Community Preservation Act: Fill & Download for Free

People were actually already thinking about it:The origins of the environmental movement lay in the response to increasing levels of smoke pollution in the atmosphere during the Industrial Revolution. The emergence of great factories and the concomitant immense growth in coal consumption gave rise to an unprecedented level of air pollution in industrial centers; after 1900 the large volume of industrial chemical discharges added to the growing load of untreated human waste.The first large-scale, modern environmental laws came in the form of Britain's Alkali Acts, passed in 1863, to regulate the deleterious air pollution (gaseous hydrochloric acid) given off by the Leblanc process, used to produce soda ash. An Alkali inspector and four sub-inspectors were appointed to curb this pollution. The responsibilities of the inspectorate were gradually expanded, culminating in the Alkali Order 1958 which placed all major heavy industries that emitted smoke, grit, dust and fumes under supervision.In industrial cities, local experts and reformers, especially after 1890, took the lead in identifying environmental degradation and pollution, and initiating grass-roots movements to demand and achieve reforms.Typically the highest priority went to water and air pollution. The Coal Smoke Abatement Society was formed in 1898 making it one of the oldest environmental NGOs. It was founded by artist Sir William Blake Richmond, frustrated with the pall cast by coal smoke. Although there were earlier pieces of legislation, the Public Health Act 1875 required all furnaces and fireplaces to consume their own smoke. It also provided for sanctions against factories that emitted large amounts of black smoke. The provisions of this law were extended in 1926 with the Smoke Abatement Act to include other emissions, such as soot, ash, and gritty particles, and to empower local authorities to impose their own regulations.During the Spanish Revolution, anarchist-controlled territories undertook several environmental reforms, which were possibly the largest in the world at the time. Daniel Guerin notes that anarchist territories would diversify crops, extend irrigation, initiate reforestation, start tree nurseries and help to establish naturist communities.Once there was a link discovered between air pollution and tuberculosis, the CNT shut down several metal factories.It was only under the impetus of the Great Smog of 1952 in London, which almost brought the city to a standstill and may have caused upward of 6,000 deaths, that the Clean Air Act 1956 was passed and airborne pollution in the city was first tackled. Financial incentives were offered to householders to replace open coal fires with alternatives (such as installing gas fires), or for those who preferred, to burn coke instead (a byproduct of town gas production) which produces minimal smoke. 'Smoke control areas' were introduced in some towns and cities where only smokeless fuels could be burnt and power stations were relocated away from cities. The act formed an important impetus to modern environmentalism and caused a rethinking of the dangers of environmental degradation to people's quality of life.The late 19th century also saw the passage of the first wildlife conservation laws. The zoologist Alfred Newton published a series of investigations into the Desirability of establishing a 'Close-time' for the preservation of indigenous animals between 1872 and 1903. His advocacy for legislation to protect animals from hunting during the mating season led to the formation of the Royal Society for the Protection of Birds and influenced the passage of the Sea Birds Preservation Act in 1869 as the first nature protection law in the world.

This punishment is for adultery. That’s the Muslims approved. Leading to why this penalty was appealed to?Firstly, the family community preservation concept. You will find low percentage of betrayal in Muslim community, a well constructed family.Secondly, a human soul preservation, how could this happen? You will never feel guilty about ruining a life of family or another human by committing adulterous act.Thirdly, other religions prohibited adultery and called for a punitive measures against such acts.From my perspective I think that question is not complete because the stoning punishment in Islam is applied for committing an adultery only.

Until recently, there were a lot of Navajo speakers who entered school as mostly, or completely monolingual Navajo speakers. There are estimated to be 171,000 speakers today. In 1980, 93 percent of Navajos spoke the language. Ten years later, in 1990 it had declined to 84 percent. It keeps going down each decade. However, most who are 40 and over still speak it. I would say it is still the primary language in many communities. One requirement for candidates for Navajo President and Vice President is fluency in Navajo. Navajo is on the radio and used at the local political meetings.It is thought that now, in 2019, there are about 7,600 Navajo-only speakers. There are a lot more than that who are elderly and not comfortable with English in an official setting like a doctors office. All clinics have a constant need for Navajo translators.In the 1970s the overwhelming majority entering school were first language Navajo. The decline in people entering school speaking Navajo started in the 1970s and 1980s. When I lived there in the 90s there were still a fair number of kindergarten kids who started with little English. A look at it in 1998 found that 30% of Navajos entering school spoke Navajo as their first and main language. Then cable TV came. And internet and cell phones. More people became more connected to the rest of America. Now few have Navajo when they start kindergarten.This is culturally a big problem because these young people often cannot speak with their grandparents. They cannot participate will in Navajo Nation politics. Man Navajo concepts do not translate well. It is hard to follow traditional ceremonies, which are still common and still in Navajo.Until recently few schools taught Navajo. It was actively discouraged until the 70s and 80s. Then, there was little money to create programs. The Native American Languages Act was passed in 1990. The Esther Martinez Native American Languages Preservation Act funds programs that work "to preserve Native American languages." was passed in 2006. It was updated in 2012. 390 grants have been awarded under the program for a total of nearly $50 million to help preserve Native languages. An bigger initiative was started under Obama. Examining Efforts to Maintain and Revitalize Native LanguagesNow there are some schools like Tséhootsooí Diné Bi’ Olta’ immersion school Tséhootsooí Diné Bi’Ólta’ / Homepage . Or Puente De Hozho which is tri-lingual (Navajo, English, Spanish). Puente de Hózhó / Overview. And other school in the Navajo Nation are teaching it.Active Grants in Native Languages – Esther Martinez Immersionhttps://www.linguisticsociety.org/sites/default/files/native-american-language-revitalization-executive-order-draft.pdfDiné Language Teachers AssociationNavajo Language Academy 2019Online Classes Help Preserve the Navajo LanguagePopular Language Learning Platform Adds Navajo and Hawaiian Languages to Curriculum