Rlv Form 2005: Fill & Download for Free

A2A I don’t know. Let’s find out.ISRO's Timeline from 1960s to Today - on the ISRO sitePSLV-C34 / Cartosat-2 series satelliteIndia’s Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle, in its thirty sixth flight (PSLV-C34), launches the 727.5 kg Cartosat-2 series satellite for earth observation and 19 co-passenger satellites together weighing about 560 kg at lift–off into a 505 km polar Sun Synchronous Orbit (SSO). PSLV-C34 was launched from the Second Launch Pad (SLP) of Satish Dhawan Space Centre (SDSC) SHAR, Sriharikota on June 22, 2016 at 09:26 hrs (IST). This is the fourteenth flight of PSLV in ‘XL’ configuration (with the use of solid strap-on motors).The co-passenger satellites are from USA, Canada, Germany and Indonesia as well as two satellites (SATHYABAMASAT and SWAYAM) from Indian University/Academic Institute. The total weight of all the 20 satellites carried onboard PSLV-C34 is about 1288 kg.PSLV-C34 / Cartosat-2 series satelliteIndia’s Shuttle Program:After Mars, ISRO Developing A Reusable Space Shuttle For Manned Space Flights. First Test This July. - March 23, 2015Youth Connect - an India news publicationRLV Technology Demonstration Programme - on WikiNational Aerospace Laboratories - on ISRO affiliate on WikiSatish Dhawan Space Centre - on WikiThe RLV-TD successfully completed its first test flight on 23 May 2016, which lasted for 770 seconds and reached a maximum altitude of 65 kilometres (40 mi). It is designed to evaluate various technologies, and development of the final version is expected to take 10 to 15 yearsRLV-TD - ISRO’s Reusable Launch VehicleFrom what I have been able to determine, ISRO has launched a test of the RLV determining the glide profile and landing requirement status. It hasn’t been into space yet, and it might be a little while before it is fully functional as a shuttle.There is more work to be done on the launch rocket technology: Hypersonic Flight ExperimentAvatar (spacecraft) - “No further studies or development have taken place since 2001.”Now let’s look at this launch vehicle and it’s “USA, Canada, Germany and Indonesia” payload (it wasn’t an ISRO space shuttle, but it was a foreign satellite payload, at least in part - ISRO launched two of it’s own satellites as well, six satellites in one nice launch package):PSLV-C34 India’s Polar Satellite Launch VehicleCorrection: It was 20 satellites on that one launch.“The Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) on Wednesday launched a record 20 satellites from its Satish Dhawan Space Centre in Andhra Pradesh’s Sriharikota.”India’s PSLV blasts off with 20 satellites - SpaceflightNow June 22, 2016Full coverage: ISRO’s 20-satellite launch, its largest ever, successfulPolar Satellite Launch Vehicle PSLV-C34 was used to carry the satellites, including India’s earth observation spacecraft Cartosat-2, from the second launch pad of the space centre.Prime Minister Narendra Modi also congratulated the ISRO scientists on their achievement. In a tweet, he said “20 satellites in a go! @isro continues to break new barriers. Hearty congratulations to our scientists on the monumental accomplishment.”Full coverage: ISRO’s 20-satellite launch, its largest ever, successful - The Indian Express Tech i.e. (you simply must read the comments attached to this article)There is a short video of the launch on facebook - link to that news article to see it.There is a YouTube video link in that article - the video is an hour and a quarter in length - might I suggest that you review that video.Panoramic View of Fully integrated PSLV-C34 with all the 20 Spacecrafts being moved to second launch pad (SLP). Photo-ISROThe first launch from the pad occurred on 5 May 2005, and was of a Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle carrying the CARTOSAT-1 and HAMSAT satellites. As of 2016, 9 PSLVs (all successful) and 6 GSLVs (2 success, 1 partial success & 3 failures) have been launched from the complex. India's 1st Moon Mission, Chandrayaan-1 was launched from this launch pad on 22 October 2008. The most recent launch was of a PSLV-XL C32 on 10 March 2016Satish Dhawan Space Centre Second Launch Pad - (this launch from June 22 is not included in this Wiki entry yet - wait for the update)Launch altitude: 505 km inclination: 97.48 degrees. With that inclination, these 20 satellites are all in polar orbit. Most satellites in low Earth orbit (LEO) on polar trajectories are research satellites.List of co-passenger satellites to be launched:*LAPAN-A3 from Indonesia*BIROS from Germany*M3MSat from Canada*SkySat Gen2-1 from USA*GHDSat-D from Canada*12 Dove Satellites from USA*Two academic/university satellites from India (SATHYABAMASAT and SWAYAM)ISRO has so far launched 57 satellites of foreign countries