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Did the inability of tri-engined passenger planes to jettison a burning central engine mark the end of their development and use?
Jettisoning an engine from an aircraft?Whoever gave you that idea?One trimotor did die prematurely: the Fokker Trimotor.The Story of the TrimotorsAt one time, the Ford and Fokker Trimotors were in competition.Anthony Fokker: “The Flying Dutchman” shaped American aviation.Fokker’s single-engined monoplanes had already made a name for themselves.The name Fokker first became associated in a big way with American aviation when the United States Army air corps placed an order with the Hollander. Lieuts. Oakley G. Kelly and John A. Macready of McCook Field flew a Fokker monoplane powered with a single 400 H.P. motor on the first non-stop transcontinental hop.That was in May, 1923.Several other of the famous Dutch inventor’s planes were the “Josephine Ford” (Byrd to the North Pole), the “America” (Byrd across the Atlantic) and the “Southern Cross’ (Kingsford-Smith around the world).Fokker had gained a name for itself after Amelia Earhart used it for her Atlantic crossing. Its success crossing was the start of her illustrious career.Detroit was covered in dense fog on October 4, 1925. Mist had crept up from Lake Erie and made it difficult to find Dearborn’s Ford Airport, the location of the finish of the National Air Tour for the Edsel B. Ford Reliability Trophy.The trophy itself was one of the instruments the automobile industry used to mark its branching off into aviation.From the gray sky came the rumble of engines. It increased, receded, and then became stronger.The 35,000 people present at Ford Airport looked up, eager to see which airplane would come in first. Would it be Ford’s own contestant in the event, or one of the foreign competitors, Junkers or Fokker?Then plane no. 20 appeared low above the field. With a gracious maneuver, pilot Egbert Lott put the three-engine Fokker on the ground as the first aircraft to complete the circuit.The next two contenders, the Junkers and the Stout entry by Ford, followed within minutes. The spectators cheered, and car horns sounded.For his part, Lott had a nice bonus to look forward to.▲A breakthrough design: Since 1923 Fokker had dreamed of developing a three-engine version of his F.VII airliner. In the summer of 1925 he had two additional engines installed under the wings of a production F.VII and shipped the machine as a demonstration model to the United States. To generate publicity, he entered the aircraft in the Ford Reliability Tour in September 1925. FLICKR PHOTOGRAPHThe tour had covered a route that took participants over twelve cities in the American Midwest. The event was a reliability contest and did not carry financial rewards. The intention was that participants would adhere as closely as possible to a prearranged flight schedule. Nonetheless, there was a token of appreciation waiting for the first airplane to come in at Dearborn, an almost three-foot-tall silver and gold chalice that had been made available by Ford. On it an engraving read, “This trophy is offered to encourage the upbuilding of commercial aviation as a medium of transportation.” All participants who completed the circuit would see their name added to the engraving.Earlier that week, on September 28, the twenty-four contestants had been waved off one by one by Henry Ford’s son, Edsel, personally. In the seven preceding months Ford had poured quite a bit of effort into the organization.In February Congress had agreed to the Kelly Act, which made it possible that commercial enterprises would take over the existing airmail service from the U.S. Post Office.The question was, however, just how reliable such services could be.Against this background a group of businessmen from Detroit had worked on plans for the Reliability Tour. Edsel Ford, who had a keen interest in aviation, was one of them.He donated the prize chalice.Anthony had initially planned to take part in the tour with two aircraft: one a regular single-engine F.VII, and one three-engine variant that had been put together in great haste in Amsterdam after Fokker had telegraphed instructions from New York and had three Wright Whirlwind engines shipped.A three-engine aircraft presented a change of course: since 1923, Anthony’s idea of fixing additional engines to the F.VII design had remained shelved because of constant work improving the existing single-engine version.Beyond the finish line a bright future in American commercial aviation beckoned. This was to be Fokker’s breakthrough on the emerging market for airliners in the United States.Noorduyn’s efforts to found an American production company resulted in the takeover of a small factory near Hasbrouck Heights, New Jersey. The Wittemann-Lewis Aircraft Corporation, which had its premises in a wooden hangar at Teterboro Airport, could hardly be qualified as a major prize in an international takeover bid. Wittemann-Lewis had gone bankrupt toward the end of 1922 in the extremely costly development of a large six-engine bomber for the Army Air Service, the Barling. The machine was named after its designer Walter Barling, an associate of Mitchell’s. The factory building was only four years old, but came cheap—with inventory—as a result of the bankruptcy. Late in December 1923 Anthony came to Teterboro for a personal inspection and declared that matters were now heading in the right direction. A week or so before, on December 14, 1923, his American business partners had founded the Atlantic Aircraft Corporation in his absence with the intention to build Fokker aircraft at Teterboro.Finally Fokker had his own American branch, its purposes stated in the most general of terms so that the company would have as much room as possible to play a role in the development of aviation.Atlantic was the answer to the political pressure that Congress exerted on the American armed forces to exclusively buy American equipment. Intended in part to encourage American producers to develop both military and commercial aircraft, the buy-American program had chiseled away at Fokker’s export market.After a process of several years, the very thing for which Fokker had pleaded ever since his arrival in the United States had finally happened in 1925: the legal constellation of civil air transport was adapted. The Kelly Act had spurred a rapid development of air transportation.The Fokker Aircraft Corporation was formally founded on September 16, 1925 in Delaware. After that, the activities of the Netherlands Aircraft Manufacturing Company were scaled down. Fokker’s other American venture, Atlantic Aircraft, became a subsidiary of the newly established Fokker Aircraft Corporation.That same month of October 1925, the prototype of the new Fokker Universal airliner was rolled out.Specially designed to suit the emerging American air transport market, the single-engine Universal had a cabin that could seat four passengers.Bob Noorduyn, Fokker’s engineer and by now formally occupying a position as company director, signed off on a design that seemed a step backward from the aircraft Fokker was producing in Amsterdam.Although Noorduyn incorporated the customary fuselage construction of welded steel tubes covered with linen, the Universal had a completely open cockpit as was customary in the aircraft the U.S. Postal Service used.In this respect Noorduyn had heeded to the wishes of pilots that were consulted about the design.A more important deviation was, however, the use of a non-cantilever wing.To reduce the overall weight of the aircraft, Noorduyn had chosen a thinner wing profile, which meant that the wing had to be supported by steel girders connected to the lower tubes of the fuselage. Nonetheless, the Universal, which could also be equipped with floats, was well adapted to serve the American and Canadian markets. Between May 1926 and the end of production in April 1931 forty-five Universals were built at Teterboro. They were sold at $15,000 each.The type was succeeded in March 1928 by the larger Super Universal, which became Fokker’s best-selling commercial aircraft. About 217 were produced (including licensed production in several countries), eighty-one of them in the Teterboro factory.In December 1925 Fokker’s public relations manager, Harry Bruno, persuaded him to take part in a return flight from New York to Havana, planned by airline pioneer Juan Trippe. Anthony was not easily persuaded.At that point his trimotor F.VII was a unique airplane of which there was no duplicate in the United States. He was anxious not to take risks with the machine.On the other hand, Trippe, managing director of Colonial Air Transport, possessed an elaborate network of influential friends and contacts in aviation, in finance, and in Washington politics that might just prove helpful to Fokker’s business interests in the United States. And so Fokker gave in. Trippe’s plans were big: he wanted to set up an air service to Cuba as a first staging point to build a network of services to various Latin American destinations, eventually operated by his legendary creation Pan American Airways.The specially chartered Fokker trimotor left from New York on December 13, 1925. Although it force-landed once on the way back, because of bad fuel, all passengers were safe and Juan Trippe had landing rights into Cuba in his pocket.On April 9, 1926, everything was ready for the official public presentation of the three-engine F.VII at Amsterdam’s Schiphol Airport. This was the third machine of the trimotor type to be finished; the first two machines had been shipped to the United States. Fokker had promised to stage a number of free passenger flights with the new airplane.The day after, the three-engine F.VII was turned over to the British Royal Air Force as a transport plane. Avro subsequently built a series under license. Meanwhile, Anthony began to make final preparations to move permanently to the United States. Ten days later he boarded the liner SS Leviathan in Southampton and sailed for New York, where his three-engine airplane was about to make history.The orders for his three-engine aircraft came in faster than the small Atlantic factory could build them. The Fokker concept for three engine commercial aircraft would dominate international aeronautical construction well into the 1930s. In 1928 the Dutch three-engine F.VIIB formed the starting point for the development of the American F.10.▲The Fokkers pose in their flashy Packard convertible in front of two F.10 airliners outside the factory at Teterboro, New Jersey.This latter model combined a newly designed fuselage and tail section with a Dutch-built F.VIIB wing. Sixty-four of these aircraft were produced, most of them of the further improved F.10A type, which had a greater wing span and a wing produced in the United States.This design evolution was typical of Fokker’s treatment of the aeronautical design process. Just as was the case in Amsterdam, where the costs for research and development had actually been decreasing since 1924, his American enterprise worked with amazingly low budgets.To keep tabs on overhead, Fokker ran his factories with only a small research staff. “Designing” was more geared to modifying and adapting existing models than to the development of completely new aircraft types. This setup enabled Anthony to safeguard his position as director of technology and maintain his ultimate responsibility for new designs that bore his name. As long as the Amsterdam factory managed to keep research and development going on a shoestring, Fokker could afford to focus his efforts in America on building profitable spinoffs of these Dutch aircraft. In Amsterdam and in Teterboro he instructed his technicians to improvise on the basis of designs that had already been proven—precisely the kind of approach he preferred and in which he excelled. In the short term this proved to be very lucrative.A single accident with one of the aircraft that carried his name did him in as an aircraft constructor in the United States.Events unfolded high above the small village of Bazaar, Kansas, on March 31, 1931.Shortly before 11 a.m., farmhand Charles McCracken was feeding the cattle when he noticed a plane coming down from the skies very fast at an almost vertical angle. Only one of the three engines sputtered, but before the plane hit the ground it too had stopped. He could not see where exactly the plane hit the ground, but the enormous thud with which the Fokker F-10A buried itself in the earth still resounded in his ears when he saw a part of the wing come down just a few seconds later. After he had alerted the authorities by phone he waited by the roadside to show the ambulance from Bazaar the location of the crash. It arrived on the scene, but there was nothing anyone could do. No one onboard had survived.The accident, however tragic, would have been forgotten quickly had one of the six passengers on the TWA flight not been the famous Notre Dame football coach Knute Rockne, a national sports celebrity at the peak of his career. Even President Herbert Hoover called his death “a national loss.”The news of the “Rockne Crash” and the subsequent investigation into its causes immediately became front-page news nationwide. Indeed, the much-publicized plane accident had a negative impact on the whole American aeronautical industry, which was already going through a difficult phase. Because of the public pressure that came with the celebrity victim, the Aeronautics Branch of the Department of Commerce, responsible for the supervision of air transportation, decided early on to disclose as much information as possible to the public about the crash.From day one the federal researchers investigating what had happened focused on finding a structural failure in the aircraft. There was some cause to look in this direction, because concern over the construction and flying characteristics of the F-10A had a history as long as the design itself. To begin with, the aircraft’s tail tended to sink during flight, and the airplane was slow to respond to its controls. These were precisely the problems Anthony had been brooding on, but they had remained unresolved since. After the accident several pilots came forward to admit they were afraid to fly the F-10A. In conditions of turbulence the outer wings of the plane were prone to flutter, which made it very difficult to keep the machine under control. Fear of losing their jobs, however, had prevented the pilots from coming forward with these problems before.In the months before the fatal crash attention had been called to the wings of the F-10A on more than one occasion. Part of the problem had been that the nature of the wooden, glued wing construction made it difficult to check its internal assembly. Inspection was simply not possible without causing damage. The various components of the wings were glued together, as was the wings’ plywood veneer outer surface. In January 1931 the U.S. Navy had tested the F-10A as a transport plane but turned it down for those same reasons of instability. Suspicions against the F-10A had accumulated even before the crash.Anthony found the attention paid to the wing construction utter nonsense. He personally visited the crash site to take stock of what had happened, along with TWA’s technical manager, Jack Frye. Although he could not deny that the wing had snapped, he maintained that this was caused by excessive strain due to the combination of adverse weather and icing. Irritated, he wrote to the investigating committee, “There is no reason to believe that just at this time when weather conditions were unfavorable, a structural failure of the airplane, independent of the weather conditions, could have been the primary cause of the failure of the wing.”In defense of his product he claimed that incomplete and contradictory weather forecasts had contributed to the accident. The authorities had failed to warn the pilots of weather conditions ahead. He said the plane should not have been allowed to fly under the circumstances.Such general comments did not fit the investigation of the Aeronautics Bureau, and Fokker’s letter was quickly pushed aside. In his final report, Leonard Jurden, head of the investigating team, concluded that the airplane had come down because of structural malfunctions caused by material fatigue. According to Jurden, the F-10A had flown for up to three hundred hours in turbulent weather conditions and had been tossed about quite a lot. In his view, the continuous wing flutter that occurred under such conditions had led to a spontaneous structural breakup. Jurden explicitly pointed to the fact that several pilots had indicated that the flutter occurred at precisely the spot where the outer wing of the TWA plane had broken off. Besides, his investigation of the wreckage had revealed that something was amiss with the glued construction.On May 4, 1931, just five weeks into the investigation, the director of the Aeronautics Branch took the unprecedented step of grounding all thirty-five F-10A machines that had been constructed in Glen Dale in 1929. The measures recalled similar restrictions imposed on Fokker aircraft by the German military authorities during the war. Pending the results of a full inspection of the wings of each individual plane and modifications to the ailerons, all flights with the F-10A were banned.Although twenty-five F-10A machines were eventually returned to service, the affair hastened the disappearance of Fokker aircraft from the American skies.