Form Boe 65 2016-2021: Fill & Download for Free

China is a miracle story.There are endless and infinite possibilities in terms of areas where China is better than rest of the World. Out of all the points I am going to mention, one is excruciatingly important.China has brought over 800 million people out of poverty and hunger & given them good housing, clothing, and education. All this in three decades. It lifted over 68 million people out of poverty in just 5 years! Nothing as beneficial to humanity has happened in the history of this world.Apart from this, here are the top most areas that come to my mind:Manufacturing:No bonus points here.From steel, electronics, textile to plastic products. Name any product and there is at least a 50% chance that China is an unbeatable manufacturing king in that industry!Bullet TrainsIt accounts for about two-thirds of the world's high-speed rail tracks in commercial service.It is the world's longest HSR network and is also the most extensively used.Picture this: China launched High Speed Train Operations Program in 2008 and by 2013, it had the World’s Largest High-Speed Train Network across the world. This speaks about endless opportunities of magnanimous possibilities in China.CitiesWhen the People’s Republic of China was founded in 1949, only about 10 percent of the country’s population lived in cities. Today, 10 percent of the world’s population – more than half of China’s citizens – lives in Chinese cities. Ten of the world’s fifteen fastest growing cities are in China, and at current growth rates China could add about 350 million people – more than the population of the United States – to its cities over the next two decades. By 2030, China’s urbanization level will rise to 65 percent.Chinese Cities are world-class with leading innovative infrastructure. There is so no country in the world which can compete with China on Urban Transformation.Subway Systems:With Rapid Urbanisation, China created behemoth subway systems.As of 2018, 32 Chinese Cities have subway systems and 13 more are under-construction. In 2011, only 11 Chinese Cities had subway system. So, picture this, 21 Chinese Cities got subway systems within 7 years. That’s a staggering 3 cities every year on average!The Shanghai Metro is the longest metro system by route length. The Beijing Subway is the metro system with the highest ridership.Forex ReservesAs of March 2018, China’s foreign reserves (ex. gold) (excluding Macau & HK) stood at $3,142,820 Million. That’s $3.14 Trillion. The closest competitor to China’s foreign reserves is Japan with $ 1.26 Trillion. The 3rd country is Switzerland with $737 Billion.China, again, is an unbeatable king in terms of Forex Reserves. This is largely due to Chinese Economy being a export based economy instead of consumption based. However, this is changing faster than you can imagine.BillionairesChina makes a new billionaire every 5 days. Yes, you read it right!To give you a perspective, over this past year, the US added only 19 new billionaires, while a total of 210 popped up in mainland China, Hong Kong, Macau, and Taiwan.For the third straight year, Beijing has been named as the billionaire capital of the world, with 131 billionaires residing in the city, 37 more than last year. New York City ranked second, followed by Hong Kong, Shenzhen, and Shanghai. Cities like Guangzhou, Hangzhou, Foshan, Chengdu, and Ningbo also made the top 30.Hurun Global Rich List 2018, has Tencent’s Pony Ma as the richest man in China (or Asia) with a net worth of $47 billion. Behind him is Xu Jiayin, the chairman of Guangzhou-based property giant Evergrande, who has had himself quite the year, increasing his wealth by 242% to $41 billion. Ever heard of Tencent/Tony Ma/Evergrande/Xu Jiayin? I guess, no?Other Chinese Billionaires and their cities:Luxury GoodsIn 2012, China surpassed Japan as the world's largest luxury market.According to the consulting firm McKinsey & Company, 80% of Chinese luxury goods buyers are under 45, compared with 30% of luxury goods buyers in the United States and 19% in Japan.Retail sales in China account for only 7% of global retail sales of luxury consumer goods; however, Chinese buyers account for 25% of global retail sales of luxury consumer goods. Many shops in international travel destinations have specialized staff devoted to Chinese customers.Interesting Fact: Ever heard of Kweichow Moutai? In 1972, notable Moutai aficionados was late premier Zhou Enlai, who toasted Richard Nixon with a shot glass of the liquor during a state banquet welcoming the former US president’s historical visit. Little did Zhou know back then, Baijiu distiller Moutai saw its market capitalisation hit record US$71.55bn, overtaking Johnnie Walker whisky maker Diageo’s market value of US$71.05bn in 2017. Thus, becoming the World’s Most Valuable Liquor Firm! Moutai is a luxury alcohol brand, a small example of Chinese Luxurious Appetite!Skyscrapers:In 2017, Across the globe, a grand total of 144 new buildings over 200 meters (660 feet) tall were constructed including 15 "supertall buildings" at least 300 meters (980 feet) high.Nowhere is more obsessed with building skywards than China. This year, China finished an impressive 76 buildings 200 meters tall or higher. The United States comes a very distant second, only building ten skyscrapers by comparison. South Korea rounds off the top-three with a grand total of seven while its isolated neighbor to the north completed four.Interesting Fact: Chinese construction firm has erected a 57-storey skyscraper in just 19 days! Talk about speed and efficiency!Tourism SpendingIn 2012, China became the world’s top spender in international tourism and has since led global outbound travel. Tourism expenditure from China surged from $24 billion in 2006 (3% of the world’s total) to $261 billion in 2016, or 21% of the world’s international tourism spending.Over 1,235 million international tourist arrivals were recorded globally in 2016, some 47 million more than in 2015, or an increase of 3.9%, according to the latest issue of the UNWTO World Tourism Barometer.Internet Industry:Let me simply stick to facts and data here:Market Size: China’s internet users grew in 2016 by the size of Ukraine’s population to 731 million. On another note, Tencent, a company you probably didn’t even know about, is bigger than Facebook!Internet Based Sharing Economy: In China, where dockless bike sharing began, shared bikes are now the third major mode of public transit. MoBike and Ofo, the two major Chinese bike-sharing companies, each has more than 7 million bikes in operation in more than 170 Chinese cities. Chinese cities’ high density—approximately 100,000 people per city block—makes every street corner a possible bike hub, with many sporting 20-30 bikes available at any one time.Mobile Payments: Mobile payment transactions in China reached a record 81 trillion yuan (US$12.8 trillion) from January to October in 2017, driven by the vast number of consumers across the country who have looked beyond credit cards to more convenient, cashless systems. To give you a perspective, this number dwarfed the estimated US$49.3 billion in total mobile payment transactions in the United States in 2017. “By 2021, 79.3 per cent of smartphone users in China will be tapping, scanning and swiping at the POS,” said eMarketer forecasting analyst Shelleen Shum. “By comparison, the US will have 23 per cent of smartphone users doing so, and in Germany it will be 15 per cent.”E-Commerce: Ecommerce sales in China are expected to pass $1.132 trillion in 2017, accounting for nearly half of the worldwide retail ecommerce sales. China’s ecommerce sales will account for 23.1% of all retail sales in China in 2017, however, this figure is expected to increase to 40.8% by 2021. China is the world’s largest ecommerce market with a significant lead on other markets including the US ($450.81bn), UK ($110.07bn) and Japan ($95.33bn).Indigenization: What sounds rather weird for rest of the world, is in fact, one of China’s Biggest Strength. Internet Limitation. By not allowing Google, Facebook and other ‘free world’ web services, China created an indigenous internet industry. Today, it is already World’s Largest. In this process, China created multiple Internet Conglomerates like Netease, 360, Alibaba, Tencent & Baidu. As of 2018, only 2 non-US companies by market capitalisation are Tencent & Alibaba.BanksList of Largest Banks in the world! Need I say more?Electric VehiclesSales of domestically built new energy passenger cars totaled over 1.2 million units between 2011 and 2017, of which, a total of 579,000 were sold in 2017, representing about half of global plug-in car sales in 2017The Chinese plug-in electric bus stock grew nearly sixfold over 2014, and almost doubled from 2015 to 2016BYD Auto was the world's top selling plug-in manufacturer with over 100,000 units sold in 2016, higher than Tesla.It is simply mind-boggling, that in 2012 China had all of 3,000 EV sales. The US was already at 52,000 at the time. Three years later, they have apparently crossed 200,000 sales for the year, with 35,000 EV sold in December 2015 alone.Interesting Fact: Shenzhen or should commonly be known as ‘One city in China has more electric buses than all of America’s biggest cities have buses’Solar EnergyChina has been the world's largest manufacturer of solar panels since 2008.By the end of 2016, total PV capacity had increased to over 77.4 GW, and in 2017 China was the first country to pass 100 GW of cumulative installed PV capacity.Industry projections estimated that, by the end of 2017, China would have enough manufacturing capacity to produce 51 GW of PV modules per year, an amount over twice as large as 2010's global production of 24 GW.China is the first country for solar water heating capacity in the world, with 290 GWth in operation at the end of 2014, accounting for about 70% of the total world capacity.In 2015, China became the world's largest producer of photovoltaic power, narrowly surpassing Germany. By the end of 2016, total PV capacity had increased to over 77.4 GW.China’s cumulative installed PV capacity in gigawatts since 2007:World’s Biggest Economic EntityLet me share something you would probably have never heard of.State-owned Assets Supervision and Administration Commission: As of 2017, its companies had a combined revenue of more than 23.4 trillion yuan (US$3.6 trillion) and an estimated stock value of 50 trillion yuan (US$7.6 trillion), making it the largest economic entity in the world.It is the World’s Largest Conglomerate. I would like to call it ‘World’s Largest Company’ but since they don’t officially call themselves as a company, so who am I..It was founded in 2003 through the consolidation of various other industry-specific ministries.Artificial Intelligence:Although, China is not the leader in AI currently. But, as it’s part growth story, it is on its way sooner than you think it is!In April 2018, CNN noted that the two AI startups with the highest evaluation, SenseTime (4.5 billion USD) and Yitu Technology (2.4 billion USD), are both Chinese.In 2017, China's patents in the artificial intelligence (AI) industry accounted for about 22 percent of the total globallyBy 2030, the State Council targets China to be the global leader in the development of artificial intelligence theory and technology. The State Council claims that China will have developed a "mature new-generation AI theory and technology system." If you read this answer from the beginning, you would realize that there are very few things that Chinese government doesn’t accomplish, whenever it’s serious about achieving something! AI is definitely not an exception.Overseas InvestmentsPrepare your seat belt for this one!Do you know who owns 25% of Hilton Group?Do you know who formed the world's first alliance of low-cost carriers, U-FLY Alliance?Do you know who owns Ingram Micro? (One of the largest distributor companies in the world, probably your iPhone was delivered to an Apple Store by them!)Who purchased Carlson Hotels (owner of the Radisson brand) which included a majority interest in US$7 billion in sales Carlson Rezidor Hotel Group of Brussels? It is also the largest shareholder of their competitor NH Hotel Group (third in the European ranking for business hotels).Who owns 8.8% of Deutsche Bank?Who owns 13% of Virgin Australia?Who owns Cassa Hotel New York ?Who owns Seaco (world's 5th largest marine container leasing company)?Who owns 48 percent stake in Aigle Azur, France's second largest airline?Who purchased TIP Trailer Services, Europe's largest truck and trailer leasing company ?Who owns 15% of Red Lion Hotels (Redline owns Holiday Inn, Ramada, and Quality Inn along with Holiday Inn Express, Fairfield Inn, and Hampton Inn)Who owns Swisport (providing airport ground and cargo handling services and active at more than 315 locations in 50 countries)?Who purchased Irish aircraft leasing company Avolon? Avolon, completed the purchase of CIT Group's aircraft leasing business for US$10.38 billion making them the 3rd largest aircraft leasing company in the world with a fleet of 868 aircraft.Who owns ICE - International Currency Exchange?Who purchased gategroup, the 2nd largest airline-catering company in the world?Who purchased 49.99% of Air France's catering and cleaning subsidiary, Servair? When combined with previously purchased Gategroup, they will own and operate the world's largest airline catering company.Who owns 25 percent of Hilton Worldwide Holdings Inc.?Who purchased 245 Park Avenue for $2.21 billion, one of the highest prices ever paid for a New York City skyscraper?Who owns 82.5% equity interest in Frankfurt–Hahn Airport?Who own 31.6% of Rio de Janeiro–Galeão International Airport - Brazil's second busiest airport?ANSWER - HNA Group. A conglomerate from China! Unbelievable?Keep your seatbelt on:-Who owns Volvo cars?Who owns 51% in Lotus Automobiles?Who owns the London Taxi Company?ANSWER : Geely Automobiles from China.Who owns Motorola?Who owns IBM's personal computer business?ANSWER: Lenovo, A Chinese technology company!Who owns 12% of Snapchat?Who owns 5% of Tesla?ANSWER : Tencent, the company that owns Wechat and is bigger than Facebook!Who owns Pirelli? And, is on the way to acquire Syngenta (world’s largest crop chemical producer. In 2009, it ranked third in seeds and biotechnology sales)ANSWER: ChemChina (Remember State-owned Assets Supervision and Administration Commission? ChemChina is a part of it)Who owns 41% in ElectraNet, a 19.9% stake in AusNet Services, and 60% stake in Jemena? (3 primary electricity transmission companies in Australia).ANSWER : Meet a company that generates more revenue than Apple Inc. and Boeing Co. combined and serves one in seven people on the planet. Meet, a company that may be buying power assets near you - State Grid Corporation of ChinaWho owns AC Milan (ranked as the eighth-wealthiest football club in the world by Forbes magazine as of 2014, making it the wealthiest in Italian football)ANSWER: Chinese investors Rossoneri Sport Investment LuxWho owns 13% of Manchester City FC?ANSWER: Chinese consortium, CMC.Who owns the famed Waldorf Astoria hotel in New York & Strategic Hotels & Resorts (which owns JW Marriot Essex House in New York and the Four Seasons in Washington)ANSWER: Anbang. The Financial Times has described Anbang as "one of China’s most politically connected companies.Who owns the appliance division of General Electric (It has 14% market share in the home appliance market in the United States)?ANSWER: HaierWho owns Legendary Entertainment (it produced films like The Dark Knight, Inception, Jurassic World and Straight Outta Compton, etc.)ANSWER: Wanda Group—————-The Chinese are absolute leaders in company acquisitions and investments. Somehow, they always a find a way to make a deal. Without knowing, you might be using a product/service which you may think is your countries’ company, but, mind you, check again!P.S. - If you know more such deals, please share them in comments. Thanks!—————-Sources- China lifting 800 million people out of poverty is historic: World Bank, China has built the world’s largest bullet-train network, China’s Urban Transformation, List of metro systems - Wikipedia, List of countries by foreign-exchange reserves (excluding gold) - Wikipedia, China is churning out a new billionaire every 5 days, Luxury goods of China - Wikipedia, Moutai now world’s most valuable liquor company, https://www.forbes.com/sites/niallmccarthy/2017/12/22/nowhere-comes-close-to-china-in-skyscraper-construction-infographic/#11a67736349f, List of cities with the most skyscrapers - Wikipedia, https://thepienews.com/news/china-accounts-for-21-of-international-tourism-spending/, List of public corporations by market capitalization - Wikipedia, Bike-sharing Data and Cities: Lessons From China’s Experience, China is leapfrogging credit cards and going straight to mobile payments, China’s ecommerce market to pass $1.1tn in 2017, List of public corporations by market capitalization - Wikipedia, List of largest banks - Wikipedia, Top 10 Countries in the Global EV Revolution: 2016 Edition, Electric car use by country - Wikipedia, China becomes a 'driving power' for solar energy with $86.5 billion invested last year, Solar power in China - Wikipedia, Artificial intelligence industry in China - Wikipedia, China's AI patents account for 22 pct of world's total: official, HNA Group - Wikipedia, Virgin Australia sells stake to China's HNA Aviation Group , China's Tencent takes 12 percent stake in Snap as shares plunge, Lenovo - Wikipedia, IBM - Wikipedia, How WeChat Owner Tencent Is Expanding Beyond China, ChemChina - Wikipedia, State Grid Corporation of China - Wikipedia, AC Milan sold for €740m to Chinese consortium in biggest-ever Far East investment in European game, The 5 Biggest Chinese Investments In The U.S. In 2016, Anbang - Wikipedia