on eighteen different PSLV missions.You were asking about the US satellites:SkySat Gen2-1 from USA12 Dove Satellites from USAWhy did ISRO take these up into space, when the US has their own launch facilities?I don’t know. Let’s find out.Here is an interesting question on Quora:How much money does ISRO make by launching the foreign satellites and through its other commercial space technology services?ISRO charges around USD 25k/kg to launch satellite. Infact, there are some few countries other than India who charge less/kg than what ISRO does, but the accuracy with which ISRO puts the satellite in its orbit is very high. It generally launches satellites which weighs lesser than 2000kgs. -contributed by Surya Mohanty in a comment attached to that questionThere is a considerable amount of chatter on Quora:How does India benefit by launching other countries' satellites?Why do foreign developed countries send their satellites through ISRO? Is it because it is cost effective?Why do developed nations like France and Canada prefer ISRO to launch their satellites?Just read news that the ISRO will launch NASA's satellite. Is it the proudest moment in the ISRO history to launch NASA's satellite?Other online resources:ISRO Crosses 50 International Customer Satellite Launch MarkWith the successful launch of PSLV-C30 carrying six foreign customer satellites (one each from Indonesia and Canada and four nano satellites from the USA) along with India’s Multi Wavelength Astronomical Observatory ASTROSAT, ISRO crossed the 50 international customer satellite launch mark. All the 51 satellites from abroad launched by India so far have been placed in orbit by India’s workhorse Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle (PSLV). During 1994-2015 period, PSLV has launched a total of 84 satellites of which 51 are for international customers.http://www.isro.gov.in/isro-crosses-50-international-customer-satellite-launch-mark - Government of India, Department of SpaceNEW DELHI: India will launch 25 foreign satellites in 2016-17, using Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle (PSLV). While 12 of these 25 satellites belong to the USA, the remaining 13 belong to six other countries including Germany, Canada, Algeria, Japan, Indonesia and Malaysia.Sharing these facts in response to a Parliament Question in Rajya Sabha, the minister of state in the Prime Minister's Office (PMO), Jitendra Singh, on Thursday said, "The PSLV with its string of successful flights has emerged as one of the most reliable launch vehicles in the world".He said, "Till date, 57 foreign satellites from 21 countries have been succefully launched on-board PSLV, under the commercial arrangement between Antrix Corporation Limited (Antrix) and the foreign clients".India to launch 25 foreign satellites, including 12 of the USA, during 2016-17 - Times of India - The Economic Times of India - March 10, 2016http://www.thehindu.com/sci-tech/science/india-earns-100-million-launching-45-foreign-satellites/article7452376.ece - The Hindu, July 22, 2015 “India earns $100 million launching 45 foreign satellites”ISRO to launch 21 satellites in one shot - The Hindu, April 16, 2016My understanding is that India has a very lucrative and profitable space industry, and they have a reliable launch system. The US has cut back on funding for a number of projects in the space industry of late. If I had to guess, this would be the reason.

HistorySpace Based Solar Power Satellite was first proposed by Isaac Asimov in a 1941 story “Reason” where he describes a space station that beams energy via microwave beam to Earth from deep space. Dr. Peter Glaser described the process in more detail in 1968 from the physics perspective. This after the launch of the massive Saturn V rocket made it clear that humanity actually had the capacity to place sufficiently large payloads on orbit to produce tremendous amounts of power there. In 1973 Glaser who was CEO of Arthur D. Little at the time was issued a patent to beam power from space. In 1974 NASA issued a contract to Arthur D. Little to study Space Based Solar Power. Arthur D. Little found that the concept had several major problems. Chiefly the expense of putting the required materials in orbit and the lack of experience on projects of the required scale in space. From 1978 to 1986, the US Congress authorized the US Department of Energy and NASA to jointly investigate Space Based Solar Power Satellites. The Satellite Power System Concept Development and Evaluation Program created a very thorough study of the concept spending $50 million which expanded upon the problems outlined by Arthur D. Little in their study.My EffortsIn 1996 I began looking at the problem of a long term energy supply for the human race. By 2003 I had patented a