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What are the names of the universities in US which are cheaper but really good?

Q. What are the names of the universities in US which are cheaper but really good?A. The 50 Most Affordable Colleges with the Best Return (2014)(BONUS: The 20 Public Colleges With The Smartest Students)by John FerrerRanking of colleges and universities, balance: tuition and expected income on graduating with a bachelor’s degree. Schools keep cost of tuition down but promise high income after graduation. (Ignore the military academies.)1 United States Naval Academy (Annapolis) Annapolis, MDGraduates of the highly ranked liberal arts college obtain a Bachelor’s of Science degree. Graduates receive a commission as an Ensign in the United States Navy or as a Second Lieutenant in the United States Marine Corps. The students called midshipmen, are officers in training. The U.S. Navy pays for their tuition in return for an active-duty service obligation after they graduate. Applicants are required to apply directly to the academy and obtain a nomination, typically from a congressional representative.Website: United States Naval AcademyTuition: freeStarting Salary: $77,100Mid-Career Salary: $131,00015-Year Return: $1,560,7502 United States Military Academy (West Point) West Point, NYThe graduates of the highly ranked liberal arts college receive a Bachelor’s of Science degree. The students, known as cadets are officers in training. The United States Army pays for their tuition in return for an active-duty obligation. Graduates of the United State Military Academy receive a commission as a second lieutenant in the United States Army. Applicants must apply directly to the academy and obtain a nomination, typically from a congressional representative.Website: United States Military Academy (West Point)Tuition: freeStarting Salary: $74,000Mid-Career Salary: $120,00015-Year Return: $1,455,7503 SUNY Maritime College (State University of New York) Throggs Neck, NYSUNY Maritime College, a public institution, is the largest of the six state maritime academies. The college prepares students for careers in the international maritime industry. SUNY Maritime College provides nationally ranked programs in the fields of marine environmental studies, engineering, humanities and international business.Students can combine any bachelor’s degree program with preparation for the professional license as a United States Merchant Marine Officer. Every engineering degree hase received accreditation from the Accreditation Board for Engineering and Technology (ABET).Website: SUNY Maritime CollegeTuition: $5,870Starting Salary: $59,400Mid-Career Salary: $116,00015-Year Return: $1,315,5004 United States Air Force Academy (Colorado Springs) Colorado Springs, COThe core curriculum at the United States Air Force Academy comprises the majority of the academic experience, however the students, known as cadets are required to select a specialized field of study from over 30 majors.The cadets receive military training throughout their four years at the U.S. Air Force Academy which includes courses and instruction in aviation and airmanship. Candidates are required to pass a fitness test and obtain a nomination, typically from a member of Congress in the candidate’s home district.Website: United States Air Force AcademyTuition: freeStarting Salary: $64,900Mid-Career Salary: $109,00015-Year Return: $1,304,2505 Colorado School of Mines Golden, COThe Colorado School of Mines, an engineering and applied sciences public institution, has 21 academic departments including Geophysics, Engineering and Hydrologic Sciences. The school also provides degree programs in Liberal Arts & International Studies and in other areas.The school’s admissions standards are among the highest of any public university in the United States. The Colorado School of Mines has partnerships with local government laboratories. The Colorado School of Mines is one of the world’s major institutions regarding researching and teaching about mining-related engineering.Website: Colorado School of MinesTuition: $14,400Starting Salary: $66,700Mid-Career Salary: $106,00015-Year Return: $1,295,2506 Georgia Institute of Technology Atlanta, GAThe highly ranked Georgia Institute of Technology, also known as Georgia Tech, is one of the nation’s largest research schools. The Carnegie Foundation for the Advancement of Teaching classifies Georgia Institute of Technology as a university with very high research activity.Georgia Institute of Technology’s six schools provide a wide variety of degree programs.Georgia Tech provides a focused, technology based education. Georgia Tech has received accolades for its degree programs in engineering, computing, architecture, the sciences, business, and liberal arts.Website: Georgia Institute of TechnologyTuition: $8,258Starting Salary: $60,700Mid-Career Salary: $108,00015-Year Return: $1,265,2507 University of California – Berkeley Berkeley, CAThe faculty members of the highly ranked University of California, Berkeley, a public research university, have received numerous national and international awards. UC Berkeley includes the prominent Hass School of Business, ranked among the top 25 business schools in the world.The National Research Council ranked more than 40 of the school’s programs among the top 10 in the United States. The College of Letters and Science is the schools largest college.Website: University of California, BerkeleyTuition: $12,864Starting Salary: $54,700Mid-Career Salary: $111,00015-Year Return: $1,242,7508 Missouri University of Science and Technology Rola, MOThe Missouri University of Science and Technology, also known as Missouri S&T, is known as an engineering and science based school. Missouri S&T is renowned for its hard science programs. Its graduates have made great contributions to science. Engineering is the most popular field of study, computer science is far behind in second place. Missouri University of Science and Technology also provides programs in the fields of the arts, social science and business.Website: Missouri University of Science and TechnologyTuition: $7,946Starting Salary: $61,900Mid-Career Salary: $96,10015-Year Return: $1,185,0009 Massachusetts Maritime Academy Buzzards Bay, MAMassachusetts Maritime Academy, a coeducational public institution, provides baccalaureate and master’s of science degrees. The undergraduate academic programs feature several distinct majors and emphasize a blend of technical and professional studies with liberal arts.Graduates of the school’s two oldest programs, Marine Transportation and Marine Engineering obtain two-fold credentials: A Bachelor of Science degree and a professional license as Third Mate or Third Assistant Engineer. The USTS Enterprise is a maritime academy training ship.Website: Massachusetts Maritime AcademyTuition: $1,465Starting Salary: $54,700Mid-Career Salary: $102,00015-Year Return: $1,175,25010 South Dakota School of Mines & Technology Rapid City, SDSouth Dakota School of Mines and Technology, a public institution, provides graduate and undergraduate degree programs in engineering and science fields. Graduates of South Dakota School of Mines & Technology design, construct and operate technology. The school performs research in a number of important areas of science and engineering. South Dakota School of Mines and Technology named a Fulbright Top Producing Institution.Website: South Dakota School of Mines and TechnologyTuition: $8,240Starting Salary: $62,400Mid-Career Salary: $91,80015-Year Return: $1,156,50011 Michigan Technological University Houghton, MIMichigan Technological University provides more than 120 undergraduate areas of study and numerous master’s degrees. The university offers degrees in engineering; business; technology; natural, physical and environmental sciences; social sciences and more.The university performs research in a wide array of areas. The students perform research, often one-on-one with a professor, as part of the academic curriculum. Students participating in the Enterprise Program work with industry sponsors