When China finally wins her independence then legitimate foreign trading interests will enjoy more opportunities than ever before. The power of production and consumption of 450,000,000 people is not a matter that can remain the exclusive interest of the Chinese, but one that must engage the many nations. Our millions of people, once really emancipated, with their great latent productive possibilities freed for creative activity in every field, can help improve the economy as well as raise the cultural level of the whole world. Mao Zedong, July 13, 1936.Under WTO rules, America faces a policy dilemma.The per capita income disparity between itself and China sends jobs to China, but rising Chinese income–which slows the job drain–raises China’s aggregate national wealth and threatens US economic world dominance. The entire affair may turn out to be, as Omar Bradley might have said, the wrong trade war in the wrong place at the wrong time with the wrong enemy. Here’s a freeze-frame of the process:A NEGOTIATING DILEMMANegotiating skill is widely admired in China and one of its great practitioners, Xi Zhongxun–a civil war general at seventeen and provincial governor at twenty-three–would ride into the hills alone and emerge with entire rebel armies trotting behind him. Mao compared him to a famous negotiator in Dream of The Red Mansions and Xi coached his son, Jinping, until his death in 2002. Piquantly, Xi Junior’s first major negotiation is with an America’s leader who, by his own admission, is a great negotiator. This summarises the current state of play.Xi is offering to reshuffle China’s trade preferences if Trump publicly recognizes China as a peer–a fellow Great Power. Vice Premier Liu He spelled out Xi’s terms:All punitive, non-WTO tariffs, embargoes, and bans must be lifted before the agreement is finalized.All conditions in the agreement must apply equally to both parties.Xi’s original 2018 offer may be embellished but not substantively changed.China has twenty years to implement the terms of the agreement.Xi is offering Trump a tactical win in exchange for a strategic victory: If Trump fails to reach agreement, he dims his reelection hopes but, if he agrees to Xi’s terms and reverses his existing embargoes, he recognizes China as a peer and damages American credibility with the world.Remember that US officials repeatedly warned allies that dealing with Huawei endangered their security ties. If Trump withdraws its ban on Huawei, governments like Australia’s and New Zealand’s (both of which depend disproportionately on China’s good will and both of which capitulated and insulted China), will look like ungrateful weaklings and fools.COSTS AND BENEFITSAmerica is only China’s #3 trading partner (after the EU and ASEAN), though neither nation is a big trader: America’s trade accounts for only 26% of her GDP and China’s accounts for 37%, compared to 86% of Europe’s. And China’s economy is much bigger than America’s and growing much faster.Chinese imports in 2018 were 18.7% of GDP; US imports were 14.6% of GDP.Since this contest started, China has been reducing her reliance on trade with America (exports to the US fell 4.8% in 1H 2019) and increasing reliance on other trading partners.ASEAN replaced the US as China’s second-largest export market last year and the signing of the Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership later this year will boost the area’s trade significantly, while trade with Belt and Road countries is rising 17.2% annually.Exports to the EU rose 14.2% in 2018 and, though the EU-China Bilateral Investment Agreement was not due to come into force until next year, China has already granted all its benefits to European investors without demanding reciprocity.In Bloomberg’s worst-case scenario, China’s US trade would fall by 0.8% of GDP, or $126 billion, and US trade would fall by 0.5%, leaving the global pecking order unchanged. However, since Xi warned China in 2016 to prepare for this possibility–and since the Chinese heed their presidents’ words–the cost may be less severe than Bloomberg anticipates. Some mitigating factors:Huawei’s YOY handset shipments rose 50% in H1 2019 while Apple’s fell 30% and Samsung’s dropped 8%.Huawei has 65% of the world’s 5G equipment market. All four of the UK's wireless providers (EE, O2, Three, Vodafone) are using Huawei for their 5G networks.Two-thirds of the largest exporters in China are foreign-owned.There are thousands of US Corporations in China and Boeing sells more airplanes in China than anywhere else in the world and Walmart produces more goods from China than any other company in the world.US companies in China sell $600 billion annually into the Chinese domestic market–$100 billion more than China exports to the US–and generate net profits of $50+ billion annually.Tesla, Boeing, BMW of America, Exxon Mobil and Wal-Mart have announced new investments and factories in China since the trade war began and Japanese, South Korean, and European companies are expanding their footprints because their Chinese sales are growing six percent annually and American sales are flat.Of the production facilities operated by Apple's top suppliers, 357 are in China and 63 are in America and, next month, Apple will shif manufacturing of its new Mac Pro from Texas to China.The average Chinese tariff on US-made products is now 20.7%, compared to 6.7% on competing products from WTO-compliant countries.151 countries have filed WTO complaints against the US and 85 have filed against the EU, but only 43 have filed against China.By shortening its negative list for foreign investment from 63 items to 48 last month, China widened access to its primary, secondary and tertiary sectors and detailed 22 opening-up measures in finance, transportation, professional services, infrastructure, energy, resources and agriculture.China’s $7 trillion domestic consumer market has passed the US’s $6.94 trillion domestic market.Investors are flooding into China’s new Nasdaq-style high-tech board shares, making more startup capital available.Chinese cross-border e-commerce consumers bought $100 billion of goods from foreign sellers in 2017 and $128 billion in 2018.China Mobile, with one billion customers, awarded 34% of its 5G equipment contract to Ericsson and Nokia and 5% to state-owned ZTE.Since 2007 China’s global current-account surplus has fallen from 10% of GDP to 1.4%, yet America’s deficit is unchanged.FUN FACTSThe US Air Force plans to award China's DJI a contract for consumer UAVs for its 11th Security Forces Squadron at Joint Base Andrews, Md.The Holy See urged Chinese priests to get with the program and register with the Communist Gov't. It is possible that the next Pope will be a Chinese...Communist. I kid you not.THE CLASH OF CIVILIZATIONSTwenty years ago Samuel Huntington observed, “Civilizations grow because they have an instrument of expansion, a military, religious, political, or economic organization that accumulates surplus and invests it in productive innovations and they decline when they stop the application of surplus to new ways of doing things. In modern terms we say that the rate of investment decreases. This happens because the social groups controlling the surplus have a vested interest in using it for non-productive but ego-satisfying purposes which