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Hello Beginners..!!First of all, Cloud services help to save lots of the 2 most precious resources of today – time and money.And frankly, nowadays the importance of cloud computing isn't even an issue . The questions are How and What cloud services to use.And the typical dilemma seems like AWS vs Azure vs Google.What is Cloud ComputingImagine a network of remote servers that are arranged to assist customers store and process their data, manage websites, API’s, AI , etc. the purchasers don't got to build any servers by themselves. All they have to try to to is to shop for a subscription and begin building their products.Challenges of Cloud ComputingSome say cloud services aren't that easy or maybe tricky. But frankly, we can’t say there are disadvantages of cloud computing. But there are variety of things to stay in mind with starting out with cloud services.• Avoid Vendor Lock-InOne of the scariest cloud computing odds. Various clouds can provide you with the execution environment or data-based management system (DBMS). Everything is great, everything goes smoothly …until you opt to vary your cloud provider. That’s the instant the horror can begin.Moving usually includes many concerns and issues and may appear to be technically difficult and doubtless too expensive. and usually just impossible.Thus it's worth considering using your own side –services to manage your project.• Using own storage and database servicesIf potential limitations look quite scary for you, it’s possible to urge yourself the liberty of choice – use your own services like DBMS, message brokers, and other services. this suggests that you simply are employing a standard virtual machine to run the service you need: you set it up by yourself, not using any standard solutions from the provider. it'll assist you to avoid vendor lock, but also provide you with clear processes and skill to maneuver to a different cloud provider almost whenever you would like .What you’ll need may be a DevOps engineer that might manage your cloud services which comes at a price .The simplistic notion of the matter would look like: to take a position in hiring a DevOps engineer or never change the provider?We went through this with one among our clients – financial news aggregator CityFALCON. From the start of the project, four years ago, we knew that we didn’t need to stay locked. So, we chose to support all the cloud libraries and databases by ourselves. Eventually, it had been the proper choice because it helped the Client to save lots of almost 100 thousand dollars.• Use serverless functionsIf your solution isn’t very complicated and you're not scared of vendor lock, such a service will help to save lots of your money. These are feature-as-a-service features that provide serverless development within the cloud. during this case, for smaller tasks, you don’t need an entire virtual machine. Why not choose it, especially when all basic cloud computing providers offer serverless functions.When it’s okay to use serverless functions: these features start working only users access your website, and cut automatically once they are not any longer needed.You can pay only you actually use it. you'll calculate AWS vs Azure vs Google pricing for AWS Lambda, Azure Functions, Google Cloud Functions.• Cloud computing for free of chargeIf you're just starting your project and searching for a cloud computing provider, don’t be during a hurry to settle on between Google Cloud vs AWS vs Azure. Start with checking out tenders: maybe, it's your opportunity to win.If you would like an answer directly , you are doing not got to await funding opportunities, though. Google Cloud, Amazon Web Services and Microsoft Azure each offer 12 months of free trial for his or her customers.In short: Why is cloud computing important?Reduce costs: You not need to upgrade your systems, buy new hard- or software, pay experts, or spend money for crazy energy consumption for server maintenance.Work fast and obtain automatic updates. Well, cloud services also may have delays, but there are fewer. Moreover, you are doing not need to perform the updates: whether it's new software, server updates or computing power. The service upgrades are automatic and included in your fee.Be scalable: Scalability may become a true headache once your project starts to grow. Cloud allows you to ditch upgrading your hardware if servers fail. regardless of how briskly your app grows, the cloud’s flexibility adjusts to your app, allowing you to unravel more important business tasks.Dynamic scaling: you'll add or remove hardware consistent with your needs. for instance , at hour , it's possible to feature hardware, also as remove it within the night, once you don't need these resources. this enables you to use hardware more efficiently and economize .TOP 3 Cloud Service Providers: Azure vs AWS vs