References On The American Indian - Natural Resources: Fill & Download for Free

Native Americans are not portrayed in Hollywood as warlike and bloodthirsty, at least not in movies made in the last seventy years.While a good many Native American tribes were warlike and bloodthirsty, there was a general belief in Hollywood,, in the aftermath of World War II, that using them as generic savage villains was unfair and racist. Consequently, Native Americans in major Hollywood films from the post-war period were far more likely to be depicted as “noble savages” or “misunderstood.”Jeff Chandler and Jimmy Stewart talk peace in Broken Arrow in 1950By the mid-sixties, with racism in movies under constant attack in the media and in Hollywood, there were a few films that came out depicting the “cavalry” and the “cowboys” as villains. About that time, the American western genre collapsed in favor of Italian westerns, most of which were cartoonish bloodbaths in which heroes killed dozens of generic Anglo and Mexican Bad Guys over the course of the film with little or no reference to Native Americans.The Spaghetti Western formula was the classic American Western stripped of everything but generic period details and relentless violence. Some of them featured a hundred or more deaths by gunfire, killing more humans in a few days of plot than several historical “Indian Wars” featured in several years of fightingBy the end of the 70s, the Spaghetti Western narrative had virtually eradicated traditional American Westerns. When Native American characters appeared in movies, they were generally isolated, not part of any community, and served as stoic observers of the White man’s murderously violent nature.Chief Dan George served as the stoic Native American onlooker in The Outlaw Josey Wales, a standard Clint Eastwood vengeance plot in which he methodically executes former American soldiers who killed his comrades at the end of the American Civil WarReferring back to “Hollywood movies” for a cultural or political reference on views of Native Americans should be an obsolete concept, considering that most Americans have never seen a traditional western where they were anything but a token presence. They only know about those old westerns second hand, as the stereotypes are routinely brought up in school lectures on ethnic history and racism.Hostiles, from 2017, is a typical modern Western. Wes Studi is the Cheyenne chief who is being released after being imprisoned in Oklahoma. Inexplicably, instead of someone giving him a train ticket so he can travel to the reservation in Montana by himself, he has to be escorted on horseback by an army officer. As the movie exists in the Spaghetti Western universe, the journey takes the characters through country populated by grizzled racist sociopaths who have to be mercilessly killed. Curiously, this is called a “revisionist” Western, even though it shares its tropes and cliches with almost every western made in the last half-century.All that said, there were more than five hundred different Native American cultures between the Rio Grande and the Arctic Circle when European colonization began in temperate North America in the 17th Century. Some tribes were routinely peaceful. Some were predatory. Many were capable of gruesome violence, like tribal peoples on every continent, when they were fighting for resources or revenge.The account below would not have been out-of-place in Pre-Roman Europe or in tribal regions of Central Asia or Africa before agricultural society made war a more organized affair. . .Pierre Radisson . . . accompanied a war party into the territory of the Erie nation. Beaching their canoes and hiding them some distance from the Erie “fort,” . . . Before daybreak the party had moved down the shore to the edge of a lake on which there was a “shelter made of rushes.” Nearby they spied a fishing party of Erie – five men and four women – who they surrounded and massacred. The booty of the unlucky fishermen was only some deer skins, “hair girdles,” and dried fish.Further on they found another shelter occupied by an old woman and two children. These unfortunates they dispatched and threw into the water because they could not keep up on the retreat should the war party be discovered. Radisson reported that every person in the party now had a scalp and one man had two, making the strength of the war party six or seven depending on whether the hair of the children was taken.The Mohawk now positioned themselves for an attack on the larger village . . . towards evening they were discovered by four men and three women who came along to gather firewood. Two of the Erie men and all three women were captured. One additional man was killed and the last escaped. Knowing that the alarm would quickly spread, the war party began a running retreat with its captives. By dawn the Erie women were falling behind, so the Mohawk killed them and threw their bodies in the water.By midday the Mohawks had retrieved their canoes and made good they escape with two male captives. The war party later came upon another small band of Erie. Radisson claimed that there were nine Erie warriors and their families in this group. Into these the Mohawks sprang from ambush. “Hampered by their families, the Erie men fought and defended themselves lustily, covering the escape of their women.” When the women were out of sight, the surviving men fled. Mohawk arrows felled five Erie.The total booty of the trip was twenty-two scalps, five captives, and several score of beaver pelts. Once home Radisson gave two scalps to his foster sisters, and presented a captive woman to his Mohawk mother as a slave. He saw that the male captives were made to run the gauntlet, after which they were soundly beaten and tortured. Having served with honor, Radisson was loaded with wampum by his admirers.Volo, James M.. Wilderness Warfare: The Northeast Woodlands, 1609 – 1764 (Right Form of War Series)There were plenty of tribes, particularly among farming and fishing communities, who never raided their neighbors, did not engage in slave-taking or torture, and avoided war if they could manage it. This sort of tribe doesn’t make for an exciting movie villain.

