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NewAffiliate ProgrammeClassroom ProgrammeBANKINGAboutClassroom ProgrammeVideo CoursesOnline Test SeriesInterview ClassesCorrespondence CourseSSCAboutClassroom ProgrammeVideo CoursesOnline Test SeriesCorrespondence CourseOUR CENTERSENQUIRYNewCurrent Affairs 2020NewIBPS Clerk 2020NewRRB NTPC 2020IBPS POSBI CBO 2020SBI PO 2020SBI Clerk 2020IBPS RRB 2020SSC MTS 2020RRC Group DNewGovt Jobs 2020Bank Exams 2020NewSSC CGLSSC CHSL 2020Become A PartnerSarkari ResultGet IBPS PO/ RRB Study MaterialBuy NowBank Exam ▼SSC Exam ▼Coaching ▼RRB NTPC 2020: Exam Date & Application Status OutRailway RRB NTPC Exam Date 2020 is out to recruit 35,208 vacancies for the posts of Non-Technical Popular Categories (NTPC) i.e. Junior Clerk cum Typist, Accounts Clerk cum Typist, Junior Time Keeper, Trains Clerk, Commercial cum Ticket Clerk, Traffic Assistant, Goods Guard, Senior Commercial cum Ticket Clerk, Senior Clerk cum Typist, Junior Account Assistant cum Typist, Senior Time Keeper, Commercial Apprentice and Station Master in various Zonal Railways and Production Units of Indian Railways.Railway Recruitment Board conducts Railway NTPC and other railway examinations giving candidates a golden opportunity to fulfill their dream of joining the prestigious Government Sector (Indian Railways) in India. RRB NTPC 2019-20 Recruitment is specially for the candidates who are having Graduate Degree from any recognised unversity. In this article, we are covering Railway RRB NTPC Exam Date, Application Status, Admit Card, Notification, Fee, Exam Pattern, Syllabus, Vacancies, Eligibility Criteria & NTPC Full Form.RRB NTPC Exam Date 2020 OutRailway Recruitment Board (RRBs) has released RRB NTPC Exam Date on September 5, 2020. RRB will conduct all railway exams like RRB NTPC, RRC Group D, and RRB Ministerial And Isolated Categories from 15th Of December 2020. A detailed exam schedule for RRB NTPC 2020 exam will be announced very soon. Railway Board had notified 140640 vacancies for different examinations before the pre COVID-19. As many as 2.40 crore candidates had applied these examinations. All candidates are advised to keep checking this page for the latest updates regarding railways exam dates.RRB NTPC Exam Date for 2020 CBT 1 ExamThe detailed exam schedule for RRB NTPC 2020 Stage I Exam has not been released by RRB yet. According to the officials, the Railway board is likely to conduct the NTPC recruitment exam in the month of December after 15. All candidates who have registered themself for this exam are egarly waiting for the exam dates of RRB NTPC.Exam NameExam DateRRB NTPC 2019 (CEN 01/2019)December 15, 2020RRB Group D Level 1 Posts- RRB CEN 01/2019December 15, 2020RRB NTPC 2019-20 Stage I exam was tentatively scheduled in last year. However, it has been postponed. The revised schedule will be published in the official websites of all RRBs shortly. We'll update this page again if we get any information regarding RRB NTPC exam. All candidates are advised to visit this page regularly to get latest updates about the RRB NTPC Exam Date for 2019-20 exam.RRB NTPC 2020 Application StatusRRB NTPC 2020 Application Status has been released on September 21, 2020. All candidates can check their application status by clicking on the link mentioned below:RRB NTPC 2020 Application Status LinkRRB NTPC 2020 NotificationRailway Board had released Official Notification for RRB NTPC Recruitment 2019-2020 exam on 28th February 2019. Through this recruitment process, RRB will recruit 35,208 vacancies for the posts of NTPC (Non-Technical Popular Categories). Candidates who have minimum Educational Qualification of 12th (+2 Stage) or its equivalent examination and looking for a government job in Indian Railway can appeared in the Railway NTPC 2020 Recruitment Exam.View Railway NTPC 2019-20 Official Notification [Download PDF]Let's have a look at the important dates for RRB NTPC 2020 Exam.EventsDatesRRB NTPC Notification Release