on projects such as wireless communications, environmental sustainability, improved snowboards and more.Website: Michigan Technological UniversityTuition: $13,470Starting Salary: $59,200Mid-Career Salary: $94,70015-Year Return: $1,154,25012 California Polytechnic State University (San Luis Obispo) San Luis Obispo, CAUndergraduates at California Polytechnic State University, also known as Cal Poly, have a variety of majors to choose from. The highly ranked engineering programs are the most popular programs. The school has more than 80 state-of the art laboratories dedicated to the Cal Poly College of Engineering.Students choose a major when they apply for admission. Students take classes in their major beginning in their first year. The courses emphasize active learning methods; they have a high proportion of lab work and field work.Website: California Polytechnic State University - San Luis ObispoTuition: $8,523Starting Salary: $54,000Mid-Career Salary: $99,10015-Year Return: $1,148,25013 New Jersey Institute of Technology Newark, NJNew Jersey Institute of Technology (NJIT), a public research university provides a blend of liberal and technical education. NJIT provides graduate and undergraduate programs in the fields of business, architecture, medical, engineering, science, legal, technological and more. The school provides opportunities for interdisciplinary learning. NJIT is home to the Enterprise Development Center, one of the nation’s largest high-technology business incubators.Website: New Jersey Institute of TechnologyTuition: $12,800Starting Salary: $53,900Mid-Career Salary: $98,00015-Year Return: $1,139,25014 University of California – San Diego La Jolla, CAUniversity of California, San Diego, a public research university, provides a variety of graduate and undergraduate degree programs. The Carnegie Foundation for the Advancement of Teaching has designated UC San Diego as a university with very high research activity. UC San Diego operates four research institutes.The university includes the highly ranked Jacobs School of Engineering and School of Medicine. The faculty includes Nobel Prize, Pulitzer Prize, MacArthur Fellowship, Tony Award and Academy Award winners.Website: University of California San DiegoTuition: $12,192Starting Salary: $49,300Mid-Career Salary: $101,00015-Year Return: $1,127,25015 New Mexico Institute of Mining and Technology Socorro, NMNew Mexico Institute of Mining and Technology, a public research institution, specializes in science, engineering and related fields. Students have opportunities for one-on-one mentoring relationships with professors and opportunities for on-campus employment in one of the numerous research facilities or with research faculty members.New Mexico Institute of Mining and Technology is a world leader in numerous research areas such as astrophysics, hydrology, geophysics, atmospheric physics, geological sciences, information technology and more.Website: New Mexico Institute of Mining and TechnologyTuition: $5,714Starting Salary: $50,500Mid-Career Salary: $99,50015-Year Return: $1,125,00016 Montana Tech Butte, MTMontana Tech of the University of Montana, a public institution, has a heavy focus on technical and scientific education. The school provides 40 academic programs. Students learn from professors (most of them have current industry experience) not from teaching assistants. The classes have an emphasis on teamwork and collaboration. Montana Tech has four main units: College of Technology; College of Letters, Sciences and Professional Studies; School of Mines and Engineering; and the Graduate School.Website: Montana TechTuition: $6,464Starting Salary: $63,100Mid-Career Salary: $83,70015-Year Return: $1,101,00017 University of Virginia Charlottesville, VAThe highly ranked University of Virginia, a public research university, offers a wide array of degree programs. The university’s graduate programs include the highly ranked School of Law and Medicine, Curry School of Education, School of Engineering and Applied Science and the Darden School of Business Administration.Faculty members have received the Pulitzer Prize, MacArthur Award, the Humboldt Awards, the National Book Award and Fulbright Fellowships. UNESCO has designated the University of Virginia campus a World Heritage Site.Website: The University of VirginiaTuition: $10,016Starting Salary: $51,000Mid-Career Salary: $95,70015-Year Return: $1,100,25018 Texas A&M University College Station, TXTexas A&M University, a public research institution, provides a wide array of undergraduate and graduate degree programs. The school’s Cadet Corps is the nation’s largest ROTC program. Texas A&M University has highly ranked graduate offerings via its Mays Business School, Dwight Look College of Engineering and the College of Education and Human Development. Texas A&M University a prominent research university is among the nation’s top 25 for total research expenditures.Website: Texas A&M UniversityTuition: $9,006Starting Salary: $51,900Mid-Career Salary: $94,30015-Year Return: $1,096,50019 University of California – Irvine Irvine, CAUniversity of California, Irvine, a public research institution, offers a wide variety of graduate and undergraduate degree programs. The university has highly regarded graduate programs with specialty offerings at the Henry Samueli School of Engineering and the Paul Merage School of Business.Achievements in the sciences, arts, humanities, management and medicine have collected top national rankings in over 40 academic programs. The Carnegie Classification of Institutions of Higher education has designated UC Irvine as having very high research activity.Website: University of California – IrvineTuition: $11,220Starting Salary: $48,900Mid-Career Salary: $97,20015-Year Return: $1,095,75020 University of California – Davis Davis, CAUniversity of California, Davis, a public research university, provides a wide variety of academic options through its graduate, undergraduate and professional schools and colleges. The University of California, Davis includes the highly ranked School of Law, Graduate School of Management, College of Engineering, School of Medicine and the School of Veterinary Medicine. The university offers a large number of undergraduate majors and graduate programs. UC Davis has an impressive research budget.Website: University of California – DavisTuition: $13,902Starting Salary: $49,000Mid-Career Salary: $97,00015-Year Return: $1,095,00021 Virginia Technological University Blacksburg, VAVirginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, also known as Virginia Tech, is a public institution providing a large number of degree programs through eight colleges, with strengths in technology, science, engineering as well as professional programs. The Virginia Tech Corps of Cadets keeps the military tradition, but comprises only a small fraction of the student population.Virginia Tech is a prominent research school. All students, including undergraduates, have opportunities to benefit from research experiences. Virginia Tech includes the highly ranked College of Engineering.Website: Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State UniversityTuition: $9,617Starting Salary: $51,700Mid-Career Salary: $94,20015-Year Return: $1,094,25022 University of California – Los Angeles Los Angeles, CAThe highly ranked University of California, Los Angeles, also known as UCLA, is a public university. UCLA includes high ranked schools such as the Graduate School of Education and Information Studies; Anderson School of Management; School of Law; Henry Samueli School of Engineering and Applied Science, School of Public Affairs; David Geffen School of Medicine, School of Public Health and the School of Nursing. The Ronald Reagan UCLA Medical Center is one of the nation’s top ranked hospitals.Website: University of California – Los AngelesTuition: $12,862Starting Salary: $49,600Mid-Career Salary: $95,30015-Year Return: $1,086,75023 Oregon Institute of Technology Klamath Falls, OROregon Institute of Technology, also known as Oregon Tech, is a technical and professional public