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Caution: Pls be objective while reading this. I still know that I would be trolled. I’m no expert on the politics of JNU. But we all can understand basic numbers & information that JNU has on its website & other public media. Trouble however is that this data is extremely unorganized, as if nobody cares to know about it. At-least that is what I observed. You can draw your own inferences. I’ve tried to compile some critical information at one place which poses certain questions.The student strength & courses: What do they teach at JNU.Let’s go one step at a time. Do you know how many courses are there at JNU & what is the student strength? Here is how it looks.Now we see that there are a total of ~8000 students at JNU. Of this, the lion’s share of 57% students is of social sciences, language, literature & arts (4578 students) & International studies 15% ( 1210 students). So between the two categories, we have 72% of the campus covered.There is another interesting statistic here. Almost 55% of the total student strength i.e. 4359 students are doing M.Phil. or Ph.D. At any campus across the world, the strength of students declines as we move from under-grad courses to post grad & there are very few who pursue doctorate level courses. This is also driven by financial compulsions as people need to get back to the earning workforce fast & get on to a career track. I couldn’t find specific information about why did JNU chose to have such high strength of M.Phil. & doctoral level students. Anyways we’ll use this number once again to derive some conclusions so keep this in mind.Cost of running such University: Just how much does government spends on JNU?Look at the Profit & Loss account of JNU for 2018. This is from the 600 page annual report, & this one page which should possibly be the first section on any annual report, is hiddnen somwhere in the middle. Probably this was not very important in the overall scheme of things. So what do we observe here :So JNU spends about Rs 556 crores per year on its functioning. This is aside of the fixed assets it has, the huge land base, the infra & building it owns which was built on government money at some point. I see that some depreciation is accounted for.So what is the cost per student at JNU ? We can calculate. Rs 556 crore / 8000 students gives us Rs 6.95 lac per student annually. Although the university calculations somewhere quote this number as Rs 2.33 lac per student (Rs 170 crore/7304), this calculation is seriously flawed. The real numbers have to divide the entire university expenses by the number of students. There can be no university withoput students so all expenses eventually have to come from student body & other income.Even if we exclude “other income” & count only the govt subsidy & grants, we have a total expense of Rs 352 crore over 8000 students. We can safely assume that each student consumes Rs 4.4 lacs of government subsidy at JNU every year. Shocking how public money can be misused at scale. What talent are we producing at this high cost subsidy ? This is competing with IITs & IIMs fee.Research, publications & patents at JNUNow the students would say that JNU is an academics focused institution & it should not be compared with commercial institutions. Fair point. I tried to dig in the kind of work & research papers JNU publishes. You would be surprised that for an institution which claims to be the center of academics on social sciences, the claims on the website seem pretty sketchy. Read for yourself as I quote from the website:Publications : The faculty of the University has been regularly publishing many research journal articles, books; contributed chapters in books; presented papers in national and international conferences/workshops and delivered several lectures outside the University.Research: JNU has been promoting research by students and faculty. Faculty members have been able to attract competitive research grants from many national and international funding agencies. Currently, more than 300 research projects are running in the University. Research grants are also received from DST, DBT, ICMR, CSIR, UGC, ICSSR, ICHR, ICCR, Ministries, European Union, European Commission, Ford Foundation, Welcome Trust etc. In addition to research projects, faculty members are also encouraged to undertake consultancy projects. University has also set up an Advanced Instrumentation Research facility where state of the art equipment have been installed to meet the requirements of many science schools/special centers. University has also set up an Intellectual Property Management (IPM) Cell to facilitate filing of patents and technology transfers.As you can see, there is no specific mention of any numbers or concrete claims on research & publications, no names of journals or publications worth mentioning. Perhaps JNU doesn’t need to publish this info as nobody cares to read this. At-least not the students who study there or want to join JNU.But there should be some patents at-least ? All that we find for patents is the below information:Patents by faculty:• R. Bhatnagar (2001-2002). A Process for the Preparation of Non-Toxic Anthrax Vaccine. Indian patent (1222/Del/2001) accepted. International PCT application (PCT/IN2002/00048; WO-03-048390A1, June 12, 2003) published. R. Bhatnagar (2001). A process for constitutively preparing anthrax protective antigen. Indian patent (1127/Del/2001) accepted. R. Bhatnagar (2001). An Anthrax Protective Antigen. Indian patent (1074/Del/2002) accepted.• Aparna Dixit (2007). Anti-diabetic recombinant protein. Indian patent and International PCT applications filed. Aparna Dixit (2007). Recombinant vaccine against Aeromonas hydrophila. Indian Patent application filed.• R. Bhatnagar (2008). An immunodominant B cell epitope based protein vaccine against Anthrax. Indian Patent application (2947/DEL/2008) filed. R. Bhatnagar (2008). A pharmaceutical composition of vaccine against Rabies…..its preparation thereof. Indian Patent (1449/DEL/2008) and International PCT (PCT/IN2008/000578) applications filed.