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I think there are 4 main reasons. I’m going to start with crime. When I was a kid in the 1960s, lots of people had guns, but it was for deer hunting and other manly pursuits. The TV show Michigan Outdoors, the best show of its kind I’ve seen, focused on the role of hunting and fishing in conservation, that it was part of human obligation to maintain a healthy land, and that enjoying this obligation was a right of passage as a man. If you lived in or around Detroit, you could drive out to hunt on the weekend. Someone had a cabin or a house ‘out-state’ or ‘up north’.Then came the 70’s. Violence exploded. It had grown scary by the late 60’s but the fear inherent in the ‘white flight’ to the suburbs then was motivated by fear of property values declining. Detroit, in particular, was an owners’ market, meaning the highest percentage of home ownership (because the auto industry made money), so black people moving in was a sign the neighborhood was becoming poorer, and the homeowners rushed to cash out before their homes lost value. There was a rise in crime, but it felt more like increased apprehension because so much negative change was occurring.In the 1970s, if you lived in the city, it became dangerous to walk from your car to your house. Even if you parked in your driveway next to your house. I’m not talking about ‘dangerous for white people’: it was dangerous, and that meant all of my grandmother’ black neighbors had guard dogs security gates, and most were armed.As an aside, the most common felony charge in the mid-70s Detroit Recorder’s Court - the city criminal court, separate from Wayne County - was possession of a gun in a car. Because any stop the police made, odds were there was a gun in the car. I think second was robbery, armed.People suddenly needed protection from crime in a new way. By the early 80s, we saw the rise of the next generation drug rings, and they were so violent they made the old guys look like saints. In the mid-70s, the heroin trade was run in a fairly traditional manner (even with the main leaders in Jackson Prison). It was violent, and the addicts they fed were one of the drivers of violent property crime, but it wasnt cartoon violent. Then you had gangs that connected to the heroin trade by different routes: like they switched to heroin connected to gangs from Mexico, which ran more Chicago-LA or some other Western route. And they used cartoon violent methods like you see in Mexico today. Young Boys Inc. was a drug group which had juvenile gunmen, often mid-teens, who actually would spray fire at each other using the semi-automatic version of the Mac-10 (submachinegun), which was that era’s ‘cool looking’ pretend military weapon and also reminded people of the Thompsons used by gangsters during Prohibition. Drive-by shootings occurred so often, they werent reported. I know that shootings at and around the high schools was almost never reported, but I sometimes saw the incident reports in lists: many were shootings at police cars parked nearby. If that sounds ridiculous, when Debbie was subbing as a teacher in the city during that time, the teachers would gather at the end of the day at a single door to be escorted together by the principal who was carrying a shotgun. (In Brooklyn, when I went to visit a friend in med school, her landlord stood in the doorway holding a rifle to protect his tenants coming back at shift changes.)The year I moved, the paper ran a piece detailing the 100 underage boys shot over the last 6 months. Nearly all were shot while robbing homes (or garages, especially in the alleys).What terrified the most were the violent car-jackings. Drive-by shootings could be mentally discarded by the ‘white’ population because it was black kids shooting at black kids, but commuters were pulled out of their cars, sometimes murdered, even in the traditionally nice areas like on 7 Mile Road. It doesnt take many of those to scare people.And then crime came to the suburbs, driven by the price of gold. Again, it became almost cartoonish: homes broken into all over by heavily armed gangs, not a single addict trying to raise money, but multiple armed men. And they were looking for gold. There were vans in which gold was melted. (The belief then was to make it untraceable, not as the final rendering.)Here’s the difference in a nutshell: when I was a kid, the back patio doors might stay open all night. When central air came in, that changed and the glass doors closed, but they might not be locked. I came home during the gold robbery nightmare to find the house alarmed to the point where I could not walk down the steps at night without disarming them first. Irrational fear? No, we knew people who had been injured. I knew the family of a man killed in his house. The police came to our house and warned us what to look for, and to reassure that they were on it.That modern fear of crime changed how many Americans saw weapons: not as a sporting thing that you undertook as a right of passage but as a necessary means for defending your family.This modern fear connected to other fears. The anti-government fear developed in the 1960s into the 1970s and it was centered in Detroit because that is where ‘cross-district busing’ was ordered by the federal court: 58 suburban school districts were ordered to participate in a busing mandate to fix Detroit, even though they had not been part of the court case that found discrimination in Detroit schools. The reaction in the working class and middle class suburbs was: you are taking our control of our children’s lives, forcing us to do what you want because you think maybe that will help some other people, like we dont have any problems of our own. That is why the Michigan Militia formed.Now, if you go back to my childhood in a different path, you see very clearly that in the South guns were part of the racial control methods of Jim Crow. There is a long history of guns being connected to racial oppression in the South, going back to the ‘patrollers’ as a militia in slavery and what is, in essence, their recognition in the 2ndA.So, from the 2ndA, you have different branches, one taking the Southern route through racial oppression of slaves and then ‘free’ black people, another through the other traditions of manhood, independence, and the relationship of Americans to the land (which is not only a Native American thing). These joined together around 1970 in a modern fear of crime and a modern fear of government.

In his life, Clint Eastwood has been many things- an actor, a director, a Mayor, dabbling in Jazz and a fitness evangelist. But the impact Eastwood had on me personally, as a movie fan, was beyond what he did. It was something more, there are actors you like, actors you admire, and then there are actors well who just go beyond admiration. You can’t exactly describe the feeling, but these actors, can pull you into a movie, just on the basis of their name, and make you sit through it all.My adoration or fan boy love or whatever term you choose to give it, for Clint Eastwood, started off right as a kid. For most of us kids, he was “The Man”, but more than anything else, he was the one who defined “cool” , in fact would say, he was the perfect epitome of the “Uber Cool” man. I could never imagine Clint Eastwood being Moses or William Wallace, the larger than life figures exhorting their followers. I could never imagine him being a Hamlet or Othello, reciting the long monologues, showing the intense angst needed. Nor could i imagine him doing an impassioned court room speech a la Gregory Peck in To Kill a Mockingbird. But he was the man i aspired to be, or at least fantasized about. The lone man, all by himself, silent, drifting about, and coolly shooting down the bad guys. My first movie of Clint Eastwood was not the Good,The Bad and the Ugly, it was the 60′s WWII pulp adventure movie, Where Eagles Dare, to date one of my favorites. Richard Burton had the more dramatic parts, but it was Clint Eastwood who took all the seetis and taalis from the audience, yours truly included. Gunning down scores of Nazis, without batting a single eyelid, remorselessly, rigging up the entire castle with explosives, and all the while, appearing so calm and unruffled. And the best scene of all, a Nazi guard asks him for his ID, he coolly picks up the gun from the brief case, and shots him. Clint Eastwood became a byword, a synonym for “Cool”, and then later on caught The Good, the Bad and the Ugly. Again while Eli Wallach, had the more author backed role as Tuco “The Ugly” and in fact the best line in the movie(“When you shoot, shoot, don’t talk”), Clint again made an impact, in spite of the fact that he speaks very little. Cigar in mouth, the rough stubble, the scarf, the hat, he manages to convey everything just through a glance, or look. No better example than in the climax, when Eli Wallach cries out to be released, he turns back, just a glance, raises his gun, and for an eternity, just looks, pushing up the tension, and then..Clint Eastwood was unlike most of the other Western characters played by John Wayne, Henry Fonda, Burt Lancaster, more of a taciturn lone ranger, a man all by himself, not really caring for concepts like honor or duty, and if he is in the action, it is either for personal revenge or his own personal benefit. Interestingly in both The Good, The Bad and The Ugly, and For a Few Dollars More( have not seen A Fistful of Dollars), Eastwood is more of the supporting character. In the The Good, The Bad and The Ugly it is Eli Wallach who is obsessed with finding the money, Eastwood’s character is more of a reluctant bystander, dragged into it, he is otherwise quite happy bounty hunting, sharing the spoils. Again in For a Few Dollars More, the story revolves more around Lee Van Cleef, and his quest for revenge, with Eastwood again doing the support act, the man in the background, helping Van Cleef, seek his revenge.However to me the best of the post-Dollars trilogy for me was The Outlaw Josey Wales, a highly under rated Western, IMO, and one of Clint’s best directorial efforts. Clint again retains most of the elements of the Sphagetti Westerns, that had made him famous, the long shots, the silences, the crisp dialogue, to come up with a classic. Eastwood again reprising his loner on a revenge mission persona, this time his target being a group of Jayhawkers who have raped, killed his wife and burnt down his farm. This i guess was one of the few Westerns of that time, which showed native Indians in a positive light, and i feel in a way, this movie laid down the path for more revisionist Westerns like Dances with Wolves and Unforgiven later on.For some one who started out doing mostly Westerns, and who shot to stardom in that genre, Clint Eastwood as a director has made movies in almost every genre. From War( Letters of Iwo Jima, Flags of our Fathers) to romance dramas(Bridges of Madison County) to sports dramas(Invictus, Million Dollar Baby) to dark, character based mysteries( Mystic River) to biopics( Bird, J.Edgar) he has just explored every theme and genre. Add to it, has directed great Westerns like Unforgiven, Outlaw Josey Wales, High Plains Drifter and Pale Rider.What do you say of some one who goes and parodies the same gun slinger image, that made him a star? This is what Clint Eastwood does in Unforgiven, where he turns the Western on it's head, mocks at his own gunslinger image. His double bill feature on Iwo Jima, Flags of our Fathers and Letters from Iwo Jima, remains one of my favorite WWII movies to date. Flags of our Fathers, goes beyond the standard chest thumping and shows how the US Govt cynically exploited the flag raising event on Iwo Jima for it's own purpose, while Letters from Iwo Jima, is one of the few Hollywood WWII movies that gives a perspective of the "enemy" or the other side. The ending of Letters from Iwo Jima remains one of the most haunting ever. Invictus to me remains one of the best sports dramas ever, with it's take on post apartheid South Africa.One feature I do find in most Clint Eastwood directed movies, is the characters and the interplay between them. All of the movies directed by them have a strong human angle, and he is pretty good at depicting the relationships between them. Be it the bonding between the convict(Kevin Costner) and the kid he kidnaps in A Perfect World, or the interplay between the childhood friends in Mystic River, one of whom holds a dark secret, or the mature romance between him and Meryl Streep in Bridges of Madison County or the mentor-student relationship in Million Dollar Baby or the way sullen Walt Kowalski develops a bonding with the Hmong kids in Gran Torino, Eastwood is pretty good at this. And this is the best thing I love about his movies, the characters he creates and the way he shapes the relationships between them.Eastwood has had his own share of atrocious movies( Rookie, Firefox), but the great movies he has directed far exceeds them. He is not a visual wizard like Ridley Scott or Christopher Nolan, nor are his movies as quirky as those of Tarantino, nor would you find the mind bending narration of a Lynch movie. Clint Eastwood's direction is more old school Hollywood, pick up a solid story, create memorable characters, flesh out the drama and the interplay, his narration too is more straightforward. And it is to his credit, that for all his old school style, he still manages to keep churning out one great movie after another, well into his 80s.

This answer may contain sensitive images. Click on an image to unblur it.According to the National Center for Missing and Exploited Children (citing U.S.Department of Justice reports), nearly 800,000 children are reported missing each year. That's more than 2,000 a day. The NCMEC says 203,000 children arekidnapped each year by family members.Between 2002 and 2004, three young women, Michelle Knight, Amanda Berry and Georgina "Gina" DeJesus, were kidnapped by Ariel Castro in his home in the Tremont neighborhood of Cleveland, Ohio. They were subsequently imprisoned in his house on Seymour Avenue until May 6, 2013, when Berry escaped with her six-year-old daughter and contacted the policeKnight and DeJesus were rescued by responding officers and Castro was arrested within hours.On May 8, 2013, Castro was charged with four counts of kidnapping and three counts of rape.Castro pleaded guilty to 937 criminal counts of rape, kidnapping, and aggravated murder as part of a plea bargain. He was sentenced to life plus 1,000 years in prison without the chance of parole.One month into his sentence, Castro committed suicide by hanging himself with bedsheets in his prison cellNotable cases[edit]DateVictim(s)Abductor(s)LocationAge of victim(s)OutcomeNotes1758Mary JemisonSenecawarriorsAdams County, Pennsylvania, US12Stayed with abductorsJemison, a Caucasian child, was taken from her family by Seneca warriors. The only one not massacred in her family, Jemison was adopted into the Seneca tribe and lived the remainder of her life with them.[10]May 19, 1836Cynthia Ann ParkerComanchesFort Parker,Texas, US9Stayed with abductorsParker, a Caucasian child, was taken from her family by Comanches raiding their home in Fort Parker, Texas. She lived for 24 years among the Comanche and married a war chief, Peta Nocona. She gave birth to three children, including the last war chief of the Comanche, Quanah Parker.[11]March 16, 1860Larcena Penningtonand Mercedes Sais QuirozApachesCanoa Ranch,Arizona, US23 (Pennington)10 (Quiroz)Released (Pennington)Released/rescued (Quiroz)Pennington and her student Mercedes Sais Quiroz were abducted by Apaches. Later on in the day Pennington was left for dead in the wilderness. Quiroz was freed in exchange for Apache prisoners.[12]July 1, 1874Charley RossBill Mosher and Joe DouglasGermantown,Pennsylvania, US4UnknownCharley Ross was the first American to be kidnapped for ransom that received wide public attention. The primary suspects were killed before they could be identified as the kidnappers and Ross was never found.[13]April 8, 1911Elsie ParoubekUnknownChicago, Illinois, US5MurderedParoubek was a Czech-American girl who disappeared while walking alone to her aunt's house (around the corner from where Elsie lived) in Chicago. Her body was found a month later in a drainage ditch. Several people, including Elsie's father and the police in charge of the investigation, believed gypsies (who had several camps in the area at the time) were involved.[14]August 23, 1912Bobby DunbarUnknownSt. Landry Parish, Louisiana, US4UnknownBobby Dunbar was a child who disappeared near Swayze Lake. After an eight-month nationwide search, investigators found a child, claimed by Bobby's parents as their son, in the hands of William Cantwell Walters of Mississippi, who was convicted of kidnapping. In 2004, further investigation by Dunbar's granddaughter led to conclusive DNA proof that the child in Walters' custody was not the Dunbars' son and that the Walters had been wrongfully convicted.[15]December 15, 1927Marion ParkerWilliam HickmanLos Angeles12MurderedParker, the daughter of a Los Angeles banker, was kidnapped and killed by William Hickman. A few days after being paid a small ransom, Hickman was arrested and tried. On 19 October 1928, Hickman was executed for his crime.[16]March 1, 1932Charles Augustus Lindbergh, Jr.Bruno Richard HauptmannEast Amwell Township, New Jersey, US1MurderedCharles was the son of famous American aviator, Charles Lindbergh. Dubbed "The Crime of the Century", on 1 March, the child was 20 months old when he was taken from his crib in his home. After a ransom negotiations were unsuccessful, the child's remains were found by a passing truck driver on 12 May. Hauptmann was convicted of the crime on 13 February 1935, and was sentenced to death, and was electrocuted on 3 April 1936. Congress passed the "Lindbergh Law", formally known as "The Federal Kidnapping Act of 1932", on 13 June 1932. The law was created to allow federal authorities step in and pursue kidnappers once they had crossed state lines with their victim.May 15, 1930Mary Agnes MoroneyUnknownChicago, Illinois, US2UnknownMoroney was taken from her home by a woman who identified herself as "Julia Otis" and claimed to have been sent by a social worker. Her kidnapping is the oldest unsolved case of this nature in the files of theChicago Missing Persons Bureau.[17]May 27, 1933Mary McElroyGeorge McGee, Walter McGee, Clarence Click, and Clarence StevensKansas City, Missouri, US25ReleasedMcElroy, the daughter of City Manager Henry McElroy of Kansas City, was kidnapped and held for ransom. She was released unharmed after the ransom was paid and the four kidnappers were later apprehended and given life sentences.[18]November 9, 1933Brooke HartThomas Harold Thurmond and John M. HolmesSan Jose, California, US22MurderedHart, the son of a San Jose, California businessman, was kidnapped and murdered thereafter. His kidnappers were lynched by a mob.[19]April 25, 1934June RoblesUnknownTucson, Arizona, US6Released/rescuedRobles was abducted and held for ransom. After negotiations between her parents and her captors, Robles was found unharmed on a highway after nineteen days in captivity. Only one arrest was made in connection with her abduction.[20]December 27, 1936Charles MattsonUnknownTacoma, Washington, US10MurderedMattson was abducted from his home and held for $28,000. He was found dead in January, 1937.[21]September 28, 1953Robert "Bobby" Cosgrove Greenlease, Jr.Bonnie Heady and Carl A. HallKansas City, Missouri, US6MurderedGreenlease was kidnapped and immediately murdered. The murderers demanded and were paid a $600,000 ransom by the boy's father, a wealthy automobile dealer. Notable in the case was that more than half of the ransom money was stolen by a corrupt police officer and never recovered.[22]July 4, 1956Peter WeinbergerAngelo LaMarcaWestbury, New York, US1 monthReleased/diedLaMarca took the baby from his home for a $2,000 ransom. LaMarca told investigators he went to the first drop site the day after the kidnapping – with the baby in the car – but he was scared away by all of the press and police in the area.[23]He drove away, abandoned the baby alive in some heavy brush just off a highway exit, and went home. A search of the area by Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) agents andNassau County Police Department ensued. An FBI agent spotted a diaper pin – then the decomposed remains of Peter Weinberger. The Weinberger case also resulted in new legislation – signed by PresidentDwight D. Eisenhower – which reduced the FBI's waiting period in kidnapping cases from 7 days to 24 hours. LaMarca was executed in the electric chair on 7 August 1958.December 4, 1972Steven StaynerKenneth Parnell and Ervin Edward MurphyMerced, California, US7EscapedStayner was kidnapped on his way home from school. He was raised as Parnell's son for 7 years until Parnell abducted another child, Timmy White, in 1980. The two boys escaped on March 1, 1980.[24][25]January 16, 1973Anna Christian WatersUnknownHalf Moon Bay, California, US5UnknownWaters disappeared from her backyard; presumed abducted by her father but never found.[26]February 4, 1974Patty HearstSymbionese Liberation ArmyBerkeley, California, US19Stayed with abductors until arrestedHearst, an heiress to the Hearst Corporation mass media fortune, was kidnapped from her apartment by a left-wing guerilla group. She announced her allegiance to the group in April 1974, and on April 15, 1974 took part in a bank robbery. She is thought to have been a victim of Stockholm Syndrome.[27]Captured by the FBI in September 1975, Hearst was sentenced to 35 years in prison for bank robbery. She served 22 months and was released from prison on February 1, 1979. President Bill Clinton granted her a full pardonon January 20, 2001.[28][29]May 19, 1977Colleen StanCameron HookerRed Bluff, California, US20EscapedStan was kidnapped by Hooker while hitchhiking. She was tortured and sexually abused over 7 years until Hooker's wife, Janice, helped her escape in 1984.[30][31]June 12, 1977Oklahoma girl scout murdersUnknownMayes County, Oklahoma, US8-10MurderedThe Oklahoma Girl Scout murders is an unresolved crime that occurred at Camp Scott. The victims were three Girl Scouts, who were raped and murdered and their bodies left in the woods near their tent at summer camp. Although the case was classified as "solved" when Gene Leroy Hart, a local jail escapee with a history of violence was arrested, and stood trial for the crime, he was acquitted. 30 years later authorities conducted new DNA testing, but the results of these proved inconclusive, as the samples were too old.[32]February 14, 1980Timmy WhiteKenneth ParnellUkiah, California, US5Escaped/rescuedWhite was abducted by Parnell who had previously abducted Steven Stayner 7 years earlier. Stayner helped White escape on March 1, 1980.[33]1981Bryon Anthony "Bizzy Bone" McCane IIByron McCaneColumbus, Ohio, US5RescuedMcCane was kidnapped by his stepfather[34]and was led to believe that his grandmother and mother were dead. He didn't reunite with his mother until a neighbor from the reservation in Oklahoma where he was living recognized his picture from a photo shown at the end of the 1983 movie, Adam. McCane later grew up to become a famous rap artist.July 27, 1981Adam WalshOttis TooleHollywood, Florida, US6MurderedWalsh was abducted from a Sears department store at the Hollywood Mall and was later found murdered. His father, John Walsh, later became the host of America's Most Wanted.[35]July 6, 1983Tammy Lynn LeppertUnknownRockledge, Florida, US18UnknownLeppart was a former child actress and model who disappeared in unknown circumstances.[36]July 19, 1984Edith RosenkranzGlenn I Wright and Dennis MossWashington, D.C., USReleasedEdith, wife of Dr. George Rosenkranz, a wealthy Mexico City businessman, was kidnapped at gunpoint from the Washington-Sheraton Hotel during an American Contract Bridge League national tournament. She was returned unharmed two days later after her husband paid a ransom of USD $1,000,000. The ransom money was later recovered and the two kidnappers were later convicted and sentenced, as was a third defendant, Orland D. Tolden.[37]April 6, 1986Anthonette CayeditoUnknownGallup, New Mexico, US9UnknownCayedito was kidnapped from her home. She was profiled on Unsolved Mysteries a few years after her disappearance. It is believed that she phoned 911 a year after her kidnapping in a desperate attempt to be rescued. She may have also been seen by a waitress in Las Vegas a few years later. The girl has never been located.[38]August 4, 1987Carlina WhiteAnnugetta "Ann" PettwayNew York City, US19 daysEscapedWhite was taken from Harlem Hospital Center as an infant and raised by Pettway. She was reunited with her family in January 2011, 23 years later, in the longest known non-parental abduction.[39]September 20, 1988Tara CalicoUnknownBelen, New Mexico, US19UnknownCalico disappeared near her home after taking her usual bike ride. Several witnesses claimed she was being followed by a 1953-54 Ford Pickup and was never heard from again. No sign of Tara was found until on 15 June 1989 when a woman found a Polaroid photo of an unidentified young girl and boy, both bound and gagged, in the parking lot of a convenience store in Port St. Joe, Florida. The girl in the Polaroid is believed to be Tara, but this has not been confirmed. Two other Polaroid photographs, possibly of Tara, have surfaced over the years, but have yet to be released to the public. It is unclear whether Tara Calico is still alive.[40]November 19, 1988Michaela GarechtUnknownHayward, California, US9UnknownGarecht was abducted by a Caucasian male thought to be about 18–24 years old. Michaela rode to a small neighborhood market on her scooter with her best friend to get treats. When Garecht tried to grab her scooter a man forced her into his car. Neither Michaela or the abductor have been seen or heard from since.[41]October 22, 1989Jacob WetterlingUnknownSt. Joseph, Minnesota, US11UnknownWetterling was kidnapped on his way home by a masked gunman. His case has remained unsolved.[42]June 10, 1991Jaycee Lee DugardPhillip Garrido and Nancy GarridoSouth Lake Tahoe, California, US11RescuedDugard was kidnapped from a bus stop and held captive for 18 years. She was found alive by suspicious parole officers on August 26, 2009. During captivity she gave birth to two children.[43]September 11, 1991Carrie LawsonJerry BlandJasper, Alabama, US25MurderedLawson was a young lawyer kidnapped in an infamously bungled case in FBI history. A ransom demand of $300,000 was made, which was paid by the family. The FBI inserted tracking devices in the money bag and on the delivery person, but both were on the same frequency and the FBI tracked the delivery person, leaving the money drop by mistake. After later getting a break in the case, the FBI went to the home of suspect Jerry Bland, who refused entry, and while retrieving a search warrant left in the car, the suspect retreated inside and shot himself, taking any information on her whereabouts to his grave. Neither she nor her remains were ever found. The ransom money was mostly recovered from the suspect's attic and vehicle.[44][45]December 28, 1992Katie BeersJohn EspositoLong Island, New York, US9Released/rescuedTwo days before her tenth birthday, Beers was lured into the home of John Esposito, a friend of her family. She was held captive inside a concrete bunker underneath Esposito's garage. Esposito falsely claimed that Beers was kidnapped by a third party in an amusement park, but 17 days after the abduction, he took police to where he was holding her.[46]August 18, 1993Sara Ann WoodLewis LentFrankfort, New York, US12MurderedWood disappeared on a quiet road near her home. Lent, a janitor from Massachusetts, confessed to kidnapping, sexually assaulting, and killing Sara, but he refused to say where he buried her body. Lent had also pleaded guilty to the 1990 kidnapping and murder of 12-year-old Pittsfield, Massachusetts native Jimmy Bernardo. Lent abducted Jimmy from the Pittsfield movie theater where Lent worked as a janitor. He was sentenced to life without parole for the Bernardo murder and sentenced to 25-years-to-life for the Wood murder. He is in prison in Massachusetts. Lent is suspected in a number of other child kidnapping cases. Lent recanted his confession and refuses to disclose the location of Sara's body. Lent has said that he can't say where her body is because she is not buried alone.[47]October 1, 1993Polly KlaasRichard Allen DavisPetaluma, California12MurderedKlaas was kidnapped from her home and later strangled. Davis's car got stuck in the mud a few miles from Polly's house. A local police officer pulled him out of the mud but did not query his license number with the police computer system, nor did he hear the BOLO (be on the lookout) broadcast to all CHP radios reporting that Davis was wanted for a parole violation. Davis has been convicted of kidnapping and first-degree murder and sentenced to death. BOLOs are now broadcast to all police radios: state, county, and municipal.September 12, 1994Michael Anthony HughesUnknownChoctaw, Oklahoma, US6unknownHughes was abducted from his elementary school by his step-father, Franklin Delano Floyd. Two months later, Floyd was arrested in Kentucky, but the boy was not with him. He has given inconsistent statements regarding the boy's whereabouts, but Hughes was never located. It was later discovered that Hughes' mother, Sharon Marshall, was not only Floyd's wife, but was actually raised by Floyd from an early age and is assumed to be a childhood kidnapping victim herself. She died when Hughes was two years old. Floyd is the prime suspect in her murder as well.[48]August 14, 1994Jameika PorchUnknownChattanooga, Tennessee, US4MurderedPorch was abducted from her bedroom at her grandmothers home. Her remains were discovered in 2000 and it was determined that she was strangled by ligature shortly after she vanished.[49]June 9, 1995Morgan NickUnknownAlma, Arkansas, US6UnknownNick was at a baseball game with her mother. She was last seen at her car after catching fireflies with her friends, and she was also seen talking to a man who police believe was her abductor. She has not been found; her mother started a foundation to help families with missing children.[50]September 16, 1995Jessyca MullenburgSteven OliverEau Claire, Wisconsin, US13RescuedOliver had first met Mullenberg when he was an aide at her school and became obsessed with her. He followed Mullenburg and her father as they moved to two locations in Wisconsin and eventually moved across the street from the Mullenbergs in Eau Claire. Oliver told Mullenburg that a publisher was interested in a story that she wrote; she agreed to go with Oliver in his car. Mullenberg dozed off in the car and, when she awoke, her feet and hands were bound. After an eight-hour drive to Kansas City, Mullenberg and Oliver boarded a plane to Houston, where she spent the majority of her three-and-a-half-month captivity in a motel room. Mullenberg says that physical, sexual and mental abuse were common. Within weeks, Oliver had convinced Mullenberg that her parents didn't want to get her back and didn't love her. Mullenberg says she became so completely disconnected from reality that she remembered very little from her past. A chance viewing of America's Most Wanted on television confirmed the manager's suspicions that Oliver was up to something. Immediately after recognizing Oliver's photo on the show, calls were placed to law enforcement and the FBI. Authorities who raced to the hotel knew who Mullenberg was but, after months in captivity, she did not. Only after authorities showed Mullenberg pictures from her past did she come back to reality.[51]January 13, 1996Amber HagermanUnknownArlington, Texas, US9[52]MurderedHagerman was kidnapped while riding her bike near her grandparents' home. She was found four days later by a hiker and his dog, naked in a creek bed. An autopsy revealed she had been alive two days, was raped and then her throat was slit. Although a $75,000 reward was offered for information leading to Amber's killer, he was never found.[53]The task force investigating Amber's murder was dissolved in June 1997.[54]Her murder inspired the creation of the AMBER Alert system.December 15, 1997Delimar Vera CuevasCarolyn CorreaFrankford, Philadelphia, US10 daysRescuedCuevas was a baby when she was thought to have been killed in a fire. Six years later, her mother discovered her at a birthday party. After DNA tests confirmed that the child was indeed her own, the kidnapper went on the run leaving behind three more children.[55]May 17, 1999Andria Nichole BrewerKarl RobertsArkansas, US12MurderedRoberts, 35, was convicted in May 2000 by a Polk County Circuit Court jury of capital murder in the May 17, 1999, rape and strangling of Brewer, his niece.[56]October 12, 1999Pamela ButlerKeith NelsonKansas City, US10MurderedButler was rollerblading in front of her house when she was kidnapped by Nelson. He took her across the state line from Kansas into Grain Valley, Missouri, to a church. There he took her into a wooded area, where he raped and strangled Butler with some speaker wire. Nelson was arrested two days later near the Kansas River, and Butler's body was recovered the following day. Nelson was found guilty and sentenced to death by lethal injection in a federal facility.[57]April 6, 2001Anne SlutiAnthony Steven "Tony Zappa" WrightKearney, Nebraska, US17Released/rescuedSluti was kidnapped from a mall parking lot in April 2001, taken out of state and raped for six days before being Wright surrendered to police.[58]February 1, 2002Danielle van DamDavid WesterfieldSabre Springs, San Diego, California, US7MurderedVan Dam was abducted from her bed; her body was found by searchers three weeks later in a remote area. Westerfield, who had no prior criminal record, lived two houses away from the van Dams. He was convicted and sentenced to death for the crime. He is currently incarcerated at San Quentin State Prison.[59]June 5, 2002Elizabeth SmartBrian David MitchellSalt Lake City, Utah, US14RescuedSmart was kidnapped from her bedroom and was found alive nine months later in a suburb of Salt Lake City on 12 March 2003.[60]July 15, 2002Samantha RunnionAlejandro AvilaStanton, California, US5MurderedRunnion was kidnapped from the front yard of her home. Her body was found one day later in Cleveland National Forest. Avila is currently incarcerated at San Quentin State Prison in California.[61]July 22, 2002Erica PrattEdward Johnson and James BurnsPhiladelphia, US7EscapedPratt was forced into a car from a street. She escaped by gnawing through duct tape used to keep her bound and by smashing a window.[61]August 22, 2002Michelle KnightAriel CastroCleveland, Ohio, US21RescuedKnight was last seen when she left her cousin's house. Knight, along with Amanda Berry, a child of Amanda Berry born in captivity, and Gina DeJesus were found alive and in reasonable health within 3 miles of the site of their disappearances on May 6, 2013.[62]October 6, 2002Shawn HornbeckMichael J. DevlinRichwoods, Missouri, US11RescuedHornbeck was kidnapped while riding his bicycle near his home. He was missing for over four years before found alive at the age of 15 on 12 January 2007. 13-year-old Ben Ownby was found with him after having been missing for five days.[63]November 11, 2002Samantha Nicole BurnsUnknownHuntington, West Virginia, US19UnknownBurns, a student of Marshall Community and Technical College Physical Therapy Program was abducted at the Marshall University Court Yard Apartments. She was last heard from by her mother at 9:45pm and her car was discovered burning around the Cabell/Wayne County lines at 3:30am on November 12, 2002. She has not been seen or heard from since, is presumed dead and no remains have been recovered. South Carolina Death Row inmates Chadwick E. Fulks and Branden L. Basham claim responsibility for the disappearance of Burns. At that time they were escapees of another correctional facility. They have yet to provide enough credible details that lead to Burns's whereabouts.[64][65]April 21, 2003Amanda BerryAriel CastroCleveland, Ohio, US16EscapedBerry was abducted one day before her 17th birthday. During captivity, Berry gave birth to a daughter. Just over 10 years later, on May 6, 2013, Berry escaped along with Michelle Knight, Gina DeJesus and Berry's daughter. They were in reasonable health and within 3 miles of the site of their disappearances.[66]April 2, 2004Gina DeJesusAriel CastroCleveland, Ohio, US14RescuedJust over 9 years after DeJesus' abduction, on May 6, 2013, she was rescued along with Amanda Berry, Michelle Knight, and a child of Amanda Berry's born in captivity. They were in reasonable health and within 3 miles of the site of their disappearances.[67]February 24, 2005Jessica LunsfordJohn CoueyHomosassa, Florida, US9MurderedLunsford was abducted from her home in the early morning. Believed held captive over the weekend, she was raped and later murdered by 46-year-old Couey who lived nearby. The media covered the investigation and trial of her killer extensively. On August 24, 2007, a judge in Inverness, Florida sentenced Couey, a convicted sex offender, to death for kidnapping, sexually battering, and First degree murder of Jessica.[68]September 5, 2005Taylor BehlBenjamin FawleyRichmond, Virginia, US17Murdered*Behl, a Virginia Commonwealth University freshman was found dead on 5 October 2005, in Mathews County, Virginia, after having gone missing a month earlier.[69]February 9, 2009Haleigh CummingsUnknownSatsuma, Florida, US5UnknownCummings was last seen sleeping in her family's trailer. She was discovered missing and the rear door to the trailer was several inches ajar and the screen door had been propped open with a cinderblock. The case remains unsolved.[70]March 27, 2009Sandra CantuMelissa HuckabyTracy, California, US8MurderedSeveral days after Cantu went missing on April 6, a suitcase was discovered in a pond containing her body. On April 10, 2009, police arrested 28-year-old Melissa Huckaby and charged her with the kidnapping, rape, and murder of Cantu.[71]May 24, 2009Nevaeh BuchananUnknownMonroe, Michigan, USMurderedBuchanan was discovered missing from the parking lot of the Charlotte Arms apartment complex. A fishermen discovered Nevaeh's body along the banks of the River Raisin in Raisinville Township on June 4, 2009.[72]June 4, 2010Kyron HormanUnknownPortland, Oregon, US7UnknownHorman disappeared when he did not return home from Skyline Elementary School. Local and state police along with the FBI conducted an exhaustive search for the boy and launched a criminal investigation, but have not uncovered any significant information regarding the boy's whereabouts.[73]July 11, 2011Leiby KletzkyLevi AroNew York City, US8MurderedKletzky was kidnapped on his way home from day camp in his Hasidic Jewish neighborhood.[74]October 3, 2011Lisa IrwinUnknownKansas City, Missouri, US10 monthsUnknownIrwin disappeared from her home in the early hours of the morning.[75]April 21, 2012Isabel CelisUnknownTucson, ArizonaUnknownCelis was reported missing by her father around 8 a.m. when she was not in her room, and a bedroom window was opened with the screen removed. She has not yet been found.[76]January 29, 2013Ethan GilmanJimmy Lee DykesMidland City, Alabama, US5RescuedDykes, a 65-year-old Vietnam War-era veteran boarded a Dale County school bus, killed the driver, and took Gilman hostage. On the afternoon of February 4, law enforcement agents entered the bunker, killed Dykes, and rescued Gilman.source of google wikipedia