institution with a mission to provide technology education throughout Oregon and the Pacific Northwest region. Oregon Institute of Technology, traditionally known for its engineering and technology programs, also has programs in business, environmental science, management and health professions. Oregon Tech emphasizes sustainability in academic and campus life. The school also emphasizes lab-based instruction. The students can also learn through externships.Website: Oregon Institute of TechnologyTuition: $8,890Starting Salary: $57,000Mid-Career Salary: $86,60015-Year Return: $1,077,00024 Purdue University (Indiana) West Lafayette, INPurdue University, a public university, has a large number of undergraduate and graduate programs as well as renowned research initiatives. The university also has professional degrees in pharmacy and veterinary medicine.Purdue University includes the prominent Krannert School of Management, College of Education, College of Engineering and the College of Pharmacy. More than 20 of nation’s astronauts have Purdue degrees. Purdue University has the fourth largest international student population of all the universities in the United States.Website: Purdue UniversityTuition: $9,992Starting Salary: $54,200Mid-Career Salary: $89,10015-Year Return: $1,074,75025 Stony Brook University (State University of New York) Stony Brook, NYStony Brook University, a public institution and part of the State University of New York (SUNY) system, offers a large number of majors, minors as well as combined-degree programs for undergraduates. The school also has numerous graduate degree programs.Freshmen belong to one of six undergraduate colleges organized based on students’ interests. Undergraduates have research opportunities. The university includes the highly ranked Stony Brook University Medical Center. Stony Brook University is a member of the elite Association of American Universities.Website: Stony Brook UniversityTuition: $5,870Starting Salary: $48,600Mid-Career Salary: $94,30015-Year Return: $1,071,75026 University of California – Santa Barbara Santa Barbara, CAUniversity of California, Santa Barbara (UCSB), a public research institution, has five schools and colleges. UCSB includes the Gervirtz Graduate School of Education, College of Engineering and the Donald Bren School of Environmental Science and Management.Undergraduates at the University of California, Santa Barbara can apply for admissions to the College of Creative Studies, which emphasizes focused studies in one of eight areas: Chemistry, biology, biochemistry, art, literature, computer science, music composition, mathematics and physics.Website: University of California - Santa BarbaraTuition: $12,192Starting Salary: $46,300Mid-Career Salary: $96,20015-Year Return: $1,068,75027 University of Texas – Austin Austin, TXUniversity of Texas, Austin, a public research university, is one of the nation’s largest schools and offers a large number of degree programs. University of Texas, Austin, the flagship institution of the University of Texas System, includes the highly ranked College of Education, McCombs School of Business, College of Fine Arts, Cockrell School of Engineering, College of Pharmacy, School of Nursing and the School of Social Work. The university provides hundreds of study abroad programs.Website: The University of Texas at AustinTuition: $9,816Starting Salary: $50,400Mid-Career Salary: $91,70015-Year Return: $1,065,75028 San Jose State University San Jose, CASan Jose State University, a public institution, part of the California State University system, offers a wide variety of undergraduate and graduate degree programs. The school has strong programs in the fields of education, journalism, healthcare, social work, art and music. Popular areas of study among graduate students include education, engineering, library and information science, and social work. San Jose State University provides Silicon Valley companies with computer science, engineering and business graduates.Website: San Jose State UniversityTuition: $7,303Starting Salary: $50,500Mid-Career Salary: $90,40015-Year Return: $1,056,75029 University of Maryland – College Park College Park, MDUniversity of Maryland, College Park (UMCP), the flagship campus of Maryland’s university system offer more than 120 bachelor’s degrees and more than 100 graduate degrees. UMCP, strong in the sciences, has several schools and departments with records of excellence.UCMP has a strong research orientation. UCMP is involved in cooperative projects with the National Institute of Health, the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) and the Department of Homeland Security. The Physical Science Complex has one of the world’s top quantum science laboratories.Website: University of Maryland – College ParkTuition: $9,162Starting Salary: $50,600Mid-Career Salary: $89,80015-Year Return: $1,053,00030 Rutgers University (New Brunswick, New Jersey) New Brunswick, NJRutgers University New Brunswick, a public institution, has five mini-campus named Cook, Douglass, Busch, College Avenue and Livingston. All the campuses have a unique environment. Busch Campus focuses mainly in academic areas related to the natural sciences. The Livingston Campus is home to the Rutgers Business School. The faculty at Rutgers University, New Brunswick, includes national and international experts in their field. Rutgers University, New Brunswick has more than 170 centers and institutes exploring a range of issues.Website: Rutgers University - New BrunswickTuition: $10,718Starting Salary: $49,700Mid-Career Salary: $90,40015-Year Return: $1,050,75031 University of Michigan – Ann Arbor Ann Arbor, MIThe highly ranked University of Michigan, Ann Arbor provides a wide array of undergraduate and graduate degrees. The university includes the highly ranked College of Engineering, School of Education, Medical School, Law School, Gerald R. Ford School of Public Policy, Stephen M. Ross School of Business, School of Nursing and the School of Public Health. The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, a strong research institution, includes the Institute for Social Research, one of the world’s oldest and largest institutes for social sciences.Website: University of MichiganTuition: $12,948Starting Salary: $54,000Mid-Career Salary: $85,40015-Year Return: $1,045,50032 University of Washington – Seattle Seattle, WAUniversity of Washington, Seattle is the largest university on the west coast. The university includes the highly regarded School of Medicine, School of Nursing, School of Law, the Library and Information School, the College of Engineering and the School of Pharmacy. The university has strong programs in the liberal arts and sciences. More than a third of the University of Washington students enroll mostly or completely in online classes. The University of Washington is a major research school.Website: University of Washington – SeattleTuition: $12,397Starting Salary: $49,300Mid-Career Salary: $89,50015-Year Return: $1,041,00033 Clemson University (South Carolina) Clemson, SCClemson University, a public university and one of the nation’s major research schools, provides a variety of graduate and undergraduate degrees. Clemson University has many nationally ranked graduate programs. The university’s five colleges have more than 100 departments. The Calhoun Honors College educates gifted students who excelled in high school. Creative Inquiry, a unique form of undergraduate research, has a top priority at the university. Clemson University has a military presence.Website: Clemson UniversityTuition: $13,382Starting Salary: $49,000Mid-Career Salary: $89,70015-Year Return: $1,040,25034 George Mason University Fairfax, VAGeorge Mason University (GMU), a public university with several suburban campus locations, offers an array of undergraduate, graduate and professional programs from its colleges and schools. GMU includes the George Mason School of Law. George Mason University has strengths in the basic and applied sciences. George Mason University receives research support from agencies such as the National