multi-spectral approach to solar energy and developed an ultra-low-cost terrestrial solar panel. This eventually evolved into a low cost hydrogen producing solar panel that produced hydrogen when the sun shine from rain water run off from the panels themselves.The approach uses two sheets of 60 micron thick vacuum moulded PET (Polyethylene Terephthalate) film ultrasonically fused together and filled with water to create an array of fisheye lenses that focus the sunlight 10,000 times ambient intensity in a focal plane within each lens that is filled with water. Rice grain sized robots developed by SRI and further developed by me move within each lens to stay within the solar image when it is present. Each small robot efficiently uses high temperature electrolysis in combination with multi-spectral solar conversion. This multi-spectral approach uses all the energy from the sun and achieves 85% overall conversion efficiency.Bubbles of hydrogen and oxygen gas are produced in each lens when the sun shines on these tiny mobile robots and those bubbles flow up the same headers that fill the lens array with filtered rain water so the hydrogen and oxygen end up within a water tank which holds rain water run off. That gas is then separated and hydrogen is compressed and transmitted via gas pipeline to geological storage sites. That hydrogen is then collected as needed transmitted to point of use via gas pipeline and used in a variety of energy intense processes. According to an Accenture study done in 2002 in quantity this process is competitive with all legacy systems.Terrestrial SolarUltra-Low-CostPET plastic has a density of 1.38 g/cc and costs $0.15 per kg for washed used plastic (soda bottles are made of PET plastic) and as much as $0.55 per kg for virgin plastic. Two sheets each 60 microns thick contain a total of 165.6 grams of plastic with a cost between 2.48 cents per square meter to 9.10 cents per square meter depending on the ratio of the two plastic types used.In 2003 CH2MHill completed a study for a 4 km/week production plant for these panels.The panels are 8.25 feet by 4.00 feet and are manufactured with 200 lens array in a 10 by 20 pattern each lens 4.8 inches (121.9 mm) by 4.95 inches (125.7 mm) reliably focuses light to 48/1000th inch (1.219 mm) by 49.5/1000th inch (1.257 mm) spot that is 10,000x the intensity of ambient sunlight.SRI International has developed rice grain sized robots using Micro Electro Mechanical Systems (MEMS).An 11.18 inch (300 mm) diameter wafer contains 31,400 MEMS dies that are each 1.5 mm x 1.5 mm in area. In quantity the wafers cost $625 which reduces the cost of each robot to 1.99 cents each. 200 of these have a total cost of $3.98 for an 8.25 ft (2515 mm) by 4.00 ft (1219 mm) panel. The cost of the primary panel ranges from $0.02 to $0.10 per square meter - so the total cost $0.06 to $0.31 for a total panel cost of $4.04 to $4.29 per panel.A string of 1320 panels form a strip 5280 ft (1610 meters) by 8.25 ft (2.515 meters) cover 1 acre (0.4047 hectare). These strips are placed on the ground prepared so that rain water runs down the length of the strip and collected in a pond at the end of the strip. Water needed for hydrogen production is filtered and treated before being pumped up the strip in a moulded in place header and fills a tank at the other end of the strip. From here the water runs down another header and fills all lenses in the 1320 panel strip.Panels tanks and pumps are delivered to the site shipping container sized blocks and are z-folded together as a single unit, manufactured and folded at that factory after automated testing. They are then laid out by a custom built tractor that picks each block off the shipping container. Deliver is via two access roads, one in the pond end the other at the tank end. A tractor trenches unfolds hold down legs and refills in a single operation. Then turns around, picks up another block and continues back up the hill where another waits. In this way a square mile (2.59 km2) is installed per 8 hour shift. The balance of system cost of each strip is $12,500 while the cost of 1320 panels is $5,650. Gathering systems for high pressure gas collection and transmission along with grading and site acquisition is another $12,200 per strip. So, 640 strips installed in a shift cost $19.42 million. ($7.5 million/km2).With an 18.8% capital utilisation these panels produce 74074 short tons (67,340 metric tons) of hydrogen gas per year. With a 20 year life span and 6.8% discount rate applied to the $19.42 million and with a $1 million operating cost the cost of this hydrogen is $2.8 million per year translating to a cost of $37.80 per short ton ($41.58 per metric ton). With a lower heating value when burned of 51,634 BTU/lb (120.1 MJ/kg) this