Corporation Or Labor Organization: Fill & Download for Free

Originalist. Why — it upheld the first amendment as written.If you study the case, rather than read progressive whining propaganda, the case is :Citizens United v. FEC - WikipediaIn which—The case arose after Citizens United, a conservative non-profit organization, sought to air and advertise a film critical of Democraticpresidential candidate Hillary Clinton shortly before the 2008 Democratic primary elections. This would have been a violation of the 2002 Bipartisan Campaign Reform Act, which prohibited any corporation or labor union from making an "electioneering communication" within 30 days of a primary or 60 days of an election, or making any expenditure advocating the election or defeat of a candidate at any time.In a majority opinion joined by four other justices, Associate Justice Anthony Kennedy held that the Bipartisan Campaign Reform Act's prohibition of all independent expenditures by corporations and unions violated the First Amendment's protection of free speech. The Court overturned Austin v. Michigan Chamber of Commerce (1990), which had allowed different restrictions on speech-related spending based on corporate identity, as well as a portion of McConnell v. FEC (2003) that had restricted corporate spending on electioneering communications. The ruling effectively freed labor unions and corporations to spend money on electioneering communications and to directly advocate for the election or defeat of candidates.( . . . )During the original oral argument, Deputy Solicitor General Malcolm L. Stewart (representing the FEC) argued that under Austin v. Michigan Chamber of Commerce, the government would have the power to ban books if those books contained even one sentence expressly advocating the election or defeat of a candidate and were published or distributed by a corporation or labor union. [17]In response to this line of questioning, Stewart further argued that under Austin the government could ban the digital distribution of political books over the Amazon Kindle or prevent a union from hiring an author to write a political book.All nonsense aside that above I bolded was what lost the case for the FEC. The idea that book banning is not a violation of the first amendment is stark raving mad.Quote first Amendment:AMENDMENT ICongress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof; or abridging the freedom of speech, or of the press; or the right of the people peaceably to assemble, and to petition the Government for a redress of grievances.SHALL MAKE NO LAW an absolute prohibition on making of such laws.Laws that abridge freedom of the press & freedom of speech are forbidden — you may not have ANY SUCH LAW.No!NO!Stop thinking you have an excuse — no excuses!Stop thinking you have a good reason — you don’t.It is absolutely forbidden to make any laws banning books or political speech. No reasons allowed.Stop bringing it up!! You want such laws go live in another country. They are not allowed here!!

The labor movement everywhere in the world other than USA celebrates International Worker Day. That’s because May 1st celebates the Haymarket Martyrs. The Haymarket Martyrs were leaders of the Chicago labor movement at the time of the great national general strike for the 8 hour day on May 1, 1886. 70,000 struck in Chicago, over 300,000 nation wide.But this movement was greeted with total hysteria by the employers and the authorities — who called it an “insurrection”. Back then the authorities held that strikes were illegal because the property ownership of a corporation gave dictatorial power to the owners — and the politicians back then thought the firms had the legal right to expect total obedience from their employees.Eventually eight of the leaders of the Chicago labor movement were arrested and charged for murder in the case of a bomb thrown at a Chicago cop during a violent police attack on a peaceful meeting in Haymarket square. No evidence was provided linking them to the bombing. They were tried on the basis of their radical politics. All were members of the International Working People’s Association — a libertarian socialist group that had major influence in the Chicago labor movement at that time.The repression was directed also at the largest labor organization in USA at that time — the Knights of Labor. The Knights were the first inclusive labor organization in US history — accepting both blacks and whites, women and men. By 1890s the union had ceased to exist — crushed by police repression and newspaper hysteria.The American Federation of Labor had only been formed at that time and was the most conservative (and often racist) part of the labor movement. They hated the radicals and the Knights. So in the 1890s they used their influence to get a worker holiday established in early September — Labor Day. This was to prevent the labor movement from pushing for recognition of May 1 as a holiday.Note: One point that I forgot to mention. At the time of the trial of the Haymarket Martyrs there was an international solidarity campaign. The Socialist International as well as anarchist labor groups in other countries all mounted a campaign against the trial. After four of the men were hanged by the state of Illinois, these organizations began a push to recognize May 1 as a holiday, International Worker’s Day, to commemorate the Haymarket Martyrs — the four men who were hanged. This is the origin of the international recognition of the holiday.Of the four men who were hanged, three were German immigrants. German immigrants made up a huge proportion of the working class in Chicago at that time. The fourth of the Martyrs was Albert Parsons. Parsons was actually a Confederate Army veteran who became a radical Republican advocate for equal rights for black people after the civil war. After he married an Afro-Mexican woman, the Klan shot him in the leg, and he and his wife fled to Chicago. His wife, Lucy Gonzalez Parsons, was an organizer in her own right and was the most famous woman of color in the American labor movement in the late 1800s. She was one of the founders of the Industrial Workers of the World.

Citizens United is the name of a right-wing political action committee (PAC), classified as a 501(c)(4) organization by the Internal Revenue Service.Citizens United sought to air a documentary-style film critical of Hillary Clinton during the 2008 Presidential primary elections, but was barred from doing so by a Federal law that prohibited electioneering by corporations or labor unions within a limited period of time prior to an election.So they sued to invalidate the law and other restrictions on political speech by nonprofits and corporations, alleging that such restrictions violated the Constitution, and were in large part (but not completely) successful.Wikipedia has a decent summary: Citizens United v. FEC - Wikipedia