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Do the benefits of charter schools outweigh the loss in revenues they cause to the traditional public school systems?

First a few things off of the internet:www.gse.harvard.edu/news/ed/17/05/battle-over-charter-schoolsThe fiercest battle yet in America’s struggle over charter schools erupted last fall in Massachusetts. If passed, a ballot initiative in the general election would have given the Commonwealth the power to annually add up to 12 new charter schools — publicly funded, independently run alternatives to traditional public schools. They would have been built in a handful of urban communities, where 32,000 children, a majority black and Latino, were sitting on waiting lists of existing charters as they languished in underperforming district schools. But teachers, parents, and investors across the state, and the country at large, took to picketing, advertising, evangelizing. In one corner formed Save Our Public Schools (aka No on 2), a coalition that included teachers unions, PTA committees, the Jewish Labor League, and the Brazilian Women’s Group, and aligned with the likes of the NAACP, the mayor of Boston, and Senator Elizabeth Warren. They argued, broadly, that charters pilfer money and students from district schools, aren’t held accountable, and privatize public education.Are we talking about New York’s Success Academy or KIPP schools nationwide, perennially profiled examples of the best — charter, public, and private included — in the nation? Are we talking about any of the five Massachusetts charters that Senior Lecturer Kay Merseth, M.A.T.’69, Ed.D.’82, investigated in Inside Urban Charter Schools, wildly different in curricula, pedagogy, and mission, but all wildly successful? Are we talking about Boston-based Codman Academy, founded by Meg Campbell, C.A.S.’97, Ed.M.’05, where 100 percent of its students (98 percent minority) are accepted to college? Nationwide, while charters only educate 6 percent of the nation’s students, they regularly fill a third of U.S. News and World Report’s top 100 high schools.Or are we talking about Philadelphia’s Harambee Institute of Science and Technology, a K–8 charter with a cafeteria that on weekends converted into an illegal nightclub? Harambee was featured in a recent Last Week with John Oliver segment on sensational examples of failing charters, including several that closed in the middle of the year, and a Florida elementary charter that shuttered in the middle of a day.www.edweek.org/ew/articles/2019/04/18/many-online-charter-schools-fail-to-graduate.htmlMany Online Charter Schools Fail to Graduate Even Half of Their Students on TimeNationally, half of all virtual charter high schools had graduation rates below 50 percent in the 2016-17 school year. Thirty-seven percent of schools had graduation rates at or above 50 percent. Graduation data for the remaining 13 percent of schools was masked for various reasons, such as to protect student privacy. There are about 163 virtual charter schools educating over 30,000 seniors nationally as determined by the adjusted cohort graduation rate, according to federal numbers.www.washingtonpost.com/opinions/charter-schools-are-leading-to-an-unhealthy-divide-in-american-education/2018/06/22/73430df8-7016-11e8-afd5-778aca903bbe_story.html?noredirect=on&utm_term=.b3014e8c6992Today, there are more than 7,000 charter schools with about 3 million students (total enrollment in public schools is 50 million). About90 percent of charter schools are nonunion. Charters are more segregated than public schools, prompting the Civil Rights Project at UCLA in 2010 to call charter schools “a major political success” but “a civil rights failure.” They compete with public schools instead of collaborating. Charter proponents claim that the schools are progressive, but schools that are segregated and nonunion do not deserve that mantle.About one of every six charters operates for profit; in Michigan, 80 percent are run by for-profit corporations. Nationally, nearly 40 percent of charter schools are run by for-profit businesses known as Educational Management Organizations.Charter schools pave the way for vouchers. More than half of states now have some form of public subsidy for religious and private schools. Voucher schools are not bound by civil rights laws and may exclude students based on religion, disabilities and LGBT status.On average, charters do not get better academic results than public schools, according to the National