• K. J. Mukherjee (2006). A process for getting high yields of xylanases (patent application filed). K.J. Mukherjee (1999). A process for getting high yields of streptokinase. K.J. Mukherjee (2002). Process technology for production of human alpha interferon in E.coli Application No. 212080 (1276/Del/2002) Indian Patent Accepted.• Santosh K. Kar, (2006). Method for Identification and/or Diagnosis of REM Sleep Loss from Blood Samples. Indian Patent. Date of Issue: 24 Oct 2006.So barring some 4 names of Mr. Bhatnagar, Ms. Dixit, Mr Kar & Mr. Mukherjee, there are no patents by any other faculty. Number of patents by students ??? Try searching….I did not find any results. So much for the 57% students doing doctorate level courses.You want to know the best claims about the research JNU publishes ? You’ll find that in the placement brochure (yes they have one, although very superficial & doesn’t disclose any statistics about past placements). Here is what you’ll see in the name of research at JNU:Some inferences from the data above:1) With 4360 students in M.Phil. & Ph.D. courses, there are hardly 1000 research “articles” published in Journals. The university doesn’t name any notable journals while making such claims. This implies that there is just ONE “article” published for every 4.5 students each year. This when there are 600 plus Ph.D. s granted annually. Would you consider this any worthwhile research work ? May be JNU has more “liberal” standards for us to understand this.2) There is huge participation in international conferences. So about 2000 international conferences are attended every year. Again, not sure what materializes in those conferences. Certainly not the research papers or patents.Is the fee hike Justified ? Why punish the meritorious students?Firstly, in view of the data above, it doesn’t appear that there is much focus on output or getting laurels for the nation at JNU. There is absolutely no data point to believe that is the case.Now, let’s look at the “fee” the students pay to study at the university.Let me clarify. The numbers you are looking at are not in thousands or lacs. These are what they are in INR. So Rs 240 is the entire tuition fee paid by JNU student. Aside, they pay a generous Rs 6 for library & Rs 40 as refundable security deposit. How was a university allowed to run with this fee structure & without any hike for decades is itself a research paper in the making. Of-course, nobody at JNU would have time to research on this. IIT Delhi which is located close by charges about Rs 2.25 plus lac annually & IIMs charge about Rs 5 to 10 lac per year. We don’t see any strikes at those places. Students know they need to jump into the job market, start their earning life & also repay the student loan that they carry. JNU is free of any such thoughts or troubles. Probably the reason why students have much time left to create new troubles of their own. Ideology or idle mind, you decide.Is the fee hike justified at JNU ?I don’t want to conclude any political thoughts here. But the data from official sources of the university help us infer a lot of ideas. JNU is a perfect example of bad socialism. If you give something for free, people have no incentive to work & earn. Why would anyone at JNU be in a hurry to find jobs or even publish research. In a nation where we’re are hardly able to educate our children thru primary schools, JNU stands tall as an example of socialist elitism at its best. This must stop. The students may have all the time for doctoral courses, the nation is certainly running out of patience & money to pay for these scholars.Surprised that this social reform idea never came out from the university that claims to be the biggest study centre on social sciences ? Irony died a quite death !!Feel free to mail or write to me on twitterHonest - Unbiased - Simplified, as alwaysEdit on comments raised by some students in defense.Some students have raised questions or tried to defend the protests. Let me try to address some of these questions:Defense 1: There is a corruption of thousands of crores in public distribution system, so why target few hundred crore of JNU subsidy?I think this is amusing argument. So both should stop. Firstly, this is an unfair comparison. National PDS system budget has to be compared with the national/state subsidy on ALL universities in India. I’m sure that amount also will run into thousands of crores. It is a complete wastage of resources in India for privileged few. Classic socialism downside where state resources are cornered by a powerful few.Defense 2: JNU will have less patents as it is focused on social sciences. But it has contribution in social sector. It has provided various luminaries to the nation & many IAS officers. This is JNU contribution to society.I’m surprised by this argument. Joining a govt service is not a contribution to the society. And they will join IAS with or without JNU. People join for their own good. This is just like saying - politicians are in politics for public welfare. Well, the country understands these arguments better now. Also how do we measure the “social work” of JNU. When research papers are hardly anything to talk about & nation still grappling with poverty, there has to be some metric to measure contribution vs subsidy. And this also applies to all institutes where fee is subsidized.Finally, some students indicate that during M.Phil., they “contribute towards the research work by their professors & thus earn their education”. Well, has any one of them asked the professors what “research” they do because there are handful of papers published ? At least tell the country this when you protest. The idealism of “right to education” is hollow self-centered logic. This won’t fly. And social sciences study at Rs 4.5 lac per student ? This would put global schools to shame !!Defense 3: When PSU banks can lend money to industrialists & write off lacs of crores, why is JNU being targeted?Again a