Date28thFebruary 2019Start Date To Apply Online for RRB NTPC01stMarch 2019Last Date To Apply Online31stMarch 2019Closing Date & Time for Payment of Application Fee05.04.2019 at 23.59 hrsFinal submission of Applications12.04.2019 at 23.59 hrs.RRB NTPC Application Status21.09.2020RRB NTPC Stage-1 Admit Card4 day before the examRRB NTPC Exam DatesAfter 15th December 2020 (tentatively)RRB NTPC 2020 Admit CardRRB NTPC Exam Date and admit card for 2020 Stage I exam will be released soon. All candidates can get information regarding RRB NTPC admit card by clicking on the link mentioned below:Click Here to Download RRB NTPC 2020 Stage I Admit CardRRB NTPC 2020 Vacancies: 35,208As per the latest notice of RRB, Railway will recruit 35,208 vacancies for the posts of NTPC (Non-Technical Popular Categories) through Railway NTPC 2019-2020 Exam. Earlier, the vacancy announced for RRB NTPC 2019-2020 Exam was 35,277. Let's have a look at the post wise vacancy for Railway NTPC 2019-2020 Exam.The Vacancies for RRB NTPC Exam 2020 have been revised to 35,208, deducting the number of DLW vacancies from RRB Allahabad zone. The DLW vacancies under RRB ALLAHABAD has been cancelled. Hence, the overall vacancies for RRB Allahabad has been decreased from 4099 to 4030.A. Under Graduate Posts with Minimum Educational Qualification of 12th (+2 Stage) or its equivalent examination and Age between 18 to 30 Years as on 01.07.2019.S. No.Name of the postLevel in 7th CPCInitial pay (Rs.)Medical StandardTotal Vacancies(All RRBs)1Junior Clerk cum Typist219900C-243002Accounts Clerk cum Typist219900C-27603Junior Time Keeper219900C-2114Trains Clerk219900A-35925Commercial cum Ticket Clerk321700B-24940Grand Total10603B. Graduate Posts with Minimum Educational Qualification of a University Degree or its equivalent and Age between 18 to 33 Years as on 01.07.2019.S. No.Name of the postLevel in 7th CPCInitial pay (Rs.)Medical StandardTotal Vacancies(All RRBs)1Traffic Assistant425500A-2882Goods Guard529200A-257483Senior Commercial cum Ticket Clerk529200B-256384Senior Clerk cum Typist529200C-228545Junior Account Assistant cum Typist529200C-231476Senior Time Keeper529200C-267Commercial Apprentice635400B-22598Station Master635400A-26865Grand Total24605Click Here to View RRB NTPC Vacancy [Region Wise]RRB NTPC 2020 SalaryRRB NTPC posts are categorized into two categories, namely Graduate Posts and Undergraduate Posts. Let us now look into the name of the posts under each category and their initial pay (initial monthly RRB NTPC salary as per the 7th CPC):RRB NTPC Salary for Undergraduate PostsJunior Clerk cum Typist: Rs 19,900Accounts Clerk cum Typist: Rs 19,900Junior Time Keeper: Rs 19,900Trains Clerk: Rs 19,900Commercial cum Ticket Clerk: Rs 21,700RRB NTPC Salary for Graduate PostsTraffic Assistant: Rs 25,000Goods Guard: Rs 29,200Senior Commercial cum Ticket Clerk: Rs Rs 29,200Senior Clerk cum Typist: Rs 29,200Junior Account Assistant cum Typist: Rs 29,200Senior Time Keeper: Rs 29,200Commercial Apprentice: Rs 35,400Station Master: Rs 35,400The allowances and perks for all RRB NTPC Graduate and Undergraduate posts are entitled below:Dearness Allowance (DA)Transport Allowance (TA)House Rent Allowance (HRA)Pension SchemeMedical BenefitsCheck RRB NTPC Salary Structure, Job Profile & Job ResponsibilityRRB NTPC 2020: Fee Detailshttp://S.NoCategoryFee1For GEN/OBCRs. 500/-Out of this fee of Rs 500 an amount of Rs 400 shall be refunded duly deducting bank charges, on appearing in 1st Stage CBT.2For SC/ST/PWD/Women/Ex-Sm/Transgender/Minorities/Economically BackwardRs. 