=======================In October 1928 the board of Fokker Aircraft Corporation of America had welcomed the capital injection from the Richfield/Western group unanimously. Anthony had also been pleased. The agreement fit the larger pattern of rapid expansion of America’s major industrial concerns into aviation. The Ford Motor Company had led the way. In 1925 Ford had secured a beachhead into aeronautics with the takeover of the Stout Metal Airplane Company and had started its own airline venture.A large number of people in the United States had their first airplane ride in a Ford Tri-Motor during the 1920s and 1930s, a plane that remains to this day a fine example of engineering, planning and production.From 1926 to 1933, a total of 199 Ford Tri-Motors were built.Though the number was relatively small, these planes were the first airliners to be mass produced.Henry Ford had based civil air transport manufacture on his famous automobile production techniques, which emphasized organizing resources and labor into repeatable operations in the assembly process to achieve consistency with each unit.The Tri-Motor actually shared several parts with the company’s automobiles, including the Johnson bar brake lever, the door handle, and ashtrays.The all-metal airliner represented a step up in existing manufacturing methods and commercial passenger service. The fact that it came from the same industrial empire that put the country on wheels only helped to solidify public acceptance.The third player was Stinson.There was a brief period of airline history when trimotors — most of them from Stinson — ruled the air.The man behind the development of the trimotor Stinsons was actually E.L. Cord, the same man 1who produced the spectacular high-performance Auburn, Cord and Duesenberg automobiles. To get into the air, Cord created a small six-passenger trimotor airplane in the 1920s. The Corman, as it was called, had a metal, fabric-covered frame and was powered by Lycoming engines. Cord happened to own Lycoming, which also supplied engines for his super-charged automobiles.Always the man to keep an eye on high tech, Cord saw that the fledgling airlines needed a low-cost but higher-performance airplane than the Corman. Cord needed customers for his Lycoming radial aircraft engines. The missing ingredient was an airframe maker, so Cord went to the largest airplane builder of the day: Stinson. Cord offered to buy Stinson if the company would cancel its long-term contract with Curtiss-Wright and use Lycoming engines instead. Stinson agreed, and the first project of the new Stinson division of Cord was to upgrade the Corman to a larger, faster airplane at a price the struggling airlines could afford.Stinson created the SM6000 "T" model trimotor. Powered by three 225-hp Lycoming radial engines, the new trimotor could carry up to 10 passengers at just over 100 mph. Best of all, the new list price for a trimotor Stinson was just $25,900—a fraction of the cost of a Ford or Fokker trimotor.A Stinson trimotorAlthough the Stinson was smaller, the airlines needed faster, cheaper airplanes more than they needed extra seats. The trimotor Stinson was an instant success. After its introduction in 1929 the airplane dominated sales until Douglas introduced the DC-2 in 1933. The DC-2, and most certainly the DC-3, ended the brief trimotor era, but in 1931 nine out of 10 multiengine airplanes sold to airlines were Stinsons. They were the flagship of many an airline.Trimotor Stinsons were the first multis in the Delta and National fleets—and they bought the airplanes used. Cord liked to have a thumb in every pie, so he started an airline to put his trimotor to work. Century Airlines flew between Chicago and Cleveland, and Chicago and St. Louis, with several stops along each route. The airline prospered until a bitter strike by the fledgling Air Line Pilots Association forever changed the face of airline operations. Cord sold Century Airlines to American Airways, now American Airlines.On the day KNUTE ROCKNE, the famed football coach of Notre Dame died, March 31st, 1931, in the wreckage of a Fokker trimotor near Bazar, Kansas, the Douglas Aircraft Company was precociously thrust into the transport business, and the end of the Trimotor era began.▲A Fokker trimotorA Ford trimotor 1930Certainly, that crash and the resultant public furor concerning air travel was a staggering blow to the infant air transport industry. It started a revolution in equipment that has had no parallel until the advent of the jets, literally forcing the then existing dozen scheduled air-lines to provide bigger, better and safer planes.One of these pioneer airlines, Transcontinental & Western Air, Inc., "The Lindbergh Line," predecessor of today's Trans World Airlines, approached Douglas to design a modern vehicle to replace the cumbersome Ford trimotors and Fokkers.The result was the DC-1, a streamlined, twin-engine, 12-passenger aircraft, prototype of the DC-3 whose numbers grew to more than 10,000 and became legendary all over the world, converting millions of ground lubbers to acceptance of air travel.From 1936 to 1946, the "3" was standard equipment oh almost every airline on the globe —carried more than 360 million passengers approximately 87 billion passenger-miles, while logging more than 75 mil-lion flying hours.Some of the DC-3s are still in daily operations. You can crack 'em up, but apparently you can't wear them out!Ah, but this is not a Douglas story!With the introduction of the revolutionary and economical Douglas airplanes, the trimotors faded as quickly as they had appeared. After short stints with smaller second- and third-rate airlines, the trimotors were sold into the slavery of barnstorming, and eventually ended their lives flying the most menial routes in the most godforsaken parts of the world.
Why should I vote or not vote for Narendra Modi in 2019 elections?
101 reasons I am voting for Modi governmentSwachh Bharat Mission - Grameen:“A clean India would be the best tribute India could pay to Mahatma Gandhi on his 150 birth anniversary in 2019,” said Shri Narendra Modi as he launched the Swachh Bharat Mission at Rajpath in New Delhi. On 2nd October 2014, Swachh Bharat Mission was launched throughout length and breadth of the country as a national movement. The campaign aims to achieve the vision of a ‘Clean India’ by 2nd October 2019.As a part of SBM-Grameen, India witnessed toilet building and expansion in rural areas like never before and is on the verge to achieve 100% sanitation coverage by Oct 2, 2019. One noticeable aspect here is, as a part of Swachh Suverkshan Grameen (by Minister of drinking water and sanitation), the centre also keeping a close tab on actual usage of toilets and carrying out mass social drives to promote construction and usage of toilets.Swachh Iconic Places: Ministry of drinking water and sanitation has taken up a multi-stakeholder initiative focusing on cleaning up 100 places across India that are “iconic” due to their heritage, religious and/or cultural significance. The goal of the Initiative is to improve the cleanliness conditions at these places to a distinctly higher level. This initiative is in partnership with Ministries of Urban Development, Tourism and Culture with MDWS being the nodal ministry. Some of the iconic sites from the first phase are Taj Mahal, Mata Vaishnav Devi, Kamakhya Temple, Ajmer Sharif.Swachh Bharat Abhiyan - Urban: (Ministry of Housing and Urban Affairs)India's many of the megacities have been plagued by pollution mainly due to exploding population, unplanned expansion, lack of and mismanagement of funds by urban local bodies. This government has played a pro-active role by first ensuring mass construction of toilets as they did for rural areas.Swachh Bharat Abhiyan - Urban: Another big role, the government has been playing is in infrastructure building, financial facilitation of various agencies and urban local bodies and timely, accurate, competitive survey of cities by giving them star ratings. Many cities have come out as big success stories in these four years. Indore, Bhopal, Pune, Chandigarh, Bilaspur are notable mentions. Some of the success stories: Swachh Bharat Abhiyan (Urban) success stories.Swachh survekshan: Government has come up with the annual rankings of different cities based on their performance in various cleanliness indicators. Indore, Bhopal, Chandigarh has emerged as the cleanest cities of India. While this is just a ranking, it has started a healthy competition among municipal corporations and governments of the state. Also, its a good indicator of progress (or lack of progress for the dirtiest cities of the country).Namami Gange Program: Carried out by National Mission for Clean Ganga, Ministry of water resources, river development and Ganga rejuvenation, the current government has given a big push for cleaner, sustainable, uninterrupted flow of the lifeline of our country, Ganga. Rs 20,000 crore has been approved by the central government for the same. Nitin Gadkari has made big promises about the cleaning of the river and its tributaries by Dec 2019. They have already made some big progress and are certainly going in the right direction. Namai Gange youtube.Namami Gange Achievements:1. Creating Sewerage Treatment Capacity:- 63 sewerage management projects under implementation in the States of Uttarakhand,Uttar Pradesh, Bihar, Jharkhand and West Bengal.12 new sewerage management Projects Launched in these states.Work is under construction for creating Sewerage capacity of 1187.33 (MLD).Hybrid Annuity PPP Model based two projects has been initiated for Jagjeetpur, Haridwar and Ramanna, Varanasi.2. Creating River-Front Development:-28 River-Front Development projects and 33 Entry level Projects for construction, modernization and renovation of 182 Ghats and 118 crematoria has been initiated.3. River Surface Cleaning:-River Surface cleaning for collection of floating solid waste from the surface of the Ghats and River and its disposal are afoot and pushed into service at 11 locations.4. Bio-Diversity Conservation:- Several Bio-Diversity conservation projects are namely: Biodiversity Conservation and Ganga Rejuvenation, Fish and Fishery Conservation in Ganga River, Ganges River Dolphin Conservation Education Programme has been initiated. 5 Bio-Diversity center’s at Dehradun, Narora, Allahabad, Varanasi and Barrackpore has been developed for restoration of identified priority species.5. Afforestation:- Forestry interventions for Ganga through Wildlife Institute of India; Central Inland Fisheries Research Institute and Centre for Environment Education has been initiated.Forestry interventions for Ganga has been executed as per the Detailed Project Report prepared by Forest Research Institute, Dehradun for a period of 5 years (2016-2021) at project cost of Rs.2300 Crores. Work has been commenced in 7 districts of Uttarakahnd for medicinal plants.6. Public Awareness:- A series of activities such as events, workshops, seminars and conferences and numerous IEC activities were organized to make a strong pitch for public outreach and community participation in the programme. Various awareness activities through rallies, campaigns, exhibitions, shram daan, cleanliness drives, competitions, plantation drives and development and distribution of resource materials were organized and for wider publicity the mass mediums such as TV/Radio, print media advertisements, advertorials, featured articles and advertorials were published. Gange Theme song was released widely and played on digital media to enhance the visibility of the programme. NMCG ensured presence at Social Media platforms like Facebook, Twitter, You Tube etc.7. Industrial Effluent Monitoring:- Real Time Effluent Monitoring Stations (EMS) has been installed in 572 out of 760 Grossly Polluting Industries (GPIs). Closure notice have been issued to 135 GPIs so far and others have been given deadlines for compliance to stipulated norms and for installations of online EMS.8. Ganga Gram:- Ministry of Drinking Water and Sanitation (MoDWS) identified 1674 Gram Panchayats situated on the bank of River Ganga in 5 State (Uttarakhand,Uttar Pradesh,Bihar,Jharkhand,West Bengal). Rs. 578 Crores has been released to Ministry of Drinking Water and Sanitation (MoDWS) for construction of toilets in 1674 Gram Panchayats of 5 Ganga Basin States. Out of the targeted 15, 27,105 units, MoDWS has completed construction of 8, 53,397 toilets. Consortium of 7 IITs has been engaged in the preparation of Ganga River basin Plan and 65 villages has been adopted by 13 IITs to develop as model villages. UNDP has been engaged as the executing agency for rural sanitation programme and to develop Jharkhand as a model State at an estimated cost of Rs. 127 Crore.Various programs at work, pictures after transformation of ghats:Effluent treatment at Kanpur. Kanpur: No untreated industrial, household waste to flow into GangaSome environmentalists suggest too radical and naive measures for cleaning Ganga. While all those measures sounding idealistic on papers and talks may have a huge deterrent to millions of people living on its banks. Creating proper infrastructure, tightening norms and preventing no untreated water to drain into Ganga and its tributaries are the first important steps and this government is actually moving forward in the right direction. Though they were a bit slow in starting years {till Uma Bharti was the minister}.Massive infrastructure construction: Modi believes in infrastructure development as a big part of social and economic development. As a Gujrat CM also, he had given special importance to infrastructure building and as PM of India, he again has given massive thrust to infrastructure. Be it roads, development of ports, bridges, infra development in remote areas of north-east, development of airports, railway tracks, bullet train approval, GIFT city, Statue of Unity, etc. I will be describing some of these developments in the next points.Sagarmala: Ministry of Shipping. India has a massive coastline of 7500km and modernisation of ports, improving connectivity is one of the obvious ways to go for giving massive thrust to our economy. Interestingly, this project's idea was originally mooted during the Vajpayee government in 2003 and was cleared by the Modi government in 2015.As part of Sagarmala Programme, more than 604 projects (Cost: Rs. 8.8 Lacs Cr.) have been identified for implementation, during 2015-2035, across the areas of port modernization & new port development, port connectivity enhancement, port-linked industrialization and coastal community development. As of 30-Sep-2018, a total of 522 projects (costing around Rs. 4.32 Lac Crore) were under various stages of implementation, development and completion.Bharatmala: Focusing on improving national road connectivity, quality, removing bottlenecks {north-east, Himalayan states}, freight connectivity are some of the main objectives of this project. A whopping 34,800km! of roads are to be constructed by 2022. Under NHDP, budget: Rs.5,35,000 crore.The speed of road construction:Development of the North-East: North-eastern states have been neglected for years by previous governments. Reason being rough topography (high cost for development projects), lower population implying lower seats and hence lower returns on votes. However, the Modi government has infused north-eastern states with massive infrastructural projects. I am listing a few of them.Bogibeel bridge: India's longest railroad bridge: India's first fully welded steel-concrete bridge capable of withstanding earthquakes of 8 on the Richter scale completed in Assam.Pakyong airport: Sikkim's first airport, it's a greenfield airport, a structural marvel considering the topography of the location and providing much-needed connectivity to the people of Sikkim and to the travellers visiting Sikkim, in turn boosting the economy of the state.Speeding road construction and connectivity in Arunachal Pradesh: Arunachal Pradesh is topographically very challenging and has poor road connectivity. With China building its infrastructure on the other side, connectivity and logistics development in Arunachal becomes particularly important. Road network in Arunachal has increased from 1804 to 2885km in last 4 years. This involved building bridges and roads on some of the most challenging topographies.There are multiple projects either completed, in the process of completion or planned for the north-eastern states. The pace of these projects is much faster than the previous governments.Arunachal Pradesh on the rail map: Apart from the road constructions, Modi government has brought Arunachal Pradesh on the railway map of India with India’s longest rail-cum-road bridge — the 4.94-km long Bogibeel bridge over the Brahmaputra. The government is also aiming for converting all meter-gauge tracks in the northeastern states to broad-gauge. In Arunachal, the Centre has started a location survey to connect Tawang, Aalo, Pasighat with broad gauge railway networks.Gujrat International Finance Tech City (GIFT city): GIFT photo gallery This city is envisioned to be India's Hong Kong emerging as a world-class centre for financial services.Statue of Unity: http://www.statueofunity.in/There have been many cries over this statue but I just loved the fact that first time, proper recognition is given to Sardar Patel, the man because of whom united India exists today. Also, the statue itself apart from being the world's tallest is also equipped with world-class infrastructure and amenities. Sardar Patel Rashtriya Ekta trust earned total Rs.2,10,47,325 in last 10 days! And this is just from the tickets. Imagine the boost in economy and tourism for the locals of the region. I am really looking forward to my visit to this statue. Earnings of Sardar Patel statueDelhi Mumbai Industrial Corridor: A mammoth $100bn mega-project that will massively boost our economy and infrastructure. You might be noticing a pattern now. Japan will be aiding India technically and financially in this project.Mumbai-Ahmedabad bullet train project: Japan giving helping hands to India in yet another dream project. Now, why bullet train? Why not? India is the fastest growing economy in the world. Yes, we have a large population of people below the poverty line but poverty isn't eliminated by distributing money (socialist policies). And time has come for India to adopt the next generation of high-speed trains.The project is estimated to cost ₹1.1 lakh crore (US$15 billion). The cost includes interest during construction and import duties. JICA (Japan International Cooperation Agency) agreed to fund 81% of the total project cost ₹88,087 crore (US$12 billion), through a 50-year loan at an interest rate of 0.1% with a moratorium on repayments up to 15 years and the remaining cost will be borne by the state governments of Maharashtra and Gujarat. 