Science Foundation, National Institutes of Health and the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency.Website: George Mason UniversityTuition: $9,908Starting Salary: $49,800Mid-Career Salary: $88,80015-Year Return: $1,039,50035 Southern Polytechnic State University (Georgia) Marietta, GASouthern Polytechnic State University, a public institution, offers a wide array of majors through its five schools: School of Arts and Sciences, School of Architecture and Construction Management, the School of Engineering, School of Computing and Software Engineering; and the School of Engineering Technology and Management.Southern Polytechnic University, part of the University System of Georgia, has a strong reputation in the areas of science, technology, engineering and related fields.Website: Southern Polytechnic State University Tuition: $5,388Starting Salary: $49,500Mid-Career Salary: $88,80015-Year Return: $1,037,25036 California State Polytechnic University – Pomona Pomona, CACalifornia State Polytechnic, Pomona, also known as Cal Poly Pomona, through eight colleges provides a variety of fields of study. The school has highly respected programs such as the engineering program. Cal Poly Pomona incorporates a learn-by-doing strategy into its project and presentation-based coursework. All of the academic areas utilize the teaching of theory through application. The students at Cal Poly Pomona also obtain a broad-based education via the general education program.Website: California State Polytechnic University – PomonaTuition: $5,472Starting Salary: $48,800Mid-Career Salary: $89,20015-Year Return: $1,035,00037 The College of William and Mary (Virginia) Williamsburg, VAThe Highly ranked College of William and Mary, a public institution, has a long history of liberal arts education. The college has a growing research and science curriculum with a commitment to undergraduate research. Undergraduates have opportunities to work with peers and experienced faculty mentors on projects.The College of William & Mary provides undergraduate, graduate and professional degree programs. The institutions highly ranked schools include the School of Education, Marshall-Wythe School of Law and the Mason School of Business.Website: College of William and MaryTuition: $10,428Starting Salary: $44,500Mid-Career Salary: $93,30015-Year Return: $1,033,50038 West Virginia U Institute of Technology (WVU Tech) Montgomery, WVWest Virginia University Institute of Technology (WVU Tech), a public institution and a division of West Virginia University provides an array of baccalaureate degrees. WVU Tech has gained recognition for its academic programs, especially in STEM subjects. WVU Tech provides nationally renowned ABET accredited engineering programs.The school includes the Leonard C. Nelson College of Engineering and Sciences and the College of Business, Humanities and Social Studies. The school’s strong STEM majors allows the school to provide high quality pre-professional programs.Website: West Virginia University Institute of TechnologyTuition: $5,808Starting Salary: $52,200Mid-Career Salary: $85,00015-Year Return: $1,029,00039 University of Minnesota – Twin Cities Minneapolis, MNUniversity of Minnesota, Twin Cities, a public research university and part of the University of Minnesota system, provides a large number of degree programs. Besides traditional degree programs the university offers bachelor’s degree, master’s degree, doctoral degree and specialty degrees completely online. The university includes the highly ranked College of Education and Human Development, the Carlson School of Management and the Law School. The University of Minnesota, Twin Cites has over 300 exchange programs around the world.Website: University of Minnesota Twin CitiesTuition: $12,060Starting Salary: $48,700Mid-Career Salary: $87,20015-Year Return: $1,019,25040 North Carolina State University Raleigh, NCNorth Carolina State University, also known as NC State, a public research institution, has received national and international rankings for its academic programs and research. NC State has an array of academic departments serving graduate students such as the highly ranked engineering school, well known for its nuclear and biological/agricultural engineering programs. NC State is part of the Research Triangle along with The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and Duke University in Durham.Website: North Carolina State UniversityTuition: $8,206Starting Salary: $48,500Mid-Career Salary: $86,80015-Year Return: $1,014,75041 University of Arizona Tucson, AZUniversity of Arizona, a public research university offers a large number of academic and professional programs. The university includes the prestigious School of Public Administration and Policy, College of Engineering, College of Nursing and the Eller College of Management.Programs such as geosciences, management information systems and rehabilitation counseling have received high rankings. The university’s Department of Astronomy has received recognition as one of the best in the world. The university is a member of the Association of American Universities.Website: University of ArizonaTuition: $10,390Starting Salary: $48,400Mid-Career Salary: $86,90015-Year Return: $1,014,75042 University of Delaware Newark, DEUniversity of Delaware, includes seven colleges. Although the university receives public funding it has a private charter. The university provides a large number graduate degree programs. The highly ranked College of Engineering and the School of Education provide graduate programs. The university of Delaware also provides a large number of undergraduate programs. Students in the school’s nationally acclaimed Undergraduate Research Program work with faculty members as research assistants.Website: University of Delaware Tuition: $12,112Starting Salary: $50,300Mid-Career Salary: $85,00015-Year Return: $1,014,75043 University of Illinois at Chicago Chicago, ILThe University of Illinois at Chicago (UIC), a public research university, is one of the universities with the highest research classification from the Carnegie Foundation. Through the UIC Undergraduate Research Experience, college students can pair up with a faculty mentor and create a research project in an array of academic areas.UIC includes the recognized College of Education, Liautaud Graduate School of Business and an engineering school. The Honors College resembles a small liberal arts college situated in a large research university.Website: University of Illinois at ChicagoTuition: $10,406Starting Salary: $48,200Mid-Career Salary: $86,80015-Year Return: $1,012,50044 University of Alabama – Huntsville Huntsville, ALUniversity of Alabama, Huntsville, also known as UA Huntsville, is a public university and part of the University of Alabama System. The university is located in the Cummings Research Park, a major international center for advanced technological research. The school’s location provides faculty members and students unique opportunities. The university also helps NASA reach its goals. The University of Alabama, Huntsville has received recognition for its engineering and science programs.Website: University of Alabama - HuntsvilleTuition: $9,192Starting Salary: $49,600Mid-Career Salary: $85,10015-Year Return: $1,010,25045 University of Houston Houston, TXThe University of Houston, a public research university, operates more than 40 research centers and institutes on campus. The Carnegie Foundation classifies the University of Houston as a Tier One research university. The University of Houston Law Center has received recognition for its intellectual property law, healthcare law and part-time law programs. The university also includes the Cullen College of Engineering, the C.T. Bauer College of Business and other graduate schools.Website: University of HoustonTuition: $9,318Starting Salary: $49,500Mid-Career Salary: $85,20015-Year Return: $1,010,25046 Miami University (Ohio) Oxford, OHMiami University, a public research university, provides a wide variety of graduate and undergraduate degrees. Graduate and undergraduate