250/-This fee of Rs 250 shall be refunded duly deducting bank charges as applicable on appearing in 1 stStage CBT.RRB NTPC 2020 Recruitment Exam: SummaryName of the OrganizationRailway Recruitment BoardJob RoleNTPC ( Junior Clerk cum Typist, Accounts Clerk cum Typist, Junior Time Keeper, Trains Clerk, Commercial cum Ticket Clerk, Traffic Assistant, Goods Guard, Senior Commercial cum Ticket Clerk, Senior Clerk cum Typist, Junior Account Assistant cum Typist, Senior Time Keeper, Commercial Apprentice and Station Master)Job LocationAcross IndiaImportant Dates for RRB NTPC RecruitmentStart Date To Apply (NTPC)01stMarch 2019Last Date To Apply Online31stMarch 2019RRB NTPC Recruitment 2020: VacanciesTotal Number of Vacancy for RRB NTPC Recruitment 2020 Exam35,208RRB NTPC Recruitment 2020: Educational QualificationQualification for RRB NTPC12th (+2 Stage) / Any GraduatesAge Limit for RRB NTPC Recruitment 2020 ExamRRB Vacancy 2020 Age Limit18 to 30 Years / 18 to 33 YearsRRB NTPC 2020 Recruitment: Selection ProcessSelection for RRB NTPCPreliminary TestMain TestPersonal InterviewRRB NTPC Recruitment 2020: Application FeesFor GEN/OBCRs. 500/-For SC/ST/PWD/Women/Ex-Sm/Transgender/Minorities/Economically BackwardRs. 250/-Important Links of RRB NTPC Recruitment 2020RRB NTPC 2020 Official Notification PDFClick HereOnline Application LinkClick HereRRB NTPC Admit CardDownload LinkRRB NTPC 2020 Selection ProcessRRB NTPC 2020 Recruitment Process will be done by following steps:First Stage of CBTSecond Stage of CBTTyping Test (Skill Test) / Aptitide TestDocument VerificationMedical ExaminationRRB NTPC 2020 Exam PatternThe recruitment process shall involve 1st Stage Computer Based Test (CBT), 2nd Stage Computer Based Test (CBT), Typing Skill Test/Computer Based Aptitude Test (as applicable) and Document Verification/Medical Examination. Selection is made strictly as per merit, on the basis of above mentioned recruitment stages.Click Here to View RRB NTPC 2020 Exam PatternClick Here to View RRB NTPC 2020 SyllabusRRB NTPC 2020 Eligibility CriteriaAge Limit:The minimum age of the candidates must be 18 years and the maximum age limit is 33 years as of 1st January 2019, to be eligible for the upcoming RRB NTPC 2020 Exam.For Age Group 18-30Age groupUpper LimitLower LimitUROBC-Non Creamy LayerSC/STFor All Community or Categories18-3002.07.198902.07.198602.07.198401.07.2001Age RelaxationCategoryRelaxation in Upper LimitOBC-Non Creamy Layer (NCL)3 yearsSC/ST5 yearsEx-Servicemen (UR)30 Years plus Number of years of service rendered in Defence plus 3 yearsEx-Servicemen (OBC-Non Creamy)33 Years plus Number of years of service rendered in Defence plus 3 yearsEx-Servicemen (SC/ST)35 Years plus Number of years of service rendered in Defence plus 3 years.PwBD (UR)10 yearsPwBD (OBC-NCL)13 yearsPwBD (SC/ST)15 yearsCandidates ordinarily been domiciled in the State of Jammu & Kashmir during the period from 01.01.1980 to 31.12.1989. (UR)35 yearsCandidates ordinarily been domiciled in the State of Jammu & Kashmir during the period from 01.01.1980 to 31.12.1989. (OBC)38 yearsCandidates ordinarily been domiciled in the State of Jammu & Kashmir during the period from 01.01.1980 to 31.12.1989. (SC/ST)40 yearsCandidates who are serving Group 'C' and erstwhile Group 'D' Railway Staff, Casual Labour and Substitutes and put in minimum of 3 years service (UR)40 yearsCandidates who are serving Group 'C' and erstwhile Group 'D' Railway Staff, Casual Labour and Substitutes and put in minimum of 3 years service (OBC)43 yearsCandidates who are serving Group 'C' and erstwhile Group 'D' Railway Staff, Casual Labour and Substitutes and put in minimum of 3 years service (SC/ST)45 yearsCandidates who are working in Quasi-Administrative offices of the Railway organization (UR)30 Years plus length of service rendered or 5 years, whichever is lowerCandidates who are working in Quasi-Administrative offices of the Railway organization (OBC)33 Years plus length of service rendered or 5 years, whichever is lowerCandidates who are working in Quasi-Administrative offices of the Railway organization (SC/ST)35 Years plus length of service rendered or 5 years, whichever is lowerWomen candidates, who are widowed, divorced or judicially separated from husband but not remarried. (UR)35 yearsWomen candidates, who are widowed, divorced or judicially separated from husband but not remarried. (OBC)38 yearsWomen candidates, who are widowed, divorced