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It's interesting to see how some seek to praise the Bush Administration by criticizing the Obama Administration. Personally, I think it's tough to fairly evaluate any President until we get much further down the road--Truman is a great example of this.Given that caveat, here are some things that I feel George Bush deserves credit for:1. The HIV drug program in Africa is a model program for any administration and saved tens of thousands of lives. He gets almost no credit for this b/c Dems don't like to acknowledge he was so successful with this and most members of the GOP base find this to have no value.2. The initiation of Operation Olympic Games against Iran to delay their nuclear program which was especially effective. Google: stuxnet, flame, duqu and you'll see what I mean. A series of covert ops that only became public after he left office but it has been extremely successful.3. Willingness to admit a mistake and shift personnel and plans in Iraq then put Petraeus in charge and then implement the surge (especially the Sons of Iraq and the special ops raids). I can't emphasize this enough--try to find an example of ANY administration where they took a major initiative, it went south badly, and then were willing to reverse directions, change policies, admit a mistake. That's rare, that's what the Bush Administration did here and it's possibly the only example of the US effectively dealing with an insurgency for a limited period of time.4. The commitment to expanding home ownership, especially among lower income families. The argument that the financial meltdown of 2007-8 worldwide was caused by Federal programs to encourage low-income home ownership is a crock...it doesn't explain why Iceland went bankrupt, why financial firms that did only commercial lending (i.e.: no residential lending) were among the first to collapse. In an effort to explain how we got the financial meltdown, it's become common for a lot of financial leaders to argue it was caused by government policy--bah! The government didn't force anyone to give out loans nor were the government programs to bad risks (as shown by the subsequent default info when the crisis hit). It's a good thing for people to feel like they have a stake in their community, that they care about their house and property.5. I personally don't give President Bush much credit for this (I think he personally took little action--was mostly a bystander and his speech to the nation was weak and half-hearted). But the question is about the Bush Administration...and the Sec. of the Treasury Henry Paulson and his team were heroic during the Financial Meltdown of 2007-8, absolutely heroic. We could have been looking at something worse then the Great Depression. They had no reference book, no prior examples to rely on, no template to go by--they had to make it up as they went along. They did an amazing job flying by the seat of their pants as events changed the economic reality in the world from day to day, trying to patch together loans and financial agreements to keep markets and firms from collapsing completely. I know some on the far right will be turned off (hate the "too big to fail" and government intrusion into free markets factors) as well as some on the far left (no-one went to jail, focusing on wall street salvation vs. the common citizen). I agree that Paulson and his team didn't get everything right--but that's an unreasonable standard for someone having to manage a global economic crisis that has never been seen before and having to make up answers as you go along. Paulson and his team didn't fix the economy...when Bush left office we were still hemorrhaging 800,000 jobs per month. But we could have been looking at 20-25% unemployment and their quick actions make a quicker recovery possible. Their performance (and thus, the performance of the Bush Administration) was critical to preventing an economic disaster from becoming a decade-long world-wide crisis. The tendency on the left is to ignore Paulson's actions and the tendency on the right is to argue that it was all done by Obama (government intervention in markets, too big to fail, etc.) OR that Paulson fixed everything and Obama inherited a fixed economy. Neither of those positions are true. Obama and his team had a lot of very big and critical decisions to make. But if it weren't for Paulson and his team, instead of facing a crisis with us losing 800,000 jobs a month, we'd have been looking at a world economy that was bleeding out--Paulson and Co. provided a cushion that controlled the descent and prevented it from being too deep. Paulson and his team acted very fast, they kept the crisis from becoming something we couldn't recover from. They (and thus the Bush Administration) have never gotten the public credit (either in the US or the world) they deserve. In fact, part of the Tea Party development is a repudiation of what what Paulson did.

