Lt 220 Form: Fill & Download for Free

Twenty years ago, I served a stint on a Highway Patrol unit. The cars were much different than the general duties cars I had previously used. We had Chev Caprices [edit.] with RWD. The engines were Corvette LT-1’s. The vehicle suspension was extra stiff and the tires were special ‘pursuit’ radials, rated to about 220 km/h (and not available for sale to the public). The transmissions were optimised for rapid acceleration from zero.In this vehicle, place a driver who has passed courses for pursuit driving, and high-speed driving, combined with the experience that comes from many many miles every day, day after day.Most people do not have enough experience to out-drive a Highway Patrol car fitted with a professional driver. Under the added pressure and mental distraction of being pursued, it’s almost guaranteed that the offender will misjudge the road or circumstances and make a mistake. Eventually, they will also encounter other traffic which will slow them down.Another adage is that no car can outrun the speed of light. Meaning, an officer can radio ahead for an interceptor. Most speeders are thoughtless and selfish drivers, and not necessarily criminals. Even if they think they can safely outrun a police car, when they see flashing lights up ahead, they concede.Fun story:I recall receiving a radio call one night from a patrol car a hundred miles down the freeway, advising they had just released a speeder who had been doing ~120mph. They were heading my way. After an appropriate time, I set up to wait. A short time later, I clocked them at 130mph, and pulled them over. When done, I notified the Patrol unit farther down the road. I understand they later intercepted the same idiot again. That’s the other power of the radio.

Power System adopted worldwide:Let’s illustrate each part:Generation Plant - The place where electrical energy is generated. And approximately its voltage level is [math]10[/math]~[math]35\ kV[/math] (Medium voltage). High power is produced, so for economical trade-offs voltage needs to be medium so the current also medium. As I’m aware we still cannot generate electricity at high voltage due to insulation issues.Generation Substation - Transformers station where the medium voltage that comes out of the generation plant is stepped up to HV/EHV/UHV levels. The voltage level range here is [math]230[/math]~[math]1000\ kV[/math]. This step is very important because carrying out transmission at a high voltage level is more economical than any other level (WHY?).Transmission System (Primary Transmission) - The level here as we said HV/EHV/UHV ([math]230[/math]~[math]1000\ kV[/math]). These lines can be called primary transmission lines. And these lines usually travel long distances to reach some central region, so their voltage should be high.Transmission Substation - Transformers station where the HV/EHV/UHV is reduced to lower levels ([math]\lt 220\ kV[/math] i.e. [math]138\ kV,\ 115\ kV,\ 69\ kV[/math]). The reason why we reduced the voltage is that we here will travel short distances from the central region to nearby cities.Sub-Transmission System (Secondary Transmission) - As we said levels here ([math]\lt 220\ kV[/math] i.e. [math]138\ kV,\ 115\ kV,\ 69\ kV[/math]) and here we have many of these secondary transmission lines that short and its mission is to reach each city.Distribution Substation - Transformers station where the voltage is further reduced to medium voltage ([math]34.5\ kV, 13.8\ kV[/math]).Primary Distribution System - As said will be at MV and its mission is to reach different parts of the city (villages and etc.).Distribution Transformer - Will step down the voltage to LV ([math]\lt 1000\ V[/math] i.e. [math]415\ V,\ 480\ V, 208\ V[/math]). It lowers the voltage so we can distribute for a specific area. We will travel using this level inside one area, so lines use this level will travel very short distances.Secondary Distribution System - Low voltage lines that will travel in specific areas between houses to give everyone power at a safe, utilizable level. You may note all devices in your house operate at low voltage.Long journey, but in conclusion, we can say:If we stepped up/down the voltage, it’s to achieve the best economic experience. Which means delivering the power to consumers at the lowest price. Primary and secondary are determined based on the length that the line will travel. The longer the distance, the higher the voltage and this we called it primary. The shorter the distance, the lower the voltage, and this we called it secondary. Generally, primary transmission lines [math]\[/math][math]lt[/math][math][/math] secondary, and same for primary and secondary distribution lines (The reason for this is that loads always higher in number, we start from a low number and then we branch). Regardless of what happens, we must supply consumers at a safe voltage level that can power all their devices ([math]120\ V[/math] will be safer than [math]230\ V[/math], and both will power your simple load).NOTES:Voltage levels can differ and that depends on the standard levels that every country uses, but in general, this is the idea.There can be also some differences from one country to another on the system we explained. But generally, I’m trying to explain how things work.High Voltage (HV) - [math]( \ge 69\ kV[/math] & [math]\le 230\ kV)[/math]Extra High Voltage (EHV) - [math](\gt 230\ kV[/math] & [math]\le 765\ kV)[/math]Ultra High Voltage (UHV) - [math](\gt 765\ kV[/math] & [math]\le 1100\ kV)[/math]The awesome photo from Electric Power Distribution Reliability (Power Engineering (Willis)) 2nd Edition by Richard E. Brown