distribute the surpluses to consumption but do not provide more effective methods of production.”As this chart makes clear, the social groups controlling America’s surplus used it for non-productive, ego-satisfying purposes and distributed the surpluses to consumption but did not provide more effective methods of production:America cut R&D investment, shuttered its great corporate labs and fell from first to thirty-first in the world’s education rankings since 1974, while China did the opposite (that’s why, in the movie Crazy Rich Asians a father urges his kids to finish their dinner saying, “Think of all the starving children in America”). By mid-2021 every Chinese will have a home, a job, plenty of food, education, safe streets, health and old age care and there will be more suicides and more homeless, poor, hungry children and imprisoned people in America than in China. In absolute numbers.BITCHING AND MOANINGThough Trump charges that China infringes American IP rights, China's payments of licensing fees and royalties for the use of foreign technology have reached $30 billion annually, nearly a four-fold increase over the last decade. Court filings show that China is a minor IP infringer and, domestically, China's Progress on Intellectual Property Rights has been swift and substantial. Complaints about ‘forced’ contributions of IP to joint ventures are simply daft: US companies sign them voluntarily to make profits and open markets.SUBSIDIESThe US Government spends $4.5 billion annually to subsidize a cotton crop that’s sold for $6 billion and would otherwise be priced at $12 billion, allowing US growers to profitably export three quarters of their output and to control 40% of the world cotton trade. What the US loses in textile manufacturing it regains in subsidized cotton exports, high returns on investment from its overseas textile mills, and low-cost consumer cotton goods. The subsidy also ruins the economies of the world’s poorest nations. There are dozens of examples of this practice.There is an economic basis behind America’s antagonistic militancy towards China: the US won both previous world wars primarily by its war-time productive power, a fact that has not been forgotten by US policy-planners. While US manufacturing base has been seriously eroded by neo-liberal global trade in the last two decades, the prospect of a shooting war with China will relocate much of the lost manufacturing back to the US in short order. Regional Integration Without Empire. By Henry C.K. LiuTIMELINEChina is lowering tariffs and opening domestic markets to attract multinationals and foreign products in order to force domestic companies to innovate, which is why it is the world’s largest recipient of foreign direct investment. The most exciting activity has been on the hottest battleground, technology. Here’s a timeline:August, 2012, Huawei’s CEO, “It is out of strategic concern that we have decided to develop our own device OS. If they forbid us from using Android and Windows Phone 8 one day, will we be caught empty-handed and have nothing to do? When they refuse to sell things to us, our products can also be used as backups even though the quality is not as good as theirs.”August, 2015: US blocks Intel’s Xeon and Xeon Phi export license fearing their use in Chinese supercomputers.March 2016. China unveils the world's fastest computer, built entirely with domestic chips and IP.April, 2016: President Xi: “Core technology controlled by others is our greatest hidden danger.”September, 2017: Huawei unveils its Kirin 970 chipset with built-in AI, dedicated neural processing, 5.5 billion transistors/sq. cm., 25x performance and 50x efficiency of ARM’s quad-core Cortex-A73 CPU cluster, eliminating the need for optical fibre to link function blocks, drastically reducing cost, power consumption, weight & size of towers.December, 2017: China publishes 641 AI patents compared to America’s 13o in the preceding year, according to the US National Science Foundation, (NSF).January 3, 2018 “There are only two truly vertically integrated mobile OEMs who have full control over their silicon: Apple and Huawei. Huawei is more integrated due to in-house modem development. Huawei has been the one company to be competitive with current leader, Qualcomm”.January 18, 2018. China becomes the world’s largest producer of scientific research papers, 20% of total global output. (NSF)February 2, 2018: Intel allies with Tsinghua Unigroup Spreadtrum to develop 5G solutions using Intel’s XMM 8000 modems and Spreadtrum’s application processors targeting 5G modem chips for Chinese handset market by 2H19. Qualcomm shares fall 2 cents.February 14, 2018: US Congress labels Huawei “an arm of the Chinese government,” bans it from bidding on US government contracts.March 5, 2018: China’s IC industry grows 21% annually, from $13.6 billion in 2013 to $30 billion.March 11, 2018. Huawei owns 22.8% of 5G technology IP, the highest of any company in the world.March 22, 2018. China’s IP office received the highest number of patent applications in 2017, a record total of 1.38 million, followed by the USPTO (607,000), Japan (318,000), South Korea (205,000), and the European Patent Office (167,000). Those top five offices account for 84.5 percent of the world’s total recorded patent applications.Mar 27, 2018: Trump, Treasury block China investment in US tech firms, stocks, preventing Chinese investment in emerging technologies.April 16, 2018: US prohibits transactions with ZTE Corporation for seven years on the grounds that ZTE violated its 2017 Iran settlement agreement.April 26, 2018: Qualcomm begins layoffs.April 26, 2018: Huawei Criminally Investigated For Iran sales.May 1, 2018: Chinese partners take over ARM’s operations in China. ARM’s chip blueprint is used in ninety of mobile devices and Apple, Samsung, Huawei, Qualcomm, Broadcom and MediaTek license its technology to develop chipsets for smartphone, tablets, wearables and connected devices.July 8, 2018. Average senior managerial salaries reach $216,000 in China, competitive with Silicon Valley.July 12, 2018. More than three hundred senior Taiwanese engineers move to mainland chip makers, joining a thousand who already relocated.July 9, 2018 Chinese chipmaker Hygon manufactures Zen-based x86 CPUs under a licensing agreement it signed with AMD in 2016 that earned AMD $293 million in cash and will continue paying royalties on unit sales.August 28, 2018. USTR Section 301 reports China’s ‘unfair technology transfer regime’ and concentrates on transfers achieved through joint ventures, licensing agreements and Chinese purchases of foreign companies—all of which occurred because the foreign companies wanted to make the deals.September 3, 2018: Huawei unveils Kirin 980 CPU, the world's first commercial 7nm system-on-chip (SoC), with 40 percent less power consumption compared to 10nm systems and 20% more bandwidth and 22% lower latency than Qualcomm’s Snapdragon 845. Its L5 frequency GPS receiver delivers 10cm. positioning.September 5, 2018. China’s front-end fabs accounted for 16 percent of the world's semiconductor capacity and will capture 20 percent in 2020.September 15, 2018. China controls one third of 5G patents and has twice as many installations operating as the rest of the world combined.September 21, 2018. China has twelve of the world's top fifty IC design houses and 21% of global IC design revenues.October 2, 2018. Chinese research makes up 18.6% of global STEM peer-reviewed papers, ahead of America’s 18%.October 14, 2018. Huawei ships 7 nm Ascend 910 chipset for data centers, twice as powerful as Nvidia’s v100 and the first AI IP chip series to natively provide optimal TeraOPS per watt in all scenarios.October 8, 2018: Taiwan’s Foxconn moves its major semiconductor maker and five IC design companies to Jinan, China.October 22, 2018. China becomes world leader in venture capital, ahead of the US and almost twice the rest of the world’s $53.4 billion YTD. Crunchbase says the world’s entrepreneurial ecosystem is now driven by China.Oct 25 2018. Nokia confirms 'thousands' of job losses over the next two years after third-quarter profits drop.Oct. 31, 2018. Chinese airline reservations to the US dropped 42 percent for the first week of October and 102,000 fewer Chinese received business, leisure and educational visas from May through September, a 13 percent drop YOY.November 2, 2018. “The most valuable speech recognition companies, machine translation companies, drone companies, computer vision companies and facial recognition companies are all Chinese.”