20% of the components used on the corridor will be supplied by Japan, and manufactured in India. (Source: Wikipedia).Mumbai trans-harbour link, Shivaji memorial: This will be country’s longest sea bridge at 22.5 km. It will connect Mumbai’s eastern suburbs with the mainland across the harbour through a 16.5 km sea bridge and a viaduct. The project will cost around Rs18,000 crore and completed by 2019. It will connect Sewri in central-east Mumbai with Nhava Seva across the harbour. The government is also building a Rs 3600 crore grand memorial of Chhatrapati Shivaji in Mumbai (on the lines of Statue of Unity).Setu Bharatam Project: This project aims to ensure highways without railway crossings by 2019 and an overhaul of 1500 British-era bridges. Total budget: 50,800 crores.Rashtriya Rajmarg Zila Sanjoyokta Pariyojna: This project aims to connect 100 of the 676 district headquarters in the country with world-class highways (total length: over 6,600km, cost: 60,000 crores).Chardham-highway project: The Chardham Mahamarg Vikas Pariyojna, or the Chardham highway development project, is an ambitious initiative to improve connectivity to the Char Dham pilgrimage centres in the Himalayas. The project’s main objective is to develop around 900 km of national highways. These highways will be built in Uttarakhand at an approximate cost of Rs 12,000 crore.The highest bridge in the world on Chenab: The tallest bridge in the world is under construction at Doda over the Chenab river (359m over the river) with an estimated cost of Rs 1198 crore.Inland waterways: PM Modi recently inaugurated India's first multi-modal terminal on the Ganga river in Varanasi and received the country's first container cargo transported on inland waterways from Kolkata. This is the first of the four multi-modal terminals being constructed on the National Waterway-1 (river Ganga) as part of the World Bank-aided Jal Marg Vikas project of the Inland Waterways Authority of India. The total estimated cost of the project is Rs 53.6918 billion, which will be equally shared between the Government of India and the World Bank. India has a large potential for cargo transportation through waterways. This is the first step towards utilizing that potential.UDAN: Ude Desh Ka Aam Naagarik- RCS (Regional Connectivity Scheme, Ministry of Civil Aviation) is aimed at developing airports of tier 2 and tier 3 cities and improving flight connectivities. Airports and flights at such cities have been on a big rise. The number of aircraft jumped 38% to 548 in December 2017 from 395 in 2014 and 50 aircraft are being added every year. Total passengers travelling trough planes have surpassed the total passengers travelling through AC coaches of the Indian Railways!Solar projects: Even the most biased Modi haters have praised Narendra Modi for pushing for solar projects in India. Ministry of New and Renewable Energy has said that the government has invested over $42bn in renewable energy in the last 4 years. Globally, India ranks fourth in wind, fifth in renewable power and sixth in the solar power installed capacity, respectively. Solar energy capacity has increased by over 8 times from 2.63 GW in 2014 to 22 GW and the winds energy capacity increased by 1.6 times from 21 GW in 2014 to 34 GW. India in on track to achieve 100GW installation of solar power by 2022. The government has also come up with innovative schemes such as Kusum yojana where solar powered water pumps are installed in the agricultural fields at a highly subsidised price.Ujala scheme: LED bulbs: The Unnat Jyoti by Affordable LEDs for All was launched in 2015 with a target of replacing 77 cr incandescent lamps with LED bulbs. To nullify the high-cost of LEDs that acted as a barrier previously in the adoption of energy efficient systems, the scheme was implemented to set up phase wise LED distribution across the nation to provide people with affordable LED bulbs and energy efficient appliances. The objective is to promote efficient lighting, enhance awareness of using efficient equipment that will reduce electricity bills and preserve the environment.Every grid-connected consumer having a metered connection from their respective Electricity Distribution Company can get LED bulbs at about 40% of the market price under the Ujala scheme. Currently, 32,38,29,279 LEDs have been distributed under this scheme.FAME: Electric vehicles are the future. The pollution problems of megacities such as Delhi, Mumbai can be solved by electric vehicles (and more reliance on renewable sources for electricity production). While I would personally like the government to incentivize (or even spend themselves) more on building the charging stations infrastructure and subsidizing and even reducing customs on imported electric vehicles and bicycles. Imported bicycles are still taxed heavily which is really unfortunate.The FAME India (Faster Adoption and Manufacture of (Hybrid and) Electric Vehicles) Scheme was launched by the Ministry of Heavy Industries and Public Enterprises in 2015 to incentivize the production and promotion of eco-friendly vehicles including electric vehicles and hybrid vehicles.FAME India is a part of the National Electric Mobility Mission Plan. The main thrust of FAME is to encourage electric vehicles by providing subsidies. Vehicles in most segments – two wheelers, three wheelers, electric and hybrid cars and electric buses obtained the subsidy benefit of the scheme.Green Urban Transport Scheme: To reduce carbon footprint as committed under the Paris agreement, the government has launched this scheme with the support of Rs 25000 crore. This scheme is set to encourage transport along a low carbon path to provide a sustainable and measurable reduction in pollution and provide a permanent sustainable framework for urban mobility projects at various levels. The government has also set an ambitious target of achieving 175GW of electricity from renewable sources, reduce dependence on fossil fuels.Ethanol blending, biofuels: India meets more than 80% of its oil demands through imports. Not only does oil cost India large sums of foreign exchange but oil also is a major source of air pollutants. Ethanol blending is aimed at reducing India's import dependence on oil with the added benefits of lower pollutant levels (as ethanol burns cleaner than petrol).India has huge biofuel potential as it generates huge masses of agricultural wastes. National policy on biofuel is aimed at mainstreaming of biofuels and, therefore, envisions a central role for it in the energy and transportation sectors of the country in the coming decades. The Policy will bring about accelerated development and promotion of the cultivation, production and use of biofuels to increasingly substitute petrol and diesel for transport and be used in stationary and other applications while contributing to energy security, climate change mitigation,apart from creating new employment opportunities and leading to environmentally sustainable development.This could be a potential source of side income for farmers as well as reducing the incidence of stubble burning and release of air pollutants.Startup India: (Ministry of Commerce and Industry) Key points: 10,000 crore startup funding pool, reduction in patent registration fees, Improved Bankruptcy Code, to ensure a 90-day exit window, freedom from mystifying inspections for first 3 years of operation, Freedom from Capital Gain Tax for first 3 of operation, freedom from tax for first 3 years of operation, self-certification compliance, create an Innovation hub, under the Atal Innovation Mission, to target 500k schools, and involve 1m children in innovation-related programmes, new schemes to provide IPR protection to startup firms, encourage entrepreneurship within the country, promote India across the world as a start-up hub.Make in India: (Ministry of Finance) Probably, one of the most talked about and well-recognised government initiative. It has given a big thrust to Indian manufacturing.Make in India, a type of Swadeshi movement covering 25 sectors of the economy, was launched by the Government of India on 25 September 2014 to encourage companies to manufacture their products in India and also increase their investment. As per the current policy, 100% Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) is permitted in all 25 sectors, except for Space industry (74%), defence industry (49%) and Media of India (26%). Japan and India had also announced a US$12 billion "Japan-India Make-in-India Special Finance Facility" fund to push investment.After the launch, India received investment commitments worth ₹16.40 lakh crore (US$230 billion) and investment inquiries worth ₹1.5 lakh crore (US$21 billion) between September 2014 to February 2016. As a result, India emerged as the top destination globally in 2015 for foreign direct investment (FDI), surpassing the USA and China, with US$60.1 billion FDI. Several states launched their own Make in India initiatives, such as "Make in Odisha", Vibrant Gujarat, "Happening Haryana" and "Magnetic Maharashtra". India received US $60 billion FDI in FY 2016-17.Combined with other initiatives by the end of 2017, India rose 42 places on Ease of doing business index, 32 places World Economic Forum's Global Competitiveness Index, and 19 notches in the Logistics Performance Index.This initiative converges, synergies and enables other important Government of India schemes, such as Bharatmala, Sagarmala, Dedicated Freight Corridors, Industrial corridors, UDAN-RCS, Bharat Broadband Network, Digital India.(Source: Wikipedia)Digital India: (Ministry of electronics and information technology) India has been undergoing massive digitization since the very start of Modi government. The main aim of this program is to provide rural connectivity and ensure digital benefits to poor and underprivileged sections of the society as well. 1,23,489 Gram Panchayats have now been connected with broadband services through Bharat Net project.As of 31 December 2018, India had a population of 130 crore people (1.3 billion), 123 crore (1.23 billion) Aadhaar digital biometric identity cards, 121 crore (1.21 billion) mobile phones, 44.6 crore (4460 million) smartphones, 56 crore (560 million) internet users up from 481 million people (35% of the country's total population) in December 2017, and 51 per cent growth in e-commerce.Jan Dhan Yojana: (Department of financial services, Ministry of Finance)PMJDY is a National Mission on Financial Inclusion encompassing an integrated approach to bring about comprehensive financial inclusion of all the households in the country. The plan envisages universal access to banking facilities with at least one basic banking account for every household, financial literacy, access to credit, insurance and pension facility. In addition, the beneficiaries would get RuPay Debit card having inbuilt accident insurance cover of र 1 lakh. The plan also envisages channelling all Government benefits (from Centre / State / Local Body) to the beneficiaries accounts and pushing the Direct Benefits Transfer (DBT) scheme of the Union Government. The technological issues like poor connectivity, online transactions will be addressed. Mobile transactions through telecom operators and their established centres as Cash Out Points are also planned to be used for Financial Inclusion under the Scheme.Under this scheme, 1.5 Crore (15 million) bank accounts were opened on inauguration day. The Guinness Book of World Records recognised this achievement, stating: "The most bank accounts opened in one week as a part of the financial inclusion campaign is 18,096,130 and was achieved by the Government of India from August 23 to 29, 2014". By 27 June 2018, over 31 crores (318 million) bank accounts were opened and over ₹792 billion (US$12 billion) were deposited under the scheme. Near 6 lakh crore rupees of benefits have been directly transferred to the bank accounts of beneficiaries saving thousands of crores of rupees and corruption in the manual transfer of money under DBT (Direct Benefit Transfer).Atal Pension Yojana: (Ministry of Finance)Atal Pension Yojana is a government-backed pension scheme targeted at the unorganised sector. As of May 2015, only 20% of India's population has any kind of pension scheme, this scheme aims to increase the number. Under the APY, the subscribers would receive the fixed minimum pension of Rs. 1000 per month, Rs. 2000 per month, Rs. 3000 per month, Rs. 4000 per month, Rs. 5000 per month, at the age of 60 years, depending on their contributions, which itself would be based on the age of joining the APY. The minimum age of joining APY is 18 years and maximum age is 40 years. Therefore, the minimum period of contribution by any subscriber under APY would be 20 years or more. The benefit of a fixed minimum pension would be guaranteed by the Government.The government would provide (i) fixed pension guarantee for the subscribers; (ii)would co-contribute 50% of the total contribution or Rs. 1000 per annum, whichever is lower, to eligible subscribers; and (iii) would also reimburse the promotional and development activities including an incentive to the contribution collection agencies to encourage people to join the APY.Source doc: APY details.Skill India: National Skill Development Corporation under the guidance of the Ministry of Skill Development & Entrepreneurship has introduced an initiative which allows aspirant candidates to register for skill training/learning and employment opportunities through the online portal. The aim is to train 40 crore people in India in different skills by 2022. It includes various initiatives such as "National Skill Development Mission", "National Policy for Skill Development and Entrepreneurship, 2015", "Pradhan Mantri Kaushal Vikas Yojana (PMKVY)" and the "Skill Loan scheme".Deen Dayal Antyodaya Yojana: (Ministry of Housing and Urban Poverty Alleviation)Deen Dayal Antyodaya Yojana (DAY) with an aim to uplift the urban poor folks by enhancing sustainable livelihood opportunities through skill development. Keeping in view the objective of Make in India, Skill Development is essential for socio-economic betterment. The government of India has provisioned Rs.500 crore for the scheme. The scheme is the integration of the National Urban Livelihoods Mission (NULM) and National Rural Livelihoods Mission (NRLM). Under the scheme urban areas extends the coverage to all the 4041 statutory cities and towns, thereby covering almost the entire urban population. Currently, all the urban poverty alleviating programmes covered only 790 towns and cities.Deen Dayal Upadhyaya Grameen Kaushal Yojana: The Vision of DDU-GKY is to "Transform rural poor youth into an economically independent and globally relevant workforce". It aims to target youth, in the age group of 15–35 years. DDU-GKY is a part of the National Rural Livelihood Mission (NRLM), tasked with the dual objectives of adding diversity to the incomes of rural poor families and cater to the career aspirations of rural youth. A corpus of Rs 1,500 crore is aimed at enhancing the employability of rural youth. Under this programme, disbursements would be made through a digital voucher directly into the student’s bank account as part of the government's skill development initiative.SAUBHAGYA: For years, politicians promise electricity in their manifestoes. Modi government is on the verge of achieving 100% electrification (of all the households) in the country. Isolated and remote areas which are inaccessible by grid are electrified by solar power. President praises govt’s marquee schemes such as Ujjwala, SaubhagyaHousing for all: (Ministry of Housing and Urban Affairs, Ministry of Rural Development_Pradhan Mantri Awas Yojana (PMAY) is an initiative by the Government of India in which affordable housing will be provided to the urban poor with a target of building 20 million affordable houses by 31 March 2022. It has two components: Pradhan Mantri Awas Yojana (Urban) (PMAY-U) for the urban poor and Pradhan Mantri Awaas Yojana (Gramin) (PMAY-G and also PMAY-R) for the rural poor. This scheme is converged with other schemes to ensure houses have a toilet, Saubhagya Yojana electricity connection, Ujjwala Yojana LPG gas connection, access to drinking water and Jan Dhan banking facilities, etc. Cumulative total number of funded houses approved thus far is 39,25,240 in the urban area including the subsumed RAY scheme and completion of construction of 5 million rural houses by March 2018 and 10 million rural houses by March 2019. Total houses completed under this scheme till now is 1,53,00,000. Another commendable initiative in the housing and real estate sector is the Real Estate (Regulation and Development) Act. Unregulated real estate sector creates a bubble in the economy where real estate prices go skyrocket and consumers are exploited by the builders and developers. It was common for builders to delay the construction, increase the prices, do not meet the standards in safety and other standards. RERA act has put in various checks to protect consumer's interests. The act is also aimed to push investments in the real estate sector. This is one of the important steps taken by the government to address problems in the real estate sector which common Indians generally are unaware of.AMURAT: (Ministry of Housing and Urban Affairs)The purpose of Atal Mission for Rejuvenation and Urban Transformation (AMRUT) is to (i) ensure that every household has access to a tap with assured supply of water and a sewerage connection; (ii) increase the amenity value of cities by developing greenery and well maintained open spaces (e.g. parks); and (iii) reduce pollution by switching to public transport or constructing facilities for non-motorized transport (e.g. walking and cycling). All these outcomes are valued by citizens, particularly women, and indicators and standards have been prescribed by the Ministry of Urban Development (MoUD) in the form of Service Level Benchmarks (SLBs).This is an infrastructural building scheme targetting cities with a population greater than 100,000.AMRUT scheme, the pace of basic development of cities.SMART cities mission: (Ministry of Housing and Urban Affairs)Smart City Mission, is an urban renewal and retrofitting program by the Government of India with the mission to develop 100 cities across the country making them citizen friendly and sustainable. Total funding of the project is ₹98000 crores.These 100 cities will be developed as model areas based on an area development plan, which is expected to have a rub-off effect on other parts of the city, and nearby cities and towns. Cities will be selected based on the Smart Cities challenge, where cities will compete in a countrywide competition to obtain the benefits from this mission. As of January 2018, 99 cities have been selected to be upgraded as part of the Smart Cities Mission after they defeated other cities in the Ristorante La Pescheria - Isola Pescatori - Lago Maggiore is a five-year program in which, except for West Bengal, all of the Indian states and Union territories are participating by nominating at least one city for the Smart Cities challenge. Financial aid will be given by the central and state governments between 2017-2022 to the cities, and the mission will start showing results from 2022 onwards. How Naya Raipur Is Emerging as One of the Most Well-Planned Smart Cities in India.Naya Raipur (Atal Nagar), though Naya Raipur has been in the making before this scheme.POSHAN: (Ministry of Women and Child development)POSHAN abhiyaan is India's flagship programme to improve nutritional outcomes for children, adolescents, pregnant women and lactating mothers by leveraging technology, a targeted approach and convergence. POSHAN dashboardMission Indradhanush: The ultimate goal of Mission Indradhanush is to ensure full immunization with all available vaccines for children up to two years of age and pregnant women. The Government has identified 201 high focus districts across 28 states in the country that have the highest number of partially immunized and unimmunized children.Earlier the increase in full immunization coverage was 1% per year which has increased to 6.7% per year through the first two phases of Mission Indradhanush. Four phases