Despite the depiction of the Cuban Missile Crisis as a template for international brinksmanship, recent historical evidence suggests the opposite. Brinksmanship is generally defined as deliberately advancing dangerous policies to the point of crisis. In the atmosphere of the Cold War, the Berlin Wall, and the nuclear arms race, Kennedy and Khrushchev sought political advantage by disseminating disinformation to their constituencies. Kennedy warned Americans of a non-existent missile gap with the USSR, and Khrushchev bragged that the Soviet Union was producing nuclear missiles like sausages. The placement of nuclear-tipped Jupiter missiles in Italy and Turkey was a prime motivator behind Khrushchev’s decision to place nuclear missiles in Cuba. However, the Jupiter missile deal was negotiated and initiated under the Eisenhower administration and completed shortly after Kennedy took the oath of office. When he was informed of the program, he stated, “That would be Goddamned dangerous,” not realizing that the missiles were already in place. He was focused on the situation in Berlin and only halfheartedly supported the Bay of Pigs invasion which led to disaster. His Joint Chiefs of Staff unanimously encouraged him to invade Cuba to depose Castro, but he repeatedly declined due to his concern of how the Soviets would react in Germany.By the time Khrushchev discovered the Jupiter offensive weapons in Turkey and Italy, they were already operational, and he was unwillingly to take proactive military steps to remove or destroy them. He reasoned that he could place his own nuclear missiles in Cuba with Castro’s approval. While he had no hand in supporting Castro’s revolution, he convinced Castro that he would protect Cuba against an American invasion in return for sixty nuclear missile sites within a hundred miles of US shores. Like the American deal, it was all perfectly legal under international law. His plan was to secretly install the missile sites as the Americans had done to avoid confrontation. His Operation Anadyr is still considered to be one of the greatest achievements of deception and information denial in Russia today.Kennedy was shocked when the CIA discovered multiple missile sites in Cuba, and Khrushchev believed that Kennedy would not react militarily. My point is that the Cuban Missile Crisis resulted more from mistakes, misunderstandings, and miscalculations than from some deliberate employment of brinksmanship. Both Khrushchev and Kennedy found themselves trapped in their overlapping webs of deceit and crippled by their failures of intelligence. JFK’s hard-lined Joint Chiefs of Staff recommended an invasion, and they were dead wrong. Khrushchev had secretly deployed 46,000 combat troops with 100 tactical nuclear weapons and four submarines carrying nuclear torpedoes prepared to defend Cuba against an invasion. They were prepared to take Gitmo and fight to the death to protect their 60 nuclear ballistic missiles. JFK made clear in his speech that he considered any attack to be a direct attack by the USSR on the US. Given the positions and posture of both sides, it is unimaginable that a US invasion could have resulted in anything less than all out nuclear war.For details on the Soviet deployment under Operation Anadyr and how close we came to nuclear war, read The Last Saturday of October.

Let's start with transportation.China and the United States also have the most complete transportation system in the world, with different emphasis.The United States is famous for its developed aviation and road transportation industries.China has the most complete railway transportation system in the world.But if we say which infrastructure is the most developed, China deserves to be the most powerful infrastructure construction and operation country in the world.Let's use an example to illustrate everything.Have you heard of the Tibet plateau?It is called "the roof of the world" and "the third pole of the world". It is the plateau with the highest average altitude in the world and the location of China's Qinghai Province and Tibet Autonomous Region.Only the Chinese can build two railways on such a precipitous terrain.One of them is the Qinghai Tibet railway.The Qinghai Tibet railway is one of China's four major projects in the new century. It is the first railway to the hinterland of Tibet, and also the plateau railway with the highest altitude and the longest line in the world.Qinghai Tibet railway is from Xining station to Lhasa station, with a total length of 1956km. As of March 2015, the operation speed of Qinghai Tibet railway is 140km / h (Xining Golmud section) and 100km / h (Golmud Lhasa section).At present, the Sichuan Tibet