GoogleNowadays there are variety of various cloud computing services on the market. They differ in their features, conditions, prices, etc.But there are three top well-known computing services everyone within the industry has heard about: Amazon Web Services, Microsoft Azure and Google Cloud Computing.Let’s delve into some details.Note: There also are cloud computing types like IaaS, PaaS and SaaS. Here Microsoft tells about each of them.1.1 Amazon web servicesAmazon Web Services may be a cloud computing platform created by Amazon. The service provides its users with a mixture of IaaS and Paas services. Moreover, it offers SaaS service products as packaged software.Computing powerThe virtual machine of Amazon is that the Elastic Compute Cloud or EC2.The key functions of Elastic Compute Cloud:• Windows and Linux support• High-performance computing• Auto-scaling toolsPricingThe easiest thanks to estimate your monthly fees is to use an AWS Calculator. It doesn't matter whether you employ one virtual machine or several side services of Amazon.Amazon also offers a free 12 months free or always free services, also as trial products. you'll check these opportunities and filter them consistent with your needs.Storage resourcesAmazon offers its users different sorts of storage, each for a special purpose.The most commonly used are:• Object storage S3 (Simple Storage Service)• Persistent block storage (usually used with Elastic Compute Power)• File storage (Elastic File System)In other words, there are tons of Amazon strengths and you'll find a storage system for various sorts of files and knowledge . Whatever your business is devoted too, Amazon may be a convenient choice.Let’s consider some Amazon strengths and weaknesses:1.2 Microsoft AzureMicrosoft Azure may be a cloud computing service of Microsoft. the most functions of Azure are providing users with a virtual machine, cloud computing, storage and side services. As a rule, Microsoft Azure is usually used for application creation, including testing, deploying, and further management.Computing powerMicrosoft has Virtual Machines, referred to as its main compute service. Besides supporting Microsoft’s software, Azure provides the system with hybrid cloud capabilities and security.Among key servers that are supported by Virtual Machine are:• SQL Server• SAP• Linux Servers• Oracle• Windows ServersPricingLike all the opposite cloud services providers, Azure from Microsoft features a huge difference in products, and therefore the price often depends on the hardware sort of geolocation. you'll estimate your expected monthly payments of Azure products with the Microsoft Azure cost calculator.Microsoft Azure also offers 12 months of popular free services, $200 credit for any service for 30 days, and an inventory of always-free Azure services.Storage resourcesThere are five main storage resources at Microsoft Azure:• Blob Storage for REST-based objects• Storage for voluminous workloads• File and Disk StoragesStorage for all object types• Store for giant data apps1.3 Google CloudGoogle Cloud Platform, as you’ve probably guessed, is obtainable by Google. it's a set of cloud computing services that runs on an equivalent infrastructure that Google uses internally for its own products.Computing powerGoogle doesn't have the maximum amount computing power services than its competitors. Though, its main Compute Engine service covers all the clients’ needs.Compute Engine offers:• Custom and predefined machine types boasting• Linux support• Per-second billing• Windows supportPricing optionsYou can estimate your total project costs with the Google Cloud Platform Pricing Calculator.AsLike AWS and Azure, Google Cloud also offers a free 12-months-long tier that has $300 free credit and therefore the list of always free products.Storage resourcesGCP also features a lot of storage options. The key one among them is Cloud Storage – a unified object storage service. the most difference of Google Cloud at that time is its Transfer Appliance server, which is analogous to Amazon Web Services’ Snowball.Google cloud computing pros and cons:AWS vs Azure vs Google Cloud: What else to consider?1. A capability to figure with AIArtificial intelligence and every one the derivative technologies are our future or maybe present. As more vendors consider working with AI, the more cloud services attempt to provide such opportunities to their customers.However, Microsoft Azure, AWS and Google Cloud are offering their users alike AI support:• Google focuses totally on AI along side machine learning. The platform supports TensorFlow library, therefore the customers can develop and deploy ML-related applications with none complications.• Amazon is additionally supporting TensorFlow. Moreover, it's a service named SageMarker, where it's possible to coach machine learning models. Further deployment is additionally included.