of Mission Indradhanush have been conducted till August 2017 and more than 2.53 crore children and 68 lakh pregnant women have been vaccinated.To further intensify the immunization programme, Prime Minister Shri Narendra Modi launched the intensified Mission Indradhanush (IMI) on October 8, 2017. Through this programme, the Government of India aims to reach each and every child up to two years of age and all those pregnant women who have been left uncovered under the routine immunisation programme/UIP. The special drive will focus on improving immunisation coverage in select districts and cities to ensure full immunisation to more than 90% by December 2018. The achievement of full immunisation under Mission Indradhanush to at least 90% coverage was to be achieved by 2020 earlier. With the launch of IMI, the achievement of the target has now been advanced.PMJAY: Ayushman Bharat: (NHA: National Health Authority)This is the single largest government-sponsored healthcare insurance scheme in the world covering 10 crore Indian families (50 crore individuals). The scheme offers an insurance cover of up to Rs 5 lakh per family per year. This is probably one of the top 5 groundbreaking schemes of the present government as out of pocket expenditure on healthcare is one of the biggest contributors to poverty in India. The ease of using the scheme is also fairly simple. Once the eligible individuals have been issued the e-cards, they can avail healthcare benefits in the registered hospitals. Apart from Delhi, Telangana and now Chhattisgarh, all states have implemented this scheme. Stupid CMs of these states not implementing this scheme due to anti-Modi bias. Kejriwal wants the name of the scheme to be Mukhya Mantri Aam Aadmi Swasthya Bima Yojana in Delhi, then only he will implement this scheme. Ayushman Bharat Scheme: Name game stalls implementation in DelhiUjjwala Scheme: Pradhan Mantri Ujjwala Yojana is a scheme of the Ministry of Petroleum & Natural Gas for providing LPG connections to women from Below Poverty Line (BPL) households. Total 6,29,18,784 connections have been provided till now under this scheme.Khelo India: (Ministry of Youth Affairs and Sports) India has a great potential in sports. While our cricket teams are doing well, we are performing way below our potentials in other sports (especially Olympic sports) such as athletics, football, swimming, etc. The reason being good sportsmen require world-class infrastructure, nutrition, coaching and regular competition to compete at the top of the international level. This can't happen overnight. This will require a shift in Indian culture as well as the government to see sports as another venue of employment and make the positions of at least the top sportsmen as good as that of a top government official. There are some positive signs and some Indian athletes have made their names at the top of international competitions (Hima Das, Dipa Karmakar, P. V. Sindhu, strong Badmintion, wrestling, Boxing teams).The Khelo India programme has been introduced to revive the sports culture in India at the grass-root level by building a strong framework for all sports played in our country and establish India as a great sporting nation. Talented players identified in priority sports disciplines at various levels by the High-Powered Committee will be provided annual financial assistance of INR 5 lakh per annum for 8 years.Beti Bachao Beti Padhao: (Ministry of Women and Child Development) Unfortunately, India has seen an alarming decline in Child Sex Ratio from 2001 to 2011 census (927 to 918). This is mainly due to gender bias and preference of a male child over females in some parts of India. This is one awful aspect of our society which needs to addressed immediately. Although there are strict laws against female foeticide (abortion of female children), many doctors still perform these operations secretly. Objectives of this scheme are to Prevent gender biased sex-selective elimination Ensure survival & protection of the girl child Ensure education of the girl childTriple Talaq Bill: In 1985, the Supreme Court gave a historic judgement in favour of Shah Bano where his husband was to provide for the maintenance of his aggrieved divorced wife (a right which was already available to non-Muslim women). However, the then Rajiv Gandhi government in the pursuit of appeasing Muslim vote banks enacted a law which overruled the Supreme Court judgement and the maintenance of divorced Muslim women fell on to her family members.About 30 years later, the Supreme Court gave another historic judgement wherein it banned the practice of Triple Talaq terming it as unIslamic and against basic human rights. Once again, Mulsim boards were unhappy with the decision and political parties (which are used to appeasing Muslim vote banks) started opposing the decision. Modi government, however, acted swiftly and has passed the Triple Talaq bill (making Triple Talaq offendable) in Lok Sabha. However, opposition parties have stalled the bill in Rajya Sabha as of now. Imagine a Congress government (with the coalition of Left in the centre). No such bill would have been introduced in the parliament for sure. Minority and vote bank appeasement has hit such a low that parties are willing to go against the basic human rights of the citizens. What they don't realize is that a large proportion of Muslims (especially women) are in favour of the bill. Political parties seriously underestimate the wisdom of the Indian citizens and always try to play on the emotional aspects of the voters.Improvement in Indian Railways: I will share some of my own objective views at this point. I am a regular commuter and I have been travelling through Indian railways quite frequently (at least twice in 4 months) since the last 10 years. I didn't had a good impression of Indian railways and railway stations, especially the sleeper class and cleanliness and hygiene of the platforms. After 2014, railways have undergone significant positive transformations. I have travelled on sleeper and AC coaches and to be fair, cleanliness and hygiene of sleeper classes have improved massively. Now, I don't hesitate much before booking my ticket in sleeper classes. Also, cleanliness of railway stations has improved by miles and there is free wifi in most of the big stations (not needed though due to JIO revolution).If we compare the status of Railways under the UPA government and under NDA government, we come across sharp differences between the two. Indian Railways did track laying work, which includes laying new tracks, doubling the existing lines, and converting narrow gauge to broad gauge, 11.5% faster during the NDA’s initial three-year rule than the Congress-led UPA government. The Railways has laid 7,666 km of tracks during 2014-17 (NDA’s rule), which is 794 km more than the UPA’s between 2009-12. Therefore, a considerable change has been brought under the NDA led government.Indian Railways under Modi government.However, that doesn't mean Indian railways is suddenly world class and all our problems are solved. Indian railway is suffering from immense pressure in terms of quantities of trains and freight traffic. And to please people and meet regional demands and an increasing number of passengers, the number of trains keep on increasing. Also, unfortunately, there have been some big train accidents in these past 5 years (although few of them seem to be due to potential sabotage by anti-national elements/terrorists). Indian railways are facing a tough challenge to meet the increasing demands of passengers, modernise its services all while improving punctuality and efficiency. These challenges can be met by infrastructure building and lesser political interference (remember Lalu, Mamta as railway ministers?). I am hopeful of the current government and railway minister compared to any railway minister we had in the past decade.Piyush Goyal on QuoraPiyush Goyal's answer to "What has Modi government done for the improvement of Indian railways?"Doubling farmers income: It doesn't matter how well a government does in finance, external affairs, economy, infrastructure; until and unless a government doesn't please farmers, they will lose elections. Agriculture in India is facing some serious challenges. We have a problem of having too many people involved in a sector that is volatile and unpredictable. Also, the return of profits on agricultural products isn't very lucrative to the actual farmers (due to the problem of middlemen and lack of proper market, Mandi for farmers to directly sell their produce). Previous governments and many state governments (including BJP) have employed the tactic of appeasing farmers by offering loan waivers (which is a terrible idea as said by Raghuram Rajan and Narendra Modi himself).The policy-making of the present government for the agricultural has undergone a significant shift wherein the government is trying to find sustainable ways to relieve the distress farmers and also to maintain and boost the growth in the agricultural sector. The present government has announced that it will take the necessary steps and reforms to double the farmer's income by 2022-23 (compared to 2015-16). Few committees have been appointed and studies are been conducted as to how this could be achieved.The sources of growth in output and income can be put in four categories. a)Development initiatives including the infrastructure b)Technology c)Policies and d)institutional mechanismsThe quantitative framework for doubling farmers income has identified seven sources of growth. These are: a)Increase in productivity of crops b)Increase in production of livestock c)Improvement in efficiency of input use (cost saving) d)Increase in crop intensity e)Diversification towards high-value crops f)Improved price realization by farmers g) A shift of cultivators to non-farm jobsReport of the Committee on Doubling Farmers’ IncomeSoil health card: (Ministry of Agriculture and Farmer's welfare)Launched in 2015, the scheme has been introduced to assist State Governments to issue Soil Health Cards to all farmers in the country. The Soil Health Cards provide information to farmers on the nutrient status of their soil along with the recommendation on appropriate dosage of nutrients to be applied for improving soil health and its fertility.This government website provides some interesting data obtained through this scheme such as a map of the Nitrogen content of soil in the country. Soil Health CardNational mission for sustainable agriculture: (Department of Agriculture, Cooperations and Farmers Welfare; Ministry of Agriculture and Farmers Welfare)The agriculture sector is the most adversely affected sector due to climate change. At this time, it's not enough just to boost agricultural productivity in the short run. We have to look for ways to adopt sustainable agricultural practices. NMSA is a step towards sustainable agriculture mission. Following are schemes under NMSARainfed Area Development (RAD): RAD is being implemented by RFS Division; Soil Health Management (SHM): SHM is being implemented by INM Division; Sub Mission on Agro-Forestry (SMAF): SMAF is being implemented by NRM Division; Paramparagat Krishi Vikas Yojana (PKVY): PKVY is being implemented by INM Division; Soil and Land Use Survey of India (SLUSI): Being implemented by RFS Division; National Rainfed Area Authority (NRAA): Being implemented by RFS Division; Mission Organic Value Chain Development in North Eastern Region (MOVCDNER): Being implemented by INM Division; National Centre of Organic Farming (NCOF): Being implemented by INM Division; Central Fertilizer Quality Control and Training Institute (CFQC&TI): implemented by INM DivisionNeem Coated Urea: (National Fertilizers Limited) This scheme is initiated to regulate the use of urea, enhance the availability of nitrogen to the crop and reduce the cost of fertilizer application. NCU slows down the release of fertilizer and makes it available to the crop in an effective manner. The entire quantity of domestically manufactured and imported urea is now neem coated. It reduces the cost of cultivation and improves soil health management. Production and distribution of Neem Coated Urea almost doubled in the year 2015-16.National FertilizersPradhan Mantri Krishi Sinchayee Yojana (PMKSY): (Department of Agriculture, Cooperations and Farmers Welfare; Ministry of Agriculture and Farmers Welfare)Pradhan Mantri Krishi Sinchayee Yojana (PMKSY) has been formulated with the vision of extending the coverage of irrigation ‘Har Khet ko pani’ and improving water use efficiency ‘More crop per drop' in a focused manner with end to end solution on source creation, distribution, management, field application and extension activities.Micro irrigation: targets and achievementsParamparagat Krishi Vikas Yojana: The Paramparagat Krishi Vikas Yojana (PKVY), launched in 2015, is an extendedcomponent of Soil Health Management (SHM) under the Centrally SponsoredScheme (CSS), National Mission on Sustainable Agriculture (NMSA). PKVY aims atsupporting and promoting organic farming, in turn resulting in the improvement of soil health. In his 2016 budget speech the Finance Minister, Arun Jaitley came out strongly in support of the implementation of the scheme. According to the scheme, farmers will be encouraged to form groups or clusters and take to organic farming methods over large areas in the country. To avail the scheme, each cluster or group must have 50 farmers willing to take up organic farming under the PKVY and possess a total area of at least 50 acres. Each farmer enrolling in the scheme will be provided INR 20,000 per acre by the government spread over three years time. This fund can be utilized for obtaining organic seed, harvesting of the crops, and transporting the produce to the local markets. The aim is to form 10,000 clusters over the next three years and bring about five lakh acres of agricultural area under organic farming. The government also intends to cover certification costs and promote organic farming through the use of traditional resources. Organic food, thus produced will be linked with modern marketing tools and local markets. The northeastern states of India shall be in special focus and the government shall step up efforts to connect the organic produce in these parts with both domestic and export markets. A sum of INR 412 crore has been allocated by the government to implement the Paramparagat Krishi Vikas Yojana in the financial year 2016-17.National Agriculture Market: (Department of Agriculture, Cooperations and Farmers Welfare; Ministry of Agriculture and Farmers Welfare)National Agriculture Market (NAM) is a pan-India electronic trading portal which networks the existing APMC mandis to create a unified national market for agricultural commodities. Agriculture marketing is administered by the States as per their agri-marketing regulations, under which, the State is divided into several market areas, each of which is administered by a separate Agricultural Produce Marketing Committee (APMC) which imposes its own marketing regulation (including fees). This fragmentation of markets, even within the State, hinders the free flow of agri commodities from one market area to another and multiple handling of agri-produce and multiple levels of mandi charges ends up escalating the prices for the consumers without commensurate benefit to the farmer.NAM addresses these challenges by creating a unified market through online trading platform, both, at State and National level and promotes uniformity, streamlining of procedures across the integrated markets, removes information asymmetry between buyers and sellers and promotes real-time price discovery, based on actual demand and supply, promotes transparency in auction process, and access to a nationwide market for the farmer, with prices commensurate with quality of his produce and online payment and availability of better quality produce and at more reasonable prices to the consumer.Pradhan Mantri Fasal Bima Yojana: (Ministry of Agriculture and Farmers Welfare)This scheme is aimed at supporting farmers in case of crop failure, disaster or post-harvest losses. In 2017 Kharif season, 34,776,055 farmers were insured under this scheme and 13,793,975 farmers benefitted from the scheme where claims worth 17,210 crore rupees were paid. Pradhan Mantri Fasal Bima Yojana (PMFBY) aims at supporting sustainable production in the agriculture sector by way of -providing financial support to farmers suffering crop loss/damage arising out of unforeseen events -stabilizing the income of farmers to ensure their continuance in farming -encouraging farmers to adopt innovative and modern agricultural practices -ensuring the flow of credit to the agriculture sector; which will contribute to food security, crop diversification and enhancing growth and competitiveness of the agriculture sector besides protecting farmers from production risks.Pradhanmantri Kisan Samman Nidhi Yojna: (Department of Agriculture, Cooperation and Farmer's welfare, Ministry of Agriculture and Farmers welfare)The government announced a fixed yearly income for small and marginal farmers. This scheme will benefit about 12 crore farmers who have 2 Hectare land. Under the scheme, income support of Rs.6000/- per year in three equal instalments will be provided to small and marginal farmer families having combined land holding/ownership of up to 2 hectares. The benefit under this yojna will be given retrospectively from December 2018. Rs. 75000 crore allotted for this scheme (100% centrally funded). This is a shift from loan waiver policies (which are clearly not healthy for our country's economy). This kind of scheme has been fairly successful in states such as Odisha.Pradhanmantri Shramyogi Maan-Dhan Yojna: Launched in this year's budget, it's a mega Pension Yojna. It is expected to be the largest in the World. It is for the unorganised sector (which is much larger than the organised sector in India) and organised workers who earn up to Rs. 15000 monthly income. A fixed pension amount of Rs 3000 per month will be given after 60 years of age. They will have to pay a minimum contribution of Rs 55 starting from age of 18 (an equal amount will be contributed by the government towards the premium). Minimum premium means if 29 years old person enters into it, he will have to pay only Rs. 100 per month. Rs. 500 crore for this scheme.MUDRA: (Ministry of Micro, Small, Medium Enterprises)MSME sector is the backbone of India's GDP growth. Not only does it contribute to a large percentage of Indian export, but it also employs the largest section of the Indian population after agriculture. MUDRA scheme is aimed at infusing capital to deserved entrepreneurs, boost the economy and create jobs.Pradhan Mantri MUDRA Yojana (PMMY) is a scheme launched by the Hon’ble Prime Minister on April 8, 2015, for providing loans up