Turing pattern is present. The most famous example (and a cautionary tale) is the Drosophila embryo, where a lovely, elegant pattern of stripes is generated in an inelegant way: each is specified independently of the others.Economou, A.D., A. Ohazama, T. Porntaveetus, P.T. Sharpe, S. Kondo, M.A. Basson, A. Gritli-Linde, M.T. Cobourne, and J.B.A. Green. 2012. Periodic stripe formation by a Turing mechanism operating at growth zones in the mammalian palate. Nat. Genet. 44:348–351. doi:10.1038/ng.1090.Sheth, R., L. Marcon, M.F. Bastida, M. Junco, L. Quintana, R. Dahn, M. Kmita, J. Sharpe, and M.A. Ros. 2012. Hox Genes Regulate Digit Patterning by Controlling the Wavelength of a Turing-Type Mechanism. Science (80-. ). 338:1476–1480. doi:10.1126/science.1226804.Turing Pattern Fingered for Digit FormationRaspopovic, J., L. Marcon, L. Russo, and J. Sharpe. 2014. Digit patterning is controlled by a Bmp-Sox9-Wnt Turing network modulated by morphogen gradients. Science (80-. ). 345:566–570. doi:10.1126/science.1252960.Müller, P., K.W. Rogers, B.M. Jordan, J.S. Lee, D. Robson, S. Ramanathan, and A.F. Schier. 2012. Differential diffusivity of nodal and lefty underlies a reaction-diffusion patterning system. Science (80-. ). 336:721–724. doi:10.1126/science.1221920.Manukyan, L., S.A. Montandon, A. Fofonjka, S. Smirnov, and M.C. Milinkovitch. 2017. A living mesoscopic cellular automaton made of skin scales. Nature. 544:173–179. doi:10.1038/nature22031.