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Why aren’t there more black developers?I think a lot of this has to do with what part of the country you live in (assuming the OP is in America)For instance, the number of Black software engineers that I encounter in Atlanta, GA has dramatically increased during the course of my almost 20 years in the field.Now, I have worked at a few companies where almost half of the developers were Black. Of course, I have worked at many more companies were I was the sole Black developer. But still… I’m seeing progress.But to answer the question more directly, one of the things that we have to remember is that American schools weren’t desegregated until 1964. But of course, that was just a law that was passed. It took many many years for this to happen in actuality.Consider this timeline for a moment1963 62% of Americans — 73% of Northerners and 31% of Southerners — believe Blacks and Whites should attend the same schools.Two African American students, Vivian Malone and James A. Hood, successfully register at the University of Alabama despite George Wallace's "stand in the schoolhouse door" — but only after President Kennedy federalizes the Alabama National Guard.For the first time, a small number of black students in Alabama, Mississippi, Louisiana and Mississippi attend public elementary and secondary schools with white students.1964 The Civil Rights Act of 1964 is adopted. Title IV of the Act authorizes the federal government to file school desegregation cases. Title VI of the Act prohibits discrimination in programs and activities, including schools, receiving federal financial assistance.The Rev. Bruce Klunder is killed protesting the construction of a new segregated school in Cleveland, Ohio.1968 The Supreme Court orders states to dismantle segregated school systems "root and branch." The Court identifies five factors — facilities, staff, faculty, extracurricular activities and transportation — to be used to gauge a school system's compliance with the mandate of Brown. (Green v. County School Board of New Kent County)In a private note to Justice Brennan, Justice Warren writes: "When this opinion is handed down, the traffic light will have changed from Brown to Green. Amen!"1969 The Supreme Court declares the "all deliberate speed" standard is no longer constitutionally permissible and orders the immediate desegregation of Mississippi schools. (Alexander v. Holmes County Board of Education)1971 The Court approves busing, magnet schools, compensatory education and other tools as appropriate remedies to overcome the role of residential segregation in perpetuating racially segregated schools. (Swann v. Charlotte-Mecklenberg Board of Education)1972 The Supreme Court refuses to allow public school systems to avoid desegregation by creating new, mostly or all-white "splinter districts." (Wright v. Council of the City of Emporia; United States v. Scotland Neck City Board of Education)Brown's legacy extends to gender. Title IX of the Educational Amendments of 1972 is passed prohibiting sex discrimination in any educational program that receives federal financial assistance.1973 Section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act is passed prohibiting schools from discriminating against students with mental or physical impairments.The Supreme Court rules that states cannot provide textbooks to racially segregated private schools to avoid integration mandates. (Norwood v. Harrison)The Supreme Court finds that the Denver school board intentionally segregated Mexican American and black students from white students. (Keyes v. Denver School District No. 1)The Court distinguishes between state-mandated segregation (de jure) and segregation that is the result of private choices (de facto). The latter form of segregation, the Court rules, is not unconstitutionalThe Supreme Court rules that education is not a "fundamental right" and that the Constitution does not require equal education expenditures within a state. (San Antonio Independent School District v. Rodriguez) The ruling has the effect of locking minority and poor children who live in low-income areas into inferior schools.1974 The Supreme Court blocks metropolitan-wide desegregation plans as a means to desegregate urban schools with high minority populations. (Milliken v. Bradley) As a result, Brown will not have a substantial impact on many racially isolated urban districts.Non-English-speaking Chinese students file suit against the San Francisco Unified School District for failing to provide instruction to those with limited English proficiency. The Supreme Court rules that the failure to do so violates Title VI's prohibition of national origin, race or color discrimination in school districts receiving federal funds. (Lau v. Nichols)1978 A fractured Supreme Court declares the affirmative action admissions program for the University of California Davis Medical School unconstitutional because it set aside a specific number of seats for black and Latino students. The Court rules that race can be a factor in university admissions, but it cannot be the deciding factor. (Regents of the University of California v. Bakke)1982 The Supreme Court rejects tax exemptions for private religious schools that discriminate. (Bob Jones University v. U.S.; Goldboro Christian Schools v. U.S.)1986 For the first time, a federal court finds that once a school district meets the Greenfactors, it can be released from its desegregation plan and returned to local control. (Riddick v. School Board of the City of Norfolk, Virginia)1988 School integration reaches its all-time high; almost 45% of black students in the United States are attending majority-white schools.Look at all the turmoil going on with school desegregation in the 1970s.While people were still fighting over this, Black people were still attending schools that were under-funded and giving sub-par education. This was a known issue. The Black schools had outdated books, didn’t have funding for technology related course or the teachers to teach them.So this negates damn near every person of color from the technology industry for anyone in their late 30s on up. Most of the people you find in the field within these age groups were either.Able to live in a mixed communityIn the militaryHad a parent who got into the field because they were in the militaryHad fairly wealthy parentsI was personally lucky enough to have a father who worked on missile guidance systems in the Air Force, moved on to work at Burroughs corporation/Unisys and later started his own business that was technology related.Because I certainly didn’t learn anything in middle or high school that would’ve led me into this field.As an example. My middle school technology courses involved learning how to use a type writer. In high school, I learned about the history of computers and how to play games (not make them) on their outdated computers (of course, I knew this already… so I learned nothing). Oh, and we learned how to use WordStar & WordPerfect and how to make a resume.Nothing about building or repairing a computer and certainly nothing about programming one.And I took every tech course available to me at those schools.But at the house, we had several computers that my brother and I personally built; and a training facility my father owned (to train his clients) with another 30 computers to play with.I learned how to build web sites and desktop apps for some of our clients.That’s what started me on this path.How many Black people would you imagine were this lucky? Not many.So the number of Black developers my age or older is actually very impressive, when you consider what they had to go through to get to this point.And I’m seeing more and more young Black developers each year.Thanks for the A2A.