self-defeating logic. PSUs & nationalized banks are relics of the past. Many of them are dying a gradual death. Many exist since politics needs a free checkbook to write loans to loved ones in the name of socialism. So students want free education & politics wants free non-refundable loans. Common folks also want govt jobs and just sit on it till retirement. Not to mention the corruption. The country goes to dogs.This socialism of the 70s is dead. Not because politicians have become saints. But because govts have run out of budgets. Ask Air India, PSU bank employees & others. Did someone tell you that the Soviet Union has collapsed ? And that China is the most ruthless form of capitalism that you can have in the world. How about a research paper on that ?ReferencesIIM Fees Structure for MBA and SeatsUniversity of Delhi Courses & Fee Structure 2019-20Welcome to Jawaharlal Nehru UniversityWelcome to Jawaharlal Nehru UniversityWelcome to Jawaharlal Nehru University

I have an edition of Tales from the Perilous Realm from 2008. This includes the following works:RoverandumFarmer Giles of HamSmith of Wootton MajorLeaf by NiggleOn Fairy-StoriesThe Adventures of Tom BombadilShire - By MartinAmmRoverandumRoverandum is a novella originally from 2925 and submitted for publication shortly after The Hobbit was a success. It is about a dog called Rover turned into a toy. He goes to the moon and under the sea in pursuit of the wizard who turned him into a toy so he can be returned to being a normal dog. The story itself does not exist within Arda.What is interesting though is the use of Shadowy Seas and Elvenhome, seemingly linking the work to the Legendarium. We have to remember when this was written though and it’s quite possible that these are terms and place names used by Tolkien for this stand alone story that he would use over multiple works. It doesn’t mean Roverandum is part of the Legendarium because when you read it, it clearly is on its own.Farmer Giles of HamWritten in 2947, it is a short story about Farmer Giles and a dragon named Chrysophylax. It has firearms, knights, and other creatures. It involves the Middle Kingdom, uses Latin names etc. It is set in a fantasy Britain and has nothing to do with Arda.Smith of Wootton MajorOriginally started as a preface to a faerie story by George MacDonald called The Golden Key, but it grew beyond that. It is certainly not connected to Arda or the Legendarium in any way. It is set in a village called Wootton Major and involves a Great Cake containing hidden magical ingredients.Leaf by NiggleTolkien describes this himself in Letter 241 where he says that “It is not really or properly an “allegory” so much as “mythical”. This is because it is seen as an allegory for the creative process of Tolkien himself. He even contradicts himself in Letter 153 by saying “I tried to show allegorically how subcreation might come to be taken up in some plane in my “purgatorial” story Leaf by Niggle”. It is about an artist named Niggle living in a society that underappreciated art. He places obsessive detail into every leaf in a canvas of a great tree. It has nothing to do with Arda, except if you call it being connected with Tolkien’s creative process as being Arda.On Fairy-StoriesAgain, nothing to do with Arda. This is actually an essay written by Tolkien discussing fairy-stories as a literary form and was originally written to present at the University of St Andrews in Scotland in 1939.The Adventures of Tom BombadilThe full title is “The Adventures of Tom Bombadil and Other Verses from the Red Book”. This isn’t actually last in the reading order, but i left it here last because it absolutely is connected to Arda. The Red Book the title refers to is the Red Book of Westmarch. This is the book in which the Legendarium of Middle-earth is written. The first book was written by Bilbo Baggins, recounting his quest for Erebor. This was titled “There and Back Again”. He compiles Elven lore and calls this “Translations from the Elvish” before Frodo Baggins takes it. Frodo organises Bilbo’s work and uses it to write down his own adventures as “The Downfall of the Lord of the Rings and the Return of the King”. The book contains Hobbit poems and other background information by the likes of Merry, Pippin, and Aragorn.Two of the poems here are directly related to Tom Bombadil, the character that the Hobbits meet in The Fellowship of the Ring. The rest is considered bestiary verse and fairy tale rhyme. It is written as if it is taken as a translation from the Red Book. I don’t see any use in debating canonical status with this particular collection as it just aids in the idea of the Legendarium as a mythology. It doesn’t matter if Tom Bombadil didn’t do the things that were written in Bombadil Goes Boating, it is meant to be tales written by Hobbits about Tom Bombadil. It is like a collection of tales and verse written by Tolkien characters about the world he created. Mythology within mythology. The information about the “secondary world” is presented as folklore by characters within that secondary world. This is why we have some information about Dol Amroth, or the rivers of Gondor, that we don’t find in The Silmarillion, The Hobbit, or The Lord of the Rings.We have the Tom Bombadil parts, a poem about a Last Ship to Valinor, an Oliphaunt, Sam’s poem about the Stone Troll, the greedy poem about a hoard of gold that consumes owners who turn against each other, and so on. It is from the Red Book, so I completely count it as part of the Legendarium and Arda, as a collection of folklore from its inhabitants.Tolkien’s Desk - By 89ravenclaw