students have numerous opportunities to perform research. Miami University ranks first among public colleges in the United States for the rate of undergraduate students who study abroad.Miami University has the following academic divisions: The School of Education; College of Arts and Science; School of Engineering and Applied Science; College of Education, Health and Society; the Farmer School of Business and the School of Creative Arts, College of Professional Studies and Applied Sciences and the Graduate School.Website: Miami University of OhioTuition: $13,266Starting Salary: $47,300Mid-Career Salary: $87,20015-Year Return: $1,008,75047 Binghamton University (State University of New York) Binghamton, NYBinghamton, SUNY, a public research institution, has a dedication to undergraduate education. The school also provides graduate degrees from the highly ranked Department of Public Administration, Department of History and the Department of Psychology.Binghamton University has gained recognition for its sustainability efforts. The university has one of the nation’s largest study abroad programs. Binghamton University emphasis entrepreneurship via its Entrepreneurship Across the Curriculum program. Binghamton University consists of six schools.Website: Binghamton University (State University of New York)Tuition: $6,170Starting Salary: $47,200Mid-Career Salary: $86,90015-Year Return: $1,005,75048 Baruch College (City University of New York) New York City, NYCUNY, Bernard M Baruch College, known as Baruch College has three schools providing graduate and undergraduate programs: The Weissman School of Arts and Sciences, Zicklin School of Business and the School of Public Affairs. The Zicklin School of Business is one of the nation’s largest business schools and its received AACSB accreditation.The Division of Continuing and Professional Studies provides many non-degree and certificate courses. Baruch College provides solid education in business, the arts and sciences and professional education.Website: Baruch College (City University of New York)Tuition: $5,730Starting Salary: $48,500Mid-Career Salary: $85,40015-Year Return: $1,004,25049 Auburn University (Alabama) Auburn, ALAuburn University, a public university, offers more than 140 degree programs. Auburn University has highly ranked programs in the fields of pharmacy, architecture, engineering, veterinary science, forestry and business. Auburn University has graduated six astronauts. The university emphasizes international education.Auburn University has a global impact via modern agricultural extension as well as forestry/wildlife programs. The university provides vital research in the sciences, mathematics, pharmaceutical, nursing, education and human science areas.Website: Auburn UniversityTuition: $9,852Starting Salary: $45,500Mid-Career Salary: $87,90015-Year Return: $1,000,50050 James Madison University (Virginia) Harrisonburg, VAJames Madison University, a public research university, offers a large number of graduate and undergraduate degree programs. The university has its main emphasis on undergraduate students. James Madison University offers an education with a foundation based on a wide range of liberal arts.James Madison University has an extensive variety of professional and pre-professional programs enhanced by numerous learning experiences outside of the classroom. James Madison University has a strong study abroad program as well as exchange programs via partner institutions throughout the world.Website: James Madison UniversityTuition: $9,176Starting Salary: $48,000Mid-Career Salary: $85,20015-Year Return: $999,000The 20 Public Colleges With The Smartest StudentsPeter JacobsWith the rapidly rising price of college tuition, many top students are realizing you don't need to pay an arm and a leg for a quality education, and that state schools are just as great.The College of William and Mary is the public college with the smartest students, according to data put together by Niche. To compile this ranking, we looked at Niche's lists of smartest girls and smartest guys.We've included student quotes from Niche to illustrate the student intellect and academic caliber of each school.#20 University of Florida — Gainesville, FloridaAP Photo/John Raoux"I'm busy! But it's manageable. My program focuses on making connections among peers and professors, so we are a very close-knit bunch that provides each other with support whenever it's needed. Having the same classes with peers and professors allows close bonds to develop that will last a lifetime."Visit Niche for more on University of Florida.#19 SUNY Geneseo — Geneseo, New YorkVia Wikimedia Commons"This school is very rigorous and hard. However you know that you are getting an amazing education and are being taught by some of the best people. The workload is also tough but it's nothing you can't handle. As long as you keep on top of your work you will succeed."Visit Niche for more on SUNY Geneseo.#18 New Mexico Institute of Mining & Technology — Socorro, New MexicoVia Flickr"There are a lot of classes and opportunities for extra-curricular activities. There are also a lot of people and professors that are included in the real-world of your future occupation and you can ask them to help you or include you in their research."Visit Niche for more on New Mexico Institute of Mining & Technology.#17 California Polytechnic State University — San Luis Obispo, CaliforniaVia Wikimedia Commons"You literally learn by doing and it's the best. I actually remember the things I learn when I applied them in class and labs. It's awesome. Having to take GE's sucks, but it always does. Major courses are super awesome."Visit Niche for more on California Polytechnic State University — San Luis Obispo.#16 University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign — Urbana-Champaign, IllinoisFlickr/VSmithUK"There are many hard working students at University of Illinois. Since there are over 40,000 students, you'll find all sorts of people of your interest and similarities."Visit Niche for more on University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign.#15 University of California, San Diego — San Diego, CaliforniaVia Flickr"The quality of people at the university is superb; intelligent, attractive, bright, and all extremely hard-working and sociable."Visit Niche for more on University of California, San Diego.#14 University of Wisconsin — Madison, WisconsinVia Flickr"Everyone here is very intelligent and extremely hard working. With all the hard work does come with a lot of fun ranging from fraternity events to football games to laying out on Bascom Hill, the people at this university are amazing to say the least."Visit Niche for more on University of Wisconsin — Madison.#13 Truman State University — Kirksville, MissouriVia Wikimedia Commons"The academics at Truman definitely keep students busy but aren't unmanageable especially with a staff that is, for the most part, open and more than willing in aiding in student success."Visit Niche for more on Truman State University.#12 University of California, Davis — Davis, CaliforniaVia Wikimedia Commons"My professors are all so knowledgeable and helpful and most TAs are really great and helpful as well. The curriculum are great. I always feel challenged."Visit Niche for more on University of California, Davis.#11 Michigan Technological University — Houghton, MichiganVia Wikimedia Commons"I love my professors — all of them seem dedicated to their job, as well as understanding. The workload is more than most schools, but the best isn't the easiest!"Visit Niche for more on Michigan Technological University.#10 University of Maryland, Baltimore County — Baltimore, MarylandVia Wikimedia Commons"UMBC is a very good school with heavy emphasis on the sciences. Most students are either science majors or are science majors who want to be doctors. Obviously most students are very serious about their academics."Visit Niche for more on University of Maryland, Baltimore County.