Universal Design Mark: Fill & Download for Free

It depends on what you mean by refit, because the Galaxy class has at least half a dozen upgrades and variants in canon and semi-canon.The Next Generation, Deep Space 9 and Voyager are all part of the same era and are concurrent, give or take a few decades. So while we do see new ship classes introduced, we don’t see any major leaps in technology or Starfleet design philosophy over the course of those three shows.Of course we do see Starfleet become more battle-hardened out of necessity, and the loadout of Starfleet ships changes to reflect the situation. TNG covers an era of pretty much unprecedented peace in the series, which is why the original Galaxy is essentially an exploration ship/starliner/floating embassy, with luxurious accommodations, ample guest quarters and officers’ families living with them aboard the ship.As new threats emerge, Starfleet trends away from that, and that’s where we see the Galaxy tweaked and upgraded to reflect new realities.First there’s the dreadnought Galaxy, the ugly three-nacelle beast seen from the Mirror Universe, and the Galaxy X class, which also has three nacelles. Both ships make extensive appearances in Star Trek games, comics and novelizations.Then there are refits that exist in Star Trek Online, which is canon/semi-canon in that all starship designs and plots must be approved by Paramount and the core Star Trek creative team before they’re included in the game.There’s the Monarch class:The Andromeda class:The Venture class:The Ross class:Each one of these ships is based on the same frame and they’re all generally “exploration cruisers” in Starfleet’s classification.The Andromeda is supposed to be the direct “upgrade” of the original Galaxy class, while the others are all exploration ships, but tweaked/specialized for specific dual uses: Some have deflectors and labs geared toward science/data collection/astrometrics, and some are more heavily armed versions of the Galaxy.They all hew closely to the original Galaxy design, marking the end of an era before the Sovereign class, and subsequent (and somewhat radical) changes in Starfleet cruiser design, like the much larger Tucker, Daystrom and Scott classes, and the beautifully sleek Odyssey class:

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Thanks for the A2A.Others have already summed it up nicely for you. All I can add is that if you ask any former student who's about to complete their first year or two in the industry, they'll probably refer to the difference in the level of fine detail.At university, it's largely about completing assignments as you learn, there are no lives at stake if you make a mistake. Once you're out in industry and you begin to take on more responsibility as your career progresses, you are required to pay more and more attention in detail to ensure safety and as such must have a throughly understanding of whatever you are tasked with.You'll find that your work in industry is not as challenging initially because in effect, you're being asked to deliver at the 100% quality level on every occassion, deliver less and you will be given less. In university, you have a pass mark which is essentially much lower and as long as you pass, there really isn't a huge downside to your future career.The take away is thus, in Industry you need to prove your worth by delivering near perfection at all times and thus your progression is careful and considered. At University, you do your best and move on to the next assignment without necessarily needing to really gain a true level of insight into what you are being exposed to.So to get to answering your question. In university, your design team may spend a year on a project on a part time basis and may have 8 members. In an Aircraft Company, the team will comprise of over a hundred individuals who over a span of up to five years, may have provided various levels of contribution by the time one reaches the Preliminary Design Review phase. The University design team may convey their solution during a 30 minute presentation and basically communicate a very high level overview. A typical Industry PDR could last two days with presenters for each design discipline delving into the requirements and proposed options toward solutions for their particular area of concern.The University design team only needs to convince their professors and colleagues that they have demonstrated a basic understanding of the problems to be solved and have an idea of how to solve them. The Industry Design Team needs to convince the top management that the company can indeed solve the problems presented in terms of satisfying requirements and thus the company should go ahead and spend perhaps billions of dollars towards developing their solutions.