Draupadi had no issues with getting married to Five brothers and said to be happy and delighted.I have read both KMG and Critical edition (partially) and found it was mentioned always that Draupadi was beloved wife of Pandavas.In fact no where I have seen Pandavas have disrespected her or insulted her etc.She was said to be delighted and happy with her five husbands -“And Krishna became obedient unto all the five sons of Pritha, those lions among men, of immeasurable energy. Like the river Saraswati decked with elephants, which again take pleasure in that stream, Draupadi took great delight in her five heroic husbands and they too took delight in her. ” [Ref - Adi Parva: Arjuna-vanavasa Parva: Section CCXV]When Duryodhana suggested Karna to some how use Draupadi to create disunion among Pandavas the below was his reply -“It is impossible to create disunion amongst them. They can never be disunited who have all taken to a common wife. Nor can we succeed in estranging Krishna from the Pandavas by any spies of ours. She chose them as her lords when they were in adversity. Will she abandon them now that they are in prosperity? Besides women always like to have many husbands, Krishna hath obtained her wish. She can never be estranged from the Pandavas.” [Ref - Adi Parva: Viduragamana Parva: Section CCIV]Karna statement on Draupadi - “She chose them as her lords when they were in adversity. Will she abandon them now that they are in prosperity? ” was proven correct even when Druapadi was brutally insulted in dice game.Even then she didn’t left her husbands and stayed with them. Draupadi was such a powerful character.I believe polyandry was not that uncommon on those days. This was evident from Karna’s statement.During dice game Duryodhana in fact tried to create disunion by using Draupadi but that didn’t worked out.In fact the only flaw she had was the partiality towards Arjuna that’s why she had to die before entering in heaven. But that doesn’t means she didn’t loved other husband at all. The partiality could have logical reasons as well.After Kurushetra war she had compared her five husbands with five senses inspiring the physical frame. As per her she would have been happy even if she was married to one of them.I think five Pandavas representing the five senses came from this statement of Draupadi.“All of you are like celestials. All of you are capable of resisting foes. All of you are competent to scorch your enemies. If only one of you had become my husband, my happiness would even then have been very great. What need I say then, O tiger among men, when all of you, numbering five, are my husbands (and look after me) like the five senses inspiring the physical frame?”[Ref - Santi Parva: Rajadharmanusasana Parva: Section XIV]I hope this should put end to the so called rumor that Draupadi was unhappy with her five husbands.My personal assumption is that she had set her expectations about her husbands based her knowledge on them. She knew her husbands very well - their capability, skills, characteristics etc.Draupadi knew entire history of Pandavas [Go though this link where she described the achievements of Bhima and Arjuna while complaining about them to Krishna- Vana Parva: Arjunabhigamana Parva: Section XII]She knew about the poisoning of Bhima and how he survived.The house of Lac event and how they survived.How Bhima killed Bakasura and Hidimba. She had described precisely how Bhima fought and defeated Hidimva.How Arjuna won her and then fought with other kings.All these information helped her in shaping the ability and characteristics of her husbands as well.That influenced her decision as well.She looked towards Yudisthira as King as she was queen because of Yudisthira and he was also the father of her eldest son. She freed Yudisthira first from the bondage for that reason.“Draupadi said,--'O bull of the Bharata race, if thou will grant me a boon, I ask the handsome Yudhishthira, obedient to every duty, be freed from slavery. Let not unthinking children call my child Prativindhya endued with great energy of mind as the son of a slave. Having been a prince, so superior to all men, and nurtured by kings it is not proper that he should be called the child of a slave.”[Ref - Sabha Parva: Sisupala-badha Parva: Section LXX]She looked for Bhima for either personal protection or when she wanted brutal revenge against some one.Bhima according to Draupadi -“He is known, therefore, by the name of Bhima on earth. They that offend him are never suffered to live. He never forgetteth a foe. On some pretext or other he wrecketh his vengeance. Nor is he pacified even after he has wrecked a signal vengeance.” [Ref - Vana Parva: Draupadi-harana Parva: Section CCLXVIII]Points to be noted here -They that offend him are never suffered to live.He never forgetteth a foe. On some pretext or other he wrecketh his vengeance.Nor is he pacified even after he has wrecked a signal vengeance.These are the reason why Bhima was first choice for Draupadi when she looked for protection or revenge against some body.This was a fact known to Yudisthira also and he told that to Bhima when they were on the way to Gandhamadon Mountain to meet Arjuna -“‘He then told the greatly valorous Bhima, “O Bhimasena! Protect Krishna carefully. O son! Whether Arjuna is far or whether he is near, it is you Krishna resorts to in times of fear.””[Ref - Bibek Debroy. The Mahabharata: Volume 3 (Kindle Locations 2945-2947). Penguin Books Ltd. Kindle Edition.][KMG Ref - Vana Parva: Tirtha-yatra Parva: Section CXXXIX]She wanted Bhima to kill Kichaka and Aswathamma. She didn’t asked Arjuna for that.She knew Arjuna may not be able to kill Aswathamma who was the son of his beloved Guru Drona.In case of Kichaka also situation probably required Bhima as Draupadi wanted to Kill Kichaka silently and without getting exposed.The same reason why Kunti chose Bhima to kill Bakasura in the town of Ekachakra.Look the way Draupadi asked Bhima to kill Aswathamma. She used historical context to praise Bhima and requested him to go after Aswathamma [Ref - Sauptika Parva: Section 11]-"Remembering the duties of a kshatriya, O Bhima, it behoveth thee to come to my rescue. Slay that man of sinful deeds like Maghavat slaying Samvara. There is no one in this world who is equal to thee in prowess.”“It is known throughout the world how on an occasion of great calamity thou becamest at the town Varanavata the refuge of all the Parthas.”