#9 New College of Florida — Sarasota, FloridaVia Flickr"Unlike most other undergrad programs, New College puts you in direct contact with your professors- who actively encourage you to visit them to talk about the classes and possible projects. If you have a dream, New College will work with you to make it happen."Visit Niche for more on New College of Florida.#8 University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill — Chapel Hill, North CarolinaGrant Halverson/Getty Images"Heavy workload, but manageable. Professors are simply the best in their field. Popular study areas are biology, psychology, business."Visit Niche for more on University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill.#7 Colorado School of Mines — Golden, ColoradoVia Flickr"Mines is great on the academic side. The work load is difficult but reasonable. The professors are all very invested in your process of learning and provide plenty of help for your success. The curriculum is well known around the country for being one of the best in Engineering."Visit Niche for more on Colorado School of Mines.#6 University of Michigan — Ann Arbor, MichiganGregory Shamus/Getty Images"I'm not exaggerating when I say the academics here are 'the best.' They truly push students to grow and push past limits they place on themselves. The environment is so conducive to learning and there are so many places to meet up with friends, lab partners, or members of a group project to get all your work done."Visit Niche for more on University of Michigan — Ann Arbor.#5 University of California, Los Angeles — Los Angeles, CaliforniaVia Wikimedia Commons"There are students from different backgrounds whom which I learn a lot from. There is a lot of reading but it's interesting and doable. There are also a lot of internship opportunities, as well as scholarship opportunities."Visit Niche for more on University of California, Los Angeles.#4 University of Virginia — Charlottesville, VirginiaVia Wikimedia Commons"The academics here are stellar. Brilliant, engaging, helpful professors are the norm. Though I don't have experience with faculty in every department, my first hand combined with what I've heard from friends points towards high quality across the board."Visit Niche for more on University of Virginia.#3 Georgia Institute of Technology — Atlanta, GeorgiaScott Cunningham/Getty Images"I think there is nothing sexier than intelligence in both men and women, and the good thing about Tech is that most everyone is smart here."Visit Niche for more on Georgia Institute of Technology.#2 University of California, Berkeley — Berkeley, CaliforniaVia Wikimedia Commons"Berkeley is nationally ranked in almost every academic discipline. If you want great academics at a fraction of the cost of an Ivy, then look no further."Visit Niche for more on University of California, Berkeley.#1 College of William & Mary — Williamsburg, VirginiaAP Photo/Scott K. Brown"Studying at William and Mary is strongly emphasized. Everyone pushes themselves to work hard and get good grades. Those who go above and beyond are highly respected. We pride ourselves on our studying habits and our willingness to work hard to learn. We like to feel challenged."Visit Niche for more on College of William and Mary.

Which Native American tribe ended up the best off?

In one way, the Navajo and in another way the Southern Ute are examples of tribes who have done well.After the Long Walk the Navajo succeeded again and again in getting their land base expanded. Most tribes lost much or all of their treaty lands between 1868 and 1960. This did not happen for the Navajo. Time and again their culture, strategies and leaders found allies in the US government and out of it who applied pressure. The first reservation boundaries were in 1868. The US government had wanted to force all the Navajo to move to Oklahoma, then known as Indian Territory. The Navajo leaders said they would rather die. The large number of deaths and corruption at the interment camps that had held the 9,000 Navajo for 4 years had become a scandal. A number of Anglos were very taken with Navajo culture and argued their case. The first reservation in 1868 was a small part of their original land centered on Canyon de Chelly.The first expansion was in 1878. It was expanded about 13 or 14 times. The last major expansion was in 1930s. In recent years they have been buying land as well. Here is the map of land additions.In 1887 the Navajo lost some land in the eastern New Mexico area. Powerful New Mexico political interested opposed the land given to them in the area. Some areas were rescinded. The Dawes Act passed and land was allotted to some families there. The government said that land "left over" after all members had received allotments was to be considered "surplus". This was sold to non Navajo or given to state or BLM or other uses. Some places the subsurface and surface rights are owned by different entities. The allotment program continued until 1934. The eastern part is today called the “Checkerboard Rez”.Here is the map of today’s reservation. The area that is tan in the lower left is not Navajo land but the Hopi reservation. The Navajo Nations today is the size of Holland and Belgium combined or the states of Mass, Conn, VT, NH, and RI combined.With that expansion of land base into a portion of their original territory came some natural resources. For the time from 1868 to about 1970 they could not negotiate royalties on their own. Many disgraceful deals were made by the US Secretary of the Interior and the BIA. What money that was collected as royalties was often mismanaged or lost. The courts finally recognized this and a portion of those funds that should have been in trust have been returned under the Cobell settlement in 2009. The tribe is using some of that money to buy back land. The tribe has over time been able to strike better deals for its coal, oil and natural gas. It now has the largest contiguous irrigated farm in the US. Navajo Agricultural Products IndustryThe Navajo have also grown in population. After the Long Walk the population was about 11,000 people. Around 1908 they had grown to 29,000. Today there are 332,129 enrolled members in 2010. About 160,000 to 200,000 live on the reservation or right near it. The Navajo language is still spoken by about 60% of the population and one can hear it everywhere. Traditional religion is still practiced by at least 1/3 of the population. They now have full control of their government. The new religion (for the Navajo since the 30s) of Native American Church (NAC) is practiced by many as well. Navajo art and culture are alive and thriving. There is modern Navajo bands and music and art as well. They have a regular justice department but have also developed an alternative court system based on traditional values. They have radio and a newspaper. They run schools and have a tribal college, Dine College, which was the first tribal college in the country in 1968. They also have Navajo Technical University in 3 locations.The other tribe that has done very well are the Southern Ute. https://www.southernute-nsn.gov/ They gained control over their gas resources in the 1970s. They built their own companies in the 1990s. They created a sovereign wealth Permanent Fund and other investments. Southern Ute Indian Tribe As late as the 1950s, many Southern Ute had no running water or income. Today tribal businesses are in 14 states and range from Gulf crude to upscale San Diego real estate. The 1,400 or so tribal members are, collectively, worth billions. Up into the 1960s because of bad federal policy and poor oversight, many Southwestern tribes, got bad deals. When a company wanted to gouge a reservation's land for coal, or drill for oil and gas, it would negotiate not with the tribe, but with the Department of Interior, which leased the land to the highest bidder. The tribes had to approve the leases but were otherwise powerless, and they generally lacked the expertise and data to make good energy decisions. The federal government managed, audited and collected royalties on the leases. Much of that was not collected as it should have been and what was collected was mismanaged. This was later the subject of the Cobell suit and other cases against the US.In the 1960s the tribe received less than $500,000 per year in royalties. This was a small fraction of what the oil companies were making and far less than it was owed. In the late 1960 through the 70s laws changed. The Southern Utes joined 24 other tribal leaders to form the Council of Energy Resource Tribes, or CERT, modeled after the international OPEC cartel, to consolidate their political power. In 1982, in an effort to improve oversight, Congress created the Minerals Management Service and passed the Indian Mineral Development Act, which gave tribes the power to negotiate mineral leases. That same year, the U.S. Supreme Court made a favorable ruling in a case involving the Apaches, saying that tribes could levy a severance tax on oil and gas produced on their lands. The Southern Ute started auditing their own gas. Even today the oil companies try to cheat. In 2010,based on information from Southern Ute auditors, the feds fined BP America $5.2 million for underreporting the amount of gas it had been producing on Southern Ute lands.