or judicially separated from husband but not remarried. (SC/ST)40 yearsFor Age Group 18-33Age groupUpper LimitLower LimitUROBC-Non Creamy LayerSC/STFor All Community or Categories18-3302.07.198602.07.198302.07.198101.07.2001Age RelaxationCategoryRelaxation in Upper LimitOBC-Non Creamy Layer (NCL)3 yearsSC/ST5 yearsEx-Servicemen (UR)33 Years plus Number of years of service rendered in Defence plus 3 yearsEx-Servicemen (OBC-Non Creamy)36 Years plus Number of years of service rendered in Defence plus 3 yearsEx-Servicemen (SC/ST)38 Years plus Number of years of service rendered in Defence plus 3 years.PwBD (UR)10 yearsPwBD (OBC-NCL)13 yearsPwBD (SC/ST)15 yearsCandidates ordinarily been domiciled in the State of Jammu & Kashmir during the period from 01.01.1980 to 31.12.1989. (UR)38 yearsCandidates ordinarily been domiciled in the State of Jammu & Kashmir during the period from 01.01.1980 to 31.12.1989. (OBC)41 yearsCandidates ordinarily been domiciled in the State of Jammu & Kashmir during the period from 01.01.1980 to 31.12.1989. (SC/ST)43 yearsCandidates who are serving Group 'C' and erstwhile Group 'D' Railway Staff, Casual Labour and Substitutes and put in minimum of 3 years service (UR)40 yearsCandidates who are serving Group 'C' and erstwhile Group 'D' Railway Staff, Casual Labour and Substitutes and put in minimum of 3 years service (OBC)43 yearsCandidates who are serving Group 'C' and erstwhile Group 'D' Railway Staff, Casual Labour and Substitutes and put in minimum of 3 years service (SC/ST)45 yearsCandidates who are working in Quasi-Administrative offices of the Railway organization (UR)33 Years plus length of service rendered or 5 years, whichever is lowerCandidates who are working in Quasi-Administrative offices of the Railway organization (OBC)36 Years plus length of service rendered or 5 years, whichever is lowerCandidates who are working in Quasi-Administrative offices of the Railway organization (SC/ST)38 Years plus length of service rendered or 5 years, whichever is lowerWomen candidates, who are widowed, divorced or judicially separated from husband but not remarried. (UR)35 yearsWomen candidates, who are widowed, divorced or judicially separated from husband but not remarried. (OBC)38 yearsWomen candidates, who are widowed, divorced or judicially separated from husband but not remarried. (SC/ST)40 yearsEducational Qualification:PostsEducational QualificationCommercial Apprentice (CA)Degree from recognized university and equivalentSenior Clerk-Cum-typistDegree from recognized university and equivalentTyping proficiency in Hindi/English on computerTraffic Apprentice (TA)Degree from recognized university and equivalentEnquiry-Cum-Reservation-ClerkDegree from recognized university and equivalentAsst Station Master (ASM)Degree from recognized university and equivalentJunior Accounts Assistant Cum TypistDegree from recognized university and equivalentTyping proficiency in Hindi/English on computerGoods Guard SelectionDegree from recognized university and equivalentTraffic AssistantDegree from recognized university and equivalentSenior Time KeeperDegree from recognized university and equivalentTyping proficiency in Hindi/English on computerRRB NTPC Exam AnalysisBefore preparing to RRB NTPC 2020 exam, you need to know about the RRB NTPC previous year questions papers, exam analysis and what type of questions and topics asked in the exam. Read the mentioned below exam analysis of RRB NTPC 2015 exam which will help you to know the level of the exam. Let's have look at the previous year section-wise & topic-wise exam analysis of RRB NTPC.RRB NTPC Stage-1: General Awareness SectionGeneral Awareness section is one of the important and less time taking section an any railway exams. This section has the highest nomber of questions & marks i.e. 40. Most of the questions are asked from current affairs, General Science and then history will comprise of more than 12 questions. The detailed exam analysis of General Awareness