to 10 lakh to the non-corporate, non-farm small/micro enterprises. These loans are classified as MUDRA loans under PMMY. These loans are given by Commercial Banks, RRBs, Small Finance Banks, Cooperative Banks, MFIs and NBFCs. The borrower can approach any of the lending institutions mentioned above or can apply online through this portal. Under the aegis of PMMY, MUDRA has created three products namely 'Shishu', 'Kishore' and 'Tarun' to signify the stage of growth/development and funding needs of the beneficiary microunit/entrepreneur and also provide a reference point for the next phase of graduation/growth.MSME ministry is implementing various schemes: MSME schemesPlanning commission to NITI Aayog:(National Institute for Transforming India) Many of the policies and schemes I have described are results of NITI Aayog's ideas, research and planning. While it is similar in role to the erstwhile Planning commission, they are some key structural improvements. The biggest improvement is the role of states. NITI aayog's governing council also includes chief ministers of states while Planning commission was all central body. NITI Aayog serves as a knowledge hub of internal as well as external resources; serving as a repository of good governance best practices, and a Think Tank offering domain knowledge as well as strategic expertise to all levels of government. NITI Aayog is also a collaborative platform facilitating implementation; by monitoring progress, plugging gaps and bringing together various ministries at the Centre and in States, in the joint pursuit of developmental goals. A lot of indexes and ranks (such as the performance of aspirational districts) are published by NITI Aayog. This page on statistics is very informative. NITI Aayog: statistics.Revitalising Infrastructure and Systems in Education (RISE): The RISE scheme will be financed via a restructured higher education financing agency (HEFA) that is functioning for the last two months as a non-banking financial company. It aims to lend low-cost funds to government higher educational institutions. Presently, HEFA is looking to raise Rs20,000 crore and Budget announcement hiked this number to Rs1 trillion. While HEFA was granted a budgetary allocation of Rs250 crore in the fiscal year 2018, in FY19, the lending body will be provided with a budget of Rs2,750 crore.Institute of eminence: (MHRD) IIT Bombay, IIT Delhi, IISc Banglore are among the public sector institutes selected under this scheme.It is expected that the above-selected Institutions will come up in the top 500 of the world ranking in 10 years and in top 100 of the world ranking eventually over time. To achieve the top world ranking, these Institutions shall be provided with greater autonomy to admit foreign students up to 30% of admitted students; to recruit foreign faculty upto25% of faculty strength; to offer online courses up to 20% of its programmes; to enter into academic collaboration with top 500 in the world ranking Institutions without permission of UGC; free to fix and charge fees from foreign students without restriction; flexibility of course structure in terms of number of credit hours and years to take a degree; complete flexibility in fixing of curriculum and syllabus, among others.Each public Institution selected as ‘Institution of Eminence’ will get financialassistance up to Rs. 1000 Crore over a period of five years under this scheme.Foreign policy & International relations: Foreign policy has been one of the biggest highlights of the Modi government. Both Modi and Sushma Swaraj have played big parts in uplifting India's image in the world. Modi is talked about on the same level as Xi Jinping, Shinzo Abe. He has very good relations with Putin, Trump, Shinzo Abe, Benjamin Netanyahu, and even Arab and Iran leaders. His speeches in Wembley, Madison Square garden were brilliant and projected India to the world in ways which had not been done after Vajpayee. Modi managed to play well with Left (Macron, Merkel) and Right (Trump, Netanyahu) all while acting like a neutral central figure. His government also managed to expose Pakistan's state-funded terrorism (Pakistan currently on the grey list of FATF regarding terror financing) on a global level, while also going toe to toe with China at Doklam making them back off from their aggressive strategy. I will list some of the successes of India's foreign policies.International Day Of Yoga:"Yoga is an invaluable gift of India's ancient tradition. It embodies the unity of mind and body; thought and action; restraint and fulfilment; harmony between man and nature; a holistic approach to health and well-being. It is not about exercise but to discover the sense of oneness with yourself, the world and nature. By changing our lifestyle and creating consciousness, it can help in well being. Let us work towards adopting an International Yoga Day."— Narendra Modi, UN General AssemblyYoga is an ancient physical, mental and spiritual practice that originated in India. The word ‘yoga’ derives from Sanskrit and means to join or to unite, symbolizing the union of body and consciousness. Today it is practised in various forms around the world and continues to grow in popularity. Recognizing its universal appeal, on 11 December 2014, the United Nations proclaimed 21 June as the International Day of Yoga by resolution 69/131. The International Day of Yoga aims to raise awareness worldwide of the many benefits of practising yoga.International Solar Alliance: It is the first UN-based organisation initiated by India and having its headquarters in India (Gurugram).The International Solar Alliance (ISA) is an alliance of more than 121 countries initiated by India, most of them being sunshine countries, which lie either completely or partly between the Tropic of Cancer and the Tropic of Capricorn. now extended to all members of UN. The primary objective of the alliance is to work for efficient exploitation of solar energy to reduce dependence on fossil fuels. This initiative was first proposed by Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi in a speech in November 2015 at Wembley Stadium, in which he referred to sunshine countries as Suryaputra ("Sons of the Sun"). The alliance is a treaty-based inter-governmental organization. Countries that do not fall within the Tropics can join the alliance and enjoy all benefits as other members, with the exception of voting rights.India-Russia:The strongest and most consistent ally of India, Russia's partnership with India has only gotten better since 2014, especially in defence. Despite USA's constant warnings, India is buying the S-400 missile defence systems from Russia. The first-ever TriServices exercise –‘INDRA 2017’ took place in Vladivostok from October 19 to 29, 2017. Around 1,000 Indian servicemen and two naval ships took part in the Exercise along with more than a thousand Russian Servicemen. The exercise focused on Counter-terror operations. Joint India-Russia Airforce exercise ‘Avia Indra’ took place in Lipetsk from September 17-28, 2018.Kudankulam Nuclear Power Plant (KKNPP) is being built in India with Russian cooperation.Intensifying the trade and economic relations has been identified as a priority by both the leaders. In December 2014, the leaders of the two countries set a target of US$30 billion bilateral trade by 2025. Russian investments in India in 2017 has reached USD 18bn and India’s total investment in Russia so far is USD 13bn. The overall investment target of USD 30 bn that were set for 2025 has already been reached. The investment target has been raised from USD 30bn to USD 50bn by 2025 during the 19th Annual Bilateral Summit in October 2018.More details on India-Russia relations: Embassy of India, Moscow, bilateral relations: India-Russia.India-USA: It seems like the USA has finally come to its senses that it is India they should be backing in South Asia (and not Pakistan). Also, India is the only potential power in South Asia that can counter PRC (Peoples Republic of China). Unlike others such as China (allies with Russia), Israel (allies with the USA), India is one of the few countries who have good relations with the USA and Russia at the same time. US politics and world politics took an interesting turn with the revolutionary election of Donald Trump. Trump on the surface seems to be an admirer of Modi. This funny clip from Trump's campaign will give you an idea: Abki Baar Trump Sarkar.US is India’s largest trading partner in goods and services. The overall India-US bilateral trade in goods and services has increased from US$ 114 billion in 2016 to US$ 126 billion in 2017.USA, India, Japan, Australia (QUAD) have been cooperating in the Indo-Pacific region maritime security and free trade. But the main aim of this group is to counter Chinese aggression in the Indo-Pacific region.Hon’ble Vice President of India Shri Venkaiah Naidu visited the USA on 8-9 September 2018 to deliver an address at the 2nd World Hindu Conference held in Chicago.India-Pakistan: This page of Indian embassy of Pakistan summarizes Indian-Pakistan relations in nicer words: High commission of India-Pakistan: India-Pak relations.Narendra Modi played a masterstroke even before becoming PM by inviting all the leaders of SAARC countries (including Nawaz Sharif) in his oath-taking ceremony. His message was clear: "We are ready for dialogue if you can get your act and Army together." We all know this was never going to happen. Modi most probably knew it too. However, he wanted the ball to be in Pak's court. And Pak army as usual massively increased ceasefire violations across LoC in Kashmir. Indian Army was replying strongly and more freely under Modi and search and kill operations in Kashmir intensified (elaborated further under Kashmir situation point). Also, India continuously exposed Pakistan's support for terrorism at various international level summits. Finally, FATF (Financial Action Task Force) put Pakistan in greylist due to its suspicious acts of terror funding. Another highlight was India taking Pakistan to International Court of Justice in the case of Kulbhushan Jadhav whom the Pakistani army & government have falsely framed in a spying case and awarded death penalty without even giving him a proper defence.If you breed terrorism, terrorists will ultimately bite you also. Pakistan witnessed major terror attacks including a cowardly attack at a school in Peshawar. That should have forced them to take strong actions against all kinds of terrorism. But else, trained terrorists in PoK executed a series of terror attacks in Pathankot and Uri. The second attack was the tipping point, the whole nation was angry. The government gave a green light to surgical strikes. And Indian army in a series of surgical strikes destroyed multiple terror bases in PoK killing dozens of terrorist without a single casualty (Uri: The surgical strike is an excellent movie on the same). After that, India-Pakistan relations strained even worse which is a good thing as we don't want anything to do with a nation whose Army and intelligence is constantly planning evil against my nation (to hell with Aman ki Aasha). Pakistan's funding by the USA also saw major setbacks. Now, Pakistan is heavily reliant on China for investments, funding, international support. And China is using Pakistan for its belt and road initiative and giving huge loans to Pakistan (which obviously they won't be able to pay, going into a debt trap, a strategy China has been employing against many smaller nations). Things aren't looking so good for Pakistan (considering even a bigger moron in Imran Khan is their new PM). I don't have anything against Pakistani citizens (I wish to visit sites of Harappa and Mohenjodaro someday) and I really do wish peace and prosperity for them. However, their government and army's biggest point of interest is their hatred for India. This government finally is acting in a tit for tat manner, working smartly in various fronts to isolate Pakistan and also not hesitating in a strong attacking (defensive offence as termed by Ajit Doval) response across LoC.Edit: After writing the above section on India-Pak relations, an unfortunate incident happened in Pulwama where 40+ CRPF Indian soldiers were martyred in a jihadi suicide bombing terrorist attack. Pakistan based terror outfit- Jais-e-Mohammad (JeM) took responsibility. The whole nation was sad, angry and wanted a stern response to Pakistan (not just a limited surgical strike). The government first took away MFN (Most Favored Nation) status from Pakistan, imposing duties of 200% on goods coming from Pakistan. India also declared that it will divert the waters of three rivers (Ravi, Beas, Sutlej) for its own use (still within the limits of Indus water treaty). Almost the entire world (including China) was with India this time and the pressure was on Pakistan to take action against terrorists. As usual, Pakistan instead resorted to protecting terrorists, shifting them from LoC fearing another surgical strike.India went a step ahead this time. On 26th February, between 3:45 and 3:55 am, Indian Air Force carried out a series of operations, dropping explosives of around 1000kgs, destroying multiple terrorist camps at Balakot, Muzaffarabad, Chakoti. The strike that made the biggest headlines was Balakot because Balakot is inside the main Pakistani territory (and not PoK which is legally a part of India). This is not an easy task. It was carried within 13 days of Pulwama attacks. Pakistan was alert this time around. Still, IAF managed to finish off a few hundred terrorists (exact numbers unknown as Pak is obviously covering up the incident). This strike was carried out on terrorist camps avoiding civilian and military casualties. The next day, Pakistan foolishly tried to air-attack Indian military bases in Kashmir but was chased away by IAF piolets. A MIG-21 piolet Abhinandan shooting down an advanced F-16 plane of PAF. His plane, however, crashed in PoK and he was captured and harassed by Pakistani citizens and army. However, due to the Geneva convention and fear of India declaring PAF's attack as an act of war, the Pakistani government quickly said that they are releasing Abhinandan, the next day.Three big conclusions can be drawn from these whole series of incidents.Indian Army, Airforce and Navy (along with the intelligence) are badass and if they are allowed to do their jobs with proper resources and without political interference, they will finish their tasks without any doubt (even Pakistanis know this). Modi is one strong, nationalist leader. There is no doubt that his leadership is one of the reasons why IAF could carry out such bold operation and such international pressure could be mounted on Pakistan where even OIC (Organization of Islamic countries) invited Sushma Swaraj as chief guest despite the protest of Pakistan. The third conclusion is that many of the opposition parties and lefty, pseudo-liberal morons can stoop to any level just to oppose Modi. While the whole world was supporting the Indian government on this issue, these morons were busy trying to find anything to weaken India's case because Narendra Modi is the prime minister(one stupid website even published a piece of fake news regarding caste of martyrs, another moronic media house displayed the details of the family of Abhinandan Varthaman).This is obviously not the end of India-Pak saga and I hope the Indian government have learnt their lessons and formulate a long term anti-Pak policy (economic, international, military, etc.). At this moment in time, only the Modi government is capable of carrying out such a policy of defensive-offensive mode in the larger interest of our nation. How to tackle Pakistan by Ajit Doval India National Security Adviser.India-China (Doklam): Many people consider China to be the biggest threat to India. Many however see India as the powerhouse that can counter China in South Asia. In fact, for this very reason, the USA can't afford to have bad relations with India. China has been flexing its muscles and the Chinese Communist Party is very-very ambitious and greedy (usual for a communist dictator regime). China has a very cunning way of giving big loans to smaller countries, which those countries fail to repay (they even struggle with the interests), then forcing those countries into serving all sorts of Chinese purposes (leasing a port for Chinese navy, e.g. Hambantota port, Sri Lanka). This is part of China's string of pearls strategy.To counter the string of pearls, India has been making strategic ties with multiple countries and island nations. Some of these are Assumption islands in Seychelles, Agalega islands (Mauritius), Chahbahar port (Iran), QUAD navy exercises in the Indian ocean, ties with Indonesia, Malaysia, etc.India is the one South Asian country that is not backing down from the CCP's bullying tactics. The best example of this was the Doklam situation. People's Liberation Army of Chinese Communist Party (yes, the army is affiliated to CCP, not China) started building roads in the Doklam plateau which belongs to Bhutan. Also, the plateau is at a strategic location and road could have been a potential threat to Indian security. Anyways, obliging the friendship agreement between India and Bhutan, the Indian army confronted the Chinese intrusions. There was intense face-off for months. CCP's state-run media houses started publishing war-threats against India hoping that India would back down due to these threats. India didn't. Meanwhile, Modi met Xi Jinping at G20 summit and both agreed to send their delegates for talks about the Doklam issue. After a series of talks, CCP's army retrieved and stopped its construction and then, Indian army also retrieved from the plateau. Excellent video explaining the situation with light humour: Who won the India/China border war, China Uncensored.One area, however, where China has a massive edge is in the trade. India has the largest trade deficit with China (nearly $51.72 billion). But that is the case with almost any other country in the world. Most of the countries have huge trade deficits with China due to low manufacturing, SEZ and development of manufacturing hubs such as Shenzen. However, the Chinese manufacturing boom has reached its peak growth rate (increasing wages in China though due to communist rule and little human rights and labour laws, it's way easier and cheaper to manufacture iPhones in China). India has a chance to at least start reducing the trade deficit by boosting Make in India initiatives (Samsung Inaugurates World’s Largest Mobile Factory in India).The world is facing two big problems which will shape the geopolitics in the coming years. First is the refugee, immigration crisis leading to unrest in many countries (especially in Europe) and second is the CCP's aggressive policies and how countries especially the Chinese neighbours tackle these aggressive policies. India