– Kaifu Lee.November 3, 2018. Apple announces it will not, and Huawei announces it will ship 5G handsets in 2019.November 17, 2018. Kai-Fu Lee said his investment firm may scale back in the U.S. and try to lure US talent to China instead of investing in America.Dec 6, 2018. Canada's Ministry of Justice announces arrest of Huawei’s CFO Meng adding, "She is sought for extradition by the United States.”December 7, 2018. 5G requires more base stations than existing networks and China has ten times more than the US: 5.3 sites per ten 10 square miles vs. 0.4 in the US.December 10, 2018. Governments and secret services in the non-Western world begin equipping themselves exclusively with Huawei to protect the confidentiality of their communications.December 17, 2018. By a vote of 121-8, the UN General Assembly approves the Declaration on the Rights of Peasants and other People Working in Rural Areas, formally extending human rights protections to farmers whose seed sovereignty is threatened by government and corporate IP practices. The United States, United Kingdom, Australia, New Zealand, Hungary, Israel, and Sweden vote ‘No.’December 21, 2018. Foxconn plans $9bn China chip project amid trade warDecember 22, 2018. China's Fourth Paradigm sells a second-generation AI product, a suite of AI software tools and a customised chip to process its algorithms, to the world's biggest banks to run complex algorithms on their data to detect fraud, identify customers and perform other analysis without needing highly trained engineers. (The world’s biggest, most profitable banks are Chinese)December 24, 2018. Chinese imports post a 14.6% rise for the first eleven months of 2018 to exceed US$2 trillion, a record, making China the most powerful trading nation by volume and dollar value.January 1, 2019. In 2018, China accounted for $52 billion in sales for Apple, and is its third-largest market. For Qualcomm, the figure is $15 billion, or about 65 percent of its total sales. Others include Intel (24 percent), Micron Technology (51 percent), and Texas Instruments (44 percent).January 7, 2019. Huawei Unveils the Industry’s Highest-Performance ARM-based CPU, the Kunpeng 920, a 7nm CPU that boosts the development of computing in big data, distributed storage, and ARM-native application scenarios by 20%.February 21, 2019. Huawei gear tests out as 30% more energy efficient than competitors and cuts connectivity cost-per-bit for by 80-90% compared to 4G. Its 5G base station is 40% of the size and weight of competing models and can be installed by two people in hours.THE PAST AS PRELUDEMidway in the sixteenth century China became the great repository of the early modern world's newly discovered wealth in silver. Long a participant in international maritime trade, China experienced the consequences of the greatly enlarged patterns in world trade. In that commerce China was essentially a seller of high-quality craft manufactures. Other countries could not compete either in quality or price. The colonies of the New World and the entire Mediterranean sphere of trade, from Portugal and Spain to the Ottoman Empire, began to complain that the influx of Chinese goods undermined their economies. F.W. Mote, Imperial China 900-1800.

I would never fly an Indonesian airline, how much is your life worth….According to data from the Aviation Safety Network, Indonesia has had 104 civilian airliner accidents with over 1,300 related fatalities since 1945, ranking it as the most dangerous place to fly in Asia.EXPLAINER: Why Indonesia's plane safety record is a concernIn June 2007, the European Union banned Garuda Indonesia, along with all other Indonesian airlines, from flying into any European country due to poor safety records.In Indonesia, there are 22 commercial scheduled airlineswith flights carrying more than 30 passengers (AOC 121), and 32 airlines that only operate flights with fewer than 30 passengers (AOC 135).[10][56] Some notable Indonesian airlines, among others, include:[57]Garuda Indonesia, the government-owned flag carrierof Indonesia.Citilink, the low-cost carrier subsidiary of Garuda Indonesia group.Lion Air, currently the largest private low-cost carrier airline in Indonesia.Batik Air, the premium subsidiary of Lion Air group.Wings Air, the regional short-haul subsidiary of Lion Air group, connecting towns and small regional airports.Sriwijaya Air, currently the largest medium service regional carrier in Indonesia, also the country's third largest carrier.NAM Air, regional short-haul subsidiary of Sriwijaya Air, also using "Medium Service" concept.Indonesia AirAsia, the Indonesian branch of Malaysian-based AirAsia.Xpress Air, a medium service regional airline. Mostly serving cities in eastern and central Indonesia, but also have several routes in western Indonesia.Trigana Air, a medium service regional airline serving towns and small regional airports with small aircraft. Mainly serving eastern and central Indonesia.TransNusa, a medium service regional airline serving towns and small regional airports with small aircraft. Mainly serving Nusa Tenggara routes.Susi Air, regional airline serving towns and small regional airports with small aircraft. Started as a chartered cargo airline carrying fresh seafood from Pangandaran to Jakarta, owned by Susi Pudjiastuti.Aviastar, domestic passenger airline started as a helicopter charter services company with various leased helicopters, now is an established company dealing with air transportation services either for chartered flights or schedule flights.Aviation market share in Indonesia (2015)[58]Lion Air (41.6%)Garuda Indonesia (23.5%)Sriwijaya Air (10.4%)Citilink (8.9%)Wings Air (4.7%)Indonesia AirAsia (4.4%)Others (6.5%)In mid 2015, Lion Air rules Indonesia's domestic air travel market share by 41.6 percent, while Garuda Indonesia came in second with 23.5 percent share. Sriwijaya Air came in third with a market share of 10.4 percent, followed by Garuda's low-cost subsidiary Citilink (8.9 percent) and Lion Air's short-haul subsidiary Wings Air (4.7 percent). Indonesia AirAsia, a unit of the Malaysian budget airline, had a 4.4 percent market share.[58]Overall, Indonesian domestic air travel business is overwhelmingly ruled by two groups; Lion Air group and Garuda Indonesia group. By mid 2015, Lion Air group accounted for 43.17 percent of market share, while Garuda Indonesia group had a 37.08 percent market share.[59]from Wikipedia…List of aviation accidents and incidents in Indonesia - Wikipedia1930s6 October 1937: a KLM Douglas DC-3-194B "Specht" (PH-ALS) crashed just after takeoff from Talang Betoetoe Airport, killing four of 12 on board. The number one engine failed, causing a fire. Although the pilot cut fuel to the engine, the aircraft could not gain altitude on the remaining engine.[20]1940s22 January 1940: a KNILM Lockheed 14-WF62 Super Electra (PK-AFO) lost altitude after takeoff from Denpasar Airport in Bali and crashed into the Indian Ocean after a wingtip struck the water, killing 8 occupants and leaving only 1 survivor.[21]6 December 1941: Dutch Navy Consolidated PBY-5 Catalina Y-44 crashed at Tandjong Pandan, killing five.[22]29 December 1941: a KNILM Douglas DC-3-194B "Nandoe" (PK-ALN) was destroyed on the ground by Japanese fighters while parked at Polonia Airport.[23]29 December 1941: a BOAC Short Empire Mk.I "Cassiopeia" (G-ADUX) crashed on takeoff off Sabang after it struck debris, killing four.[24]30 January 1942: a Qantas (leased from Imperial Airways) Short Empire "Corio" (G-AEUH) was shot down by seven Japanese Mitsubishi A6M Zero aircraft and crashed 3 nmi from the mouth of the Noelmini River; 13 of 18 on board died in the attack.3 March 1942: a KNILM Douglas DC-3-194B "Pelikaan" (PK-AFV) was attacked and shot down by three Japanese Mitsubishi A6M2 Zero aircraft, whom returning to base after attacking Broome in Western Australia, causing the evacuation flight from Bandung to force-land at Carnot Bay, 90 kilometers north of Broome; three passengers and one crew member (J.F.M. Blaauw, mechanic) died during a later strafing attack.[25]August 1943: an Imperial Japanese Airways Nakajima L2D (J-BIOA) was shot down near Sulawesi.[26]24 January 1945: an Imperial Japanese Airways Nakajima L2D (J-BKOA) disappeared between Denpasar and Surabaya.