hydrogen is lower cost than any competing fossil fuel. The amount of rain water required to sustain this level of production is 9.2 inches (234 mm) per year. Surplus rain water run off is discharged from the channel at the pond end of the string array.A study was presented to the OSTP in December 2004 by me detailing how to convert abandoned surface mines in the USA to hydrogen producing regions and connect them to depleted gas and oil wells for hydrogen storage using hydrogen pipelines along rail way rights of way, and then distribute the hydrogen as needed to stationary power plants and shipping ports on the West Coast, Gulf Coast and Atlantic Coast. In this way the USA can come to dominate energy production world wide. I presented a similar plan to China in 2012 and they could achieve the same ends.Off World SolarIn 1996 I presented a plan to NASA in Huntsville, as required by the US Department of Transportation. This was for a reusable rocket that used retropropulsion to land vertically after taking off vertically very similar to the way Neil Armstrong landed on the moon, and the way the DC-X landed. The difference being my rocket was to be multiple staged. The ability to reuse the boosters multiple times has the potential to radically reduce the cost of space access. A critical factor outlined in all Space Based Solar Power studies. Once this was achieved then one could come to dominate space launch and increase profits from under 10% of revenue to over 50% of revenue even when selling launches for 80% the price of all other suppliers. By partnering with various satellite and kick stage builders, this new company could come to be the go-to company for space launch since all people could make more money with lower costs and managing that distribution would allow capture of 50% of all space revenue with very modest investment. That’s because despite a very modest investment in boost build capability being able to reuse rockets 5 to 15 times multiplies your capacity by that factor.Furthermore the profits could be used to organise a spin off company that makes use of surplus launch capacity to launch a large number of satellites (around 10,000) that would operate as a phased array to implement the first node in Vint Cerf’s interplanetary internet and provide direct communications to everyone on Earth via wireless signals. A global wireless hotspot for all. This has the potential to capture $1.45 trillion per year in sales and grow to over $3.63 trillion per year in sales as the 60% of humanity who do not have access to internet suddenly gain that access.The plan was for the launch provider (my company) to receive 30% of this continuing revenue stream and the balance of the revenue go to those already active in wireless communications to benefit from the increased service. This would provide adequate money to build a large two stage to orbit highly reusable launcher using the same retropropulsion technique described. The larger launcher would be used to place an ultra-lightweight solar power satellite in Geosynchronous Orbit and return.This system was to use Simon Ramo’s pintle fed engine which was highly throttable, and was used on the Apollo LEM for that reason. I laid plans with Simon and TRW to acquire TRW assets from Northrup for $5 billion and built a TSTO RLV using this retropropulsion technique. This using hydrogen oxygen engines since eventually we would be using hydrogen throughout our economy, and handling the propellants here was a real benefit.The RL-10 engine had been modified to be deeply throttable for the DC-X, these were to be used in the upper stage. The first stage was to use the TR-106 engine which had been ground tested by TRW as I sought acquisition. The first stage was to be equipped with an annular aerospike nozzle to improve performance.An 11 short ton (10 metric ton) payload TSTO-RLV was to form the first and second stage. An incremental program using a larger stage to lift the first stage as an upper stage for the larger vehicle. The larger booster using four TR-106 engines increases the lift capacity to orbit by a factor of 4. So a 44 ton (40 metric ton) to orbit and a 176 ton (160 metric ton) to orbit vehicle were to be developed. The last had 16 TR-106 engines lifting an upper stage with 4 TR-106 engines. all with aerospike capacity. These stages were all to be interoperable so you could fly a four stage vehicle to land 11 tons (10 metric tons) on the moon and return it to Earth reusing all the parts. Northrup closed TRW and Elon Musk hired key talent and followed elements of the program described here. This caused Northrop to sue Elon’s company which was settled in 2005.TR-106 Ground TestIn 2011 NASA cancelled the Space Shuttle program and the Michoud Assembly Facility was available. So, I