Education Policy Center, except for those that have high attrition rates and that control their demographics to favor high-scoring groups. The lowest-scoring urban district in the nation is Detroit, where more than half the children are enrolled in charters. The highest-ranked charters in the nation are the BASIS charters in Arizona, where 83 percent of students are either Asian or white, double the proportion of these students in the state.www.bloomberg.com/opinion/articles/2018-10-11/charter-schools-when-school-choice-means-the-oppositeIn the years since the first charter-school law was passed in Minnesota, in 1991, the charter movement has strayed far from Shanker’s original vision. Instead of community-based, educator-driven innovation, charters have grown into an industry dominated by like-minded management organizations that sometimes control hundreds of schools — some nationwide.http://www.buildingbetterschools.com/charter-schools-are-not-the-key-to-improving-public-education/Why Conventional School “Reforms” Have FailedCharter Schools Are Not the Key to Improving Public EducationAccording to the well-regarded Center for Research on Education Outcomes (CREDO) research group from Stanford, only about one-quarter of charter schools score better in reading and math than their public school counterparts.Other major evaluations identified similar outcomes—some of our best schools are charters; they are also some of our worst. Most perform similarly to their district’s non-charter public schools. Comparable findings were reported by strong charter advocates, and a report focusing on New York City schools found no difference between public schools and charters. In 2015, CREDO evaluated charter schools in Texas and found on the whole they did worse than the public schools with matched students.Now for my opinion, any school properly funded with people who dedicated to doing the best they can will only do as well as their immediate community and parents support allows.Does not matter if it is an online or brick and mortar charter school or public school.One question though - anyone check to see why so many are vested in getting more charters? It couldn’t be so THEY could make more MONEY and not really to improve education, could it?

Is there a measurement that quantifies the total amount of "life" on earth at a given moment? Would one measure total mass, or perhaps, amount of energy consumed per unit time? I think such a metric could be useful for gauging planetary health.

Yes, the answer is called the Holocene Extinction. It is a global extinction event that is happening now, and has an endpoint of 300 years.Just look it up.Normally I would list, I think I have about 350 references in the public domain. However, when a topic doesn’t fit someone’s personal worldview, such as, Global Extinction, they get ticked, rather than read the references.So, to all of you Homo sapiens out there, I say, just look it up. And remember the stages of grieving, denial is that stage where you exclude those sources that say it is happening, and include those sources that say it is not.As for the numeric result of your question; 300 years, the sum is zero.Here are some graphs to upset you in the mean time:Total Global DebtSet against May’s equation as a Chaotic fractal:wherethe result:Global Commerce has already collapsed. It is only the Fractional Reserve Banking System that keeps the illusion of the digital domain seemingly real. It is actually a null domain, like a video game. In this game, you are already dead, but you have a button a hacker gave you to keep making guys. Eventually, the hacked code to do this corrupts the system so badly that it very obviously crashes, at which point, there is no faking it.This is not a prediction that Global Commerce will fail, it is a clear Chaotic Fractal that shows Global Commerce has already collapsed. The Total Global Debt is 400% of the Total Global Product. Only 3% of the Commerce on Earth is tangible. 