“The Tribe’s business portfolio originated with the formation of Red Willow Production Company in 1992 and the purchase of Red Cedar Gathering Company in 1994. Red Willow was originally formed to buy back natural gas leases and to upgrade the performance of gas wells on the Reservation. However, Red Willow could not convince local gathering companies to increase their capacity to transport the Tribe’s new volumes of gas to the interstate pipelines. To solve this problem, the Tribe partnered with the Stephens Group in 1994, and purchased Red Cedar to gather, process and transport natural gas from the Reservation”When Red Willow took over 54 gas wells in 1995, it quadrupled their production within nine months.….The Growth Fund’s business portfolio initially contained only Red Willow, Red Cedar and a few small Tribal Organizations: Department of Energy, Utilities Division and the Sky Ute Fairgrounds….Tribal Council instructed the Growth Fund to diversify operations off of the Reservation and into other ventures and investments. Since 2001, Red Willow has expanded its operations into nine states and the Gulf of Mexico, and Aka Energy was created to gather and treat natural gas off of the Reservation…..the Tribe established the Tierra Group to manage the Tribe’s real estate portfolio. Later, GF Properties Group was formed and Tierra folded under GF Properties which now manages the Tribe’s commercial/office, apartment, industrial, hotel, mixed-use and master planned communities. GF Private Equity Group was formed to invest in private equity funds and businesses.The Permanent Fund and the Growth Fund: The Permanent Fund invests energy royalties and casino profits in securities, which generate a steady revenue to pay for government and social services.Other revenue goes into the Growth Fund, which in turn invests in what is now a myriad of companies in energy, real estate and private equity. That fund then distributes dividends to tribal members between the ages of 26 and 59 and retirement benefits to those over 60. The numbers vary year by year. Most yeas is is about $70,000. The tribe's net worth now stands at somewhere between $3.5 billion and $14 billion.How Colorado’s Southern Utes Took Control of Their Economic Destiny - IndianCountryToday.comBusiness Empire Transforms Life for Colorado Ute TribeNB: It has been noted by L. Dale Richesin that there should be a mention of the 13 Alaska Native Regional Corporations. I agree. They are enormous economic players in Alaska and the NW and are diversifying in investments across the country. Here is his list of the top three. Which Native American tribe ended up the best off?The ANCSA Corps were created in the Alaska Settlement Act in 1971. The regional Native corporations and several village corporations employ 58,000 people worldwide, with about 16,000 of those jobs in Alaska. Native corporations are the largest private landowners in Alaska, with title to a total of 44 million acres. The Act gave even more land to the state of Alaska. Most of the land had been considered federal before that. In Alaska, tribal members are shareholders in the Regional Corps. There are also about 198 or so Alaska Village corporations that people are shareholders in as well. Alaska Native Village Corporation Association There is only one small reservation in SE Alaska. The political structure of tribal life for the 229 tribes in Alaska is therefore slightly different. List of Alaska Native tribal entities - WikipediaAlaskan Tribes: By Regional OrganizationsAny tribe that is dong well now however, should be very careful and beware. Two of the most wealthy tribes in the past 100 years lost most of what they had when Anglo Americans decided to change the game and take it from them. In the 1950s the Klamath Tribes of Oregon was the most wealthy in the US. In 1870 they had started n to the lumber business with a sawmill. By 1896 the sale to parties outside of the reservation was estimated at a quarter of a million board feet. In 1911 the rail came and they increased more. They were the only tribe in the United States that paid for all the federal, state and private services used by our members.In 1954, the Klamath Tribes were terminated from federal recognition as a tribe by an act of congress. A report from the Bureau of Indian Affairs (BIA) which concluded that the Klamath Tribes were NOT ready for termination and recommended against it. Despite this consistent official opposition from the Tribes and the BIA, congress adopted the Klamath Termination Act. Powerful politicians did not like Native people doing well. Oregon Senator Richard L. Neuberger, (Democrat) and Oregon Representative Albert Ullman, (Democrat) worked together to try to delay implementation of the Klamath termination law. They failed because of Senator Arthur V. Watkins, a Republican from Utah. He had the belief that Native people should be assimilated and all special status lifted. He worked with William H. Harrison (Wyoming), Orme Lewis of Arizona, EY Berry of SD, Patrick McCarran of Nevada, Karl Mundt of SD, William Langer of ND, and Henry Jackson of Washington. They lost their land base of approximately 1.8 million acres was taken by condemnation and the Klamaths were terminated as a Tribe. They became impoverished. It was not until 1986 that they were successful in restoring of Federal Recognition for the Klamath Tribes.The other large example is the Osage who gained wealth by controlling their oil mineral rights. This was because they owned the land. Oil was discovered in 1897. In 1923 alone the tribe took in more than thirty million dollars, the equivalent today of more than four hundred million dollars. 1921 the United States Congress passed a law requiring that courts appoint guardians for each Osage. Supposedly to “prevent swindles” on the Osage people, the government appointed guardians to the Osage who were deemed “incompetent” to handle their finances. Stories in papers claimed outrage the Native people had wealth and were “wasting it” on fancy cars and nice clothes and trips to Europe. 93 percent of tribal funds held in government trust went toward the costs of administering the guardianship system. A government study estimated that by 1924 nearly 600 guardians had swindled some $8 million in Osage oil funds.If they had been able to invest $8 million even after the Depression they would be very wealthy today. During this time tens of people were murdered for their money. The FBI came in but they did little. The tribe was even charged by the FBI $21,509.19 for the bureau’s investigation (about 300,000 today). In 2000 the Osage Nation filed a suit against the Department of the Interior, alleging that it had not adequately managed the assets and paid people the royalties they were due. The suit was settled in 2011 for $380 million and commitments to improve program management. This was pennies on the dollar. Did You Know?The Osage Murders: Oil Wealth, Betrayal and the FBI’s First Big Case

How can I identify a meteor stone?