• Azure is additionally began to support Artificial Intelligence: Microsoft offers the purchasers ana ML-machine learning service along side a bot service of Azure.2. Internet of Things supportAt now , Google Cloud rocks: the service features a lot of offerings for working with APIs for tongue , speech processing, and translation.Moreover, Google offers a chance to figure with serverless services.Microsoft has also invested in IoT: it's several management and analytics services, and its serverless computing service is understood as Functions.Amazon Web Services offers a special messaging system for the web of Things and therefore the Lambda serverless computing service.3. MulticloudnessYou might notice that different cloud service providers offer their customers different fees, prices or maybe services.Nevermind, you'll use several IaaS cloud vendors each surely tasks you would like .For example, AWS and Microsoft Azure are the foremost common providers to be paired up. Google Cloud also joins this company frequently.The importance of cloud computing couldn't be underrated. The strategic importance of cloud computing in business organizations is all about reducing costs scalability and efficiency.If you are thinking to choose Microsoft Azure feel more confident that a career in Microsoft Azure will not diminish in the future, but rather continue to rapidly grow. If you’re curious about learning more about the way to become Microsoft Azure certified, you can start with the better guidance. Sites like testpreptraining offers a Microsoft Azure Training Library. It’s loaded with plenty of valuable resources like Learning Paths, Courses, Certification Preparation Exams, Quizzes, and Hands-on Labs to find out and excel in Microsoft Azure.So I’ll recommend you that it is a good chance to start to career building in Microsoft Azure.Good Luck..! Choose wisely….Be committed to your choice. Don’t get panic. Be positive and give your best .The success will be all Yours…!All the best..!

SYLLABUS FOR TEST ON ‘AWARENESS ABOUT SECURITIES MARKET’ OF PHASE ISECURITIES MARKETS1. Indian Financial system - introduction - structure - finance commission - financial administration receipts of the Government - Expenditures of the Government.2. Capital markets - primary market - instruments - legal issues and regulations - secondary market – stock exchanges - brokers - trading in stock exchanges - forward trading - stock index - depositories – regulations3. Bond Market- Money market, G.sec Market, Corporate bond market, Bond valuation, Duration, sensitivity, risk4. Foreign Exchange market - exchange control - fixation of exchange rate - exchange control in India - FEMA - foreign exchange transactions of commercial banks in India - currency convertibility – currency forwards, futures and options - trading in foreign exchange market - relationship between money market and foreign exchange market.5. Commodity market, commodity trading and exchanges6. International capital markets - instruments - Guidelines - foreign investment in India and its regulations.SECURITIES LAW:1. Relationship between Company Law and securities law2. Basic concepts related to securities law, like capital, public offer and securities3. Historical Background of securities law4. SEBI as a Market regulator, Powers and Functions of SEBI, Quasi legislative powers, executive powers and quasi-judicial powers5. Regulating the intermediaries and Stock exchanges, Meaning and Type of securities, Securities Contract, Corporatization, Demutualization and regulation of stock exchange, Listing Agreement, Dematerlisation and Rematerlisation6. Rights and duties of Depository (NSDL AND CSDL) , Depository Participant, Issuer and beneficiary7. Unpublished Price Sensitive Information(UPSI) , Insider as connected person, Insider as the person having access to UPSI, Trading on the basis of UPSI8. Mergers Amalgamation and takeovers, Types and legal processes during takeover, Substantial Acquisitions, Exemptions by law, Exemption BY SEBI9. Public offer and disclosure requirements10. Unfair Trade Practices in the securities market, Securities Market offences, Prohibition of Insider Trading11. SEBI ICDR Regulations12. Public Offer requirements13. Role of SEBI as a Regulator14. Securities Appellate Tribunal15. Role of Courts in enforcing securities regulationsSyllabus for Paper I of Phase IISECURITIES MARKETS (GENERAL STREAM)1. SEBI as a Market regulator, Powers and Functions of SEBI, Quasi legislative powers, executive powers and quasi-judicial powers2. Regulating the intermediaries and Stock exchanges, Meaning and Type of securities, Securities Contract, Corporatization, Demutualization and regulation of stock exchange, Listing Agreement.3. SEBI regulated entities: Stock-broking, Depositories, Depository Participants, Registrars and Transfer Agents, Merchant Bankers, Custodians, Debenture Trustees, Stock Exchanges, Clearing Corporations, Credit Rating Agencies, Alternative Investment Funds, Bankers to Issues, Investment Advisors etc.4. Stock Broking – equity, derivative, commodity5. Merchant banking services - capital issue management - pricing of issue -marketing of issues.6. Mutual funds: Indian History, Role, legal structure, Types of schemes and main features, Real estate MFs and Reits, InVits, Distribution of financial products and investment advice: issues, concerns and regulatory requirements7. Commodity market, commodity trading and commodity exchanges8. International capital markets - instruments - Guidelines - foreign investment in India and its regulations.9. Historical Background of securities law10. Basic concepts related to securities law, like capital, public offer and securities11. Relationship between Company Law and securities law12. Rights and duties of Depository (NSDL AND CSDL) , Depository Participant, Issuer and beneficiary13. Mergers Amalgamation and takeovers, Types and legal processes during takeover, Substantial Acquisitions, Exemptions by law, Exemption BY SEBI14. Public offer and disclosure requirements, SEBI ICDR Regulations, LODR Regulations15. Unfair Trade Practices in the securities market, Securities Market offences, Prohibition of Insider Trading, Unpublished Price Sensitive Information(UPSI) , Insider as connected person, Insider as the person having access to UPSI, Trading on the basis of UPSI16. Public Offer requirements17. Foreign Portfolio Investors: Their role, nature of investments in Indian Market, their impact on Indian Markets18. Collective Investment Schemes: regulatory framework, main issues/ concerns, role of SEBI and other agencies19. Securities Appellate Tribunal : constitution, recent important cases20. Role of Courts in enforcing securities regulationsFINANCIAL SECTOR (LEGAL / INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY / ENGINEERING STREAMS)1. Indian Financial system - introduction - structure - finance commission - financial administration receipts of the Government - Expenditures of the Government.2. Regulatory framework - RBI.3. Non-banking financial companies – functions- RBI regulated: Leasing & Hire Purchase Companies, Gold Loan Companies, Retail Financing Companies, Chit Funds, Nidhis etc., Micro-Finance Institutions, and Credit Information Bureaus.4. Monetary Policies, REPO, reverse REPO, Fiscal deficit5. Lease financing, hire purchase finance, consumer credit6. Pension Products, Ponzi Schemes.7. Insurance services Life Insurance, General Insurance, and Health Insurance. Lines of Business: Pure Term, Endowment, Pension, Bundled products. Reinsurance. Insurance broking, Bancassurance.8. Bond Market- Money market, G.sec Market, Corporate bond market, Bond valuation, Duration, sensitivity, risk9. Foreign Exchange market - exchange control - fixation of exchange rate - exchange control in India - FEMA - foreign exchange transactions of commercial banks in India - currency convertibility – currency forwards, futures and options - trading in foreign exchange market - relationship between money market and foreign exchange market.10. Capital markets - primary market - instruments - secondary market - stock exchanges - brokers – trading in stock exchanges - forward trading - stock index - depositories – regulationsPAPER-II ENGLISH WRITING SKILLSThe paper on English shall be framed in a manner to assess the writing skills including expression and understanding of the topic.Syllabus for Paper III of Phase IIGeneral Stream:Economic and social Issues:Growth and Development1. Measurement of growth: National Income and per capita income2. Poverty Alleviation and Employment Generation in India3. Sustainable Development and Environmental issues. Economic Reforms in India4. Industrial and Labour Policy5. Monetary and Fiscal Policy6. Privatization7. Role of Economic Planning. Globalization8. Opening up of the Indian Economy9. Balance of Payments, Export-Import Policy10. International Economic Institutions – IMF and World Bank11. WTO12. Regional Economic Co-operation.Social Structure in India1. Multiculturalism2. Demographic Trends3. Urbanization and Migration4. Gender Issues5. Social Justice : Positive Discrimination in favor of the under privileged6. Social Movements7. Indian Political System8. Human Development9. Social Sectors in India, Health and EducationFINANCE AND MANAGEMENT:(I) Finance:(a) Financial System:1. Money Market, Capital Market2. Reserve Bank of India- functions and conduct of monetary policy, Banking System in India, Financial Institutions – SIDBI, EXIM, NABARD, NHB, etc.3. SEBI – functions and role4.Prevention of Money Laundering5.Know Your Client Framework(b) Financial Markets Primary and Secondary Markets (Forex, Money, Bond, Equity, etc.), functions, instruments, recent developments.