Railway (Chengdu Tibet Lhasa, Sichuan) under construction is the first electrified fast railway in the plateau area, which can be said to create the most challenging and difficult railway line in the world.Let's see why its construction is the most difficult.First of all, it has to cross the first and second steps of China's geography, the Hengduan Mountains and the western part of the Qinghai Tibet Plateau, where the terrain is precipitous and insurmountable in the history of railway engineering.Qinhai Tibet Plateau, the inland plateau of Asia, is the largest plateau in China and the highest altitude in the world, known as "the roof of the world" and "the third pole". The Qinghai Tibet Plateau is about 2800 kilometers long from east to west, 300-1500 kilometers wide from south to north, with a total area of about 2.5 million square kilometers. The annual average temperature in the hinterland of the plateau is below 0 ℃, and the average temperature of the warmest month in a large area is less than 10 ℃. Generally, the altitude of the Qinghai Tibet Plateau is between 3000-5000 meters, with an average altitude of more than 4000 meters. The area with an altitude of more than 4000 meters accounts for the total area of Qinghai Province 60.93% Of the total area of Tibet 86.1% 。 There is Mount Everest, the highest peak in the world（ eight thousand eight hundred and forty-four point four three There is Jinsha River with an altitude of only 1503 meters, and the average altitude of Himalayas is about 6000 meters.Hengduan Mountains (Group), one of the world's young mountain groups. The altitude of the mountain ranges from 4000 to 5000 meters, and the height difference of the mountain valley is generally over 1000 to 2000 meters. The average altitude is more than 4000 meters.. "Hengduan Mountain, the road is difficult..." It vividly reflects the complex and changeable topography of Hengduan Mountain area. There are many intermontane basins and lakes in Hengduan Mountains. Ancient glacial erosion and accumulation landforms are widespread. Modern glaciation and gravity landforms are developed, such as landslides, landslides and debris flows. At the same time, earthquakes are frequent, which is one of the main seismic zones in China. In the history of China, many earthquakes with m ≥ 8 occurred in the Hengduan Mountains.Sichuan Tibet railway crosses the first and second steps of China. It starts from Chengdu Plain of Sichuan Basin and crosses the cross-section mountains from east to west to Lhasa plain of Qinghai Tibet Plateau. The terrain from Chengdu to Ya'an and from Nyingchi to Lhasa is relatively flat. The Ya'an to Nyingchi section is a huge mountain plain composed of numerous crisscross canyons and river valleys. Because the Sichuan Tibet Railway uses the step-by-step route to climb the plateau, its construction is much more difficult than the Qinghai Tibet railway which uses the gentle slope route to climb the mountain indirectly. There are 16 times of crossing the Yarlung Zangbo River in the whole line of Lalin section alone. There are 21 super long tunnels over 10 kilometers and 15 long tunnels over 15 kilometers. Among the thousands of kilometers from Ya'an to Linzhi that Sichuan Tibet railway is about to start construction, the tunnel length accounts for 84%. After that, we took the Sichuan Tibet Railway just like taking the subway, which was always in the tunnel.Topographic dropThe terrain along the Sichuan Tibet railway has a great difference. The highest elevation of the whole section is 4400 meters, and the elevation of the whole line is more than 3000 meters. The proportion of bridge and tunnel projects is 81%. From Chengdu to Lhasa, the line has eight ups and eight volts, and the cumulative climbing height is up to One point four Ten thousand meters. The elevation of ya'an-ranwu section on the original mountain surface has decreased from more than 4000 meters in the northwest to more than 3000 meters in the southeast; under the original mountain surface, from north to south, the river gradually deepens into a continuous Canyon, with a height difference of up to 3000 meters. In Luding Kangding section, the straight-line distance is only 50 kilometers, and the altitude difference is more than 2000 meters, equivalent to 50 meters per kilometer, which is beyond the railway bearing range. The entrance of the Anla tunnel is 3300 meters above sea level and the top line is 4300 meters above sea level. There are 11 sections between Ya'an and Linzhi where the elevation fluctuates above 1000m. In order to solve the problem of terrain elevation difference, the construction unit adopts the line expansion scheme, which eliminates the excessive slope through circuitous routes (such as Z-type route); uses the super high bridge beam to connect the railway on the plate; uses the