I don't know about reservations or embassies —both have many sorts of legal exemptions— but as noted in another answer which I'd like to supplement, it's legal in many states to drink in your own home and/or under parental supervision.While laws vary by state, there is a federal law responsible for the unanimity of the states' prohibition of anyone under the age of 21 purchasing alcohol:"The National Minimum Drinking Age Act of 1984 withholds revenue from states that allow the purchase of alcohol by anyone under the age of 21. Prior to the effective date of that Act, the drinking age varied from state to state. Some states do not allow those under the legal drinking age to be present in liquor stores or in bars… Contrary to popular belief, since the act went into law, only a few states prohibit minors and young adults from consuming alcohol in private settings. As of January 1, 2010, 15 states and the District of Columbia ban underage consumption outright, 17 states do not ban underage consumption, and the remaining 18 states have family member and/or location exceptions to their underage consumption laws." [1, and emphasis added]As it happens, my home state of Louisiana was affected by this law, and it was highly contentious locally, as I recall. [2] The federal government cannot compel states to enact laws and has no real constitutional justification for mandating a drinking age law, so the 1984 act cited above has a strange penalty: states that don't comply lose 10% of their federal highway funding.South Dakota sued, alleging that the law was unconstitutional. They lost, and so whether states enthusiastically agreed or were merely afraid to lose budget money, the purchasing age is effectively nationwide now (although it took until the late 90s for everyone to get on board). [3]Here's how it breaks down by state [4]; note that I am not sure about municipal differences in law, nor am I certain this information hasn't changed. That said: a person under the age of 21 can drink:Where alcohol is sold if they have parental permission (!):KansasLouisianaMassachusettsNevadaNew YorkTexasWisconsinWyomingOn private property with parental permission:AlaskaCalifornia, Colorado, ConnecticutDelawareGeorgiaIllinoisIowaKansasLouisianaMaine, Massachusetts, Minnesota, Mississippi, MontanaNebraska, Nevada, New Jersey, New Mexico, New York, North DakotaOhio, Oklahoma, OregonSouth CarolinaTexasVirginiaWashington, Wisconsin, WyomingOn private property generally (!!):CaliforniaLouisianaNebraska, Nevada, New JerseyOklahomaWyomingFor religions, medical, or other purposes which don't really include anything "fun" in the traditional sense:Alaska, ArizonaCalifornia, Colorado, ConnecticutDelawareFlorida (a "Good Samaritan" exemption for those who contact authorities about something important while wasted)GeorgiaHawaiiIllinois, IowaLouisianaMassachusetts, Michigan, Mississippi, Missouri, MontanaNebraska, Nevada, New Jersey, New Mexico, New York, North Carolina, North DakotaOhio, Oklahoma, OregonRhode IslandSouth Carolina, South DakotaTennessee, TexasUtahVermontWashington, Wisconsin, WyomingNotes:1. National Minimum Drinking Age Act and Legal drinking age2. For more on my home state's opposition and the moral opprobrium to which we were subject, see Louisiana Stands Alone on Drinking at 18:"Drinking is almost a point of pride in Louisiana, where young people slurp down Jello shots laced with hard liquor and carry "To Go" cups back to their cars from the bars. New Orleans has drive-up daiquiris."I am happy to note that we still have drive-through daiquiri stores, they just don't insert the straw into the cup; that way, we know you'll take it home before drinking it. For more on how Louisiana fought the law before the law won, see U.S. history of alcohol minimum purchase age by state. We did our best.3. For more on that case, see South Dakota v. Dole (so named because the Secretary of Transportation at the time was Elizabeth Dole).4. For the source of this list and what constitutes "other," see Most States in U.S. Permit Drinking Under the Age of 21 (the "Legal" Drinking Age).