[27]29 July 1947: an Orissa State Government Douglas C-47B (VT-CLA) was shot down by a Royal Dutch Indies Army Curtiss P-40. The C-47 went into a dive, crashing into trees and later into rice paddies in Ngoto, Bantul and broke up, killing eight of nine on board; only the tail remained intact. The C-47 was chartered by the Indonesian government to deliver Malaysian Red Cross supplies. Dutch authorities claimed that they were not informed of the flight and that the aircraft had no Red Cross markings.[28]25 October 1948: a Pacific Overseas Airlines C-47 (HS-PC103) crashed off Sumatra Island; the aircraft was probably shot down by Dutch pilots.[29]2 December 1949: a Bataafse Petroleum Maatschappij (BPM) Boeing-Canada Canso B(PK-AKC) crashed on landing at Muntok Bay during a survey flight, killing six of 11 on board.[30]1950s17 November 1950: a Garuda Indonesia Airways Douglas C-47A-65-DL (DC-3) overran the runway into a ditch while landing at Juanda Airport, killing 2 crew aboard, while 20 passengers and a crew member survived.[31]11 April 1955: An Air India Lockheed L-749A Constellation was en route from Hong Kong to Jakarta when it exploded in mid-air and crashed into the waters off the coast of the Natuna Islands; 16 people were killed in the crash and three survived. A time bomb had been placed on the aircraft in an attempt to assassinate Chinese Premier Zhou Enlai.[32]16 July 1957: KLM Flight 844 was taking off from Biak Airport in West Papua when it plunged into Cenderawasih Bay. Out of 68 people on board, only 10 people survived the accident. The cause of the crash was never determined.1960s24 January 1961: Garuda Indonesia Flight 424, a Douglas C-47A (PK-GDI), struck the western slope of Mount Burangrang, (15 km north of Bandung), killing all 21 occupants aboard. The DC-3 took off from Jakarta for a flight to Bandung, Yogyakarta and Surabaya; wreckage was found four days later.[33]3 February 1961: Garuda Indonesia Flight 542 Douglas C-47 went missing while flying over the Java Sea. All 5 crew and 21 passengers on board were believed to have been perished.[34]1 January 1966: The only known mid air collision in Indonesia, two Garuda Indonesia C-47A collided in mid-air near Palembang, killing all 34 on board both aircraft.[35][36]16 February 1967: Garuda Indonesia Flight 708 crashed on landing at Manado due to pilot error, killing 22 of 92 on board.[37]28 May 1968: a Garuda Indonesia Convair 990 bound for Karachi, Pakistan crashed into the sea shortly after taking off from Bombay Santa Cruz Airport. All 29 people on board (15 passengers and 14 crew members) died. In addition, there was one casualty on the ground.[38]1970s1971–197210 November 1971: A Merpati Nusantara Vickers Viscount 828 (PK-MVS) "Sabang" crashed into the sea 75 miles (121 km) off Sumatra killing all 69 people on board.[39]5 April 1972: a Merpati Nusantara Vickers Viscount was the subject of an attempted hijacking. The hijacker was killed.[40]197328 February 1973: A Merpati Nusantara Airlines DHC-6 crashed into terrain near Nabire, Papua, killing all 13 on board.1974Edit22 April 1974: Pan Am Flight 812 crashed into a hillside at Grogek, North Bali. The flight was a scheduled international flight from Hong Kong to Sydney, Australia, with an intermediate stop at Denpasar, Bali, Indonesia. All of the 96 passengers and 11 crew on board were killed.[41]7 September 1974: a Garuda Indonesia Fokker F-27 crashed on approach to Tanjung Karang-Branti Airport. The aircraft crashed short of the runway while on approach in limited visibility. The aircraft eventually struck buildings near the runway and caught fire. 33 out of 36 people on board perished.[42]1975–1979Edit24 September 1975: Garuda Indonesia Flight 150 crashed on approach to Palembang Airport. The accident, which was attributed to poor weather and fog, killed 25 out of 61 passengers and one person on the ground.[43]4 November 1976: a Bali International Air Service Fokker F-27 was landing at Banjarmasin Airport when one of its propeller auto-feathered due to crew error. The plane crashed into the side of the runway and burst into flames. 29 out of 38 people on board were killed in the crash.[44]7 February 1977: a Merpati Nusantara Douglas C-47A PK-NDH was damaged beyond economic repair in a landing accident at Tanjung Santan Airport.[45]29 March 1977: A Merpati Nusantara DHC-6 Twin Otter stalled and crashed into the woods in Sulawesi after the pilot made an erroneous maneuver to evade an imminent collision with terrain. 13 people out of 23 people on board were killed.[46]5 October 1978: A Merpati Nusantara Douglas C-47A (PK-NDI) burned out whilst parked at Ngurah Rai International Airport, Bali.[47]11 July 1979: a Garuda Indonesia Fokker F-28 on a domestic flight hit a volcano on approach to Medan Airport, Indonesia. All 61 people on board were killed.[48]1980sEdit1981Edit12 January 1981: a Garuda Indonesia Douglas DC-10-30 PK-GIB overran the runway on landing at Ujung Pandang Airport, Sulawesi, Indonesia and was substantially damaged. The aircraft subsequently returned to service.[49]28 March 1981: Garuda Indonesia Flight 206, a McDonnell Douglas DC-9-32, PK-GNJ "Woyla", was hijacked on a domestic flight from Palembang to Medan by five heavily armed hijackers. The hijackers diverted the flight to Penang, and then to Bangkok. The hijackers demanded the release of 84 political prisoners in Indonesia. On the third day of the hijacking (31 March 1981) the airplane parked in Bangkok Don Muang International Airport was stormed by Indonesian commandos One of the commandos was shot, probably by his comrades, as was the pilot, also probably by Indonesian commandos. The rest of the hostages were released unharmed. Two of the hijackers surrendered to the Thai commandos, but they were killed by the Indonesian commandos on the plane taking them back to Jakarta.[50][51]1982Edit20 March 1982: a Garuda Indonesia Fokker F-28 on a domestic flight overran the runway at Tanjung Karang-Branti Airport in bad weather. The aircraft subsequently burst into flames killing all 27 people on board.[52]24 June 1982: British Airways Flight 9 from Kuala Lumpur to Perth, flew into a cloud of volcanic ash thrown up by the eruption of Mount Galunggung in West Java while flying over Indian Ocean, resulting in the failure of all four engines. The aircraft was diverted to Jakarta while gliding out the ash cloud. All engines were successfully restarted, although one failed again soon after, allowing the aircraft to land safely at the Halim Perdanakusuma Airport in Jakarta.[53][54]1984–1987Edit30 December 1984: a Garuda Indonesia DC-9-30 on a domestic flight touched down too late and overran through a ditch, trees and a fence at Ngurah Rai International Airport. The aircraft broke in 3 and caught fire. All 75 on board survived.[55]4 April 1987: Garuda Indonesia Flight 035, a Douglas DC-9-30, struck power lines and crashed short of the runway at Polonia International Airport due to possible windshear, killing 23 of 45 on board.[56]1990sEdit1992Edit24 July 1992: Mandala Airlines Flight 660 – PK-RVU, a Vickers Viscount 816, was flying from Makassar, South Sulawesi to Ambon, Maluku. Suddenly a strong gust of wind from above caused the plane to lose altitude rapidly. It slammed into the side of Inahau Hill in Mount Lalaboy. All 70 people on board perished. Investigators concluded the strong wind and pilot error were the cause of the crash.18 October 1992: Merpati Nusantara Airlines Flight 5601, an IPTN/CASA CN-235-10 (PK-MNN) struck the side of Mount Papandayan while on approach to Bandung, Indonesia, killing all 31 people on board. The plane lost contact with control tower while above Mount Puntang. A search and rescue team found the debris of the plane and no survivors. Merpati's sole female pilot was among the dead.[57]1993Edit1 July 1993, Merpati Nusantara Airlines Flight 724, a Fokker F28 Friendship, smashed into a hill and impacted on water after the crew lost control of the plane whilst on final approach to Jefman Airport in Sorong, Papua. 41 people were killed.1994Edit30 November 1994, Merpati Nusantara Airlines Flight 422, a Fokker F28 overran the runway at Achmad Yani International Airport with no casualties among the 85 on board.