in such times has shown a way by not backing down to the Chinese tactics and protesting Belt and Road initiative. At the same time, India is not cutting off trade ties and still a partner of Asian Investment and Infrastructure Bank, Shanghai corporation, BRICS and other such major international institutions.India-Israel: Israel has been the most reliable and true friend of India since independence. It was Israel (along with Russia) who always backed India in wars against Pakistan (despite the USA openly supporting Pak). Israel was also supportive of India in the Kargil war. This is because Israel truly understands India's situation with a terror breeding neighbour state (Pakistan). Despite being such a small nation, Israel has emerged as the leading centre of innovation in defence, agriculture, all kinds of technology possible. It is only in the best interests of India to learn from Israel and adapt their solutions to some of our own problems (agriculture, terrorists). Despite all this Israeli support, no Indian PM had ever visited Israel (because of the soft corner of Muslims for Palestine). Modi however, acknowledging the Israeli support became the first Indian PM to pay a visit to Israel. In return, Israeli PM Mr Benjamin Netanyahu made a very warm, eventful visit to India leading to further strengthening of Indo-Israel ties.Some areas of cooperation between the two countries are listed below.India and Israel have a bilateral agreement for cooperation in agriculture. India has benefited from Israeli expertise and technologies in horticulture mechanization, protected cultivation, orchard and canopy management, nursery management, micro-irrigation and post-harvest management particularly in Haryana and Maharashtra. Israeli drip irrigation technologies and products are now widely used in India. Some Israeli companies and experts are providing expertise to manage and improve dairy farming in India through their expertise in high milk yield.India imports critical defence technologies from Israel. There are regular exchanges between the armed forces. There is cooperation on security issues, including a Joint Working Group on Counter-Terrorism. Since 2015, IPS officer trainees have been visiting the Israel National Police Academy every year for a one-week long foreign exposure training at the end of their training in the National Police Academy, Hyderabad.More details: Indian embassy, Israel.Other countries:Modi made visits to numerous countries one after another. What you might not know is the fact that the number of visits by Modi was, in fact, similar in numbers to the number of visits made by former PM Manmohan Singh. Modi's foreign trips bringing better dividends than Manmohan.The reason you remember Modi's foreign trips are because of course they are more recent and secondly, they are more impactful, way more impactful than any Indian PM has ever managed. You think about his speeches at jam-packed Madison Square Garden, Wembley or him receiving 27 standing ovations in his 52 minutes speech in the US Senate. Some of the achievements of this government I could think of over the top of my head are resolving decade-old border issues with Bangladesh, rescuing Indians and some other nationals from war-torn Yemen (Operation Raahat), Modi receiving the highest civilian awards in Afganistan (The Amir Amanullah Khan Award) and Saudi Arabia (Abdulaziz Al Saud Award), and more recently, the prestigious Seoul Peace prize (South Korea). Each of these foreign trips also benefitted India in numerous deals and negotiations (details of which require comprehensive research and outside the scope of this article). You can be a big Modi hater but you can't deny the fact that he has presented India as an emerging global power and make people of the world talk about India in a positive way that was not seen during 10 years of Manmohan era. That's the personality of Modi and what he brings to the table. He is making friends with the leaders of Russia, Israel, USA, Japan, Suadi, Afganistan, France, etc. Name a leader in the world who can do that (apart from neutral nations like Switzerland).Internal Security & Defense: As a trusted man of the Prime Minister, National Security Adviser Ajit Doval has been given the authority to lead the way to shape and bring up to speed India’s national security architecture. I have already touched upon Modi government's success in Doklam and giving befitting reply Pakistan sponsored terrorism in previous points. Other success includes calmer North-east, declining Naxal influence (details in a later point), no major terrorist attack on civilians and faster, transparent procurement of defence equipment (explained in a later point) and thrust to indigenous defence manufacturing under 'Make in India".This is an excellent review of the Modi government's policy in the defence and security sector by Lt Gen (retd) Syed Ata Hasnain: Four Years Of Modi Government: India’s Security SectorKashmir situation: On the surface, if you do a naive analysis, you will conclude that there has been an increase in the insurgency in the valley with the coming of Modi government. However, if you truly understand the Kashmir problem, this would come to you as no surprise. See, roots of the Kashmir problem are in the Islamic radicalization, Pakistan funded jihadists and articles 370 and 35A. With the coming of Modi into power, it was easier for Pakistan and separatists to radicalize more people in the valley. The thing is, a large number of Muslims still think that Modi is anti-Muslims (with a little more research, they could find out that Muslims are way more prosperous in Gujrat than at West Bengal, Kerala). Also, the failure of BJP-PDP alliance meant a political vacuum in the valley for long durations. Another reason for unrests in the valley is the stern actions of security forces this time around (as they have the full backing of the central government now). There have been many crackdowns on separatist leaders and their fishy finances (funding from Pakistan, Saudi). Recently, the government banned another fishy and most possibly a terror breeding organization Jamaat-e-Islami and Rs 52 crore in cash has been recovered just from their Srinagar offices! In a country where a large majority of political parties lack the spine to take actions against any fishy Islamic organizations (for Muslim vote appeasement), the agencies under this government are going after these organizations and their finances one after the another. And fishy Islamic organizations (and their strong financial network) are at the centre of all the nonsense that is going on in the Kashmir valley (you don't hear about stone pelting in Ladakh or Jammu, do you). Opinion: The Islamic aspect of the Kashmir problemNaxalism: I am from Chhattisgarh (a native Chhattisgarhi) and one of the stupidest assumptions amongst many people I have come across is that Chhattisgarh is a Naxalite state. Wrong. Chhattisgarh is very much like the other states of India. There are small pockets of areas (mostly forests) in few districts (Sukma, Dantewada, Bastar) where Naxalism is still a menace. Major portions and people of Chhattisgarh aren't under any kind of Naxal influence. In fact, Bastar, Dantewada is one of the major tourist hotspots of the state. Naxalism has its roots in Maoism. If anyone has ever done even 15-minute half-decent research on Mao, they would instantly know that this isn't a good thing. Whatever Maoists are up to can't be good. However, Naxalism has many sympathizers and supporters in our universities, media, politics. And the people who have to ultimately suffer are the villagers and security personnel of our country. Thankfully, areas of influence of Naxalites are shrinking day by day. Maoist influence shrinks: Centre removes 44 districts from affected lists.The centre has also launched various schemes targeting development of Naxal affected districts, such as aspirational district program and Eklavya schools.Sukma ambush: Improving connectivity is the only way to reach out to naxal affected villagers.Defence procurements and manufacturing: India is the largest importer of arms and ammunition in the world. It's not something to be proud of. For years, governments have neglected R&D and indigenous manufacturing of defence products. Modi government has given a big boost to the indigenous defence manufacturing through Make in India. AK-203 rifles to be Made in India in partnership with a Russian Company.Also, the defence procurements over the years have been slow and plagued by long negotiations, corruption scandals leading to a depletion of the squadrons of Air Force to 32 (ideally, it should be 42). The Defence Acquisition Council has been taking swift decisions in most cases for procurement of necessary types of equipment and services. It is to be noted that one can't just restore 32 squadrons to 42 squadrons within a year or two. It will take a long time (probably another 10 years), to restore our squadron strength to 42 as buying, manufacturing and maintaining fighter jets aren't as simple and there are various constraints (speed of productions, changing requirements of IAF, high cost, the constraint of the budget, retirement of existing planes, etc.). Some of the notable acquisitions, approved by the council ar Rafale fighter aircraft from France, S-400 missile defence systems from Russia.OROP:Income tax slab raised to Rs. 5 lakh: This was announced in this year's budget wherein income tax relief has been increased to Rs. 5 lakh (a welcomed and much-awaited announcement for years).Inflation under control:Inflation rate over the years (includes a projection for the future)Now, analyzing economic parameters aren't that straightforward. I mean I can't give 100% credit of this controlled inflation to the central government. A good amount of credit also goes to RBI for striking a balance between various interest rates. The global economy also plays a big part. However, one incident is worth mentioning. A few months back, petrol and diesel prices caught fire. Everyone from the opposition started criticizing the government and even called for a Bharat Bandh. This all played out for about a few weeks and then, everyone just forgot about the issue and moved on. What actually happened? The petrol and diesel prices got under control. The central government reduced excise duty by Rs 2.5 and all of the BJP ruled states reduced their taxes by the same amount (on the advice of FM) in between. The government took swift steps it could to control the prices which isn't one can say about a lot of other governments (AAP in Delhi, Mamta in WB didn't cut down on taxes even during high prices).How Modi reduced Petrol Prices in India is a great success story.GDP & economic growth: Notably, in the last four years, since the election of Narendra Modi to power in 2014, India has beaten four big economies to secure its position as the world’s sixth largest economy, piping France last year, the World Bank said in a recent report. India to overtake United Kingdom as 5th largest economy in 2019: Three key things to know.A steady GDP growth rate[/caption]India is the fastest growing trillion dollar economy in the world. Modi government has brought in various economic reforms and measures (demonetization, GST, digitization, ease of doing business, startups, credits, etc. all explained in later points). Many of these measures take time to reflect into the macroeconomic parameters (e.g. GST). Even, then the economic growth rate has been steady and strong and will remain so according to various projections even though the world might experience an economic slowdown.Fiscal discipline: In very simple terms, the reduced fiscal deficit means a stable economy, controlled inflation, less payment of interests (waste of tax money). The state of a healthy economy is very much dependent on fiscal consolidation by the government. Many times, governments spend money recklessly on policies and schemes which may not have any long-lasting returns. For example, loan waivers. But for spending money higher than their incomes, governments borrow money from various means (bonds, loans). For borrowed money, they obviously have to pay interests. This is a vicious debt trap which many countries have fallen to (Sri Lanka, Greece, Venezuela and India in the past). Other effects include high inflation, high credit interest rates by banks, volatility in the market. Modi government has been praised by many economists for maintaining fiscal discipline much better than the previous governments. Finance ministry is targetting a fiscal deficit of less than 2.5% of the GDP by 2022-23.Fiscal deficit of India over the years as % of GDPDemonetization: Probably the most talked about and the most misunderstood policy of Modi government was demonetization. Before going into the details of demonetization, I would like to share some of my personal opinions regarding some cries that were spread by some journalists and some of my friends on facebook. The cries were that demonetization caused the common Indian public so much inconvenience while the rich, corrupt people got away with their money by eventually making them white and depositing them into the Indian banks. Firstly, these cries that some people make don't reflect the opinion of the masses. From so many people that I met during the waiting lines outside ATMs or after the whole exercise, the majority of the people were united in this exercise. I have never seen such a large number of Indians cooperating so beautifully outside the ATM lines. A big kudos also go to the thousands of bank employees who worked so hard during the whole exercise. My point, the majority of the public and bank employees were willing to sacrifice their convenience for a few months in the fight for black money and corruption. Demonetization had some negative effects especially in businesses heavily reliant on cash (such as real estate). It also had a negative effect on the informal sector. However, the number of income taxpayers increased by 25% in just one year. Digital transactions multiplied many times. Crores of fake currencies circulated in our economy (mostly by terrorists from across borders) became useless. Also, since the majority of the cash returned back to the banks, they have now a better account of incomes of various bank accounts. Money returning to banks doesn't mean it's automatically becoming white. It means easier jobs for Income Tax departments, EDs to crackdown on the black money. This guy has a very interesting alternative theory on why demonetization was done by the government: Yashas Shukla's answer to ""99.3% demonetised notes came back, concedes Reserve Bank of India" Does this mean that Modi's demonetisation did nothing for India?"Was Demonetization the crown jewel of Modi government's economic policy? No.Could demonetization have been planned better? Yes.Was it a complete failure? No.Was it a complete success? No.What I liked about the exercise was the intent of the government to take bold, decisive steps and the support it got from the masses. This is a divided issue where economists are split in their assessments. I am kind of in the middle where I see both the achievements and failures (mostly short term) of the move.GST (Goods & Service Tax): If demonetization was a misunderstood policy of the government, GST is the un-understood policy of the government. More than Rs. 18 lakh crore collected through GST. Before explaining GST in brief, it is important to note that GST implementation was inevitable in the Indian economy. It's is step forward in unification and simplification of taxes that has been in the planning for more than a decade since the later years of the Vajpayee government. I don't know why it took so long. But eventually, the Modi government went ahead with the GST (with the support of the states and other political parties).GST is often termed as one nation one tax. It is because it will subsume and merge various indirect taxes imposed by centre and states. Prominent central taxes that are merged are CENVAT, Service tax, additional and special customs duty, central surcharge, central cess and additional excise duty. Similarly, prominent state-level taxes like state-level VAT, entertainment tax, luxury tax, taxes on gambling and lottery, entry tax, octroi etc are be subsumed. Every decision regarding GST is made by GST council which has a representation of the centre and states. GST explained in detail.What's the benefit of GST?GST is the biggest reform in the Indian economy after 1991. Many saw GST as a disruptive measure for the Indian economy. However, the tax collections and compliance by the merchants have been promising. Also, many advanced economies such as New Zealand have suffered bigger shocks in the past due to GST implementation. Compared that to India and the Indian economy has been adopting decently to the GST era. Also, the GST council makes necessary changes from time to time depending upon the feedback and needs of the consumers and merchants.Insolvency & Bankruptcy code: A common Indian may not understand the importance of the IBC code. But this code has played a big role in India's improvement in ease of doing business rankings.The Insolvency and Bankruptcy Code, 2016 (IBC) is the bankruptcy law of India which seeks to consolidate the existing framework by creating a single law for insolvency and bankruptcy. The bankruptcy code is a one-stop solution for resolving insolvencies which were a long process and did not offer an economically viable arrangement. A strong insolvency framework where the cost and the time incurred is minimised in attaining liquidation has been long overdue in India. The code will be able to protect the interests of small investors and make the process of doing business a less cumbersome process.Fugitive economic offenders act: Some of the economic offenders made big headlines in the past 5 years by leaving the country to escape the jurisdiction of our agencies and court. Despite this, there was no proper law to confiscate the property of these offenders for resolving their loans and taxes. Fugitive economic offenders act is that law which has been passed recently by the parliament. The Fugitive Economic Offenders Act, 2018 is an Act of the Parliament of India that seeks to confiscate properties and assets of economic offenders that evade prosecution by remaining outside the jurisdiction of Indian courts. Economic offences with a value of more than Rs 100 crores, which are listed in the schedule of the Fugitive Economic Offenders Act, come under the purview of this law. Recently, on 5 January 2019, Special Prevention of Money Laundering Act (PMLA) court has declared Vijay Mallya a fugitive economic offender. His properties can now be confiscated by the government. Also, the bungalow of Nirav Modi was destroyed as it violated various environmental guidelines. Things