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The two primary reasons for this has been: Pilot Skills and the upgraded Mig-21 itself.It has been always acknowledged that its not always the machine but also the man behind the machine that matters in such engagements. Indian Air Force has always acknowledged the paramount threat of the F-16s procured by Pakistan Air Force. This led Indian Air Force to procure a variety of aircraft like Mirage 2000 and MIG-23 to counter the threat of these Single-Engined Fighters which would most likely be the tip of the spear for Pakistanis in the next Aerial Conflict.IAF Mig-21 “Bison” and Mig-29UPG “Baaz” during a FlypastThis has led to many Indian Fighter Pilots and Strategists brainstorming on these contingency plans to take out PAF F-16 in the next conflict. And make no mistake, Indian Air Force had got ample resources and time to verify if their Contingency Plans actually worked. IAF participated with the United States Air Force in a Bilateral Joint Exercise named Cope India 2004 where both the airforces fielded their Mig-21 “Bison” and F-15E respectively.And IAF’s Mig-21, aided by SU-30Ks, recorded a kill-ratio of 9:1 against USAF Pilots. A Kill-Ratio of 9:1 against a Fighter Jet which has never lost in Aerial Combat!Though both sides were limited due to technical factors like the non-usage of more AESA Radars and Beyond Visual Range Capabilities, the nimble Mig-21 (which was planned to be retired a decade ago) got an upper hand over the much more advanced F-15E in Aerial Combat. USAF Colonel Greg Newbech commented:“What we’ve seen in the last two weeks is the IAF can stand toe-to-toe with the best air force in the world. I pity the pilot who has to face the IAF and chances the day to underestimate him; because he won’t be going home. They made good decisions about when to bring their strikers in. The MiG-21s would be embedded with a (MiG-27) Flogger for integral protection. There was a data link between the Flankers that was used to pass information. They built a very good (radar) picture of what we were doing and were able to make good decisions about when to roll (their aircraft) in and out.”Vayushakti Infographic of Mig-21 BisonIndian Air Force has likewise evaluated the F-16 inside out during the botched MMRCA Competition and also taken part in many Joint Exercises with countries who operate the F-16 Fighter Jet and possess valuable experience on their capabilities and limitations. This has allowed Indian Pilots, especially the Bison Pilots who form the Interceptor Edge of Indian Air Force and will most likely face off F-16 in first phases of conflict, to be able to develop tactics and strategies against Pakistani F-16.Next, let's come back to the machine itself. To start with, Mig-21 is an aircraft that should have been retired decades ago and we are burdening ourselves with it due to bureaucracy, our home-grown failure to deliver our targets on time and the Air Force’s over expectations with the LCA Programme which has recently diluted after the Tejas got a Final Operational Clearance.But make no mistake, Mig-21 is still a tough fighter which can go toe-in-toe with many of the other aircraft in service with our adversary. Mig-21 Bison upgrade holds has a Phazotron-NfIR Kopyo Multimode Radar, Helmet-Mounted Displays which allows Pilots to just look at their targets to guide them and fire (NOTE: PAF JF-17s still lack these HMDs), EL-OP Head-Up Display, URAL InfraRed Search and Track, Tarang Radar Warning Receiver, EL/L 8222 Jamming Pods, R-77 Beyond Visual and R-73 Within Visual Range Missiles and the Anti-Radar Paints developed by DRDO which gives Stealth Characteristics to the Fighter Jets.Mistaking the Bison to be the same as the half-a-decade older variants of the same aircraft would be a grave mistake. Though the Mig-21 are slated to be retired by next decade and only the “Bison” Variants are currently in service, they still pack a punch as a Mach 2 Platform capable to fire Beyond Visual Range Weapons. During the 2008 Red Flag between IAF and USAF, it was noted by Colonel Fornof that Mig-21 with their Supersonic Speed and Jammers were likely “invisible” to them in combat.F-16 Engine Debris being inspected by a Pakistani 7 Northern Light Infantry OfficerThis has led to Indian Air Force’s Mig-21 to become the first to shoot down an F-16 in an Aerial Combat after a 51 Squadron “Swords Arm” Mig-21 “Bison” managed to shoot down an F-16D of 19 Squadron “Sherdils” which was piloted by Wing Commander, Shahzaz Ud Din who happens to be the son of Air Marshal Waseem Ud Din, Deputy Chief of Air Staff (Operations). The Rules of Engagement, Support Assets with Mig-21 and the Pilot Skills just made the day for Wing Commander Abhinandan.Speaks well of our capabilities and pilot skills after all!References:Cope India: when India’s Russian jets achieved a surprising 9:1 kill ratio against U.S. F-15s10 Years Ago, An Aging Indian Air Force Bested US F-15s In An Exercise Named Cope India.India Says Its MiG-21 Just Scored World's 1st F-16 KillThe MiG-21 Bison Upgrade Programme