double machine traction to strengthen the train power to realize the climbing, but at the same time, it also needs to strictly control the braking state of the train.Plate activityThe ya'an-nyingchi section of the Sichuan Tibet railway is located in the Qinghai Tibet Plateau and its marginal zone, where the Indian Ocean plate and Eurasian plate collide and extrude on a large scale. It passes through Hengduan Mountain, Nianqing Tanggula Mountain and Himalaya mountain, and the river undercutting and plateau erosion are strong. Along the route, there are high mountains and deep valleys, complex and variable formation rocks, broken terrain and intense seismic activities; in addition, the climate is harsh and complex, resulting in strong internal and external dynamic geological action, and the types and scale of geological disasters along the route are rare. Sichuan Tibet railway passes through Ganzi Luhuo seismic belt and Yarlung Zangbo River seismic belt, with seismic fortification intensity above 8, active geological tectonic movement, frequent earthquakes, high intensity, high geostress, and strong fault creep deformation; there are 18 fault belts only passing through Lhasa Linzhi section, with 8 earthquakes of M ≥ 7 and 15 earthquakes of M ≥ 5-7 recorded in history; it needs to face deep and large scale Fracture zone.The Wenchuan earthquake on May 12, 2008 killed 69227 people, injured 374643 and left 17923 missing, making it the most destructive earthquake since the founding of the people's Republic of China.Complex geologyAlong the Sichuan Tibet railway, the geology is complex and the unfavorable geology is extremely developed; the groundwater and surface water are rich, including pore water, bedrock fissure water, karst water, fault zone water, etc., including high-temperature hot water and low-temperature snow melting; there are altered rock, argillaceous rock, clay rock, soft soil, karst, salt rock, gypsum, and other ancient volcanic rocks and other unfavorable geology; there are radioactivity or other harmful factors Gas. Under the extreme geological process and weathering, the mountain disasters along the Sichuan Tibet railway are frequent, such as landslides, landslides, debris flows, landslides, rockfalls and mud outbursts; among them, rock burst, water gushing and mud outburst are the three thorny problems during the railway construction.Plateau coldMost of the sections of Sichuan Tibet railway are located in the plateau mountainous area with an altitude of more than 3000 meters, and the highest part needs to pass the Dongdashan pass with an altitude of 5100 meters; thin air can lead to plateau reactions such as headache, insomnia, dyspnea, etc.; low temperature and strong ultraviolet bring severe challenges to the construction personnel. The temperature difference between Sichuan and Tibet railway is huge: 40 ℃ in summer and - 20 ℃ in winter; 35 ℃ in day and night; 92 ℃ in tunnel. The main natural hidden danger brought by the high cold environment is the seasonally changing permafrost and snow; ice damage can damage buildings by blocking frost heave or melting impact, usually combined with the temperature difference between day and night, rain, earthquake, strong wind and other natural disasters such as glacier debris flow, mountain flood or avalanche.Aeolian climateSichuan Tibet railway passes along both sides of the Yarlung Zangbo River. The terrain along the railway is significantly affected by the wind. The wind direction is mostly consistent with the direction of the river valley. From late October to May of the next year, the wind speed can reach 12 levels at most, forming moving or semi moving sand dunes. When these sand dunes are blocked by the subgrade, they will be piled up again on both sides of the subgrade in the windward and leeward seasons to form sand burial and wind erosion Phenomenon, resulting in subgrade diseases. Under the control of climate factors and vegetation environment, desertification is serious in many areas of Sichuan Tibet railway, with 20 windy and sandy sections distributed along the whole line; the construction party plans to build a snow plateau green channel combining ecological suitability and cultural suitability in the Lhasa Linzhi section under extremely harsh environmental conditions such as high altitude, large temperature difference, constant negative temperature, strong radiation, high cold and drought, but the Lhasa Linzhi section is suitable for construction every year The working time is only 5 to 6 months.Ecological and environmental protectionSichuan Tibet railway passes through a large number of national or provincial nature reserves, scenic spots, forest parks, geoparks, water conservation areas and cultural relics along the way; the terrain along the line is mostly steep and precipitous, with serious