aren't looking so good for these offenders, especially if their properties are based in India. Nirav Modi runs away in London taxi after British journalist asks him about his fraud.Ease of doing business: The economic conditions of independent India wasn’t always good, especially till 1991. We were one of the poorest countries at the time of independence. We had the potential to be the next superpower because of our geographic, demographic strengths. But our leaders crippled our economy by socialist policies (which has been worldwide failure latest victim being Venezuela). "Garibi Hatao" was the cry for every election for decades. PSUs were running on huge losses. The country hardly had any foreign exchange when our government was kind of forced to liberalise our economy in 1991. However, our government and bureaucracy still have many elements of the archaic, socialist, regulatory, corrupt and business disruptive policies.This government made many significant and big reforms (such as digitization, ease of getting government/environment clearances in timely manners, insolvency code, ease of credit, permit for construction, etc.). These reforms started showing their results and India made the biggest jumps (improvements) in ease of doing business rankings. Meaning, it is comparatively much easier to open and operate businesses in India. However, India has still a long way to go and the government is aiming for under 50 rank within a few years.India no longer home to the largest number of poor people in the world: We are so bombarded by negative news by media outlets (especially leftist media) all the time with overanalysis (and misleading) of government policies and writing long essays (just like this one) on issues without making any sense. However, this point is to appreciate the fact that extreme poverty (number of people living on less than $1.90 a day) in India is falling at a very high rate (306 million in 2011 to 70 million in late 2018). That's from 25% of the population to less than 3% of the population today. Extreme poverty in India is falling fast!A steady government with economic reforms, DBT (direct benefit transfer), Jan Dhan, MUDRA, ease of doing business and other policies I described above will certainly maintain (if not increase) this rate of poverty drop for the next 4-5 years.Proper respect and recognition to Subhash Chandra Bose and INA: If you ask an average person that "How did India got freedom?" They will probably tell you, because of Gandhi. Wrong. Gandhi had a big role in uniting India and he was without a doubt the biggest mass leader of that era. However, the reason Britishers had to leave India so rushedly after second world war is because of the shrewd politics of Netaji and the role played by INA soldiers in making even the soldiers of the British Army, Navy and Airforce go for mutiny. The public trials of INA soldiers that time created a huge wave of sympathy for them and Congress, Hindu Mahasabha, RSS, CPI, and even Muslim League were with INA and against Britishers. You can say that Netaji's tactics and sympathy created by INA soldiers gave a knockout blow to the British empire. Despite such a big contribution to the Indian freedom struggle, Netaji has been ignored by the governments for years in every forms possible (naming of stadiums, schemes, history books).Finally, when Modi came to power, India had a prime minister who was a true admirer and was inspired by Netaji.Is Narendra Modi really interested in Netaji? (Views of Anuj Dhar author, the go-to man to know anything about Netaji).As Anuj mentioned in the video that Modi was interested in Netaji long before he became India's PM. The government declassified 100 files related to Netaji.Netaji files.Prime Minister Narendra Modi joined a flag-hoisting ceremony on Oct 21, 2018, to mark the 75th anniversary of 'Azad Hind Government' headed by Subhash Chandra Bose. Netaji was again remembered in Modi's visit to Andaman and Nicobar islands (Saheed and Swaraj dweep as named by Netaji). Also, for the first time, INA soldiers took part in this republic day parade. For me, Lokmanya Tilak (pioneer of Swaraj and mass movements in India), Mahatma Gandhi and Netaji S. C. Bose were the three biggest and revolutionary freedom fighters against the Britishers. Finally, the government is recognizing the legacy of Netaji.Ram Janmabhoomi, Ayodhya: We all know what is the stance of BJP vs rest of the parties on Ram temple in Ayodhya. Hindus are demanding Ram temple at a site which has been established by Archaeological Survey of India, originally as a site of a temple (or temple like structure). Now, people will say, "But that was history, why do you want to do what Babur did again?" My answer to this is, thousands of temples were destroyed in India due to Islamic invasions. Hindus aren't demanding temple at every location. This particular temple was important as it is regarded as the birthplace of Lord Ram. Also, Babur was a racist Islamic invader. He hated Indian culture and Indians (he bragged about these things himself). Baburi Mosque was the symbol of that hate (although destruction of the mosque was a mistake and made this issue much worse). Even many Muslims want to help Hindu community rebuild the temple and Hindus want to build a mosque for Muslims at another location. That is the ideal solution. However, Sunni board and mullahs are creating a lot of problems and lawyers from Congress and other opposition parties are supporting them in their cases (vote bank politics). Supreme Court has set a mediation board (which will probably fail). After these efforts by the Supreme Court, only the central government can build the temple as the land legally belongs to the government and we all know which party takes pride in Indian culture and will go ahead with the Ram temple in Ayodhya.Minimum Government, Maximum Governance: This starts from the top with a lesser number of ministers. Minimum Government, Maximum Governance: Narendra Modi.A citizen friendly and accountable administration is the focus of the Government. A series of steps to achieve this goal have been initiated. These include simplification of procedures, identification and deletion of archaic laws/rules, identification and shortening of various forms, leveraging technology to bring in transparency in public interface and a robust public grievance redress system. Promotion of Self-Certification in place of affidavits and attestation by Gazetted Officers is one important step in this regard. This greatly reduces the time and effort on the part of both the citizen as well as the Government officials.Leveraging the power of information technology brings with it the advantage of transparency and speed. One of the focus areas of Government is to reduce the decision making layers to the minimum while allowing for faster means of information sharing/dissemination.The Government has launched a website [email protected] for this purpose. This is a citizen-centric platform to empower people to connect with the Government and contribute towards good governance.These and some other steps by the government had positive impacts on the ease of doing business in our country.Competent, uncorrupt ministers: We are so used to nepotism and favouritism in politics. I mean look at even the distant family members of the Yadav family (both Mulayam and Lalu), Gandhi family and friends, Karunanidhi, etc. Rabri Devi was CM of Bihar. This was the standard of Indian politics. This government has competent ministers none of whom have faced any kind of corruption charges. I will be describing some of the important ministers in the next few points.Rajnath Singh: He has M.Sc. in Physics and he was a Physics lecturer early in his career. He is a veteran of Indian politics being in charge of various ministries under Vajpayee government, UP CM, president of BJP. He was in charge of the Home Ministry and apart from many initiatives, the one which I would like to mention is "Bharat ke Veer."Sushma Swaraj: She was a former Supreme Court lawyer. I have been a fan of her speeches since the time of Vajpayee government when I was 8-12 years old and I used to watch Doordarshan news almost daily. She was called India's 'best-loved politician' by wall street journal. If not Modi, then she could easily have been the PM. The foreign ministry was one of the best performing ministries of GOI and Sushma was at the epicentre of it. Sadly, this was her last political innings and she won't be contesting elections now. My best wishes to her.Mindblowing facts about Sushma Swaraj by Vishal Kaul, Quora.Arun Jaitley: Another highly qualified, senior advocate of the Supreme Court of India. Finance Ministry was probably the most dynamic ministry in the last 5 years bringing so many changes all while maintaining steady growth, controlled inflation, fiscal discipline. Despite the economic slowdown in the World Economy, the Indian economy is projected to grow at a steady, solid rate and some credit of this also goes to the Finance minister of this government.Nirmala Sitharaman, Suresh Prabhu, Piyush Goyal, Manohar Parrikar etc.: Nirmala Sitharaman joined BJP only in 2006 and 11 years later, only because of her abilities and competence, she became the first female Defence minister of India.Mr Piyush Goyal is the 2018 Carnot Prize Recipient for distinguished contributions to energy policy. He has served on the boards of SBI and Banks of Baroda.Suresh Prabhu is a Chartered Accountant by profession and a member of the Institute of Chartered Accountants of India (ICAI). Since 1996, Prabhu has been a repeatedly elected Member of Parliament from Rajapur Lok Sabha constituency in Maharashtra.Manohar Parrikar now CM of Goa, is a distinguished alumn of IIT Bombay.Ministers under these government had proven track records and shown their competence with time. Compare that to ministers of the previous government and there is a difference of day and night. It's not even close.Worst opposition in years:That is one scary picture. Democracy is about choices. In the end, ultimately you have to choose between the candidates. I don't have a problem with the fact that Rahul Gandhi is dumb. My problem with RG is that he is a liar. And when an idiot starts lying, things get messy and dangerous. He peddles lies of all kinds, lies like Rafale scam (against National Security), lies about China-Doklam, stupid statements against India's foreign policy (which are then used by enemy countries against India). He doesn't have any kind of understanding of the weight of issues. He has no idea how policies and governments work. His constituency, Amethi is one of the most backward constituencies. The sad truth is, it is highly likely that one day, he will be India's PM unless Congress is out of power for the next 30 years.The dangerous thing is Rahul Gandhi is probably the best amongst these lot (except maybe Chandrababu).There are many incidents when these politicians stooped to new lows just to be on the opposite side of Modi. Be it surgical strikes, India-China Doklam standoff or the anti-nationals of JNU (Kanhaiya Kumar chargesheeted).Indians, however, are getting smarter, united and people like Kanhaiya, Dhruv Rathee, Kunal Kamra are employed only because Modi is in the power. You tell me a profit-making, successful company (NDTV's TRPs are down) that will hire an unqualified, useless PhD like Kanhaiya whose thesis appeared in a black-listed journal. Kanhaiya Kumar’s PhD thesis appears in a journal internationally blacklisted as a ‘predatory journal’.And then, there is the biggest fool of them all, Mr Kejriwal. You thought Donald Trump is a trolling politician. Kejriwal is on whole another level. He is like an Ekta Kapoor serial star saying all sorts of meaningless nonsense with emotional drama. Recently, he accused PM Modi of sacrificing lives of CRPF soldiers in Pulwama to win 300 seats in Lok Sabha. That is an utterly disgusting, irresponsible statement from a CM. I hope people of Delhi throw him out in the next elections.Modi: the most complete politician: A glimpse at PM Modi's scheduleHard working, charismatic, a natural leader, statesman, modern, culturally rooted, incorruptible, selfless, strong, smart, experienced. India once had a leader with all these qualities and they voted him out of power in 2004. It was such a shame (MMS's first term wasn't so bad though). This time, India has a chance to re-elect the leader India needs and deserves. You know what you're going to get. A hard-working leader who wouldn't waste a day even in his second term.Conclusion: This is not a comprehensive analysis of the Modi government's policies and achievements. I have missed out a lot of schemes. This, however, was an attempt to make you realize a pattern that I noticed while going through schemes and government policies. Firstly, government policies are suddenly working at a much faster speed. Be it infrastructural projects, social schemes or defence projects. Secondly, we have had a strong, decisive government who didn't hesitate to take strong actions against terrorists, taking a stance against China, etc. Thirdly, this government is maintaining fiscal discipline and also bringing out innovative reforms and solutions such as Digital India, Ayushman Bharat, Jan-Dhan, GST. The thing is, these schemes worked. Do I think this government was perfect? Of course not. The government made some bad decisions (such as reversing the Supreme Court's order on SC/ST act). However, overall, I was more than satisfied with the government and its performances given the challenges we faced as a country in forms of bad loans, slowing world economy, terrorists, China, Pakistan, etc.This well oiled, well-functioning government with its new way of functioning is a breath of fresh air which not only instils a sense of confidence in India's future but also a sense of pride and belief that we can achieve impossible targets if we continue working hard in the right directions.I am voting for Modi government.Excerpts from my blog: 101 reasons I am voting for Modi government in 2019
How can you make a difference in a homeless person's life beside give money?
Well, Mr. Larry Boyer, I have invented several novel and un-obvious technologies relevant to the energy sector and the agricultural sector; based on your profile, perhaps you would like to engage with me on an investment level? You can read about my story in Wes Hansen's answer to How would a homeless person spend $100?.I was formerly a highly qualified Mechatronic Development Specialist - although thanks to the FBI I have been unemployed for the last decade and have a very undeserved criminal and “mental health” (delusional disorder they claim) histories. My basic knowledge of ASME and robotic type fitting and welding should still be solid; my basic knowledge of practical electronics and electricity should still be solid; my basic knowledge of practical hydraulics should still be solid but would certainly need updating in more advanced areas; my technical expertise with regards to PLCs and such will certainly need updating; I am now quite competent at mathematics - mathematical logic in particular, see, for instance:Wes Hansen's answer to What can be said about the concept of number, which has not been said before?Wes Hansen's answer to Can Godel's incompleteness theorem also apply to an unsolved conjecture that is totally irrelevant to the self-referential liar paradox?If you would like to engage with me on a professional level with regards to my technologies, then that would require a non-disclosure agreement; other than that, I would just like to see some justice and perhaps gainful employment! For 10 years now I’ve been living in the dumpsters and, quite frankly, I’m sick of it! But it’s really the injustice which gets to me . . .Here’s an edit; it is a comment I have left on Matthew F. Ware's answer to Are some of Mueller's staff about to reveal where Barr has hidden the real story?which I think is relevant to the situation:Yeah, it’s kinda like “asset forfeiture” isn’t it? I was living in a shack in the woods by Bush Intercontinental in Houston, Texas, (see my comment to Brian Cananzey above) back when the whole hooplah about forfeiture came to the fore. The congressman who introduced legislature putting limits on asset forfeiture did so because some little town in East Texas, situated on some main highway in between, I believe, Houston and Shreverport, Louisiana, was financing their whole operation off of a speed trap. The problem was, when a white person got caught in their trap, they would give out a warning or a ticket and an admonishment to “slow down now,” and send them on their way; however, when a black person got caught, they would confiscate the vehicle, all loose cash, all jewelry, and anything else of value - I’m surprised they didn’t take kidneys and livers. Their “logic” was, “Well, they’re black and traveling to Shreveport from Houston so they must be a dope dealer.”Your problem is, you’ve never been caught up in this bullshit; I have! There is no “logic” to the so-called criminal justice system, the entire bedrock is based on your logical fallacy (anecdotal); what do you think legal precedent actually is!?! In spite of the constitution, our set of axioms, the law isn’t some theory deduced from that set - especially on the freaking liberal side! Okay, so let’s talk a bit about obstruction!Here’s my story: Wes Hansen's answer to How would a homeless person spend $100?. No, I’m not online panhandling, just read it!I’ve been eating shit sandwiches for the last 20 years because of Bob Mueller and James Comey - among others. Everything that I describe in that email to Spence happened in a conservative county, Harris, in a conservative state, Texas, under a conservative administration, George Bush. I contacted the ACLU in Houston in 2007; I had an email account with AT&T at the time and contacted some Jewish lady - an attorney. I received one response and never again received a response to my emails. I contacted the Houston Chronicle and Leonard Pitts at the Miami Herald; here’s my email exchange with Pitts:“ MLK5 messagesWes HansenMon, Feb 3, 2014 at 10:17 AMTo: [email protected]. Pitts,I read your column regularly via the Houston Chronicle and have long admired it; you have an eloquent way with words and seem particularly adept at exposing the emperor’s nakedness. On many occasions I have contemplated writing a quick note of respect but have always held back, for whatever reason.Recently I read your column, “On the issue of race in America, conservatives are silent,” and found it rather poignant. With regards to the Martin Luther King, Jr. quote, “We who engage in nonviolent direct action . . . ,” it would seem to me that journalists, especially popular journalists such as yourself, are the ideal agents of nonviolent direct action; “the pen is mightier than the sword.” As such I can’t help but wonder . . .I’m a former U. S. Marine who signed a guaranteed 0300 contract just prior to the first Gulf War; I was young and looking for adventure. In the same issue of the Chronicle that your above referenced column appeared there was a story titled, “Hero: Was sacrifice in Fallujah worth it?” (http://www.houstonchronicle.com/news/houston-texas/houston/article/Fallujah-veteran-questions-sacrifice-5175608.php). The hero in question, Marty Gonzalez, was a 24 year-old Marine sergeant who received three Purple Hearts and two Bronze Stars in the battle for Fallujah. He had nine surgeries to repair a shattered elbow, received a brain injury from a grenade, injured his back, an injury which was exacerbated by subsequent surgeries to the point he requires a wheelchair, and he suffers from PTSD. During the battle for Fallujah, 18 young men from his battalion paid the ultimate.Mr. Gonzalez is upset about the recent situation in Fallujah to the point he became physically ill. This is understandable and I certainly empathize; however, Mr. Gonzalez expresses anger at President Obama for the President’s decision to withdraw from Iraq in the manner in which he did and I feel this anger is grossly misdirected! And of course the Chronicle, being who they are, magnified this expression of anger, or so I feel.If you read the recent book by Stephen Kinzer, “The Brothers” (http://www.nytimes.com/2013/11/10/books/review/the-brothers-by-tephen-kinzer.html?