“When again we were seen by Hidimba, it was thou that becamest our refuge in the same way.”“Like Maghavat rescuing (his spouse) the daughter of Puloma, thou didst rescue my afflicted self, in Virata's city, from a great calamity. Like those great feats, O Partha, that thou didst achieve in former days, slay now, O slayer of foes, the son of Drona and be thou happy!"”She looked towards Arjuna with pride as he was the one who increased the prosperity, fame of their family and kingdom.During Rajasuya Sacrifice Arjuna conquered the northern direction and brought a huge amount of wealth. That’s why he got the name Dhananjaya.During Burning of Khandava Forest event, he and Krishna fought with Rakshashas, Nagas and Indra and other gods simultaneously and remained undefeated. That happened in front of Draupadi as she was present there.The Maya Palace was built after Arjuna saved Mayasura and he promised to Krishna to built that palace for Yudisthira.During their reign of at least 15- 20 years in Indraprastha no one attacked their kingdom. It was Arjuna who protected the kingdom from external threat.She knew that their prosperity was depended on Arjuna’s might.For example - Draupadi’s blessing for Arjuna’s success in getting all divine weapons.“O Partha! All our happiness and unhappiness is now established in you, our life and death, our kingdom and our prosperity. O Kounteya! I take leave of you. O Pandava! May all be well with you. I bow down before Dhata and Vidhata. May all be well along your path and may you be healthy. O descendant of the Bharata lineage! May you be safe from all beings in the sky, the earth and heaven and may all other beings not create obstructions in your path.” [Ref - The Mahabharata: Volume 2 (Kindle Locations 5911-5913). Penguin Books Ltd. Kindle Edition. ] [KMG Ref - Vana Parva: Arjunabhigamana Parva: Section XXXVII]Look at the words - “All our happiness and unhappiness is now established in you, our life and death, our kingdom and our prosperity.”End of the day you have to give value to the deserving!!Whatever I mentioned before is a fact. Bhima spoke the following words to Yudisthira while complaining against him -“Protected by the wielder of the Gandiva (Arjuna), our kingdom could not even have been robbed by Shakra (Indra). But because of our obedience to you, it was stolen in front of our eyes.”Ref - The Mahabharata: Volume 2 (Kindle Locations 5678-5680). Penguin Books Ltd. Kindle Edition.[KMG Ref - Vana Parva: Arjunabhigamana Parva: Section XXXIII]Kunti told the following words while trying to convince Karna to join Pandavas -“Acquired formerly by Arjuna, the prosperity of Yudhishthira hath, from avarice, been wrested by wicked persons.” [Ref - Udyoga Parva: Bhagwat Yana Parva: Section CXLV]When Draupadi was trying to incite Bhima to kill Kichaka, she spoke about her grief, others grief but a major portion was dedicated for Arjuna.She was precisely lamenting for Arjuna and her pride for Arjuna was hugely visible in the following text. [KMG Ref - Virata Parva: Kichaka-badha Parva: Section XIX] -“Alone on a single chariot, he defeated gods, men and serpents. That youthful one is now a dancing master for King Virata’s daughter.”“The one with the infinite soul satisfied the fire god in Khandava. Partha has now gone to the inner quarters, like a fire covered in a well.”“He was a bull among men and enemies were always frightened of him. Dhananjaya is now in a form that is despised by the world.”“Enemies trembled at the twang of his bow and the slapping of his palms. He now pleases women with the sweet sounds of his singing.”“A diadem that was like the sun always adorned his head. Dhananjaya’s unkempt hair is now braided. All the celestial weapons are known to that great-souled one. He is the repository of all knowledge and now wears earrings.”“Thousands of kings, whose energy was unlimited, could not cross him and overcome him in battle, just as the great ocean does not cross the shoreline. That youthful one is now a dancing master for King Virata’s daughter. He hides himself in disguise and serves the daughter.”“O Bhima! The earth, with its mountains and forests and mobile and immobile objects, trembled at the roar of his chariot.”“He is the immensely fortunate one whose birth destroyed Kunti’s sorrow. O Bhimasena! I now sorrow over your younger brother.”“He is adorned in golden ornaments and earrings and sports conch shells in his hands. On seeing him approach, my mind is immersed in sorrow.”“O Bhima! The archer Dhananjaya wears his unkempt hair in a braid. O Bhima! On seeing him surrounded by young maidens, my mind is immersed in sorrow.”“He is equal to a god. When I see Partha surrounded by young maidens, in the midst of musical instruments, like a bull-elephant in rut surrounded by she-elephants, and in the service of Virata, king of the Matsyas, who pays him, I can no longer see any of the directions.”Ref - Bibek Debroy. The Mahabharata: Volume 4 (pp. 39-40). Penguin Books Ltd. Kindle Edition. (Referred from critical edition)It also explains precisely one reason why Draupadi never approached Arjuna to kill Kichaka.During Aswamedha Sacrifice Arjuna was on his way of returning to Hastinapura after winning the entire country and Krishna joked on Arjuna in front of Yudisthira and Draupadi. Druapadi’s reaction on that joke was -“The princess Draupadi, however, looked angrily and askance at Krishna, (for she could not bear the ascription of any fault to Arjuna). The slayer of Kesi, viz., Hrishikesa, approved of that indication of love (for his friend) which the princess of Panchala, who also was his friend, displayed.” [Ref - Aswamedha Parva: Anugita Parva: Section LXXXVII]Whenever she spoke about Arjuna, she had glorified him and her pride for Arjuna was visible. That pride for Arjuna probably resulted in partiality of affection towards Arjuna. That’s why she never tolerated whenever she heard any thing bad about Arjuna.Arjuna according to Draupadi -“And there, that foremost of bowmen, endued with intelligence and renown, with senses under complete control and reverence for