section is given below:Topic NamesNo of QuestionsLevel of questionsHistory7ModerateGeography1EasyPolity2EasyStatic2ModerateBiology7Easy-ModerateChemistry2EasyPhysics4Easy-ModerateComputers4EasyCurrent Affairs11Easy-ModerateTotal40Easy-ModerateRRB NTPC Stage-1: Mathematics SectionThe questions were asked in a balanced form from all the topics, therefore, prepare each and every topic well. So practice well of Arithmetic & Data Interpretation. The distribution of questions & topics are given below:Name of the TopicNo of QuestionsLevel of the questionsSI/ CI2ModerateMensuration2EasyRatio & Proportion3EasyHeight & Distance2Easy-ModerateProfit/Loss3EasyGeometry2Easy-ModerateNumber System4Easy-ModerateSimplification3EasyTime and Work2Easy-ModerateStatistics1EasyTime, Speed and Distance2EasyAverage1Easy-ModerateDI (Tabular)3Easy-ModerateTotal30Easy-ModerateRRB NTPC Stage-1: General Intelligence & Reasoning SectionThe total number of questions asked in this exam is 30. The topic-wise distribution of the General Intelligence and Reasoning Section of last year exam is given below:Name of the TopicNo of QuestionsLevel of questionsCoding-Decoding4EasySentence arrangement1Easy-ModerateVenn Diagram3ModeratePuzzle (Linear)3EasyBlood Relation4ModerateStatement & Assumptions2ModerateStatement & Conclusion2Easy-ModerateSyllogism3Easy-ModerateAnalogy3EasyMathematical Operations4ModerateOdd one out1Easy-ModerateTotal30Easy-ModerateThis analysis will surely give you an appropriate idea about the RRB NTPC exam and level of questions.RRB NTPC 2020 Admit CardAdmit Card of RRB NTPC can be downloaded once the link has been activated on the official website of RRB. The admit card / hall ticket will be available zone-wise on the Regional Recruitment Boards. The admit card release date has not been announced yet. The exam date of RRB NTPC 2020 stage 1 exam is not yet announced although tentative exam date has been mentioned here which might occur in the months November 2020.How to download RRB NTPC Admit Card 2020?All candidates can download RRB NTPC Admit Card 2020 by clicking on the link mentioned below:Click Here to Download RRB NTPC Admit CardImportant Documents required At the RRB NTPC ExamThe important documents to be carried at the time of RRB NTPC 2019 exam are given below:ID Proof (with Photo)Pass Size PhotographCopy of the RRB NTPC Admit CardCandidates are not allowed to enter the examination hall without the RRB NTPC admit card.RRB NTPC 2020 Online ApplicationThe Online Registration for Railway NTPC 2019-2020 Exam has started on 1stMarch 2019. The last date to apply online for RRB NTPC 2019-2020 Exam was 31st March 2019.RRB NTPC 2020 ResultRRB NTPC Result will be available here once it has been declared by RRB at the official websites. Candidates can visit the official website and look for the respective result by filling in the log in details used at the time of registration such as registration number and password.RRB NTPC Cut-OffHere, we are providing RRB NTPC Previous Year Cut-Off. the total number of vacancies selected of stage 2 round was 18252. Let's have a loot at the region wise cut-off for RRB NTPC 2015 exam.http://S.No.ZoneGeneralOBCSCSTNo. Of Candidates ShortlistedFor 2nd Stage CBT (Approx. 15 Times)1Ahmedabad72.8664.9157.2348.1177482Ajmer77.3970.9362.1359.74163213Allahabad77.4970.4762.8547.02429724Bangalore64.9757.2830.12990885Bhopal72.966.3158.6151.16172716Bhubaneshwar71.9165.7653.0948.79115517Bilaspur68.7960.751.4950.0745308Chandigarh82.2771.4771.8746.7145679Chennai72.1469.1157.6746.841464210Gorakhpur77.4369.0156.6347.67475611Guwahati66.4457.1152.5352.91613612Jammu68.7250.8852.2738.05256513Kolkata79.571.5367.0752.922112314Malda61.8748.4243.1131.89417015Mumbai77.0570.2163.654.953401916Muzaffarpur57.9745.5730.0625687317Patna63.0353.5738.5526.691071018Ranchi63.7557.2945.4848.58843119Secunderabad77.7272.8763.7359.132427120Siliguri67.5256.2654.3145.9418521Thiruvananthapuram79.7575.156.1436.457321RRB NTPC 2020 (Sarkari Result)- FAQsQ1. When will