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Is HAL planning to integrate the M-88 (Rafale) engine in Tejas?Frankly, IDK, but DRDO would really like to do so, I couldn’t learn if it happened or was rescheduled due to COVID, but in 2019, I learnt about Tejas fit with M88 flight tests planned for 2020!!!It seems that HAL is not willing to engage in this because…I.) It’d REALLY make sense to mount M88 on Tejas!!! HAL is in JV with Safran (SNECMA) for decades since Turbomeca=SafranAll the HAL choppers as well as the Jaguar engines are produced by the JV, there is no need for some ToT! Just tell HAL/Safran JV to start produce M88 and you’ll got them, and made in India!!! Meanwhile, dream on about making GE engines in India! US goal is to maintain military dependence of the client states!Then, the main IAF criticisms about Tejas stand on these points :1.) Lack of internal fuel : the 2,458 kg of internal fuel only allow a 500km combat radius.2.) Lack of thrust : the GE 404F2/J-IN20 with 90kN barely allows 4t payloadGE F404 (Tejas Mk1/1A) : Length : 390cm; Diameter : 89cm, Weight: 1035kg; Volume : 2.43m³GE F414 (planned Tejas Mk2) : Length : 390cm; Diameter : 89cm, Weight: 1110kg; Volume : 2.43m³; Air mass flow: 77.1 kg/sM88 : Length : 353.8cm; Diameter : 69.6cm, Weight: 897kg Volume : 1.35m³; Air mass flow: 65 kg/sa.) F414, even if it adds one more combustion stage, is a drop-in replacement for F404… HAL could have fit Mk1 with F414 and added CFTs (conformal fuel tanks)b.) M88 takes 1.08m³ less volume than F404/414 and is available in any power between 50kN and 115kN, moreover, intensive use for F404/414 is 4 missions per 24h, normal use for M88 is 5–6 missions, intensive use is 11 missions/24 (9 Rafale-M doing 100 catapulting a day during the 2011 Libyan campaign!)By fitting M88, you can add 1000L fuel inside the Mk1’s airframe, just around the engine, but hey, look, it needs 15.7% less airflow, so, you can do S-duct air intakes and fill this with fuel!!! Tejas Mk1 has 2,458 kg internal fuel? With the room ganed by M88 and the lesser air mass flow, you can easily stuff 1200L more fuel inside the airframe and end with the 3400kg fuel planned into Tejas Mk2 as well as the 98kN thrust of the F414…c.) M88 has stealh features, and not only against radars: it has an exhaust cooling system dramatically reducing its IR signature. If the skin of the aircraft is made from the same baked-in radar absorbing materials as Rafale, direct view on engine’s fans prohibited by S-duct air intakes with SPECTRA's ARC in the equation, Tejas becomes the cheapest 5th gen jet fighter!d.) But, thanks to Saab’s advising which is not so innocent, HAL came with the Tejas Mk2 genius idea which is planned with GE F414 3,400kg fuel and how funny, dimensions and weight similar to Gripen-E or Mirage-2000… When I say genius, I’m sarcastic since I think about such genius :Why do I say Saab is not so innocent? Oh, just because I once go in touch with a Saab engineer who lamented they didn’t played the EU card by fitting the M88 and the RBE2/AA into Gripen-C to make the Gripen-E!!! First, USA blocked the ITAR certificates for both the F414 engine and the Selex Raven AESA radar’s TRS modules because, yeah, the radar is Italian, but the TRS modules are US! Why did they do this? Oh, just to bounce Gripen-E from several competition where it may have threatened the sale of F-35 or F-16V… Then, just like for the KAI TA/FA-50, Sweden can’t export the Gripen without Washington’s blessing… Oh, yeah, this means only being able to sell to countries that can’t afford F-16 and being barely unable to compete on Russian turf because of the CAATSA law and/or ITAR certificates… Korea was into selling FA-50 to Uzbekistan, well… NO WAY, USA refuses!Another point: Look at Gripen-E’s timeline : the Gripen-E demonstrator went airborne in 2008. The prototype in 2017, we’re in 2021, Gripen-E is still into prototype testing…So… Tejas Mk2 as a solution to IAF’s criticisms? Tejas Mk2 follows the Gripen-E recipes, the cooking will take at least as long (or more)… Let’s suppose that Mk2 demonstrator gets airborne in 2022 or 2023, in 2035–2036, Mk2 will still be in test phase… for an aircraft with specs similar to a Mirage-2000… Meanwhile, into 4 years, the IAF MiG-21 inventory has fallen from about 230–240 aircraft to 54 Bisons (and about 30 twin seaters for training)Meanwhile, Tejas is ready for flight tests with M88… This means that a cradle has ALREADY been built and guess what? You can mount additional fuel tanks on such a cradle too… To put the last nail in HAL’s body of lies coffin, Dassault has ALREADY provided (as soon as 2017) blue prints for structural changes on Tejas Mk1 allowing nonetheless to