Power System adopted worldwide:Let’s illustrate each part:Generation Plant - The place where electrical energy is generated. And approximately its voltage level is [math]10[/math]~[math]35\ kV[/math] (Medium voltage). High power is produced, so for economical trade-offs voltage needs to be medium so the current also medium. As I’m aware we still cannot generate electricity at high voltage due to insulation issues.Generation Substation - Transformers station where the medium voltage that comes out of the generation plant is stepped up to HV/EHV/UHV levels. The voltage level range here is [math]230[/math]~[math]1000\ kV[/math]. This step is very important because carrying out transmission at a high voltage level is more economical than any other level (WHY?).Transmission System - The level here as we said HV/EHV/UHV ([math]230[/math]~[math]1000\ kV[/math]). These lines can be called primary transmission lines. And these lines usually travel long distances to reach some central region, so their voltage should be high.Transmission Substation - Transformers station where the HV/EHV/UHV is reduced to lower levels ([math]\lt 220\ kV[/math] i.e. [math]138\ kV,\ 115\ kV,\ 69\ kV[/math]). The reason why we reduced the voltage is that we here will travel short distances from the central region to nearby cities.Sub-Transmission System - As we said levels here ([math]\lt 220\ kV[/math] i.e. [math]138\ kV,\ 115\ kV,\ 69\ kV[/math]) and here we have many of these secondary transmission lines that short and its mission is to reach each city.Distribution Substation - Transformers station where the voltage is further reduced to medium voltage ([math]34.5\ kV, 13.8\ kV[/math]).Primary Distribution System - As said will be at MV and its mission is to reach different parts of the city (villages and etc.).Distribution Transformer - Will step down the voltage to LV ([math]\lt 1000\ V[/math] i.e. [math]415\ V,\ 480\ V, 208\ V[/math]). It lowers the voltage so we can distribute for a specific area. We will travel using this level inside one area, so lines use this level will travel very short distances.Secondary Distribution System - Low voltage lines that will travel in specific areas between houses to give everyone power at a safe, utilizable level. You may note all devices in your house operate at low voltage.Long journey, but in conclusion, we can say:If we stepped up/down the voltage, it’s to achieve the best economic experience. Which means delivering the power to consumers at the lowest price. Primary and secondary are determined based on the length that the line will travel. The longer the distance, the higher the voltage and this we called it primary. The shorter the distance, the lower the voltage, and this we called it secondary. Generally, primary transmission lines [math]\[/math][math]lt[/math][math][/math] secondary, and same for primary and secondary distribution lines (The reason for this is that loads always higher in number, we start from a low number and then we branch). Regardless of what happens, we must supply consumers at a safe voltage level that can power all their devices ([math]120\ V[/math] will be safer than [math]230\ V[/math], and both will power your simple load).NOTES:Voltage levels can differ and that depends on the standard levels that every country uses, but in general, this is the idea.There can be also some differences from one country to another on the system we explained. But generally, I’m trying to explain how things work.High Voltage (HV) - [math]( \ge 69\ kV[/math] & [math]\le 230\ kV)[/math]Extra High Voltage (EHV) - [math](\gt 230\ kV[/math] & [math]\le 765\ kV)[/math]Ultra High Voltage (UHV) - [math](\gt 765\ kV[/math] & [math]\le 1100\ kV)[/math]The awesome photo from Electric Power Distribution Reliability (Power Engineering (Willis)) 2nd Edition by Richard E. Brown