the old--that brother and disciple of Yudhishthira--is my husband Dhananjaya! Virtue he never forsaketh, from lust or fear or anger! Nor doth he ever commit a deed that is cruel. ” [Ref - Vana Parva: Draupadi-harana Parva: Section CCLXVIII]The points holds the key here -With senses under complete control andReverence for the old--that brother and disciple of Yudhishthira.Virtue he never forsaketh, from lust or fear or anger!Nor doth he ever commit a deed that is cruel.The above points were Arjuna’s quality as well as the weakness under a certain exceptional circumstances.Basically Arjuna shown his indecisiveness whenever he faced a situation where he had to chose a side between Yudisthira and Draupadi.So precisely it is the value that matters. She knew the characteristics of each husband very well and knew who can do what.Her partiality towards Arjuna stemmed from very logical reason that Arjuna was winner of riches.He was a great warrior, his achievement was marvelous and he won prosperity and fame for the family and kingdom. He protected the kingdom from external threat.Any woman would feel proud for the achievements of her husband. Draupadi was proud of Arjuna for that very same reason.Similarly she knew Bhima’s capability in fighting one-to-one combats and wrestling skills. She also knew that Bhima was vengeful and has a precise weakness towards her.She chose Bhima only when she need revenge or protection on certain special circumstances.Yudisthira on the other hand was no use other than being King. He was the reason of all her calamity as well as her status of being queen.So even though she was harsh on him in time for addiction of gambling but end of the day she treated him with respect. That’s it.So Draupadi was very intelligent lady who knew the value of her each husband and gave priority or displayed partiality according to that. But lets not deduce from it that she only loved Arjuna and Bhima. As per Vyas she loved all of her husband.Draupadi and Arjuna’s common bond of friendship with Krishna, Subhadra and Satyabhama -When Sanjay came as peace messenger to Upalavya before the start of Kurushetra war he found that Arjuna, Krishna, Draupadi and Satyabhama (2nd wife of Krishna) sitting together in separate apartments and gossiping.Only very few people were allowed to enter in that apartment. It was said Satyabhama also has very friendly relation with Draupadi and Arjuna.The following information was given by Sanjay himself. I have quoted this from Critical edition by Bibek Debroy and provided the link from KMG Translation as well.“Listen to me and I will tell you how I found Krishna and Dhananjaya and what those two brave ones said. O king! After purifying myself, I entered the quarters of those gods among men, looking at my toes and joining my hands in salutation. Abhimanyu and the twins are not allowed entry into the abode where the two Krishnas, and Krishna(Draupadi) and the beautiful Satyabhama, reside. Both of them were drunk with liquor and both had their bodies smeared with sandalwood. They wore garlands, excellent garments and were adorned with divine ornmanets. The two destroyers of enemies were seated on a large and golden couch, which was covered with many carpets. I saw that Keshava’s feet were on Arjuna’s lap, while the great-souled Arjuna’s were on Krishna(Draupadi ) and Satya (Satyabhama).” [Ref - Bibek Debroy. The Mahabharata: Volume 4 (p. 334). Penguin Books Ltd. Kindle Edition.][Ref - Udyoga Parva: Sanat-sujata Parva: Section LIX]No copyright infringement intended.Well it clearly state how close they were!!! None of the biased modern retelling would give you such glimpse!!!Arjuna definitely treated her like friend and that makes her closer to him.Another scene takes us to the Khandava Forest where Krishna and Arjuna enjoying summer with their friends!!! It was pre-dice game Indraprastha days of Pandavas-Partha and Govinda went to bank of Yamuna to play summer sport and to give company Draupadi, Subhadra and other women were also present. They are in fact mentioned here as friends!!!"Vaisampayana continued, 'Then, O Bharata, having consulted thus with each other, Partha and Govinda, with Yudhishthira's leave, set out, surrounded by friends. Reaching a fine spot (on the banks of the Yamuna) suitable for purposes of pleasure, overgrown with numerous tall trees and covered with several high mansions that made the place look like the celestial city and within which had been collected for Krishna and Partha numerous costly and well-flavoured viands and drinks and other articles of enjoyment and floral wreaths and various perfumes, the party entered without delay the inner apartments adorned with many precious gems of pure rays. Entering those apartments, everybody, O Bharata, began to sport, according to his pleasure. The women of the party, all of full rotund hips and deep bosoms and handsome eyes, and gait unsteady with wine began to sport there at the command of Krishna and Partha. Some amongst the women sported as they liked in the woods, some in the waters, and some within the mansions, as directed by Partha and Govinda. Draupadi and Subhadra, exhilarated with wine, began to give away unto the women so sporting, their costly robes and ornaments. And some amongst those women began to dance in joy, and some began to sing; and some amongst them began to laugh and jest, and some to drink excellent wines. Some began to obstruct one another's progress and some to fight with one another, and to discourse with one another in private. Those mansions and the woods, filled with the charming music of flutes and guitars and kettledrums, became the scene of Prosperity personified.”[Ref - Adi Parva: Khandava-daha Parva: Section CCXXIV],They sang, danced, laughed and enjoyed.In authors own words - it became the scene of Prosperity personified. It was such because the women were happy and enjoying the freedom and that was referred as Prosperity personified.Obviously both Krishna and Arjuna treated Draupadi and other ladies in very modern ways.Lets take a close look at Arjuna - Draupadi - Subhadra Triangle to check how exactly Arjuna gave preference between these two princesses.