Pal. This is a great question. I have become increasingly unwilling and unsatisfied with people just posting a link to Wikipedia to save time in writing a good answer. It's lazy. It's not that Wikipedia is bad or wrong (I love Wikipedia). In the particular case of its page on the USA, it is actually one of the most cited, reviewed and accurate pages --perhaps-- in its entire library of pages. It's just that we should try to do better.But, this is an incredibly broad question, on one of the single BIGGEST subjects in our world today. It cannot be condensed easily into small enough size to satisfy everybody while remaining accurate. So, with that, I want to direct you to the Wikipedia page on the United States, the intro section I have quoted below. It really is hard to beat that intro for a truncated history of the US. As I said, it is accurate, well-cited, well-reviewed and will generally answer all of your questions or be able to link you to an external source that will.United StatesThe United States of America (USA), commonly referred to as the United States (U.S.) or America, is a federal republic consisting of 50 states and a federal district. The 48 contiguous states and Washington, D.C., are in central North America between Canada and Mexico. The state of Alaska is located in the northwestern part of North America and the state of Hawaii is an archipelago in the mid-Pacific. The country also has five populated and numerous unpopulated territories in the Pacific and the Caribbean. At 3.80 million square miles (9.85 million km2) and with over 320 million people, the United States is the world's fourth-largest country by total area and third most populous. It is one of the world's most ethnically diverse and multicultural nations, the product of large-scale immigration from many countries. The geography and climate of the United States are also extremely diverse, and the country is home to a wide variety of wildlife.Paleo-Indians migrated from Eurasia to what is now the U.S. mainland around 15,000 years ago, with European colonization beginning in the 16th century. The United States emerged from 13 British colonies located along the East Coast. Disputes between Great Britain and the colonies led to the American Revolution. On July 4, 1776, as the colonies were fighting Great Britain in the American Revolutionary War, delegates from the 13 colonies unanimously adopted the Declaration of Independence. The war ended in 1783 with recognition of the independence of the United States by the Kingdom of Great Britain, and was the first successful war of independence against a European colonial empire. The country's constitution was adopted on September 17, 1787 and ratified by the states in 1788. The first ten amendments, collectively named the Bill of Rights, were ratified in 1791 and designed to guarantee many fundamental civil rights and freedoms.Driven by the doctrine of Manifest Destiny, the United States embarked on a vigorous expansion across North America throughout the 19th century. This involved displacing American Indian tribes, acquiring new territories, and gradually admitting new states, until by 1848 the nation spanned the continent. During the second half of the 19th century, the American Civil War ended legal slavery in the country. By the end of that century, the United States extended into the Pacific Ocean, and its economy, driven in large part by the Industrial Revolution, began to soar. The Spanish–American War and World War I confirmed the country's status as a global military power. The United States emerged from World War II as a global "superpower", the first country to develop nuclear weapons, the only country to use them in warfare, and as a permanent member of the United Nations Security Council. The end of the Cold War and the dissolution of the Soviet Union left the United States as the world's sole superpower.The United States is a developed country and has the world's largest national economy, benefiting from an abundance of natural resources and high worker productivity. While the U.S. economy is considered post-industrial, the country continues to be one of the world's largest manufacturers. Accounting for 37% of global military spending and 19% of world GDP (PPP), it is the world's foremost economic and military power, a prominent political and cultural force, and a leader in scientific research and technological innovations.

A supernova is an empath with the incredible ability to show stamina, while in a relationship with a narcissist. We are resourceful enough to turn the tables on a narci, if pushed to that point. They are also referred to as Heyoka, by the native American Indians.Empaths like this present a challenge to some of the haughtier narcissists in that, these will leave when the Narci refuses to “cool their jets.” They value everyone, but understand their own value too. A supernova can spark a Narci’s rage like no other empath can. These Narci’s know the Supernova has got their number and can use what they know and have learned about the narci’s own behaviors, as disdainful as they are, and unleash all kinds of unkindness about their lies and insecurities they try to hide behind.It is not any empaths nature to be truly unkind, but for a Supernova or Heyoka, once they understand it’s sink or swim time, it’s on. Subconsciously, or with conscious intent, the Narci gets a peek at themselves through these types of empaths. They don’t like this one little bit. They may lay claim to be the one discarding the empath, but as with everything for them, it’s a coward’s game.