the RRB NTPC 2020 CBT Stage 1 exam be conducted?The Stage I Computer Based Test for RRB NTPC 2020 exam is tentatively scheduled in the month of December 2020.Q2. What is RRB NTPC?The RRB NTPC is a competitive exam for the non-technical posts conducted by Railway Recruitment Board (RRBs). The full form of NTPC is Non-Technical Popular Categories.Q3. Do we have any option to select which exam date we want to appear for exam in?No. RRBs assign the exam date to all candidates. There is no facility for slot booking in RRB NTPC 2019.Q4. When can I download the e-call letter for RRB NTPC exam?You can download your e-call letter 4 days before exam of RRB NTPC.Q5. What are the minimum educational qualifications required for NTPC 2019-20?The educational qualification is mentioned in the official notification against each post. Kindly visit the same to get an accurate update.Q6. What is the selection process of RRB NTPC 2019-20?The selection process of RRB NTPC 2019-20 includes the following 4 stages: 1st Stage Computer Based Test (CBT), 2nd Stage Computer Based Test (CBT), Typing Skill Test/Computer Based Aptitude Test (as applicable) & Document Verification/Medical Examination.Q7. Does RRB have negative marking in CBT stage 1 and 2?Yes, RRB will follow negative marking for an incorrect answer in CBTs. 1/3rd of the marks will be deducted for every mistake or wrong answer.Q8. Will there be normalization of marks?Yes, RRB will follow normalization at all stages of RRB NTPC exam.Follow sscadda.com, For More Details & Free Study MaterialsCheck Latest Govt. Jobs in 2020IBPS Clerk 2020 Notification OutRRB NTPC Application Status OutSBI SO 2020 Notification OutCurrent Affairs 2020: Check HereGot any product related queries? 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Forget US. India cannot compete with cheen.3 Reasons India Isn’t the ‘Next China’Can India turbocharge its economic growth, even surpass China? Wharton’s Dean Geoffrey Garrett has two reasons the answer could be yes, one for maybe.Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modiby Geoffrey GarrettDecember 3, 2015ECONOMICSSHARE:I was in Delhi and Mumbai in October to meet with great Wharton alumni in India. After spending quite a bit of time in Beijing around the launch of the Penn Wharton China Center, I had been thinking about the economic trajectories of the world’s two most populous countries.The bulls say India is “the next China,” a country of more than a billion people with the potential of growing at 10 percent a year for a long period. Odds are they are right—if not today, then within a decade or so. But even if India is the next China in terms of growth, India is a very different country than China on three fundamental dimensions.1. India has demography on its side, whereas China faces serious demographic demons.China is going to be the first country in history to be old before it’s rich. Its population will peak just below 1.5 billion in the next decade and then slowly shrink to about 1.3 billion people by mid-century. By 2050, China’s “dependency ratio”—that is, “dependents” (children and the aged) relative to people of working age—will double from 35 percent to 70 percent (the lasting effect of China’s one-child policy). This will put massive strains on the country’s nascent welfare state and struggling health system.Demography isn’t destiny, but having a growing population with lots of working-age people is a great place to start.On this critical dimension, India is in much stronger shape than China. By 2050, India will be the world’s largest country in terms of population by a wide margin over China, with a mind-boggling 1.7 billion people—400 million more than today. Over the next 35 years, its dependency ratio will actually decline from a bit over 50 percent today to a bit under 50 percent in 2050. Indians will live longer, so the aged population will grow considerably. With more affluence, India’s birth rate will come down too. But Indian fertility