(Image Source - Google)It was Arjuna who desired her out of lust (lust and love are not same thing). On advice of Krishna he carried away Subhadra forcibly. Then Krishna convinced every body in Dwarka and they got married.“While wandering there, they saw the handsome daughter of Vasudeva, Bhadra by name, decked with every ornament, in the midst of her maids. As soon as Arjuna beheld her he was possessed by the god of desire.” [Ref - Adi Parva: Subhadra-harana Parva: Section CCXXI]Vyas didn’t gave any insight to Subhadra’s opinion about the marriage.There are many modern retelling where it was shown that Arjuna and Subhadra falling in love.But that’s not available in any Translation - It was probably done to cover up the actual abduction done by Arjuna with help of Krishna and to give the story a modern look.“"Vasudeva answered, 'O bull amongst men, self-choice hath been ordained for the marriage of Kshatriyas. But that is doubtful (in its consequences), O Partha, as we do not know this girl's temper and disposition. In the case of Kshatriyas that are brave, a forcible abduction for purposes of marriage is applauded, as the learned have said. Therefore O Arjuna, carry away this my beautiful sister by force, for who knows what she may do at a self-choice.' Then Krishna and Arjuna, having thus settled as to what should be done sent some speedy messengers unto Yudhishthira at Indraprastha, informing him of everything. The strong-armed Yudhishthira, as soon as he heard it, gave his assent to it.'"” [Ref - Adi Parva: Subhadra-harana Parva: Section CCXXI]If we look closely and analyze the events that happened after their marriage-Arjuna came back to Indraprastha with Subhadra. Arjuna first met King and then after paying respect to bramhins he went to Draupadi. Draupadi was emotionally hurt when she heard about Arjuna’s marriage with Subhadra.Arjuna apologized to Draupadi and asked for forgiveness. That’s the moment when he actually realized Draupadi’s true feeling.There was no proof available that shows Arjuna knew that Draupadi loved him as suggested by few persons. After that he never committed the same mistake again.The actual conversation was -“At last the hero went unto Draupadi. Draupadi, from jealousy, spoke unto him, saying, 'Why tarriest thou here, O son of Kunti? Go where the daughter of the Satwata race is! A second tiealways relaxeth the first one upon a faggot!' And Krishna lamented much in this strain. But Dhananjaya pacified her repeatedly and asked for her forgiveness” [Ref - Adi Parva: Haranaharana Parva: Section CCXXIII]But rendering apology didn’t cut the ice and then he sent Subhadra to Draupadi as cowherd girl. Subhadra willfully went and asked Draupadi to accept her as maid. Draupadi relents and accepted Subhadra as she was also Draupadi’s friend Krishna’s beloved sister.“And returning soon unto where Subhadra, attired in red silk, was staying, Arjuna, sent her into the inner apartments dressed not as a queen but in the simple garb of a cowherd woman. But arrived at the palace, the renowned Subhadra looked handsomer in that dress. The celebrated Bhadra of large and slightly red eyes first worshipped Pritha. Kunti from excess of affection smelt the head of that girl of perfectly faultless features, and pronounced infinite blessing upon her. Then that girl of face like the full moon hastily went unto Draupadi and worshipped her, saying, 'I am thy maid!' Krishna rose hastily and embraced the sister of Madhava from affection, and said, 'Let thy husband be without a foe!' Bhadra then, with a delighted heart, said unto Draupadi, 'So be it!'” [Ref - Adi Parva: Haranaharana Parva: Section CCXXIII]Rather than asking Draupadi to accept Subhadra directly Arjuna asked Subhadra to go to her as cowherd woman / maid.There was practically no need for Arjuna to do that as he already had the consent of King Yudisthira,It shows that Draupadi deserved more priority due to her own characteristic and Arjuna acted according to that.Also as mentioned earlier, Draupadi’s reaction was probably due to her own insecurity that Subhadra may get higher position (Subhadra is Krishna’s sister) and Draupadi won’t get much attention / priority from Arjuna and Subhadra would take that place.As she said -“A second tie always relaxeth the first one upon a faggot”.By sending Subhadra as cowherd girl to Draupadi, Arjuna might have tried to assuage that insecurity of Draupadi.If the issue was some thing related to love then no matter what Draupadi would have remained unhappy and not accepted Subhadra at all.Arjuna might not have expected this reaction of Draupadi.Subhadra became Draupadi’s devoted companion. During 13 years exile she even raised Draupadi’s sons with her own son.The below words were spoken by Krisna’s wife Satyabhama to Draupadi during Forest exile -“Thy brave sons, Prativindhya by Yudhishthira and Sutasoma by Bhima, and Srutakarman by Arjuna, and Satanika by Nakula, and Srutasena begot by Sahadeva, are well and have become skilled in weapons. Like Abhimanyu they are all staying at Dwaravati, delighted with the place. And Subhadra also, cheerfully and with her whole soul, looketh after them like thee, and like thee joyeth in them and deriveth much happiness from them. Indeed, she grieveth in their griefs and joyeth in their joys.” [Ref - http://www.sacred-texts.com/hin/...]According to Duryodhana’s words Drauapdi used to sleep in bare ground for destruction of Duryodhana and the success of the objects cherished by her husbands -“"Then again, Krishna, the daughter of Drupada, is in sorrow, undergoing the austerest of penances for my destruction and the success of the objects cherished by her husbands, and sleepeth every day on the bare ground, intending to do so till the end of the hostilities is attained. Abandoning honour and pride, the uterine sister of Vasudeva (Subhadra) is always serving Draupadi as veritable waiting woman. ” [Ref - Shalya