(c) General Topics:1.Risk Management in Financial Sector Page 21 of 252. Basics of Derivatives: Forward, Futures and Swap3. Changing Landscape of Financial sector4. Recent Developments in the Financial Sector, Portfolio Investment, Public Sector Reforms, Disinvestments5. Financial Inclusion- use of technology6. Alternate source of finance, private and social cost-benefit, Public-Private Partnership7. Corporate Governance in Financial Sector, role of e-governance in addressing the issues of corruption and inefficiency in the government sector.8. The Union Budget – Direct and Indirect taxes; Non-tax sources of Revenue, GST, Thirteenth Finance Commission and GST, Finance Commission, Fiscal Policy, Fiscal Responsibility and Budget Management Act (FRBM),9. Inflation: Definition, trends, estimates, consequences, and remedies (control): WPI, CPI - components and trends.(II) Management:1. Management: its nature and scope; The Management Processes; Planning, Organization, Staffing, Directing and controlling; The Role of a Manager in an Organization.2. Leadership: The Tasks of a Leader; Leadership Styles; Leadership Theories; A successful Leader versus an effective Leader.3. Human Resource Development: Concept of HRD; Goals of HRD; Performance Appraisal – Potential appraisal and development – Feedback and Performance Counseling – Career Planning – Training and Development – Rewards – Employee Welfare. Motivation, Morale and Incentives: Theories of Motivation; How Managers Motivate; Concept of Morale; Factors determining morale; Role of Incentives in Building up Morale.4. Communication: Steps in the Communication Process; Communication Channels; Oral versus Written Communication; Verbal versus non-verbal Communication; upward, downward and lateral communication; Barriers to Communication, Role of Information Technology.5. Corporate Governance: Factors affecting Corporate Governance; Mechanisms of Corporate Governance.Specialized Subject (Legal / Information Technology / Engineering Streams):Legal Stream:1. Constitution of India2. Law of Contracts – Indian Contracts Act, 1872, Specific Relief Act, 19633. Company Law - Companies Act, 20134. Criminal Law – Indian Penal Code, 1860 along with the Code of Criminal Procedure, 19735. Code of Civil Procedure, 19086. Jurisprudence7. Law of evidence – Indian Evidence Act, 1872, The Oaths Act, 19698. Administrative law9. Law of Torts – reference to the Consumer Protection Act, 198610. Property law – Transfer of Property Act, 1882, Indian Easements Act, 188211. Arbitration and Conciliation – The Arbitration and Conciliation Act, 199612. Taxation – important features of the Income Tax Act.13. Law of Trusts – Indian Trusts Act, 1882 and the Maharashtra Public Trusts Act14. Important Latin terms and maxims15. Interpretation of statuesInformation Technology Stream:1. Concepts on databases2. Programming in Java/ C++/ VB/ SQL3. Data Warehousing/ Analytical tool (SAS, R, SAP, Oracle/ Microsoft BI)4. Networking Concepts (LAN/ WAN etc.)5. Information and Cyber Security/ IT Security/ Network Audit/ IT Act6. Knowledge on Servers/ StorageQuestions may be related to:1. Core Java 1.72. Java Spring Framework 3.03. Hibernate Framework 3.04. SOAP Web Service Development5. Jquery, JSP, HTML6. Mobile Apps Development7. BPM Workflow8. Dashboards and Business Intelligence Reports9. Database Administration Oracle/ DB210. PL/SQLEngineering Stream - Civil Engineering1. Building Materials: Stone, Lime, Glass, Plastics, Steel, FRP, Ceramics, Aluminum, Fly Ash, Basic Admixtures, Timber, Bricks and Aggregates: Classification, properties and selection criteria; Cement: Types, Composition, Properties, Uses, Specifications and various Tests; Lime & Cement Mortars and Concrete: Properties and various Tests; Design of Concrete Mixes: Proportioning of aggregates and methods of mix design.2. Solid Mechanics: Elastic constants, Stress, plane stress, Strains, plane strain, Mohr’s circle of stress and strain, Elastic theories of failure, Principal Stresses, Bending, Shear and Torsion.3. Structural Analysis: Basics of strength of materials, Types of stresses and strains, Bending moments and shear force, concept of bending and shear stresses; Analysis of determinate and indeterminate structures; Trusses, beams, plane frames; Rolling loads, Influence Lines, Unit load method & other methods; Free and Forced vibrations of single degree and multi degree freedom system; Suspended Cables; Concepts and use of Computer Aided Design.4. Design of Steel Structures: Principles of Working Stress methods, Design of tension and compression members, Design of beams and beam column connections, built-up sections, Girders, Industrial roofs, Principles of Ultimate load design.5. Design of Concrete and Masonry structures: Limit state design for bending, shear, axial compression and combined forces; Design of beams, Slabs, Lintels, Foundations, Retaining walls, Tanks, Staircases; Principles of pre-stressed concrete design including materials and methods; Earthquake resistant design of