97% is digital debt. There is no such thing as being ‘wealthy’ any more. They only possess digital debt.Commerce is the reason for the Holocene Extinction, detailed below:Ocean Dead Zones will encompass the entire planet by 2200Greenland’s Total Ice Loss:Albedo change of the polesThe North Polar Albedo Change is why the Northern jet stream has dropped to the 35th parallel.The Arctic has lost 40% of its year round ice. The Antarctic, which represents 91% of the Earth’s ice, has lost 20% of its ice. Where the topology seems similar, where it was once 4 miles thick, it is only a few hundred meters.Greenland and Antarctica make up 99% of the global fresh water ice.The global total sum current loss of permanent ice is approximately 50% between Antarctica and Greenland of the 99% global scale and irreversible.Earth’s Thermohaline System:The Gulf Stream is part of that system. The Gulf Stream takes 35 years to complete a cycle of turning warm water to the northern region (UK) then drops to several hundred meters, where it takes more than 30 years to return to the gulf. Therefore, measuring surface water temperature and air temperature is in general 35 years behind.This is the reason the data seems confusing to you. The air and surface water temperature are 35 year old data. What is really happening is on the ocean floor, and Climate Change is measured by ice loss, not air and water temperatures.At this point, the thermohaline has slowed to 20% of its deep depth surface speed (slowed by a factor of 5). The result will be a sudden flash of heat as the albedo changes, followed by a global deep freeze (Snowball Earth).The dense salt water drops below the cold fresh water before delivering its load of warm air to its destination. This is referred to as thermohaline collapse, and it is occurring at this very moment.The CO2 Myth:changing CO2 emissions will have no effect for 1000 years.However, CO2 contributes only less than 1% of the Total Greenhouse Effect:Taking the abundance into consideration:Results in the Total Contribution Factor:Half of the Total Greenhouse Gas is purely due to Animal agriculture:The ‘Crystal Serenity’The Northwest Passage was once a famed fearsome ice ridden impassable route through the arctic. The Northwest Passage was considered impassible for centuries. Now, cruise ships tour the entire passage, and as one Climatologist put it, there was not so much as an ice cube in sight. The land shown here, dirt, should be under a hundred meters of ice:The United Nations charts human population path as falling into three categories over the next century:All 3 paths are devastating. If the population increases, the result will be Global Failure by way of resources. If it remains in the middle, it will only extend those resources for 2 centuries. The lower, green path is the sum outcome, 99% certainty.Extrapolating:For anyone thinking our respite is in the Earth’s oceans as some untapped resource are neglecting the fact that ¾ of the Earth’s oceans are depleted or very nearly depleted of sea life from over fishing. That is, 75% of all of the oceans in the world have been fished to the point of becoming void of sea life. Stated clearly – 75% of our oceans are dead. That number can be seen clearly on the United Nations FAO web site. Totally depleted, fishless oceans are predicted as early as 2048. [142,143]This graph shows that the cattle we raise (Animal Agriculture) is consuming far greater resources than the human population:In order to ‘eat cows,’ they require 6x the resources a human does. This is a biological factor of mammal size vs. resources per pound as being an exponential, not a linear function.I am not a vegetarian, however, this graph shows the resources required for a non-leather clad vegan biker: (Like Judas Priest wearing cotton and eating tofu)By not going to Burger King every day for lunch, we can increase the probability of salvaging some human population 18 fold.The solution is Sheet Meat. Regardless of the cost now, every form of meat can be produced in the lab, and on an industrial scale, reduce the cost to what we see now for AA grown meat. [151–225]No one is coming to save us; not God, nor aliens from outer space. If we can salvage, I have calculated bot more than a few million humans will survive, 50% of animal and plant species, but each species will be reduced in number to a fraction. The reason is that between the Ocean Dead Zones and deforestation, the %oxygen will drop from its current 21% at sea level to about 12%. Loss of consciousness, for instance, occurs at about 10% oxygen, about the equivalent to being at 20,000 feet.The first two columns are going to zero. The ocean column will also drop to zero in less then 300 years. At that point, oxygen will have dropped to 5%.Whereas the dinosaurs survived 5 global extinctions while the Earth’s oxygen remained at about 30%, the last global extinction dropped that to 21%, and they did not survive the 5th global extinction. [2, 11–15]The first Global Extinction was Thea, about 4.5 billion years ago, (which actually