soil erosion and land desertification, fragile ecology and environmental sensitivity.Even though it is so difficult, Chinese builders are still tenacious to overcome all kinds of challenges, and the railway construction goes on smoothly.Sichuan Tibet railway is composed of three sections, namely, Chengdu Kangxi Railway (divided into two parts, namely, ya'an-kangxi railway and ya'an-kangxi railway), Kanglin railway and Lalin railway. Among them, Chengdu Ya'an section is planned to be put into operation on January 5, 2019; Lalin railway is planned to be completed and opened to traffic in 2021; Kanglin railway starts survey work in 2018, and is planned to be completed and opened to traffic in 2026.The main line of Lhasa Nyingchi railway is 435km long. It crosses the Yarlung Zangbo River 16 times, with a bridge tunnel ratio of 75% and a design speed of 160km / h. It is the first electrified railway in Tibet. It is expected to be completed and opened to traffic in 2021.By July 2019, 207550 tunnel meters have been completed in the construction of Lalin railway tunnel, 95% of which has been designed. The remaining 10 tunnels are expected to be completed by the end of 2019. Since the laying of Lalin railway began in October 2018, 1006 T-beams have been erected, with track laying mileage accounting for 22% of the task. The laying will be completed in SANGRI County by the end of 2019 and the whole line by the end of 2020.On September 2, 2019, the track laying of Lhasa Linzhi section of Sichuan Tibet Railway constructed by China Railway 11th Bureau arrived at Zedang station, Shannan city. The access of Zedang station means that the construction traffic demand of the foundation has been met from Lhasa to Shannan.It can be said that this railway, which is extremely difficult to build, is the strength of China's infrastructure construction.When Chinese builders are ready to build their own country, there is a template in front of them: the United States.They can learn from the large-scale development of air transportation and road transportation in the United States.But the Chinese choose to go their own way.The Chinese chose to develop high-speed railway on a large scale, which is the most favorable plan for China. High speed railway can transport a large number of people, but also less consumption of resources, ticket costs are lower than aircraft. This is the best choice for China, which has a large population, lacks oil resources and is not rich.Thirteen years ago, the operating mileage of China's high-speed railway was 0. Only 15 years later, the operation mileage of high-speed rail has reached 30000 kilometers, covering more than 80% of the major cities, and it has become the largest country in the world in terms of high-speed rail construction and operation scale.This is Chinese speed.You can see the high-speed railway running through the desert - Lanzhou Xinjiang high speed railway.Beijing Harbin high speed railway, a high-speed railway running in the cold permafrost.Guiyang Guangzhou high speed railway, a high-speed railway between the mountains and the poetic mountains.Beijing Guangzhou high speed railway, a high-speed railway operating in the sea of flowers.You can choose to have an important business meeting in Shanghai in the morning.In the evening, enjoy Beijing's local cuisine - Beijing roast duck.It only takes three to four hours to connect Beijing and Shanghai, two important cities (about the distance from New York to Atlanta).The high-speed railway is stable, safe and comfortable, with almost no accidents. Even in case of turning or bumping, the paper cup on the windowsill will not fall.You can enjoy a movie, a game, or use the high-speed rail's own stable power supply for laptop office. Looking up, you can enjoy the beautiful scenery outside the window, which is beyond the experience of air travel.China is still building its own high-speed railway, so that they can reach further cities, higher mountains, deeper canyons, wider rivers, so that people in cities can connect with each other and promote the rapid integration and development of economy.In fact, in addition to high-speed rail, China's highways are also world-class. By 2019, China's expressway mileage has reached 150000 km, ranking first in the world.You can see that China has built the high-speed highway into the mountains, which has become the main link between the cities in the valleys and rivers.China's subway has a world-class level.This is Beijing subway.It's clen and tidy, fast and punctual. Compared with the New York subway you take, I believe you will have a good judgment in mind.Such excellent subway construction quality not only exists in Beijing, Shanghai and other large cities, such as Chengdu, Xi'an, Suzhou and other cities, you can still see such a clean and punctual subway. They have