structures; Design of Masonry Structure.6. Construction Practice, Planning and Management: Construction - Planning, Equipment, Site investigation and Management including Estimation with latest project management tools and network analysis for different Types of works; Analysis of Rates of various types of works; Tendering Process and Contract Management, Quality Control, Productivity, Operation Cost; Land acquisition; Labour safety and welfare.7. Flow of Fluids, Hydraulic Machines and Hydro Power:a. Fluid Mechanics, Open Channel Flow, Pipe Flow: Fluid properties; Dimensional Analysis and Modeling; Fluid dynamics including flow kinematics and measurements; Flow net; Viscosity, Boundary layer and control, Drag, Lift, Principles in open channel flow, Flow controls. Hydraulic jump; Surges; Pipe networks.b. Hydraulic Machines and Hydro power: Various pumps, Air vessels, Hydraulic turbines – types, classifications & performance parameters; Power house – classification and layout, storage, pondage, control of supply.8. Hydrology and Water Resources Engineering: Hydrological cycle, Ground water hydrology, Well hydrology and related data analysis; Streams and their gauging; River morphology; Flood, drought and their management; Capacity of Reservoirs. Water Resources Engineering : Multipurpose uses of Water, River basins and their potential; Irrigation systems, water demand assessment; Resources - storages and their yields; Water logging, canal and drainage design, Gravity dams, falls, weirs, Energy dissipaters, barrage Distribution works, Cross drainage works and head-works and their design; Concepts in canal design, construction & maintenance; River training, measurement and analysis of rainfall.9. Environmental Engineering:a. Water Supply Engineering: Sources, Estimation, quality standards and testing of water and their treatment; Rural, Institutional and industrial water supply; Physical, chemical and biological characteristics and sources of water, Pollutants in water and its effects, Estimation of water demand; Drinking water Standards, Water Treatment Plants, Water distribution networks.b. Waste Water Engineering: Planning & design of domestic waste water, sewage collection and disposal; Plumbing Systems. Components and layout of sewerage system; Planning & design of Domestic Waste-water disposal system; Sludge management including treatment, disposal and re-use of treated effluents; Industrial waste waters and Effluent Treatment Plants including institutional and industrial sewage management.c. Solid Waste Management: Sources & classification of solid wastes along with planning & design of its management system; Disposal system, Beneficial aspects of wastes and Utilization by Civil Engineers.d. Air, Noise pollution and Ecology: Concepts & general methodology.10. Geo-technical Engineering and Foundation Engineering:a. Geo-technical Engineering: Soil exploration - planning & methods, Properties of soil, classification, various tests and inter-relationships; Permeability & Seepage, Compressibility, consolidation and Shearing resistance, Earth pressure theories and stress distribution in soil; Properties and uses of geosynthetics.b. Types of foundations & selection criteria, bearing capacity, settlement analysis, design and testing of shallow & deep foundations; Slope stability analysis, Earthen embankments, Dams and Earth retaining structures: types, analysis and design, Principles of ground modifications.11. Surveying and Geology:a. Surveying: Classification of surveys, various methodologies, instruments & analysis of measurement of distances, elevation and directions; Field astronomy, Global Positioning System; Map preparation; Photogrammetric; Remote sensing concepts; Survey Layout for culverts, canals, bridges, road/railway alignment and buildings, Setting out of Curves.b. Geology: Basic knowledge of Engineering geology & its application in projects.12. Transportation Engineering: Highways - Planning & construction methodology, Alignment and geometric design; Traffic Surveys and Controls; Principles of Flexible and Rigid pavements design Tunneling - Alignment, methods of construction, disposal of muck, drainage, lighting and ventilation. Railways Systems – Terminology, Planning, designs and maintenance practices; track modernization. Harbours – Terminology, layouts and planning. Airports – Layout, planning & design.Engineering Stream - Electrical Engineering1. Electrical Materials: Electrical Engineering Materials, crystal structures and defects, ceramic materials, insulating materials, magnetic materials – basics, properties and applications; ferrities, ferromagnetic materials and components; basics of solid state physics, conductors; Photo-conductivity; Basics of Nano materials and Superconductors.2. Electric Circuits and Fields: Circuit elements, network graph, KCL, KVL, Node and Mesh analysis, ideal current and voltage