[58]1995Edit10 January 1995: Merpati Nusantara Airlines Flight 6715, a de Havilland Canada DHC-6(PK-NUK) "Sangihe", went missing over the Molo Strait between Flores and Rincaislands. As of November 2016, the aircraft was never found. Search and rescue operation were called off. All 14 people on board were presumed dead.[59]1996Edit7 December 1996: Dirgantara Air Service Flight 5940, a CASA C-212 Aviocar was taking off from Banjarmasin when one of its engine suddenly malfunctioned. The pilot had attempted to return to airport. However, it failed to reach its intended destination and crashed into an industrial factory, killing 18 people including 3 on the ground. 1 passenger survived the crash.1997Edit19 April 1997: Merpati Nusantara Airlines Flight 106 – The plane was on approach to Buluh Tumbang Airport in Belitung when it suddenly stalled and banked to the left. It then crashed into the ground, killing 15 people. Investigators concluded pilot error was the cause of the accident.17 July 1997: Sempati Air Flight 304 – A Fokker F27 crashed onto a residential area near Bandung after one of its engines caught fire and failed in flight. 28 people were killed.26 September 1997: Garuda Indonesia Flight 152, an Airbus A300B4-220 flying from Jakarta to Medan, crashed in Sibolangit, 18 miles (29 km) short of Medan airport in low visibility, killing all 234 people on board. Airborne searchers and National Search and Rescue Agency later found that the plane crashed 25 km south of Medan killing 234 passengers and crews on board. The plane impacted terrain due to ATC error, and didn't aware that the plane was in close proximity to terrain as there were no visual references due to 1997 Southeast Asian haze. It is the deadliest aviation incident in Indonesia.[60]19 December 1997: SilkAir Flight 185, operated by a Boeing 737-300 plunged into the Musi River in Sumatra during a routine flight from Jakarta to Singapore, killing all 104 people on board. The US NTSB concluded that the crash resulted from an intentional act by a pilot, most likely the captain. NTSB stated that the plane crashed due to suicide by pilot, while Indonesian investigators couldn't determined the cause as because of lack of evidence. The Los Angeles County Superior Court suggested that the cause of crash was due to rudder failure.[61][62]2000sEdit2000Edit18 November 2000: Dirgantara Air Service Flight 3130 failed to take off from Datah Dawai Airport in East Kalimantan and crashed to nearby forest due to overloading. No passengers or crew were killed however everyone was injured. Investigation found an astonishing fact that the pilot voluntarily endangered the occupants by accepting bribes to let a handful of passengers board the already fully loaded aircraft.2002Edit14 January 2002: Lion Air Flight 386, a Boeing 737-200 crashed on take-off and was written off at Sultan Syarif Kasim II International Airport. Everyone on board survived.[63]Garuda Indonesia Flight 421 after its "successful" ditching, dubbed as "Miracle Flight" in Indonesia16 January 2002: Garuda Indonesia Flight 421 en route from Lombok to Yogyakarta was forced to make an emergency landing in poor weather on the Bengawan Solo River, due to an engine flameout caused by water and hail ingestion. In the process, the cabin floor suddenly ripped, causing two flight attendants to be sucked out. One person, a stewardess, was killed in the accident. The remaining 59 people survived.[64]2004Edit7 September 2004: human rights activist Munir Said Thalib was murdered on Garuda Indonesia Flight 974. Garuda's CEO at the time, Indra Setiawan, his deputy Rohainil Aini, and pilot Pollycarpus Priyanto were all convicted of his murder. Garuda was found negligent in refusing to perform an emergency landing and was ordered to pay compensation to Munir's widow. The airline then failed to pay the compensation.[65]30 November 2004: Lion Air Flight 583, a McDonnell Douglas MD-82, was landing during a rainy condition at Adisumarmo International Airport when it overran the runway and crashed onto an embankment and a cemetery. 25 people died.[66]2005Edit5 September 2005: Mandala Airlines Flight 91 shook violently, stalled and crashed into a residential neighborhood in Medan, North Sumatra. A total of 149 people were killed in Indonesia's deadliest air disaster involving ground fatalities. Flight crew took-off with flaps and slats retracted.2006Edit11 February 2006: Adam Air Flight 782, registration number PK-KKE (c/n 23773), lost navigational and communications systems twenty minutes into a flight from Jakarta to Makassar, Sulawesi. The plane was subsequently flown into a radar "black spot" and was lost for several hours, eventually making an emergency landing at Tambolaka Airport, Sumba.[67]4 March 2006: Lion Air Flight 8987, a McDonnell Douglas MD-82, crashed after landing at Juanda International Airport. Reverse thrust was used during landing, although the left thrust reverser was stated to be out of service. This caused the aircraft to veer to the right and skid off the runway, coming to rest about 7,000 feet (2,100 m) from the approach end of the runway. There were no fatalities, but the aircraft was badly damaged.[68]24 December 2006: Lion Air Flight 792, a Boeing 737-400, landed with an incorrect flap configuration and was not aligned with the runway. The plane landed hard and skidded along the runway causing the right main landing gear to detach, the left gear to protrude through the wing and some of the aircraft fuselage to be wrinkled. There were no fatalities, but the aircraft was written off.[69]2007Edit1 January 2007: ATC lost contact with Adam Air Flight 574 en route from Surabaya (SUB) to Manado (MDC). The aircraft, a Boeing 737-400 with registration code of PK-KKW (c/n 24070), had 96 passengers and 6 crew. On 10 January, parts of the aircraft's tail stabilizer were found 300 meters offshore in Makassar Strait.[70] All 102 people were killed.Adam Air Flight 172.21 February 2007: Adam Air Flight 172, a Boeing 737-300 aircraft flying from Jakarta to Surabaya with registration PK-KKV (c/n 27284), had a hard landing at Juanda International Airport. The incident caused the fuselage of the plane to crack and bend at the middle, with the tail of the plane drooping towards the ground. There were no reports of serious injuries from the incident.[71][72]7 March 2007: Garuda Indonesia Flight 200, a Boeing 737-400 flying from Jakarta to Yogyakarta, bounced three times after suffering a hard landing at Adisucipto International Airport, Yogyakarta. The aircraft overran the runway and crashed onto a nearby embankment. 21 people were killed. Investigators found the pilot did not extend the flaps to the recommended position and was fixated on landing the aircraft immediately, even though it was traveling too fast.[73]2008Edit10 March 2008: an Adam Air Boeing 737-400 aircraft flying from Jakarta to Batam with registration PK-KKT (c/n 24353), skidded 75 metres off the end of the runway while landing in Batam. All passengers survived and two were treated for shock. The plane sustained damage to one wing.[74][75]2009EditThe wreckage of Mimika Air Flight 514, seen on the slope of Mt. Gergaji23 February 2009: Lion Air Flight 972, a McDonnell Douglas MD-82 landed without the nose gear at Hang Nadim International Airport, Batam.[76]9 March 2009: Lion Air Flight 793, a McDonnell Douglas MD-90-30 (registration PK-LIL) ran off the runway at Soekarno–Hatta International Airport. No-one was injured.[77]17 April 2009; Mimika Air Flight 514, a Pilatus Porter PC-6 crashed upside down into Mount Gergaji, Papua, killing all 11 people on board. Investigators blamed the pilot for the crash.2 August 2009: Merpati Nusantara Airlines Flight 9760, a de Havilland Canada DHC-6 crashed on the island of New Guinea, about 14 miles (23 km) north of Oksibil. All 16 people on board were killed. Pilot error was blamed for the controlled flight into terrain(CFIT).[78]3 December 2009: a Merpati Nusantara Fokker 100 PK-MJD made an emergency landing at El Tari Airport, Kupang when the left main gear failed to extend. There were no injuries among the passengers and crew.[79]2010sEdit2010EditMerpati Flight 836 overran the runway in Manokwari, crashed and split into two in April 201013 April 2010: Merpati Nusantara Airlines Flight 836 – A Boeing 737 operated by Merpati Airlines overran the runway in Manokwari with 109 people on board. The plane impacted terrain and broke up into three pieces. All 109 people on board survived; 44 people suffered minor injuries.2 November 2010: Lion Air Flight 712, a Boeing 737-400 (registration PK-LIQ) overran the runway on landing at Supadio Airport, Pontianak, coming to rest on its belly and sustaining damage to its nose gear. All 174 passengers and crew evacuated by the emergency slides, with few injuries.