What can go wrong:(mistaken assumptions, unforeseen circumstances, poor or erroneous planning, unanticipated engineering issues)Titanic did not have enough lifeboats, and there was not an effective system in place to communicate and coordinate a sea rescue for the new generation of early 1900’s ocean liners featuring new designs which had rapidly grown in size year to year.The final launch of the Space Shuttle Challenger on January 28, 1986 was attempted on the coldest Shuttle launch day weather to date, about 29 degrees Fahrenheit. Despite concerns shared by a few engineers at NASA, and more so orbiter builder Rockwell International and solid rocket booster manufacturer Morton Thiokol about the performance and integrity of a few key components in freezing weather, including the O-ring seals on the boosters, the launch continued. An O-ring failed, releasing hot gases against the center fuel tank, resulting in its impingement and explosion,and the subsequent separation of the Shuttle system 73 seconds into flight with the death of the seven astronaut crew.Speaking of space, the original manned Apollo capsule designed by NASA had two major flaws that would prove fatal when an electrical short ignited an in-capsule fire during the Apollo 1 test- a pure oxygen capsule environment, and an inward opening door that could not rapidly open in an emergency. Veteran astronauts Gus Grissom and Ed White, and new corps member Roger Chaffee were enclosed in the command module capsule performing instrument trials on January 27, 1967 when an electrical short somewhere in the miles of wiring sparked a fire. In any case, this would be a life threatening emergency, however, the oxygen rich environment only magnified the fire spread through ignitable materials in the capsule. Technicians on the pad worked feverishly to get the door open, however, it took over a minute to do so and by then, the crew had asphyxiated. Ironically, NASA once put explosive emergency door releases on capsules, however, Gus Grissom almost drowned when the door on his Mercury capsule inadvertently blew on water landing.and how to plan for future incidents and manage them:The two complimentary systems at the core of American emergency planning and management, National Incident Management System (NIMS) and Incident Command System (ICS), arose from practices developed at cross-jurisdictional, multi-agency operations at massive California wildfires in the 1970’s. ICS and NIMS are the standard practices used by FEMA (Federal Emergency Management Agency), and FEMA requires the use of ICS and NIMS procedures at all incidents in which it participates. Because of that, most States and jurisdictions eventually developed emergency management and operations procedures that are taken directly from, or are compliant with, NIMS and ICS. Related to this is NFIRS (National Fire Incident Reporting System) used by many jurisdictions, which, while not a perfect nor complete body of information, aims to standardize the after-incident reporting and recording of fires and other incidents by using a common body of forms and classification codes.ICS: http://training.fema.gov/EMIWeb/IS/ICSResource/assets/reviewMaterials.pdfNIMS: http://www.fema.gov/pdf/emergency/nims/NIMSFactSheet.pdfNFIRS: About the National Fire Incident Reporting System

Thanks for the A2A.The Seventh Central Pay Commission has been constituted by the Government on 28 February 2014 to examine various issues relating to emoluments’ structure, retirement benefits and other service conditions of Central Government employees and to make recommendations on the changes required.For facilitating the above task as mandated by the Commission’s terms of reference a questionnaire has been designed to seek the considered views of all stakeholders. The questionnaire seeks responses on 42 queries grouped under 15 topics.The questionnaire can be found here: 7th Pay Commission Questionnaire - Ratio of Minimum & Maximum Salary, Grade Pay Suggestion, Increment Date, Determination of HRA and NPS...The commission has sent the questionnaire along with a circular to all the Ministries/Departments of Indian Government, inviting their suggestions. The circular was also sent to all the Central Government employee federations(AIRF, NFIR, NFPE).The report of the commission shall provide suitable answers to these 42 queries and thus affect the pay bands and the grade pay.The commission is expected to submit its report by 1 September 2015. And by the looks of it, it seems that the report could be submitted well withinn the given time frame of 18 months.Expectations:Even though nothing about the increments in salaries can be said right now, Based on all the changes right from the 1st CPC, until the 6th CPC, many websites and blogs predicted pay structures.Since the basic pay of an ordinary employee has evolved from 260->950->3050->7730, the next change is expected to increase the salary by 2.5 to 3 times.Expecting an optimistic 3 times growth, it could be 22500 next.More than the hike, everybody is hoping that the Grade Pay would be in proper series.And, everybody wants and hopes for a recommendation that prescribes a uniform Multiplication Factor (6th CPC 1.86) to all categories of employees.So the following can be expected: