Division Of Safety And Business Hearings: Fill & Download for Free

Excellent question! The reason is that in large aircraft, the power levers must be set to a specific number using a gauge of a digital readout. This means that the pilot must focus his eyes on the instrument used to set the power to the required setting. This is done while the airplane is beginning its takeoff roll. It would be unsafe for the pilot who is STEERING the airplane to stick his head down and focus on a gauge instead of looking out where the airplane is going while hurtling the beast down the runway!So, what happens is:The flying pilot (the one steering) places his hand on top of the power levers and pushes them up to a place that is near where they are going to be when properly set for takeoff, while looking outside. Some airlines call this “standing them up", which means that he literally moves the levers from leaning backwards against the idle gate to standing straight up, or nearly so which is near the takeoff power setting. At this point, the flying pilot opens his hand flat over the power levers, but leaves his palm lightly resting on the top of the levers (while remaining focused outside with his eyes) and calls out “Set power". When the pilot monitoring (not steering) hears this call, he brings his hand underneath the flying pilots hand and adjusts the power levers to the required setting while monitoring the readout and then calls “Power set". He leaves his hand there in case he needs to “tweak" the power levers in case the power changes as the airplane speeds up. The pilot monitoring watches the gauges inside and monitors the engine and airspeed and calls out certain speeds to the pilot flying.At a certain speed determined by the airplanes weight the pilot monitoring will call out “V1" which is the airplane's Takeoff Safety Speed. At and above V1 the crew will not reject (abort) the takeoff for any reason. So, when the pilot monitoring calls V1, both pilots remove their hands from the power levers and the flying pilot places both his hands on the yoke, because, whatever happens now, they are definitely going to go flying! As the airplane reaches a little higher speed called Vr or Rotation Speed, the pilot monitoring will call “Rotate", and the flying pilot (who now has both hands on the yoke (steering wheel) will pull back and raise the nose into a climb attitude. When the wheels leave the runway and the pilot monitoring determines that the airline is indeed climbing, he will call “Positive Rate". The flying pilot will then call out “Gear up", and the pilot monitoring will retract the landing gear. As the climb continues and the airplane continues to speed up, the pilots will make various required calls and retract flaps, etc. to configure the airplane for the climb. At some point, depending on the aircraft, the pilot flying will call out “Set climb power, after takeoff checklist “. At this point, the pilot monitoring will set the power levers to the required setting for climb, after which he will call out “Climb power set, your power levers". The flying pilot now has control of the power levers and will monitor them from then on. This frees up the pilot monitoring to handle other tasks.The reasoning in all this is called division of workload. The main task of the pilot who is flying is to steer the airplane safely and keep his attention focused outside the airplane, or if in the clouds, on his flight instruments to make sure the airplane goes where it is supposed to at all times. The flying pilots job is to fly, that is all!The pilot monitoring is the busy guy! He does all the radio calls and frequency changes, handles all the cockpit chores except the flying, monitors all the systems and gauges, makes all the speed calls, handles the gear and flaps, monitors the navigation and position of the aircraft, and runs the checklists. He is a very busy guy!!!The reason the flying pilot keeps his hand on the power levers until V1 along with the pilot monitoring is that if anything bad happens before the airplane reaches V1 speed, whichever pilot notices the problem will call out “abort, abort, abort!” and the pilot flying will immediately bring the power levers back to idle, then over the gate into reverse while applying heavy braking and controlling the aircraft to a safe stop.However, as was stated earlier, above V1, BOTH pilots remove their hands from the power levers because no one is going to reject the takeoff, even though the airplane is still rolling down the runway! If anything happens now, they will fly the airplane into the air and deal with the emergency in the air. When they have things under control, then they will either return for landing or proceed to their preplanned takeoff alternate and land.In all cases nowadays, the main job of the flying pilot is to fly. That's the easy job! The pilot monitoring has the busy job and pretty much handles everything else. Most crews alternate jobs on each leg, so both pilots get to do both jobs.

A lot depends on who you consider a trustworthy source.Two US agencies, NIOSH and OSHA, have published rules on how much sound workers can be exposed to without excessive risk. This chart shows their recommendations.[1]What this chart means is that OSHA, for example, assumes that exposures of 115 dB for a quarter hour per day is acceptable. They use a 5‑dB time‑intensity tradeoff: for every 5 dB increase in noise level, the allowable exposure time is reduced by half. NIOSH is more conservative and assumes that people shouldn’t be exposed to more than 100 dB for a quarter hour per day.[2]You might ask why the two sets of rules differ so much. OSHA is required to balance the need of businesses to make money against the loss hearing by workers.If the previous statement seems surprising, let me restate. OSHA is required to allow businesses to injure people if protecting the protecting them would cost the business too much. You can get OSHA’s explanation of that principle here.[3]NIOSH is a division of the CDC, so their mission is to protect people first. They are probably a better source for your safety. They explain their rationale here.https://www.etymotic.com/downloads/dl/file/id/47/product/107/noise_exposure_explanation_of_osha_and_niosh_safe_exposure_limits_and_the_importance_of_noise_dosimetry.pdfNIOSH uses a 3 dB time‑intensity tradeoff: for every 3 dB increase in noise level, the allowable exposure time is reduced by half.This chart shows that relationship.[4]Following that rule means that even a few seconds at 115 dB may be risky. That’s roughly the sound level of a rock concert.[5]Footnotes[1] https://www.etymotic.com/downloads/dl/file/id/47/product/107/noise_exposure_explanation_of_osha_and_niosh_safe_exposure_limits_and_the_importance_of_noise_dosimetry.pdf[2] Understanding Noise Exposure Limits: Occupational vs. General Environmental Noise[3] Occupational Safety and Health Administration[4] Noise Exposure - Permissible Level and Duration[5] How Loud Is Too Loud: Decibel levels of common sounds

I love to write and so imagine my joy when my former spouse's attorney informed me that all communication was to be directed through her.Every single morning, my Pro Se self would wake up energized by the nightmares of my most recent slumber with a new issue to address.Dear Attorney Weber,I hope all is well with everyone. I am writing to let you know that your client left the house in a state of disarray. Please refer to attached documents. I am unable to find the knitted cap from his grandmother that was listed on the proposed dissolution documents separating the belongings he stated he would like to have back. I am not sure where I would begin to look.In order to resolve this problem, I propose one of the following:You can come over and dig through his underwear and personal belongings.You can send your client and an escort to do so as long as I have agreed to the time, date, and escort.He can put aside his differences and contact me directly for the safe return of the knitted cap. He has such a nasty disposition and unpredictable temper, however, that this might not be considered a good option.It is supposed to snow tomorrow so please make sure his mommy packs him a lunch, shovel, and mittens.Thanks,SaraYou see, the reason his attorney cost so much was because he was unwilling to communicate minor details. Because of this, his attorney had to read every single stupid email I sent.Now before you judge my actions, I want to give you some insight into what transpired to cause such a ridiculous situation.His attorney was very young and inexperienced and she had recommended he cease all communication with me. Instead of focusing on dividing up community property, such as real estate and retirement savings, she focused on trying to find a way to make me pay for what she thought he was owed. She told him that he might be entitled to my future earnings when I did begin working again.She also went through his credit card debt that was incurred prior to our marriage and asked me to pay half. Imagine my disbelief when looking at itemized transactions only to find my expensive engagement ring, which was more than 3/4 of the entire amount owed, was asked to be split 50/50. For good measure, she also added in the loan my ex had asked his parents for to finance our wedding.Neither of us had children together. He owned a house prior to the marriage. We were married less than two years and did not acquire anything significant during that time.I recommended mediation. The judge recommended mediation. So to mediation we went. Now, it is possible to do mediation without an attorney. Did she tell him this? Probably not. So not only did he have to pay for mediation, but he also had to pay for her accompanying him to the mediation.Because she was so determined to see that I pay for his pre marital debt and wedding expenses, the mediation was a waste of time. No judge would order an unemployed spouse to pay for debt incurred prior to marriage.The reason she was reluctant to handle the division of real estate we found later is because she had no experience in that area of the law.We had fallen behind a few payments and so the house went into a state of pre foreclosure. The house had a good amount of equity, however. Instead of recommending a loan modification, she recommended a short sale. One fine Saturday afternoon, my phone was inundated with calls from some pushy realtor demanding entry into the house. On the fifth call, after listening to the four previous voicemails, I told that nasty realtor to fuck off.It became clear that I needed an attorney to deal with these stubborn asses because trying to have a rational discussion about division of marital property was useless.So I filed a motion with the court to allow me some time to acquire legal representation.His attorney objected arguing that I should have not filed for divorce in a state of financial distress and that it was my fault for doing so without an attorney.The judge agreed with me and extended the final divorce hearing for a few months during which time I obtained employment and retained an experienced well qualified attorney who took some cases on a reduced fee basis.Because I had done most of the difficult work myself, my attorney agreed that the divorce could be a collaborative process which saved me even more money. So I continued to respond to all his attorneys demands, writing all the arguments myself. My attorney edited these, adding in some legal terms and proper format.But I wasn't done. I had discovered that my former spouse had some retirement savings he had not disclosed in his initial paperwork. I don't like being lied to, so I created some well written interrogatories asking for detailed explanations of where these accounts were and how many of them had he overlooked and how much money was invested in each.Meanwhile his attorney was busy drafting a restraining order against me at the direction of his parents who had begun paying for his attorney because he was unable to afford her anymore. They were worried about their reputation and they claimed they were scared for the safety of his brother and sister, as they believed that I might do something to them. Now, as most people know, you cannot file a marital restraining order asking for future protection of family members not involved in this divorce.I received the restraining order at the same time his attorney received the interrogatories. By this time, I think my ex was fed up with his attorney because he contacted me directly to ask for some pictures back.He ended up coming over and we talked about the divorce and the future of the house. We decided to enjoin the foreclosure which, at this point, was becoming a more pressing issue.He asked his attorney to rescind the restraining order so we could work on saving the property. She was reluctant to do so because his parents had requested it and were now the ones in charge of financing the divorce. She didn't want them to pull their funding.After discussing the pros and cons of fighting the foreclosure, he moved back in we accidentally had sexual relations which then set back the clock on when we could finalize the divorce which we never ended up doing. Two weeks later, I found out I was pregnant. That was two years ago and we haven't divorced since.The moral of this story is…divorce attorneys are so expensive because the two people who are divorcing have come to a point where communication no longer exists, trust is irreparably damaged, emotionally charged demands replace logic, and the only purpose of much of the litigation is retaliation in response to the other parties unrealistic demands.In an attempt to appease their client and try to do what they believe to be in their best interests, a divorce attorney is pulled into the middle of this he said -she said battle. Time is money. Paying someone to step into your tangled world of bitterness and asking them to sort through the deception, allegations, and financial disarray and untangle this mess to make everyone happy is a quite an undertaking- one so difficult that you alone could not even handle it.Many times, neither party is completely without fault. The need of each person to feel vindicated or to prove a point prolongs the inevitable. The more they disagree, the longer the it takes, the more money it costs. Most experienced attorneys know how messy things tend to get which is probably the reason they ask for a large retainer upfront.And contrary to popular belief, attorneys are not making excessive amounts of money like they had in the past. The number of people graduating from law school has exponentially increased, so much so that the market is now saturated and competition for business is fierce.My recommendations for saving money on a divorce attorney include marrying an agreeable person, refraining from major marital indiscretions, hiring an experienced attorney, mediation, and collaborative divorce.