developed a program to make use of that facility to impement the highly-reusable launcher program, building a 60 tonne, 240 tonne and 600 tonne capacity and an associated network of satellites and Space Based Solar Power Satellite, and gave a talk at the National Space Society on the program.SpaceX has progressed famously in their development of the Falcon and Falcon Heavy and is progressing with StarLink and BFR. While they have approched the program quite differently than I would have, particularly in their cooperation with join venture partners in a win-win scenario, I applaud their moving along major critical elements of the program.This is a fantastic development! I got my highly reusable low-cost space access at zero out of pocket costs! The price of lifting 165 short tons (150 metric tons) into Low Earth Orbit was quoted at $7 million! So, the age of low cost space access has arrived!Space Based Solar PowerThe critical aspect now is to build proof of concept systems that actually make money with smaller launchers like Launcher One which is capable of placing satellites into the challenging Low Earth Orbit needed to do space based power for the remote power market.Ultra-Lightweight SatelliteIn 1959 a 146 pound (66 kg) satellite that inflated to 100 ft (30.48 m) in diameter. This satellite Echo lasted eight years.My approach to using all colours in the sun to improve efficiency of photocells can be applied to solar pumped thin disk lasers that operate at 20,000x ambient light conditions separated into a number of optical band-pass filters.I have designed a 1100 pound (500 kg) power satellite that’s 683 feet (208 meters) that generates 30 MW of power on the ground using sunlight pumped array of lasers illuminated by selected colors from the sun at 20,000x concentration using electrostatic pressure rather than gas pressure, giving this a 20 year life span, and using GBO polymer mirrors rather than metallized polymer. Both innovations radically reduce weight from the 1950s whilst improving longevity and performance.The 683 foot (208 meter) diameter sphere is made of a spool of 78.74 microinches (2 microns) thick PET that’s 84.46 miles (135.92 km) long strip that is 3.28 ft (1.00 m) wide wound into a spool 23.16 inches (58.83 cm) diameter.The spool unwinds and spreads out because of its self charging in sunlight. It is equipped with rice grained sized robots already described above, which move along the edges to cause the spiral to join into a single sphere - and sunlight that falls on the film that charges the film also powers the robots. These robots fuse the edges into a single sphere. The opacity and reflectivity of the strip changes so that when it is joined it forms a faceted reflector that adjusts the focal point so that spherical aberration is eliminated. A portion of the robots after their assembly task is done, join together in three orthogonal great circles to form inertia rings that point the satellite with extreme accuracy.Photonic ThrusterLaser light is used to propel polymer mirror segments to 54 km/sec forming a solar powered ‘photonic blaster’ to maintain satellite altitude and adjust orbital parameters.Technical details of the proposed system are as follows:Orbit & Satellite Weight500 kg payload240 km altitude30 MW laser power7.77071 km/sec orbital velocity1.48261 hours orbital period1765.12 km - distance to satellite horizon0.13233 hours - charge time (7.94 minutes)330.8 kW continuous power per satellite1,323.3 kW continuous power per 4 satellite constellation.1,984.9 kW continuous power per 6 satellite constellation.Sun Synchronous Polar Sunrise-Sunset OrbitConfigurationI will place four to six satellites at 500 kg each into a sun-synchronous sunrise-sunset orbit capable of powering any of 120 remote micro-grid generators anywhere on Earth at an average 1.25 MW each with an option to place up to 60 in a similar orbit.This orbit will maintain all satellites 100% of the time in sunlightValueI will have four satellites that deliver 30 MW periodically to any of up to 120 stations that produce 1 MW average power. We aim to have clients who serve the remote micro-grid market who are purchasing ground stations at $3 per watt and power at $0.12 per kWh on a 20 year contract, totalling $2.88 billion over 20 years, with a potential to grow the system to 1000 ground stations of 1 MW continuous output each requiring 40 to 60 satellites worth over $23 billion.Details of ConstructionA vacuum formed PET lens filled with water focuses laser energy on to a molten salt storage medium.This is the High Temperature Nuclear Reactor that used molten salt to operate two GE Jet engines at a 2.4 MW level. The technical details of this system built in the late 1950s was adapted to design an aeroderived molten salt