Thanks for the A2A.I have read that there is likely one discoverable meteorite on the surface of the Earth every square mile - that is a lot of meteorites waiting to be discovered! Finding them is not easy; nor is identifying them once you find them. That comes with practice and knowing what is a meteorite and what is a ‘meteor-wrong.’ Meteorites have several distinguishing characteristics from terrestrial rocks on Earth. Most meteorites have most or all of the following characteristics I discuss below. Some meteorites take chemical testing in labs to confirm that they are extraterrestrial. The most common characteristics of meteorites are:Fusion crust - the melted surface of the meteorite which occurs during its high velocity descent through Earth’s atmosphere. Fresh falls have a black, shiny coating or a black ‘ash’ coating that is very thin. The fusion crust may change color because of the exposure to elements or may disappear altogether. The fusion crusts that have been exposed for years to 1,000’s of years and are still intact a generally have a rusty brown look.2. Regmaglypts - shallow depressions and deeper cavities, looking very much like ‘thumbprints’ that have been pressed into clay. Most iron meteorites are covered with regmaglypts. These ‘thumbprints’ are caused by the turbulence of the atmosphere rushing over the surface of an incoming meteorite.Above, Gibeon Meteorite with distinct regmaglypts. Credit: Cascadia Meteorite Laboratory, Portland State University3. Density - more than just weight, it the weight divided by the volume, or how heavy the rock is for its size. Iron meteorites weigh up to 3.5 times that of an Earth rock, such as a piece of limestone, quartz or granite of the same size; chondrite meteorites weigh about 1.5 times terrestrial rocks such as a piece of limestone, quartz or granite of the same size In the field, comparing a suspected meteorite with an Earth rock of the same size you will be able to guess whether or not it feels heavy for its size - it will feel somewhat to extremely heavy to the weight of an ordinary rock. But remember, density alone is not nearly diagnostic of a meteorite alone, you need a lot more than ‘it sure feels heavy.’4. Magnetism - most meteorites contain iron-nickel metal and will easily attract a magnet. You can use an ordinary, inexpensive magnet (such as a refrigerator magnet) to test the stone. It will either stick to the stone or you can suspend the magnet on a string to see if it is attracted. Caution: a lot of Earth rocks contain magnetite and hematite and will attract the magnet. To test whether magnetite or hematite is present, rub the stone across the inside of a toilet tank or back of a tile - if it streaks red it is hematite; if it streaks black it is magnetite and therfore it is not a meteorite.Above, streak test with hematite on tile results in red streak. Credit: meteorite-identification.comAbove, streak test with magnetite on tile results in black streak. Credit: meteorite-identification.com5. Iron-nickel metal - most meteorites contain at least some iron-nickel metal alloy that will be shiny on a broken portion of meteorite. If it doesn’t have any iron-nickel, then the chances that it is a meteorite fall dramatically. The iron in meteorites have a nickel content [up to 7%] that is not natural in Earth rocks; if it is present, it is definitive proof that it is a meteorite, but it requires chemical analysis or acidic etching to confirm. The dagger of King Tutankhamun was proven to be made of meteoritic iron in this way. [See Keith Lemons's answer to How do they know Tutankhamun's dagger was made with iron from a meteorite vs made on another planet?] Meteorites without the presence of iron-nickel metal are extremely rare, but will have the other characteristics of meteorites making identification possible, but more difficult in some instances. Iron meteorites have a dense, silvery appearing interior and will not have holes or crystals, but usually will be covered in regmaglypts and sometimes alien-looking molten iron natural designs such as the Tamentit meteorite [below]. Stony iron meteorites are about half metal - half crystals of often beautiful green or orange peridot/olivine such as the Esquel meteorite shown below. Stony meteorites contain small flecks of shiny metallic grains that are evenly distributed throughout such as the Faucett meteorite shown below. Stony meteorites are divided into two types, chrondrites and achondrites. Chondrites, the most common, will have chondrules [see below] while the achondrites do not. The achondrites were formed by the melting of their parent bodies, usually asteroids; and, meteorites blasted from the surface of the Moon and Mars are also achondrites.Above, the Tamentit (Algeria) meteorite, weighing half a ton, was discovered in the sands of the Algerian Sahara in 1864 near of Tamentit city . It is currently on display at Parc Vulcania (Puy-de-Dôme), on loan from the Museum national d'Histoire naturelle de Paris. Credit: Ji-Elle, Public DomainAbove, polished section of the Faucett meteorite, an ordinary chondrite, exhibiting metal grains of iron-nickel alloy. Credit: Randy Koratev, meteorites.wustl.eduAbove, a slice of the stoney-iron Esquel meteorite. This type of meteorite is from the core-mantle boundary of an ancient planetoid that was smacked apart billions of years ago. The metal is iron/nickel core material and the crystals are peridot from the mantle area. Source/Credit: Collection of Doug Bowman, Creative Commons 2.0 License6. Chondrules - small balls (1mm/1/25th” across) of stony material found in meteorties called chondrites, the most common meteorite. You need to saw the meteorite with a diamond saw or break the meteorite to see the chondrules. [Note: The chondrite meteorites are the most primitive meteorites and consist of aggregates of materials formed in the solar nebula, made prior to the formation of planets - some prior to the formation of the solar system itself. You can see why I consider it such a privilege to see and examine these meteorites in person.]Above, a slice of the Hart (TX) chondrite meteorite from my home town in the Texas Panhandle showing chondrules. Source/Credit: Keith D. Lemons Meteorite CollectionIt is a thrill to find and identify a meteorite. It often takes some work, study and advice, but it is worth the effort. There are many websites that give instruction as to what to look for in determining whether or not something is a meteorite or a ‘meteor-wrong’. I think I have probably looked at most of them over the years and I owe much of what I know to them collectively and will list several of them below, in no particular order.How to Identify Meteorite WebsitesUniversity of New Mexico -http://meteorite.unm.edu/meteorites/meteorite-museum/how-id-meteorite/2. Washington University St. Louis - Meteorite or MeteorWrong -index3. Arizona State University - Meteorite ID | Meteorite | Center for Meteorite Studies | ASU4. Portland State University - meteorite identification5. Geology and Earth Science News, Articles, Photos, Maps and More - Meteorite Identification:6. Aerolite Meteorites - Have You Found a Meteorite7. Meteorites for Sale website - About Meteorites & Meteorite Identification8. The Meteorite Exchange website - Meteorite Identification9. The Meteorite Market - The Meteorite Market10. Meteorite-Identification Website -Meteorite Home Tests

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I have a decent PDF editor that I use most of the time (PDF-XChange), but occasionally I need some higher-powered tools, usually once a month or so. The tools I use on CocoDoc are usually Compress PDF and Unlock PDF. It does these tasks very well. I sometimes also use it for PDF to Word or PDF to Excel; these are more hit or miss, depending on the complexity of the document.

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