will remain high by all but African standards, and this will be a great foundational resource for the economy.While a massive working-age population gives India the chance to become the world’s next growth titan, the country will have to work hard to translate its demographic windfall into much higher standards of living for average Indians. Economic productivity is the key.2. China has been built on infrastructure, investment and manufacturing; India has barely scratched the surface on all three.India began its economic reform in the early 1990s, more than a decade after China. But in the last-quarter century, China has accelerated its economy, while India’s has weakened comparatively. Why?Chinese growth has been driven by some of the world’s highest investment rates. This has in turn made possible both an infrastructure revolution of new cities, high-speed rail lines, airports and ports, and manufacturing muscle that has been the envy of the world. China has been the world’s factory for 20 years. Its ability to quickly and efficiently move what it produces domestically and around the world has been a critical component in its growth miracle.Today, India lags far behind China on all three fronts. India invests about 30 percent of its GDP, compared with about 50 percent in China. Manufacturing is about 20 percent of the Indian economy; it is about 30 percent of China’s. China has arguably the best physical infrastructure outside the Western world. India’s looks more like the poor country that it still is.But this is a real opportunity for India. Increase investment. Improve infrastructure. Grow economic output. This is a tried-and-true path to growth, and it is one India is poised to follow.Consider India’s vaunted tech sector. We all know about the incredible Indian talent running some of America’s tech icons. Google’s new CEO Sundar Pichai WG02, for example, did his undergraduate degree in India before coming to the U.S. for a Stanford master’s and a Wharton MBA. Likewise, Microsoft CEO Satya Nadella received his undergraduate degree in India and followed up with diplomas from U.S. graduate schools. These and so many other Indian-American tech sector executives are testament to the power of the immigration-innovation nexus in the U.S.Don’t let these rock star CEOs fool anyone into thinking the only way for Indian technologists to succeed is to work in the U.S. for American firms. Home grown, and still home centered, companies like Tata Consultancy Services (TCS), Infosys and Wipro are real world leaders when it comes to information technology. And Indian entrepreneurs are killing it today in startups. I am so proud of Wharton alums who are leading the charge in their home country, people like Punit Soni WG07 at FlipKart and Kunal Bahl ENG06 W06 at SnapDeal.The growth of Indian tech has been fueled by large-scale private-sector investment, from both India and abroad. These companies needed infrastructure to thrive, but the infrastructure was digital, not physical—allowing Indian IT firms to beam information and analysis from India to the world and back long before anyone was talking about “the cloud.” They didn’t need to ship widgets because their products were all in bits.About a decade ago, some optimists thought India could leapfrog over the manufacturing and physical infrastructure stage of development (widgets) to build the whole economy around digital (bits). Today, it is clear that, while India’s tech sector is fantastic and growing, the whole, massive country will have to develop the old-fashioned way with better infrastructure and more manufacturing.What will determine whether India can become a bit more Chinese when it comes to infrastructure and manufacturing? Unlike China, the answer will not be government investment because the Indian state is hamstrung by endemic budget deficits of big subsidies and limited taxation. The good news for India is that the private sector is ready to step in. But it seems that the private