CHP system using steam recycling as an intermediary.Each ground station consists of a water filled optical cavity that transmits laser energy to the satellite to request power and providing positioning information. Laser power is received by the ground station and is focused on to a 1 cm wide and 1.5 m long strip using the water filled optic.4 meter diameter by 6 metert all insulated cylinder provides for molten salt energy storage system. The cylinder contains 4 spools each of linked rods 1.5 meters long and 1 cm in diameter. Each spool consists of 95,917 linked rods. Each rod is 1.5 meters long and 1 cm in diameter which together contains 45.2 cubic meters of molten salt which is sufficient to provide 1.25 MW of thermal power over a 12 hour period. An automated feeding mechanism capable of melting all the rods in each spool under a 30 MW laser beam in less than 8 minutes without overheating.This system moves the strip formed by the rods through the focal of point of a laser receiver to heat each rod, whose operating temperature is 1100 C. The rods are then rewound into the insulated container for energy storage. Hot rods are fed to a heat exchanger to produces steam to drive a 1.25 MW thermal turbine with 600 kW electrical and 400 kW thermal in a CHP arrangement.Each spool is heated by a particular satellite each of which appears at a particular time. The system can heat one spool whilst drawing power from another spool and storing yet two more spools.Reusable HTOHL LauncherThe tape technology at the core of both the molten salt storage as well as the large concentrator assembly has also been adapted to transporting propellant into a rocket engine efficiently. The tape handling and manipulation system involving robot swarms is adapted to this purpose and also works to eliminate vibrational modes in light weight launch vehicles. Turbopumps and pressure fed systems are replaced with a simple rotary lock device. A variety of propellant combinations have been developed.The simplest of these is a polymer hydrogen peroxide propellant combination that consists of 'bubble wrap' type high density strips made of polyethylene containing hydrogen peroxide oxidizer and MEMS based detonator on the strip. The system is capable of a 2.8 km/sec exhaust speed at 200 bar chamber pressure using a dual feed arrangement to maintain constant thrust.Larger Systems - Ludicrously Low Cost Power!At 30 MW and 500 kg, a specific energy density of 60,000 Watts/kg . So a 150 tonne system launched by a BFR for $7 million and which costs $345 million in quantity produces 9 billion watts of usable power from a 3.6 km diameter balloon. This assembled from a 40,700 km long strip wound into a 5.1 meters diameter spool thats 1 meter wide.The photonic thruster adaptation is used to boost from Low Earth Orbit to Geosynchronous Orbit.At $352 million capital cost and 9 billion watts of usable power and 20 year life span with a 6.8% discount rate (the same as top tier brokerage firms) with a $32.71 million per year cost. This is 0.041 cents per kWh ($0.41 per MWh!) This is several orders of magnitude better than any terrestrial solar system.Global Energy ConsumptionHumanity spends $6.4 trillion per year on energy each year and the energy is used to generate $80.2 trillion per year in wealth.1892 satellites of the type described beam what we use today. With three launches per day it takes 90.1 weeks, a little less than two years, to put a global system in place. This takes $665.98 billion dollars to capture $6.4 trillion in value. It also sets the stage to rapidly expand our energy use whilst reducing our impact on the environment.As we said 60% of humanity does not have access to the internet. StarLink starts at $1.45 trillion per year and grow to $3.63 trillion per year.Today a thorough analysis of wage rates and energy consumption shows that $6.71 per year of GDP is generated per watt of energy production. The top 34 countries have significantly more energy consumption and significantly more income than the balance of countries. So, access is 14% whilst 86% is underserved. A global $60,000 per capita requires 69.78 TW of power 3.86 times the 18 TW power we use today. Global income $308.8 trillion per year and energy consumption rises from $6.4 trillion to $24.32 trillion per year. Which is nearly 1/3 of the entire economy today.