Parva: Section 5]The Text also makes clear that Subhadra discarded her honor and pride and served Draupadi like veritable waiting woman.And it’s not a secret and even known to Duryodhana himself.So if some people are showing me Arjuna preferred Subhadra over Draupadi then they have not read Mahabharata and day dreaming!!!!None of the other wives of Pandavas had served Draupadi the way Subhadra had served.Arjuna never interfered in that relationship of Subhadra and Draupadi and that means he had no problem with Subhadra serving Draupadi like a veritable maid.The point here is Drauapdi was given priority over Subhadra. Many people converted the story of lust with love and presented a imaginary fact that Subhadra was given preference by Arjuna over Draupadi.Finally - The question of love!! In many cases Arjuna was vilified for not loving Draupadi without presenting any fact and with imaginary tales -(Image Source - Google)In Gandhamadan Mountain Draupadi and her other husbands met Arjuna.Arjuna returned from heaven After learning all weapons from Gods. He gave all the gems and ornaments to his love Draupadi that Indra presented him as gifts -“And when Matali had gone away, that foremost of the royal race, Sakra's son, the high-souled destroyer of all foes made over unto his love, the mother of Sutasoma, beautiful precious gems and ornaments having the splendour of the sun, which had been presented to him by Sakra.” [Ref - Vana Parva: Tirtha-yatra Parva: Section CLXIV]The same sloka was translated by Bibek debroy critical edition -“‘When the chariot of the supreme god had departed, Shakra’s great-souled son, the destroyer of all enemies, presented all the expensive and beautiful gifts that Shakra had given. The ornaments that he lovingly gave to his beloved, Sutasoma’s mother, glittered like the sun’s rays.”Ref - Bibek Debroy. The Mahabharata: Volume 3 (Kindle Locations 3976-3979). Penguin Books Ltd. Kindle Edition.Vyas clearly gave the indication that Arjuna indeed loved Draupadi.Remember Sutasoma is Bhima’s son from Draupadi. Love to mother of Sutasoma can be interpreted as non-physical love.It is a sign of love because Arjuna was not manipulated by any thing (like to prove his love or manliness etc neither Draupadi asked him to do that) - the act was done on a free will.Now show me a single instance from any unabridged translation of Mahabharata -Did any other Pandava brother gave any thing to Draupadi free from any manipulation or ask or any challenge to prove any thing such as manliness?No.Did any other Pandava brother treated Draupadi as a friend and with a sign of equality?No.Well we can say everybody loved probably their own way. But I have literally proved that at least Arjuna did loved her.In My analysis Bhima was definitely ready to do any thing probably for Draupadi.But that comes out only when Bhima was manipulated / challenged / questioned by some one in front of Draupadi or Draupadi herself.Some time he acted only when Draupadi asked him to do specific thing for her.He never did any thing for Draupadi on his own free from any manipulation or ask.That’s why I always felt it was more of proving his manliness in front of Draupadi rather than any true love.Arjuna had obviously preferred Abhimanyu and he acted rashly when Abhimanyu died in battle.Dasaratha loved Lord Rama most out of his four sons. Does that means he loved Koushalya most out of his three wives? No.Dasaratha blamed Kaikeyi and rejected her when Lord Rama left Ayodhya.The point is in warrior clan love towards a son doesn’t directly interpret towards love to son’s mother. Son in fact used hold a higher priority than wife as they are considered to be heir.Pandu was ready to send Kunti to other men for sake of getting sons. Think about it.Abhimanyu him self deserved the attention/love because of his quality. He was like a born hero and far ahead of his contemporaries and other sons of Pandavas.People used to put Abhimanyu on par with Arjuna in terms of warrior skill. He was the right heir to Arjuna’s fame. But that doesn’t means he didn’t loved the sons of Draupadi. He actually trained everybody.Many says why did Arjuna took revenge against Abhimanyu’s death while he didn’t acted in similar fashion when Draupadi’s children died.That is completely wrong assumption. Jayadrath was not the killer of Abhimanyu.Arjuna took revenge because he was betrayed by Jayadrath.It was Arjuna who saved Jayadratha’s life on earlier occasion. Later Jayadratha prayed to Lord Shiva and got a boon that he would be able to restrain four Pandavas for one day in war and that caused the death of Abhimanyu. It was a betrayal.Drona, Kripa and Karna and Drona's son, and the king of the Kosalas, and Kritavarman, these six car-warriors surrounded the son of Subhadra and attacked him together.It was Dussasana’s son who killed Abhimanyu.Arjuna didn’t took vow to take revenge against any one of them. In fact even after Abhimanyu’s death Arjuna continued to revere both Aswathamma, Drona or Kripa.Arjuna took the vow to kill Karna’s son in front of Karna only when Karna insulted Bhima on 14th day of war and Bhima complained that to Arjuna.The same thing was applicable in case of Draupadi’s sons as well. You can accuse Arjuna of showing unnecessary respect to Drona, Aswthamma, Kripa or Kritavarman (last three were responsible for the night massacre) but you can’t accuse Arjuna of doing Partiality.The conclusion of the analysis is -All Pandava brothers loved Draupadi probably their own way.Arjuna was closer to Draupadi because of their common bond of friendship with Krishna, Subhadra and Satyabhama.Arjuna had treated her as a friend and with priority, respect, equality and love without any manipulation.If you look Draupadi was more open and friendly towards Arjuna. It was visible if you watch out their conversation. The tone has the sign of equality. Drauapdi never spoke with her other husbands with tone of equality.On top of that Draupadi definitely liked Arjuna more than other husbands as she was proud of him as I explained earlier.