stuff M88 and additional fuel, but also reinforcing the airframe to make Tejas able to take 11G w.o. metal fatigue and allowing more weight under each weapon station, so Tejas can carry BrahMos-NG (1500kg) or SCALP-EG (1300kg) then, cherry on the cake : a BRS parachute can be added in order to save the aircraft in case of engine failure… Well, such a thing is the kind of surprise the French are likely to come with when they love you… how many IAF pilot lives would had been saved, had the Soviets fit a BRS on MiG-21? Nowadays, there are chutes allowing to airdrop 27 tons at 1100km/h and 35,000ft altitude (and even GPS guided ones allowing to glide for 30km+ and land with 50m accuracy)If you do such mods on an aircraft, the flight profile is kept the same, there is no need for a demonstrator, prototype, etc! You just need to validate the mods! This means that the delivery of Tejas with improved airframes can start within 2–3 years while existing Tejas can be retrofitted with the cradle-mounted M88+ additional internal fuel-tanks near immediately after a few test flights!!!!!!e.) HAL perfectly knows that IAF wants to arm the Tejas with the MBDA Meteor missile! THEY NEED IT, and not just on Rafale! Why? Because KLJ-7A radar on JF-17, J-10C, J-11D, FC-31, etc, as well as threats like the PL-12, but especially the PL-15, PL-21 as well as the AMRAAMSo, why does HAL forces the use of Elta EL/M-2032 on Tejas Mk1 and EL/M-2052 AESA on Mk1A why they PERFECTLY KNOW since MBDA warned both HAL and the IAF that Meteor can ONLY BE INTEGRATED with the CAPTOR-E (Typhoon), the PS-05 or Raven ES-05 (Gripen) or the RBE2/AA (Rafale). They also perfectly know that Thales has prepared a RBE2/AA with modified arrangement to fit into the Tejas nose, which was already approved and flight tested by DRDO as well as a standalone version of SPECTRA's ARC (Active Radar Cancellation) especially created for Tejas on India's request.f.) The collusion of foreign arms dealers with the corrupt politico-bureaucratic nexus and in some cases even the military or private companies like HAL is a well known fact! IAF had to threaten HAL with a zero Tejas orders if these didn’t added a refuelling probe… so, QUESTION YOURSELF!i.) Why HAL doesn’t wants the M88 on Tejas Mk1 while it solves ALL of IAF’s criticisms in terms of thrust and internal fuel? Moreover, HAL is into a joint venture with Safran for DECADES! The JV produces ALL of HAL’s helicopters engines as well as the Adour jet engine for the Jaguar???!!!ii.) Why HAL is still into using the GE engines when F404 was already embargoed from 1998 to 2004iii.) Why does HAL imposes the EL/M-2052 which is is not able to fulfil the IAF request to have Meteor integrated to Tejas?iv.) Why did HAL asked an additional $44 millions per unit just to fit the EL/M-2052 with EL/L-8222 ECM pod on the $23M Tejas Mk1 to make it a Mk1A and why don’t they speak about a retrofit on existing Mk1???v.) Why HAL didn’t considered the CFT option to compensate the lack of internal fuel? Everybody does this! F-16 has, Super-Hornet has, even the Kh-55SM cruise missile has CFTs and they’re proposed as options for Rafale?Moreover, the F414 can be fit as a F404 drop-in replacement! F414+CFTs could be used as an intermediary measure to wait for full refit of internal structure as well as being able to keep F404/414 in storage as spares for the Tejas Mk1 once fit with M88 on cradlevi.) Why did HAL only built the Tejas Mk1 assembly line for 8 aircraft a year? Why has it not been planned in a way you can extend the assembly line to 24–25 units/year like a Dassault one? Why the Mk1A assembly line is also planned for only 8 units a year? Let’s face reality : PRC has about 2300 jet fighters, PAF has about 550… Meanwhile PAC produces 25 JF-17 a year and production of block.3 has just started! By the time HAL starts to deliver Mk1A likely in 2025, the 50 JF-17 b.3 ordered by PAF will already have been delivered, more will be in the pipeline as well as upgrading the about 135 block.2 to b.3 standard!IAF needs at least 15 squadrons of 21 LCA, and preferably Tejas/M88 with Meteor, RBE2/AA and OSF-IT since the Rafale’s QWIP is the only 2nd gen QWIP allowing to lock on a Chengdu J-20 or the Shenyang FC-31 and Pakistan is said being in talks to become the FC-31’s first export client. The SPECTRA's ARC is needed too.And since piling the money to make IAF a 1500 jet fighters power, considering that PRC wouldn’t leave its shores as well as the Russian, VN and NoKo borders defenceless, the Viets would be pleased to kick out the Chinks from their lands PRC occupies since 1979 (actually, Viets love the Chinese about as much as Pakis love Indians) and NoKo’s Juche ideology is as China-friendly