The commercial arm of ISRO is Antrix Corporation and its headquarter is in Bangaluru. Payloads and sensors are developed at the Space Applications Centre in Ahmedabad. In Bengaluru, at U R Rao Satellite Centre, satellites are designed, developed, assembled and tested. Launch vehicles are developed at the Vikram Sarabhai Space Centre in Thiruvananthapuram. Therefore, ISRO operates through a countrywide network of centres.In India, space research began in 1920s with the studies conducted by the scientists S K Mitra, C V Raman and Meghnad Saha. In 1940s and 50s space related activities started gaining attention nationwide. In our country the space related activities were initiated during the early 1960s when usage of satellites application was in experimental stages in the United States.Dr. Vikram Sarabhai also known as founding father of space programme recognised the benefits of space technologies in India. In 1962, history of space activities reached its first milestone when Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru with scientist Vikram Sarabhai established the Indian National Committee for Space Research (INCOSPAR). Further, in 1963, the first rocket was launched from India in November 1963.ISRO’s timeline of Space Programme are as follows:1960's: Journey of the formation of ISROYearAbout Mission1962The Indian National Committee for Space Research is formed under the leadership of Vikram Sarabhai who is also known as father of India's space program and physicist Kalpathi Ramakrishna Ramanathan.1963The first sounding rocket is launched from Thumba Equatorial Rocket Launching Station in Kerala which is used for probing upper atmospheric regions and space research. It marks the beginning of the Indian space program.1965Space Science and Technology Centre (SSTC) was established in Thumba on 1 Jan, 1965.1967Satellite Telecommunication Earth Station set up at Ahmedabad on 1 Jan 19671968Experimental Satellite Communication Earth Station set up in Ahmedabad, Gujarat1969Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) was formed to harness space technology for national development.1970s: Era of launching Satellites beganYearAbout Mission1971Satish Dhawan Space Centre formed in Sriharikota, Andhra Pradesh.1972Department of Space (DoS) established and ISRO brought under it.1975On 19 April, first Indian Satellite, Aryabhata was launched into space. It marked a milestone in India's space programme because it was completely designed in the country and launched from a Russian facility.1977Satellite Telecommunication Experiments Project1979The first experimental remote-sensing satellite which was built in India was launched namely Bhaskara-I. The images send by it are used to study hydrology and forestry and oceanographic studies.1980s: Satellite launch Vehicle, Communication satellite, remote sensing satellite launchedYearAbout Mission1980India's first experimental satellite vehicle was launched namely Satellite launch Vehicle-3 (SLV-3) which makes ISRO sixth nation in space program. SLV-3 launched second time with Rohini. The mission was successful.1981Rohini placed into orbit.1982Communication Satellite Insat-1A was launched1983Second developmental flight of SLV-3 placed Rohini into orbit.1984A joint manned mission of India and Soviet Union has been launched. In this mission the first Indian cosmonaut, Rakesh Sharma, spends eight days in Russian space station Salyut 7.1987ASLV was launched with SROSS-1 satellite.1988Indian Remote Sensing Satellite IRA-1A was launched1990s: Era of PSLVYearAbout Mission1991Remote Sensing satellite IRS-1B was launched1992ASLV first time was successfully launched1993Developed in 1990s and has become the Indian space mission's most reliable workhorse. In 1993, PSLV carried out its first mission and its first successful mission was held in next year. No doubt for next 20 years, it launched several satellites for historic missions like Chandrayaan and Mangalyaan.1994Successful launch of PSLV with IRS-P21996PSLV was launched with IRS-P31997PSLV was launched with IRS-1D1999PSLV started carrying foreign satellites2001GSLV was successfully launched2002Kalpana-1 satellite was launched2003GSat-2 was launched2004Edusat was launched2005Launch of Cartosat-1 and Hamsat by PSLV2006GSLV was launched with Insat-4C2007Cartosat-2 was launched2008India's Chandrayaan-1 first moon mission was launched by PSLV. Almost a decade ago, India's first unmanned lunar probe was launched and was a landmark in India's space mission. Do you know that after this ISRO joined an elite list of just six space organisations to send an Orbiter to the moon? A Tricolour was hosted on the moon but ISRO lost contact with Chandrayaan-1 soon after.2009Radar Imaging Satellite (Risat-2) was launched2010Launch of Cartosat-2B, STUDSAT and three small foreign satellites by PSLV2011Launch of Resourcesat-2 and two small satellites by PSLV2012Risat-1 was launched by PSLV2013- PSLV-C22 was successfully launched with India's first indigenous Regional Navigation Satellite IRNSS-1A on 1st July, 2013.- PSLV-C25/Mars Orbiter Mission was launched in 5 November, 20132014- GSLV-D5 was successfully launched on 5 January, 2014.