brings the number to 6 prior global extinctions), where a planet sized body (named Thea) collided with Earth, blowing off the mantle, which is now the moon. It has recently been discovered that single celled life was forming. The second Global extinction occurred 650 million years ago, the Marinoan Extinction. It was a Snowball Earth scenario. [16–23] The Earth recovered because the moon was about 26,000 KM (half the distance) closer to the Earth, and able to form ice tides which brought about the reformation of liquid water. The moon has since moved too far away to form ice tides, and the Earth will not recover.Share this article. Pass it around. Make it viral. Remember, denial is merely a stage of grieving. You inherently know this planet is dying. We cannot stop it, but we may be able to salvage a portion of it.REFERENCES1.Walker, J. C. G. (1980) “The oxygen cycle in the natural environment and the biogeochemical cycles,” Springer-Verlag, Berlin, Federal Republic of Germany (DEU)2.Peter Ward: Out of Thin Air: Dinosaurs, Birds, and Earth's Ancient Atmosphere.3.Killer Inhabitants of the Rainforests. "Killer Inhabitants of the Rainforests". Gadgets, Fashion, Automobile, Environment. Retrieved 2012-08-26.4.Thornton, Phillip, Mario Herrero, and Polly Ericksen. “Livestock and Climate Change.” Livestock Exchange, no. 3 (2011)5.Report: IPCC AR5 WG# Chapter 11, Agriculture, Forestry and Other Land Us (AFOLU) United Nations.6.National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA). June 21, 2012. Retrieved June 23, 2012.7.David Perlman, Chronicle Science Editor (2008-08-15)."Scientists alarmed by ocean dead-zone growth". Home. Retrieved 2010-08-038.Diaz, R. J.; Rosenberg, R. (2008-08-15). "Spreading Dead Zones and Consequences for Marine Ecosystems".Science321(5891): 926–9.9.Climate change and dead zones, Andrew H. 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R.; Tilley, C. E. (1960). "Douglas Mawson 1882-1958". Biographical Memoirs of Fellows of the Royal Society 5: 119. doi:10.1098/rsbm.1960.001120.Kirschvink, Joseph (1992). "Late Proterozoic low-latitude global glaciation: the Snowball Earth". In J. W. Schopf; C. Klein. The Proterozoic Biosphere: A Multidisciplinary Study. Cambridge University Press.21.Snowball Earth: New Evidence Hints at Global Glaciation 716.5 Million Years Ago22.Harland, W.B. (1964). "Critical evidence for a great infra-Cambrian glaciation" (PDF). International Journal of Earth Sciences 54 (1): 45–61. Bibcode:1964GeoRu..54...45H. doi:10.1007/BF01821169. Retrieved 11 March 2008.23.Eyles, N.; Januszczak, N. (2004). "'Zipper-rift': A tectonic model for Neoproterozoic glaciations during the breakup of Rodinia after 750 Ma" (PDF). Earth-Science Reviews 65 (1–2): 1–73. Bibcode:2004ESRv...65....1E. doi:10.1016/S0012-8252(03)00080-1. Retrieved 4 May 2007.24."International Chronostratigraphic Chart". International Commission on Stratigraphy. 2015. Retrieved 29 April 2015.25.“Rearing cattle produces more greenhouse gas than driving cars, UN report warns.” 29 Nov 200626.See “Global Greenhouse Emissions” UN Food and Agricultural Organization 2006 FAO 201327.See EPA “Overview of Greenhouse Gases – methane”28.See FAO document “Livestock’s Role in Water Depletion and Pollution”29.Oppenlander, Richard A. Food Choice and Sustainability: Why Buying Local, Eating Less Meat, and Taking Baby Steps Won’t Work. . Minneapolis, MN : Langdon Street, 2013. Print.30.Comfortably Unaware. 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Washington, DC: Center for Science in the Public Interest, 2006.73.Oxford Journals. "Water Resources: Agricultural and Environmental Issues"74.The World's Water. "Water Content of Things"75.Journal of Animal Science. "Estimation of the water requirement for beef production in the United States."76.Robbins, John. “2,500 Gallons, All Wet?” EarthSave77.Meateater’s Guide to Climate Change & Health.” Environmental Working Group.78.“Water Footprint Assessment.” University of Twente, the Netherlands.79.Oppenlander, Richard A. Food Choice and Sustainability: Why Buying Local, Eating Less Meat, and Taking Baby Steps Won’t Work. Minneapolis, MN: Langdon Street, 2013. Print80.“Meateater’s Guide to Climate Change & Health.” Environmental Working Group.81.http://www3.epa.gov/watersense/pubs/fixleak.html82.SAP Report: SAP 3.4: Abrupt Climate Change, Chapter 4. The Potential for Abrupt Change in the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation.83.Loeb, N.G. et al. 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