built more than hundreds of kilometers of subway lines, and connect all places in the city. These pictures are only the average level of China's subway.Chengdu subwayXi’an subwaySuzhou subwayPeople living in Chinese cities can choose to take bus rapid transit as well as subway. It also has the advantages of being clean, fast and punctual. It uses electric clean energy and becomes the "Railway on the road" for passenger transport.Of course, there are clean and environmentally friendly trams to choose from.Even if you live in a city full of hills, don't worry. For example, in Chongqing, you can take light rail to travel between mountains, through buildings, and carry out necessary travel activities.These are just one aspect of China's infrastructure modernization.You can also see the Three Gorges hydropower station, the largest hydropower station in the world.The Three Gorges hydropower station is the largest hydropower station in the world and the largest project ever built in China. The dam elevation of the Three Gorges hydropower station is 185 meters, the water storage elevation is 175 meters, the reservoir length is 2335 meters, the static investment is 135.266 billion yuan, and 32 hydropower units with a unit capacity of 700000 kilowatts are installed. The last hydropower unit of the Three Gorges power station was put into operation on July 4, 2012, which means that the Three Gorges Hydropower Station with an installed capacity of 22.4 million kilowatts has become the largest hydropower station and clean energy production base in the world on July 4, 2012. At 8:25:21 on December 21, 2018, under the premise of giving full play to flood control, shipping, water resource utilization and other huge comprehensive benefits, the Three Gorges power station has produced 100 billion kwh of green power.The world's largest thermal power station, the tokoto power station.Yangjiang nuclear power plant, the third largest nuclear power plant in the world.Yangjiang nuclear power plant is the second nuclear power base of China Nuclear Power Group in Guangdong Province. The project adopts CPR1000 and its improved technology of China Guanghe group, which has its own brand, to build six million kilowatt PWR nuclear power units, and Yangjiang Nuclear Power Co., Ltd. of China Guanghe group is responsible for the construction and operation. Yangjiang nuclear power station is located in Yangjiang City in the west coast of Guangdong Province, with a total investment of nearly 70 billion yuan.Huizhou power station, the second largest pumped storage power station in the world.The world's largest wind farm, Jiuquan wind farm.Hong Kong Zhuhai Macao Bridge, the largest bridge combination in the world.The Hong Kong Zhuhai Macao Bridge starts from the artificial island of Hong Kong port near Hong Kong International Airport in the East, crosses the Lingdingyang waters of the South China Sea to connect Zhuhai and Macao artificial island in the west, and ends at Hongwan interchange in Zhuhai; the total length of the bridge and tunnel is 55km, including 29.6km for the main bridge and 41.6km for the Hong Kong Zhuhai Macao port; the bridge surface is a two-way six lane Expressway with a design speed of 100km / h; the total investment of the project is 1269 Billion yuan.Beijing Daxing International Airport, a super large-scale airport with science fiction appearance.As of September 2019, Beijing Daxing International Airport has a terminal building, covering an area of 700000 square meters; there are four runways, the East, North and West runways are 60 meters wide, 3400 meters long, 3800 meters long and 3800 meters long respectively; the west two runways are 3800 meters long and 45 meters wide; there are 268 aircraft stands, which can meet the requirements of 72 million passenger throughput, 2 million tons cargo and mail throughput, 620000 aircraft take-off and landing in 2025 Demand.And three huge trans regional super projects.Electric transmission from west to East - the transmission of surplus power resources in the western region to the economically developed areas in the eastern coastal areas.China's coal resources are mainly distributed in the West and the north, while the water energy resources are mainly concentrated in the southwest, while the primary energy resources in the East are scarce and the power load is relatively concentrated. The unbalanced distribution of energy resources and power load determines the necessity of power transmission from the west to the East. "Power transmission from the west to the East" is to transform the energy resources of the western provinces with rich coal and water energy resources into electric power resources, and to transport them to the eastern coastal areas with short electric power. The west to East power transmission project has the largest amount