- India's first interplanetary mission to the planet Mars known as Mars Orbiter mission (MOM) or Mangalyaan was launched. On 24 September, 2014, MOM entered Mars orbit. India became the first country in the world to insert a spacecraft into the Martian orbit in its very first attempt.- On 18 December, 2014, GSLV Mk-III, the first experimental flight of ISRO's heaviest and upgraded rocket vehicle was launched from Sriharikota.2015- India's 4th navigation satellite was launched.- 100 days of Mangalyaan.- 5 British satellites are launched by ISRO.- On 28 September, 2015, India's first dedicated multi-wavelength space observatory Astrosat was successfully launched onboard a PSLV-C30 rocket.- On 11 November, 2015, latest communication satellite of India GSAT-15 was successfully launched by Ariane-5 rocket from the spaceport of Kourou in French Guiana.- On 16 December, 2015, PSLV-C29, in its 32 flight, launched six satellites of Singapore. Of these six satellites, TeLEOS-1 is the primary satellite whereas the other five are co-passenger satellites.2016- On 20 January, 2016 PSLV-C31 in its 33rd flight launches IRNSS-1E, the fifth satellite of the Indian Regional Navigational Satellite System (IRNSS).- On 10 March, 2016, PSLV-C32 in its 34rth flight, launches IRNSS-1F, the sixth satellite of the Indian regional navigational Satellite System (IRNSS).This is the thirty third consecutively successful mission of PSLV.- On 28 April, 2016, PSLV-C33 in its 35th flight, launches IRNSS-1G, the seventh satellite of the Indian Regional Navigation Satellite System (IRNSS) to a Sub-Geosynchronous Transfer Orbit (Sub-GTO).- On 23 May, 2016, RLV-TD was successfully flight tested.- On 22 June, 2016, PSLV-C34, in its 36 flight launches the 727.5 kg Cartosat-2 Series Satellite for earth observation and 19 co-passenger satellites together weighing about 560 kg at lift-off into a 505 km polar Sun Synchronous Orbit (SSO).- On 28 August, 2016, The first experimental mission of ISRO’s Scramjet Engine towards the realisation of an Air Breathing Propulsion System was successfully conducted.- On 8 September, 2016, GSLV-F05 is the tenth flight of India's Geosynchronous Satellite Launch Vehicle (GSLV), launching INSAT-3DR, an advanced weather satellite, weighing 2211 kg into a Geostationary Transfer Orbit (GTO).- On 26 September, 2016, PSLV-C35, in its 37th flight, launches SCATSAT-1 for weather related studies and 7 co-passenger satellites into polar Sun Synchronous Orbit (SSO).- On 6 October, 2016, India's latest communication satellite GSAT-18 was inducted into the INSAT/GSAT system.2017On 15 February, 2017, ISRO successfully launched 104 satellites using a single rocket from Sriharikota Space Centre.On 5 May, 2017, GSLV successfully launches South Asia Satellite.- On 5 June, 2017, First developmental flight of India's GSLV Mk III successfully launches GSAT-19 Satellites.- On 23 June, 2017, PSLV-C38 successfully launches 31 Satellites in a single flight.- On 29 June, 2017, India's GSAT-17 Communication Satellite launches successfully.- On 31 August, 2017, PSLV-C39 flight carrying IRNSS-1H Navigation Satellite unsuccessful.2018- On 12 January, 2018 PSLV successfully launches 31 Satellites in a single flight.- On 23 March, 2018 ISRO-BHEL tie up for the production of Space Grade Lithium-Ion Cells.- On 29 March, 2018 GSLV successfully launches GSAT-6A Satellite.- On 12 April, 2018 PSLV-C41 successfully launches IRNSS-11 Navigation Satellite.- On 25 April, 2018 GSAT-11 launch rescheduled.- 22 June, 2018, discovery of a Sub-Saturn like Planet around a Sun-like star.- On 16 September, 2018 PSLV-C42 launches 2 foreign satellites.- On 14 November, 2018 GSLV MkIII-D2 successfully launches GSAT-29.- On 29 November, 2018 PSLV-C43 successfully launches HysIS and 30 customer satellites.- On 5 December, 2018, GSAT-11 India's heaviest communication satellite launched successfully from French Guiana.- On 19 December, 2018, GSLV-F11 successfully launches GSAT-7A2019- On 25 January, 2019, PSLV-C44 successfully launched Microsat-R and Kalamsat-V2.- On 6 February, 2019 GSAT-31 India's Communication Satellite launched successfully from French Guiana.- On 1 April, 2019 PSLV-C45 successfully launches EMISAT and 28 customer satellites.- On 22 May, 2019 PSLV-C46 successfully launches RISAT-2B- On 15 July, 2019 Chandrayaan-2 Moon Mission will be launched.ISRO is India's Research and Development Organisation that serve the nation in achieving self-reliance and in building Launch Vehicles. Recently, on 15 July, 2019 Chandrayaan-2 ISRO's second mission to moon will be launched from Satish Dhawan Space Center in Sriharikota in Andhra Pradesh. Above timeline of ISRO’s Space Programme are mentioned that will help in increasing general knowledge as well as in the preparation of various competitive examinations.