[80]2011Edit7 May 2011: a Merpati Nusantara Xian MA60 PK-MZK, operating on the Sorong-Kaimana route, crashed onto the sea several meters from Kaimana Airport. The aircraft was on approach to Kaimana in Papua when it impacted water 500 meters from the runway. A total of 25 people were killed in the incident. The Captain chose to abort landing and performed a sharp left turn. It was also revealed that the Captain didn't retract the flaps properly causing the plane to lose altitude rapidly.[81]29 September 2011: Nusantara Buana Air Flight 823 – As the aircraft flying quite low over Gunung Leuser National Park, the crews encountered a thick cloud. Knowing that there were no other options as there were no gaps between the cloud, thus forcing them to fly into the cloud. But without any visual reference, the plane lost altitude and impacted terrain. All 18 people were killed.3 December 2011, a Merpati Nusantara CASA C-212 Aviocar passenger plane sustained substantial damage in a landing accident at Larat-Watidar Airport, Indonesia. There were three crew members and 19 passengers on board. Two passenger suffered minor injuries.[82]2012EditA graffiti in Solo regarding the Mount Salak Sukhoi Superjet 100 crash9 May 2012: a Sukhoi Superjet 100 aircraft crashed on a demonstration flight operating from Halim Perdanakusuma Airport, Jakarta, Indonesia.[83] The aircraft hit the cliff in Mount Salak, a volcano in the province of West Java, killing all 37 passengers and 8 crew aboard. The plane was on a demonstration flight in Indonesia, carrying potential customers and reporters. But few minutes later the plane impacted Mount Salak with 'no chance of survival'. Final reports indicated that the crews ignored the Terrain Warning System. They thought that the warning system was broken so they turned off the warning system while enganging in a conversation with a potential customer. Unbeknownst to them that the plane was in extreme proximity with terrain.[84][85]2013Edit13 April 2013: Lion Air Flight 904, a Boeing 737-800 (registration PK-LKS; c/n 38728) from Bandung to Denpasar with 108 people on board, crashed into the water near Ngurah Rai International Airport, Bali, while attempting to land. The aircraft's fuselage broke into two parts. While Indonesian officials reported the aircraft crashed short of the runway, reporters and photographers from Reuters and the Associated Press indicated that the plane overshot the runway. All passengers and crew were evacuated from the aircraft and there were no fatalities.[86]10 June 2013: a Xian MA60 PK-MZO, operating Merpati Nusantara Airlines Flight 6517from Bajawa to Kupang with 50 people on board, crash-landed at Kupang airport in East Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia. Twenty five passengers were injured. The aircraft, which has been damaged beyond repair, lay on its belly on the runway with its engines jammed face down into the tarmac and its wings bent forward.[87]6 August 2013: Lion Air Flight 892, a Boeing 737-800 (registration PK-LKH; c/n 37297) from Makassar to Gorontalo with 117 passengers and crew on board, collided into a cow in Jalaluddin Airport. All people on board survived.[88]2014Edit1 February 2014: Lion Air Flight 361, a Boeing 737-900ER (registration PK-LFH; c/n 35710), from Balikpapan Sultan Aji Muhammad Sulaiman Airport to Ngurah Rai International Airport in Denpasar/Bali via Juanda International Airport in Surabaya, with 222 passengers and crew on board, landed hard and bounced four times on the runway, causing a tail strike and substantial damage to the plane. There were no casualties, but two passengers were seriously injured and three others had minor injuries.[89]Tail section of Indonesia AirAsia Flight 850128 December 2014: The Indonesia AirAsia Flight 8501aircraft, operating the route from Surabaya to Singapore, crashed into the Java Sea during bad weather, killing all 155 passengers and seven crew on board. A little crack in solder caused a significant electrical interruption to the rudder travel limiter. The crews tried to fix the problem, but just made it worse as they pulled the circuit breakers off, causing protection system to go off. Subsequent miscommunication later caused the plane to plunge into the Java Sea. Had the crews not pulled the circuit breakers, the flight would have made it through to their destination. It remains the third deadliest accident in Indonesia.[90]2015Edit30 June 2015: an Indonesian Air Force Lockheed C-130 Hercules crashed near a residential neighbourhood with 12 crew and 109 passengers on board shortly after taking off from Medan, killing all aboard, along with 22 people on the ground.[91]16 August 2015: Trigana Air Service Flight 267 – The ATR 42 was on final leg to Oksibil Airport when it suddenly slammed into Tangok Mountain, few miles from the airport. Search and rescue teams found that none of the 54 people on board survived the crash. Both black boxes were retrieved by the National Transportation Safety Committee (KNKT). A preliminary report indicated the plane hit the terrain instantaneously, indicating a CFIT.Crash site of Aviastar Flight 75032 October 2015: Aviastar Flight 7503 – Missing over Sulawesi, SAR team later found that debris have been found in Latimojong Mountain. As they reach the crash site, there were no survivors found. All 10 people on board were killed in the crash.2016Edit4 April 2016: Batik Air Flight 7703 – While taking off from Halim Perdanakusuma Airport in Jakarta, the Boeing 737-800's left wingtip collided with a towed (across the active runway) TransNusa Air Services ATR 42-600. The wingtip sliced off the ATR 42's left wing and vertical stabilizer, destroying it. The Boeing's left wing then caught fire. All passengers and crew were evacuated unharmed.14 June 2016: A Cessna Citation 208 Grand Caravan belonging to Associated Mission Aviation (AMA) crashed into three traditional honai houses in Papua. Seven people were injured, including the American pilot.2018Edit29 October 2018: Lion Air Flight 610 – Less than 15 minutes after taking off from Soekarno–Hatta International Airport, the Boeing 737 MAX 8 crashed into the Java Sea. 189 people were pronounced dead, making it the second-deadliest air disaster in the country's history.2019Edit28 June 2019: Indonesian Army – A military Mi-17 helicopter with registration number HA-5138 carrying twelve people crashed on a flight from Oksibil to Jayapura in Papua province, killing all on board and their military weapons and ammunitions were seized by the Free Papua Movement rebels. [92][93][94]2020sEdit2020Edit23 March 2020: Indonesian Air Force - A CASA/IPTN CN-235 with registration number A-2909 cargo plane was shot with five bullets from an M-16 assault rifle by a faction of the Free Papua Movement while flying over Serambakon district in Oksibil, Bintang regency, Papua, from Sentani, Jayapura. The Free Papua Movement rebels took responsibility through its spokesperson, Sebby Sambom, who resides in Papua New Guinea.[95][96]12 May 2020: Mission Aviation Fellowship – An American pilot Joyce Chaisin Lin, 40, died when her plane malfunctioned while she was on her way to deliver Covid-19 rapid test kits to a remote Indonesian village in Mamit Sentani, in Papua province, in a Quest Kodiakaircraft. She was a missionary with the Mission Aviation Fellowship, in an effort to bring test kits to the local clinic. Within minutes of takeoff, she reported an emergency but the aircraft fell into Lake Sentani[97][98]6 June 2020: Indonesian Army – A Russian-built Mi-17 helicopter of the Indonesian military on a training mission, about an hour after taking off from the provincial capital, Semarang crashed into an industrial area in Kendal, Central Java, killing 4 people, five others were hospitalized with serious injuries.[99]2021Edit9 January 2021: Sriwijaya Air Flight 182 - Shortly after taking off from Soekarno–Hatta International Airport, the Boeing 737-500 went missing and debris was later found amid the Kepulauan Seribu islands off Jakarta.[100] All 62 passengers and crew on board are presumed dead (as of 16 January 2021). This accident is currently under investigation.