of work and investment in the key projects of the western development. From 2001 to 2010, the total investment will exceed 520 billion yuan. The implementation of this project will be conducive to the transformation of the advantages of energy resources in the West into economic advantages, reduce the pressure on the environment and transportation, and is of great significance for the rational allocation of resources, the optimization of energy structure and the promotion of the sustainable development of China's social economy.Gas transmission from west to East - the transmission of natural gas resources from the West and Central Asia to the East."West to East Gas Transmission", the longest and largest gas transmission pipeline in China, starts from Lunnan in Tarim Basin in the West and ends in Shanghai in the East. The whole line adopts automatic control, and the gas supply scope covers the Central Plains, East China and the Yangtze River Delta. In February 2000, the first meeting of the State Council approved the launch of the "west to East Gas Transmission" project, which is another major investment project next to the Three Gorges Project of the Yangtze River. The first and second lines of the west east gas transmission project have a total investment of more than 290 billion yuan, which is not only the largest energy project invested in the past decade, but also the largest infrastructure project. The main and branch lines of the first and second lines plus overseas pipelines have a length of more than 15000 kilometers, which is not only the longest pipeline project in China but also in the world. The areas crossed by the west east gas transmission project include the new areas Xinjiang, Gansu, Ningxia, Shaanxi, Henan, Hubei, Jiangxi, Hunan, Guangdong, Guangxi, Zhejiang, Shanghai, Jiangsu, Anhui, Shandong and Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, with a population of more than 400 million, are the infrastructure projects that benefit the most. The introduction of natural gas into thousands of households not only saves people from the trouble of burning coal, burning firewood and changing gas tanks, but also has great significance for improving environmental quality. Based on the natural gas delivered by the first and second line projects every year, 12 million tons of coal can be burned less, 200 million tons of carbon dioxide and 2.26 million tons of sulfur dioxide can be reduced.South to North Water Transfer: transfer abundant water resources in South China to the water deficient North China through artificial canals."South to North Water Transfer Project" is a strategic project of the people's Republic of China, which is divided into three lines: East, middle and West. The starting point of the east line project is located in Jiangdu water conservancy hub of Yangzhou, Jiangsu Province; the starting point of the middle line project is located in Danjiangkou Reservoir in the middle and upper reaches of Hanjiang River, and the water supply area is Henan, Hebei, Beijing and Tianjin. The conception of the project plan was put forward in 1952 when Chairman Mao Zedong inspected the Yellow River. Since then, after the analysis and comparison of more than 50 schemes, the water transfer scheme has achieved a lot of valuable results. The planned area of the south to North Water Diversion Project involves 438 million people and 44.8 billion cubic meters of water. The total length of the planned East, middle and West lines of the project is 4350 km. The total length of the trunk line of the first phase project of the East and middle line is 2899 kilometers, and the supporting branch canals of six provinces and cities along the line are about 2700 kilometers. The South-to-North Water Diversion Project mainly solves the problem of water resources shortage in the northern region of China, especially in the Huanghuaihai River Basin, with a population of 438 million in the planned area.LastlyWhile American politicians are bickering over votes, Chinese builders are quietly building their own country.It's a story that starts from scratch. Over the past 30 years of reform and opening up, China has built the world's largest highway network from scratch; built many bridges with the highest technical difficulty in the world; built the world's longest high-speed railway mileage, which is even longer than the sum of other regions in the world; on China's coastline, seven of the world's top ten ports are located in China.China is making the one belt leader along the "one belt, one road" with the help of strong technology and rich experience in infrastructure construction. It is believed that with the Chinese builders going abroad, the infrastructure construction of all countries in the world will surely undergo positive and gratifying changes with the help of China.