sources, Thevenin’s, Norton’s, Superposition and Maximum Power Transfer theorems, transient response of DC and AC networks, Sinusoidal steady state analysis, basic filter concepts, two-port networks, three phase circuits, Magnetically coupled circuits, Gauss Theorem, electric field and potential due to point, line, plane and spherical charge distributions, Ampere’s and Biot-Savart’s laws; inductance, dielectrics, capacitance; Maxwell’s equations.3. Electrical and Electronic Measurements: Principles of measurement, accuracy, precision and standards; Bridges and potentiometers; moving coil, moving iron, dynamometer and induction type instruments, measurement of voltage, current, power, energy and power factor, instrument transformers, digital voltmeters and multi-meters, phase, time and frequency measurement, Q-meters, oscilloscopes, potentiometric recorders, error analysis, Basics of sensors, Transducers, basics of data acquisition systems.4. Computer Fundamentals: Number systems, Boolean algebra, arithmetic functions, Basic Architecture, Central Processing Unit, I/O and Memory Organization; peripheral devices, data representation and programming, basics of Operating system and networking, virtual memory, file systems; Elements of programming languages, typical examples.5. Basic Electronics Engineering: Basics of Semiconductor diodes and transistors and characteristics, Junction and field effect transistors (BJT, FET and MOSFETS), different types of transistor amplifiers, equivalent circuits and frequency response; oscillators and other circuits, feedback amplifiers.6. Analog and Digital Electronics: Operational amplifiers – characteristics and applications, combinational and sequential logic circuits, multiplexers, multi-vibrators, sample and hold circuits, A/D and D/A converters, basics of filter circuits and applications, simple active filters; Microprocessor basics- interfaces and applications, basics of linear integrated circuits; Analog communication basics, Modulation and de-modulation, noise and bandwidth, transmitters and receivers, signal to noise ratio, digital communication basics, sampling, quantizing, coding, frequency and time domain multiplexing, power line carrier communication systems.7. Systems and Signal Processing: Representation of continuous and discrete-time signals, shifting and scaling operations, linear, time-invariant and causal systems, Fourier series representation of continuous periodic signals, sampling theorem, Fourier and Laplace transforms, Z transforms, Discrete Fourier transform, FFT, linear convolution, discrete cosine transform, FIR filter, IIR filter, bilinear transformation.8. Control Systems: Principles of feedback, transfer function, block diagrams and signal flow graphs, steady-state errors, transforms and their applications; Routh-hurwitz criterion, Nyquist techniques, Bode plots, root loci, lag, lead and lead-lag compensation, stability analysis, transient and frequency response analysis, state space model, state transition matrix, controllability and observability, linear state variable feedback, PID and industrial controllers.9. Electrical Machines: Single phase transformers, three phase transformers - connections, parallel operation, auto-transformer, energy conversion principles, DC machines - types, windings, generator characteristics, armature reaction and commutation, starting and speed control of motors, Induction motors - principles, types, performance characteristics, starting and speed control, Synchronous machines - performance, regulation, parallel operation of generators, motor starting, characteristics and applications, servo and stepper motors.10. Power Systems: Basic power generation concepts, steam, gas and water turbines, transmission line models and performance, cable performance, insulation, corona and radio interference, power factor correction, symmetrical components, fault analysis, principles of protection systems, basics of solid state relays and digital protection; Circuit breakers, Radial and ring-main distribution systems, Matrix representation of power systems, load flow analysis, voltage control and economic operation, System stability concepts, Swing curves and equal area criterion. HVDC transmission and FACTS concepts, Concepts of power system dynamics, distributed generation, solar and wind power, smart grid concepts, environmental implications, fundamentals of power economics.11. Power Electronics and Drives: Semiconductor power diodes, transistors, thyristors, triacs, GTOs, MOSFETs and IGBTs - static characteristics and principles of operation, triggering circuits, phase control rectifiers, bridge converters - fully controlled and half controlled, principles of choppers and inverters, basis concepts of adjustable speed dc and ac drives, DC-DC switched mode converters, DCAC switched mode converters, resonant converters, high frequency inductors and transformers, power supplies.