Many industries that face changes really were already facing some challenges. It was only a matter of time. Cruise ships already had a troubling reputation and sketchy practices (commonly flying foreign flags to avoid any oversight and avoid paying taxes). Movie theaters were already having to do more and more to be more appealing to consumers. Online shopping was already challenging brick and mortar stores of many types - not every type but electronics and books were already in some trouble. Will the local Apple store need to reopen after we’ve all learned to shop on line? We want a new freezer, we’re buying online. Manufacturing was already facing job losses due to automation which is now the only safe way to run a factory. Fashion had many cramped overseas sweat shops; these will be maybe not as possible. No one is going shopping in the mall now.This meme is actually not a complete joke. Zoom and webex are about to take off. Online education was already being used for some university programs, and this will be increased and expanded. No need to jump in the car, pay for parking, run to go to a big lecture hall, only for the professor to play a movie or show a PowerPoint. My local university shuttered the dorms and evicted all students - I would not be quick to sign up for that risk next year knowing I can sleep at my parents, eat my mom’s food, and get the same degree.Dating services - holy crap are single people going to need help for the next while. More social media in our future as this is our best way to connect with new people now.Health care - dissemination of patient teaching materials has been a challenge. Now it is critical that information gets out faster. Telehealth will be tried, and I believe it will mostly be found wanting but people will want their providers available online for many things.Health care and insurance - the USA likes to scream in horror at the idea of socialism, but here we are with a devote capitalist president and his ruling party passing essentially socialist legislation in a panic - rent control, wages covered, jobs controlled, etc. We face worse outcomes because there was no government planning for testing and facilities, and a large portion of the public could not take time off to see a doctor and could not afford a visit to a facility. These are the people who are stocking the shelves, washing the dishes, staffing the drive-thru, harvesting the vegetables, unloading the trucks, cleaning our facilities, and cooking our food. Addendum: Even Trump is now talking about expanding Medicare and Medicaid. It just helps us all.Hospitals have been designed lately to resemble hotels, with grand waiting rooms with a shared coffee pot, only a couple of rooms with high quality air filtration, and open food courts. MBAs will eventually have to concede to health care professionals. There are stories of health care workers being asked to go without PPE for better patient satisfaction scores, a decision no one in a medical field would make. We are out of stock of many vital items and these decisions were political and business related. The health care workers will be unlikely to trust their management for a long time, and health care experts need to become masters in their own houses.Entertainment - I think animation is the safest way for voice actors, writers, directors, and producers to continue their work. The upcoming movies will be direct release, the upcoming TV season will be sparse. Operas are streaming, as are museums. The one major Sumo event was televised without an audience.My parents were already watching the Olympics online, but we went to the Calgary Olympics and bought tickets to the downhill - it was impossible to see the whole race, you either saw the start or the finish, or saw a quick blur fly by so quickly even the gender was impossible to tell (literally, I walked off the men’s course and ended up on the female course and never knew it till later). We never knew who won, or who never even finished until we got home to watch TV. With the option to even be there removed, eventually who would even go? Sports will be more televised, and that means the focus will be more on camera friendly sports. Athletes who are keeping their distance from others might have some inherent advantages (solo figure skating versus wrestling).Politics - Sanders and Biden had a debate with no audience. It affected their performance, but some pundits noted the caliber of the speech had to stand on it’s own - crowds of people booing and cheering was just a distraction. One pundit (sadly can’t find it now) actually said he wanted more such debates in future elections.Restaurants are going to be hit hard, and many will close. Our restaurants are encouraged to only do delivery and curbside delivery. We’ll still want to eat when this is over, but the drive thru restaurants can stay open and the mega franchises can find the money to hold off and reopen. Some of my favorite little places will not survive, even though people will be quick to return to wanting someone else to cook.People without cars are going to have it far worse. Public transportation is getting knocked down whether it be bus or train or airplanes - and if this lasts long enough we might find we really don’t need to travel as much.Also, recycling unfortunately. The easiest way to avoid contamination is to destroy items and make them single use. Disinfection is a challenge. A local business had reusable containers for restaurants; they have had to cease activities. Restaurants are currently not using their dishes. Health care supplies are being reused when they shouldn’t be. If all goes well, we’ll be generating mountains of garbage.Addendum: I missed one idea.As the U.S. COVID-19 Outbreak Worsens, Medical Students Are Joining the FightWhat does this mean for MD training in general? What is the plan if these students do not pass their boards?Nursing has pushed hard to be a four year degree instead of a two year diploma or 2–3 year ADN degree. If we need the staff, there was already questions about how we would adjust to a nursing shortage. Nursing is known to be populated by an aging workforce who might be more susceptible to COVID-19. Students are being prevented from looking after COVID-19 patients and are not using already strained PPE stocks. There might be major changes coming for health care training. Ohio just allowed nurses to practice without having an Ohio license, and early graduation.