sector won’t act until it is more confident about politics.3. Indian democracy is beyond vibrant, whereas China remains a one party stateI find Indians such delightful people to be around, and not only because so many of them share my love of cricket. Indians also love politics. To say Indian democracy is vibrant is an understatement. That is a wonderful thing when it comes to passion for public debate and participation in public discourse. But it creates challenges when it comes to the types of economic reform that the Chinese state simply does not encounter.When the Chinese government wants to build a high-speed rail line, they just acquire the land and move and compensate the adversely affected people. There is often pushback, but it seems rarely enough to stop a major project going forward. Think the Three Gorges Dam, the world’s biggest hydroelectric power generator.In India, a regular ironic complaint is “too much democracy.” Expanding and improving the national rail system would certainly be in the national interest. But the state-owned Indian Railways seems to want to defend the status quo, or at least take a long time to make and implement decisions. Raising government revenues to pay for major infrastructure improvements seems to be in the politically “too hard” box. And that is even before the battles are fought, one Indian state at a time, regarding acquiring land for new infrastructure politics.The new Indian government of Narendra Modi is committed to changing all of this. The prime minister has made infrastructure a top priority. He wants to raise revenue through a GST (goods and services tax) that would be hard to evade. He wants to reduce the sand that Indian federalism currently throws into the wheels of Indian economic development. He even wants to loosen up Indian industrial relations.But the early returns on PM Modi are that his great plans and powerful rhetoric are yet to translate into real change on the ground. One reason is that the government does not control the upper house of India’s Parliament. The upper house doesn’t have so much decision power, but it can slow down, if not block, government proposals. That is why Modi is spending so much time focused on upcoming state elections. There is a chance his BJP and its governing National Democratic Alliance coalition will do well enough to gain effective control of the national upper house. If that happens, Modi’s chances of enacting real economic reform will increase significantly.There is nowhere India is more different from China than the world of politics. But this doesn’t mean that India won’t go on a growth charge the way China has. The raw material India has to work with is so rich. The challenge now is to catalyze it.Editor’s note: The original version of this article appeared on LinkedIn on Oct. 28, 2015.TAGS:China Geoffrey Garrett India International Penn Wharton China Center Wharton Alumni Wharton DeanDownload the Latest IssueDOWNLOAD PDFEXPLORE MORE:BLOG NETWORK/ECONOMICSOctober 22, 2015Two Observations on East Asia ChallengesHow will East Asia respond to challenges like slower Chinese growth and higher U.S. interest rates? Hopefully with more economic cooperation.BLOG NETWORK/ECONOMICSMarch 01, 2017What’s Good for U.S. Trade May Not be Good for U.S. JobsDean Geoffrey Garrett examines three iconic American companies to argue why Trump's trade policy won't lead to more production or employment.BLOG NETWORK/INTERNATIONALFebruary 04, 2016What to Worry About With ChinaWharton's dean makes the case that the recent stock market troubles in China shouldn’t be what we worry about.BLOG NETWORK/INTERNATIONALSeptember 17, 2015China’s E-Commerce Key to Soft Landing?Wharton’s dean makes the case for why China's future is in the hands of its consumers and e-commerce, and the tech and retail companies looking to profit.Footnotes:2019-2020 Wharton Alumni Magazine. All rights reserved. Privacy PolicyFollow Wharton MagazineStay connected with the alumni community