as the Viets, CCP is more seen as a traitor to communism on their side, KJU would probably be pleased to invade much richer than NoKo Liaoning as well as Jilin province, so a one on one compensation of PLAAF+PLANAF+PAF jet-fighters would require about 1500 combat aircraft…OR the M88 engine which allows up to 11 missions per 24h!!! And also what I still haven’t seen recently except fit on the F-15EX :as the quintuple hardpoint is in fact a hardpoint added with 2 Sidewinder rails and a TER for 3 bombs, just like the one with 3 Brimstone on the 2nd picture. What is actually needed is a pylon where you can fit a Meteor on each side and adapt a TER with 3 more.Even w.o. structural mods, if Tejas Mk1/1A receives M88/98kN these are the weapon stations ratings:At 190kg/Meteor, this means 5 under Stations 1 & 2, then 4 Meteors under Stations 3 & 4, then 1 MICA-NG/IR under Stations 5 & 6 and only a 1200L drop tank under station 7.Thus, look at these idiots not considering the airframe reinforcement : with 1200kg, no Scalp EG or MBDA Apache or the 1500kg BrahMos-NG … Well, in 2016, DRDO said “The BrahMos NG will also be mountable on the LCA Tejas,” … Nope, 350kg more are needed for the Stations 1, 2 and 7!!!! Ever heard about the Ra'ad-II ? It’s a Paki optionally nuclear stealth cruise missile which fits as well under the JF-17 as well as under their old 2nd hand Mirage-III/5…At the present day, the ONLY aircraft in Indian inventory carrying a stealth cruise missile is Rafale…Now, I’m not well placed to tell India what to do, all I can state from where I live are the severe dysfunctionalities. I think that the collusions aimed at preventing IAF from getting the badly needed gear are numerous: if James Christian Michel has been exposed in cases implying AgustaWestland=Leonardo… Actually, this should mean that, under Indian law, Leonardo should be banned from Indian market for 10 years… Err… Leonardo co-builds the Typhoon, so does BAe… Oooops, BAe corruption for the Hawk jets, but hey, the practises of the company are well known all around the world … Meanwhile, the cabal implies Airbus and the Ghandis’ too and since Saab co-builds Gripen with BAe, add lockheed-Martin, Boeing and Sukhoi lobbying added with PRC’s and Pak’s stooges working at undermining the country from inside and you have a procurement nightmare.Now, since the CAG highlighted the impressive margin HAL makes on Su-30MKI kit assemblies, despite putting the M88 in Tejas Mk1 would make it better than the Mk2, my advice is that HAL is hoping to have the Mk2 and even the Mk1/1A not going further than the Marut and India ordering Gripen-E in kits then repeat the Su-30MKI shenanigan by overpricing the assembly?In fact, all these shenanigans that are putting the country’s security in jeopardy should be harshly punished…No matter if the culprits are into the corrupt politico-bureaucratic nexus, if they are HAL senior people, if they’re in the military, foreign arms dealers or middle-men, actually it should fall under treason laws with a nice marshal court taking care of the trial… Lobbying should nonetheless be sued as a form of corruption, when it comes to military procurement, lobbying as well as briberies should fall under treason and/or military espionage military-court cases.CONCLUSION: TEJAS BADLY NEEDS THE M88, in fact, TEJAS needs to become a “Super-Tejas”, and it needs to become it NOW! HAL must stop beating around the bush: Tejas MUST become nothing else than what it was intended to become before ADA bought the unfinished project from Dassaut in 1988 : a single engin version of Rafale intended to be better than Mirage-2000 while being smaller, thanks to the M88 instead of becoming another Mirage-2000, just like the Gripen-E, thanks to an US engine just desecrating the project.Moreover, I’ve started to study the potential of “Super-Tejas” as an export asset, with M88/98kN, RBE2/AA, OSF-IT and SPECTRA's ARC (Active Radar Cancellation). At $45-46M/unit and thanks to an annual cost of use of about $3M mark my words, if the advertising weights on the low cost of use, racks allowing to carry 18 Meteors (or other BVRAAMs) at once, the fact that the ARC as well as the IR low signature makes it 5th gen w.o. looking as having been designed by Picasso or Matisse and spending hours at re-coating like a chocolate fetishist will spend time covering his g/f with Nutella, so it can be pushed to 11 missions per 24h, the fact that OSF-IT will unstealth J-20, FC-31 (as well as F-35 or F-22 which may not please Uncle Sam, but who cares?), add that it can come with BrahMos-NG or SCALP-EG, SPICE-250, and even the Apache anti-runway missile, the sales potential is not in the hundreds, it’s in the THOUSANDS!!!