Small Commercial Electric Prints: Fill & Download for Free

There are Meter Readers (MR) who take readings from meters. If you are a domestic consumer or small commercial consumer, the meter reader with his SBM (spot billing machine) will come and input your reading into it to print out the bill. If you are a small industrial consumer, a meter reader will take your reading and note it down (without SBM), the bill will be prepared after few days. If you are a large supply consumer (if you have load more than 100 kilowatts), then your meter has a modem with internet connectivity, it will automatically send your readings to the online server and the bill will be prepared accordingly (No manual reading).Meter Readers will come before the end of billing cycle, such as domestic consumers' bills are prepared bimonthly.

Been there, done that when I urgently needed to use my laptop before it was common to provide power at each seat.I assumed the power would be dirty, most likely subject to interruptions or brown-outs (under-voltage), but if it is coming out of a UK square pin socket it is unlikely to be much more than 300V. Most phone/laptop chargers can accept a wide range of input voltages and frequencies (spec printed on the device). My charger had a 2 core power cable so no worries about earthing. Worst case my charger had a 1A fuse (all UK plugs are fused) so it was very unlikely there would be a catastrophic failure (i.e. explosion/fire). Obviously there was still a small risk I might destroy my charger, (voltage spikes or high frequency) but I had several spares at home.My charger used 45W (0.2A), so not enough to overload any circuits and for my 45 minute journey the electricity had a commercial value of about 3/4 of a penny at most - that’s not going to be a criminal offence especially given the outrageous cost of my ticket. If anyone had objected (which they did not) I would have politely unplugged my device. The way I saw it, at worst I might be put off the train.So having completed my risk assessment, I plugged in and everything worked just fine. Clearly I don’t recommend others do this, although I do feel that now days, if there are no power sockets provided, non-public sockets are fair game.My wife once desperately needed to telephone me from Amsterdam airport so she unplugged something so she could plug in and make the call. The fairground toy car ride nearby ground to a halt, complete with crying 4 year old. My wife quickly finished the call, apologised to the child and paid for another ride. I guess she could have been in big trouble for that one!

The English scientist Michael Faraday demonstrated the motor effect (the conversion of electrical energy into mechanical motion) in 1821, but his device was little more than a tabletop curiosity without torque or power.Faraday made many discoveries and contributed significantly to modern science.Faraday is also notable for beginning the traditional of the Royal Institution Christmas Lectures, which he opened with The Chemical History of a Candle.The British scientist William Sturgeon invented the first commutator DC electric motor capable of turning machinery in 1832. After many other more or less successful attempts with relatively weak rotating and reciprocating devices, in 1834 the Prussian Moritz von Jacobi created the first real rotating electric motor that actually developed a remarkable mechanical torque. Unlike other types of mechanical motors that generate peak torque about halfway to maximum rpm (on average), electric engines provide maximum torque immediately (i.e. virtually from +0 rpm).The American inventor Thomas Davenport built a commutator-type DC electric motor made for commercial use. The motor, which he patented in 1837, ran at up to 600 revolutions per minute, and powered machine tools and a printing press. Due to the high cost of primary battery power, however, the motors were commercially unsuccessful and Davenport went bankrupt.In 1840, Robert Davidson held a public “Electromagnetic Exhibition” in Aberdeen, Scotland and thousands of onlookers paid at the entrance to see a working model electric locomotive able to carry two people at 4 miles per hour, a model electric lathe, a small electric printing press, and an electromagnet that could lift 2 tons of iron when supplied by a suitable battery.Though William H. Taylor in the US made similar motors and devices from 1838, both men worked independently, without knowledge of the other's accomplishments. It was calculated, however, that consuming zinc in a DC battery was forty times more expensive than burning coal in a firebox to make steam.Not until the invention of the rechargeable lead-acid storage battery in 1859 by French physicist Gaston Planté, did electricity become a feasible power source for small low voltage applications.Many of these early motors were similar in design and sophistication to the “science projects” that populated many 20th century “Boys’” books of popular science or issues of Mechanix Illustrated.A Gramme machine was a continuous current generator invented by Belgian electrical engineer Zénobe Gramme.The first Gramme machine, which purpose was to convert mechanical energy into electricity, was shown to the Academy of Sciences in Paris in 1871. In 1873, Gramme and his partner, Hippolyte Fontaine, accidentally discovered that the machine was reversible and could convert electricity into mechanical power. It was the first efficient electric motor, which opened the way to the expansion of the electrical industry.See:Amazon.com: Civil War Tech: How Simple It Is After All (Traditional American History Series Book 15) eBook: James M Volo: Kindle Store