_r=0), it becomes readily apparent that the Dulles brothers conspired with Johnson and, most probably, the Brown brothers, to murder John F. Kennedy. The result of this assassination, hence, their motive, is a matter of historical record: the ascendancy of Johnson to the Presidency; the escalation of the Vietnam conflict based on false premise; the enrichment of Texas and Kill, Burn, and Loot (KBR) from the blood and tax money collected from all other 49 states and re-directed, through Vietnam, to Texas!Fast forward a number of years and you have Darth Vader’s clone, Dick Cheney, as CEO of Halliburton, owner of Kill, Burn, and Loot. A Texan, George Dumbya Bush, becomes President taking Cheney along. In spite of having the most advanced intelligence apparatus in the world, an intelligence apparatus clearly focused on Al Queda, America’s leadership (executive branch and congress) unbelievably (emphasis on unbelievably) fails to comprehend the intent of a dozen Saudi Arabians resulting in 9/11. Capitalizing on the anger generated by 9/11, Cheney and company, under false pretense, a pretense negated by said intelligence apparatus (although I question the motive of said negation), organize the invasion of Iraq. Once again, Texas and Kill, Burn, and Loot get filthy rich (emphasis on filthy) off the blood and tax money from all the other states, this time filtered through Iraq!Human beings evolved to recognize patterns and I question that I’m the only one in existence who sees this pattern. Why does no-one in the popular news media have the courage to point it out? These are the same people responsible for many of the lies and much of the injustice which you rail against Mr. Pitts; perhaps you can find the courage. Feel free to mention my name and link to my blog:(On my blog was a redacted copy of the Credence document referenced in my Quora answer above, which I linked to)“Our lives begin to end,” said King, “the day we become silent about things that matter.”Best regards,Wes HansenPitts, Leonard <[email protected]>Mon, Feb 3, 2014 at 10:18 AMTo: [email protected] received your email. Thank you for writing. I or my assistant will try to get back to you as soon as possible.Please note that we do not open unsolicited attachments, and we do not read or respond to forwarded emails sent to mass-distribution lists, or to invitations sent via Twitter or LinkedIn.Yours Truly,Leonard Pitts, Jr.Author of "Freeman," "Before I Forget" and "Forward From This Moment"Pitts, Leonard <[email protected]>Mon, Feb 10, 2014 at 10:51 AMTo: Wes Hansen <[email protected]>Thanks for taking the time to write, and for your kind words about Mr. Pitts' column. I'll make sure he sees your email.Sincerely --Judi SmithAssistant to Leonard Pitts, Jr.Yeah, okay, so shortly after that (I was homeless in the woods at the time) some hacker working for the Washington Post hacks into my G+ account and leaves a message IN MY BLOG - not in the comments. He tells me he is a hacker working for WP and that someone had already hacked my G+ making it impossible to comment so the reporter he worked for had him hack in and he told me I should read some book - I don’t recall the book and had no way to read said book at that time.Roughly around this same time, I sent a return receipt requested letter to the Texas Innocence Project and it was returned to me unaccepted - I had erected a “mail-box” beside the road passing by my woods. I sent that rejected letter along with a letter of explanation to the National Innocence Project and received a form letter telling me that they didn’t handle cases like mine and that I needed to contact the Texas branch. Thinking that perhaps they had squared things with the Texas branch, I sent a second return receipt requested letter to the Texas branch and it was once again returned unaccepted. The property I was living on was sold and they began tearing out the woods in preparation for development; I road an old bicycle to San Antonio, caught the UP train to El Paso, and took Greyhound to Los Angeles.Upon arrival in L. A. I contacted Sandy Banks and Steve Lopez at the L. A. Times; two weeks later, Sandy Banks, a black woman, took early retirement; here is a copy of that email:“Homeless VeteranWesley HansenWed 7/8/2015 4:06 PMTo: [email protected] <[email protected]>; [email protected] <[email protected]>1 attachments (2 MB)Credence.pdf;Ms. Banks and Mr. Lopez,I’m a homeless veteran living under a bridge crossing the Los Angeles River and I’ve been reading your columns on homelessness recently. I was honorably discharged from the United States Marine Corps in 1994, have 57 credit hours of Community College with a 3.89 GPA, and have been homeless since March of 2009. From 2009 until September of 2014 I lived in the woods near Bush Intercontinental Airport in Houston, Texas, and have been here in Los Angeles since last September.The city of Houston has approached homelessness in much the same way that Los Angeles is doing now. The first thing they did was remove all of the water spigots from the public parks; then, they placed stainless steel locking mechanisms on all of the fire hydrants; concurrently, they passed a city ordinance making it illegal to solicit on city streets and roadways and making it illegal for organizations to feed the homeless anywhere within city limits. And compared to Los Angeles housing in Houston is highly affordable if not cheap.Here’s the thing about politicians and business owners here in America: they like to think they can have their cake and eat it too, a logical absurdity. I survive by sifting through other people’s trash and I occasionally find newspapers, magazines, and even books that I like to read. At one point during this last recession, I came across a Wall Street Journal, Special Edition, which was celebrating the positive effect trust-fund children were having on the upscale housing market; this at a time when the general housing market was in the tank. They featured several stories about trust fund babies including a story about two young girls, one 19 years the other 21, whose father had given them each a $90 million trust fund. Each of these girls owned homes, each priced in the tens of millions, in different cities around the world, New York, Los Angeles, London, Paris, etc. The youngest girl, her husband, and their four dogs spent part of the year living in the 60,000 square foot “Spelling” mansion here in Los Angeles; this is the size of a Mid-Western shopping mall and their master suite is over 4,000 square feet, larger than most duplexes housing two families of the working poor. This was being celebrated by the Wall Street Journal; it was presented as something to be envious of.A year or so after reading the Special Edition of the Journal, I found a Houston Chronicle carrying a full page story, with a lead in on the front page, of Martha Turner’s sale of an equity stake in her company, Turner Properties, to Sotheby’s International. The Houston Chronicle was celebrating the idea that the arrival of Sotheby’s International elevated them to the same lofty echelon as San Francisco, Los Angeles, New York, Miami, London, and Paris. In that very same issue of the Chronicle, in the City and State section, was an article about the city-wide ordinance prohibiting solicitation on roadways becoming county-wide. Apparently, the city ordinance forced the panhandlers out to the suburbs and now the leaders, in their infinite wisdom, thought they’d use the same tactic to chase them clean out of the county; after all, you can’t have homeless people in the same proximity as Sotheby’s International. Never mind the fact that you could house all of the homeless in Harris County, Texas, in two or three of the average sized, “single family” homes listed by Sotheby’s.So now I’m here in Los Angeles and I find the most wonderful Special Edition of Forbes magazine. It features the “alpha activist,” Bill Ackman on the front cover and features a story about Ackman’s Howard Hughes Corporation. Allow me an extended quote:[. . .] “But despite his rococo extravagances, Howard Hughes was a master businessman, particularly skilled in the art of avoiding taxes. In his memoir, Hughes’ accountant Noah Dietrich claims Hughes paid only about $20,000 in income taxes a year. Indeed Howard Hughes Corp.’s circuitous journey into Bill Ackman’s portfolio began as a tax scheme. In the 1930s the IRS levied a 37.5% penalty tax on unnecessary accumulated surpluses. Hughes operations never paid dividends, so Dietrich began plowing profits into undeveloped land. That’s how subsidiary Hughes Aircraft came to own the 25,000 acres of land adjacent to the Las Vegas Strip, now called Summerlin in honor of Hughes’ grandmother Jean Amelia Summerlin.In 1972 Hughes put his Vegas real estate into Summa Corp., which finally began developing Summerlin in the 1990s. Summa sold to mall developer Rouse in 1996, and in 2004 General Growth bought Rouse for $12.6 billion. During General Growth’s bankruptcy, Ackman carved out a trove of unwanted assets plus the Howard Hughes name.Fittingly, Howard Hughes Corp. still retains about $250 million in crises-related tax-loss carryforwards today, so it currently pays no taxes. Eventually Ackman may turn Howard Hughes into a REIT, dodging still more taxes. Hughes himself couldn’t have done better.” [. . .]- Forbes Magazine, the 2015 Global 2000 Issue, pg. 89Now, if Steve Forbes were to read this email, he would probably say I was just some liberal, communist agitator who doesn’t understand the benefits of capitalist principles; he would probably throw a couple of Ludwig Von Mises quotes at me as a counter-argument; and he would probably try to put me out of mind as quickly as conveniently possible. But I am not a communist agitator and I do understand the apparent benefits of a “self-organizing” economic system. All I am stating, to the politicians and business leaders, is this: you can’t celebrate these extravagant excesses, which our society does on a daily basis, without also celebrating the fact that there are multitudes of homeless people roaming OUR cities, sleeping in tents on OUR sidewalks, shitting in OUR gutters, panhandling along OUR roadways, and sifting recyclables out of OUR trash receptacles; you can’t have your cake and eat it too, it’s a logical absurdity.As for me, all I need to get off the street is for the F.B.I., the Office of the U.S. Inspector General, or some branch of law enforcement to simply do their job. I have attached a 20 page document, with lots of pictures, called, “Credence: A Tale of Corruption,” which summarizes my story. Every level of law enforcement, city, county, state, and federal, knows my story and they have consistently done absolutely nothing.With regards,Wes Hansen”Here’s a copy of the email I sent to Anthony Kelley, a former Marine who works with the L. A. County Sheriff’s department and who was put in my life by the social worker at the VA clinic on Temple St.:“HelloFromWesHansen/SemperFi4 messagesWes HansenSat, Sep 24, 2016 at 4:21 PMTo: [email protected]. Kelley,I spoke to you and your associate today, on 7th and, I believe, Flower, downtown - about the Valor program. Please find attached a brief document, "Credence: A Tale of Corruption," which provides an introduction to the circumstances which led to my current situation. I am also a fairly competent fine artist and you can see some examples of my work (oil paintings and drawings) on my blog:http://atomicdecompositions.blogspot.com/As I mentioned to you and your associate, I have been studying mathematics since becoming homeless in March of 2009 and I have made a small number of novel contributions, four to the applied side and one, the Non-standard Peano Arithmetic which I was telling you about, to the pure side:https://johncarlosbaez.wordpress.com/2016/04/02/computing-the-uncomputable/"Ever since reading this blog post (some time ago now) I’ve been thinking about these non-standard models of PA and I don’t particularly care for any of them!?! I’m not a formally trained mathematician but I’ve been thinking about this a great deal and it seems to me that the non-standard models are not the most effective approach. So here’s a question posed as an idea that I’ve had.Consider the natural numbers defined as sets in ZFC by von Neumann. Since ZFC/AFA subsumes ZFC, could you not define the natural numbers as sets in ZFC/AFA, define an additional 1-place, non-logical symbol, @, call it the hyperloop, which, when applied to any set, generates that set’s hyperset. Would it not then be reasonable to suggest that the natural number @{null} is greater than one but less than two and could you not apply @ recursively generating an order-preserving non-standard model of the von Neumann naturals that also had the power of the continuum? And then could you not develop PA the standard way but with this set of non-standard von Neumann naturals as the universe? Would that not preserve sequentiality, hence, be a bit more practical and effective as opposed to these other non-standard models? To me it just seems to make a whole lot more sense and, of course, my motivation, as always, is that damn Goldbach conjecture . . .Anyway, back to the grind . . ."This was comment number 91, the very last comment on that post. Now, don't think that since there was no response that my idea is not valid; quite the contrary, if you read the comment I replied to I think it will indicate to you not only the validity of my idea but that it is a rather good idea! Of course, if you doubt my comprehension of mathematics I would not be offended. I have been exposed to a large number of mentally compromised individuals during the last fifteen years so I well know how subtle the symptoms can sometimes be. Anyone with a knowledge of mathematical logic and elementary number theory can tell you that the above idea and the proof of the Binary Goldbach Conjecture on my blog, which I authored sometime in 2010-2011, demonstrate at least a working familiarity with the subject matter.Now Harris County, Texas, did send to me to the North Texas State Forensic Psychiatric Hospital in Vernon, Texas, for a competency evaluation when I was in their custody, but there was not then nor has there been anytime since, any doubt as to my mental competence; the court, and I believe the attached document should at the very least make you consider the truth value of this, simply wanted to be able to tell a jury that I was incompetent. You know, I first contacted the FBI with this situation, with a written letter from jail, in 2005. I scheduled an appointment with the FBI office in Beaumont, Texas, and met with an agent for a very short time in late 2007 or early 2008. Finally, I then sent the entire story organized in three-ring binders with table of contents and tabs, including all legal documents (Non-disclosure agreements, court papers, etc.) to the Office of the U. S. Inspector General, the Assistant U. S. Attorney for the Eastern District of Texas (I spoke with a gentleman from that office for a short time on the phone), an office at ABC Investigative News with Brian somebody (I forget the last name), and a childhood friend in Nebraska, Harris Grunden (Harris and I are no longer friendly).I don't know if you can do anything about this situation or not; I certainly have contacted a number of people to no avail. Generally, the people I contact about this do not even acknowledge that contact, for whatever reason. I have, in my possession, design documents regarding the inventions outlined in the Credence document, should you need proof of those claims.With regards,Wes HansenCredence.pdf2072K”Here’s a follow up email after I figured out that he was lying to me - hey Semper Fi:“Go Fuck Yourself2 messagesWes HansenThu, Dec 15, 2016 at 12:30 PMTo: AKelly <[email protected]>Yeah, I went down Figueroa today and found out there is no VA facility on Figueroa; came back to the library and found out the VALOR program is for Pharmacy students.http://www.wsj.com/articles/the-perils-of-empathy-1480689513You remind me of my family; they're all rotten as fuck as well.”Here’s a copy of the email I sent to Bernie Sanders’ PAC back in 2015 prior to the primaries. My biggest fear was seeing Clinton and Cruz in the general so I registered democrat (in California) so I could vote in the primary and voted for Sanders (I’m a Libertarian) - he has absolutely no integrity and is part of the conspiracy against Donald Trump. Read my Quora answer before you judge the email; the problem with these emails is, they have a word limit. In the case below, I attached a 20 page summary which outlines the criminal activity quite well. It also includes proprietary drawings of my inventions related to the Ares Robotics gig - I was an independent contractor, hence, Ares had no legal right to these inventions. The email:“Homeless Veteran2 messagesWes HansenWed, Nov 11, 2015 at 11:17 AMTo: [email protected]. Sanders,I submitted the following to Senator Sanders via the comment form on his government website:I am a homeless veteran who has been homeless since March of 2009. Please find attached a 20 page document, with lot’s of pictures, called, “Credence: A Tale of Corruption.” It is a brief summary of the events leading up to and resulting in my current situation. In summary:In 94’ I was honorably discharged from the U. S. Marine Corps; in 95’ I was an honor graduate, class D252, at The Ocean Corporation, a commercial dive school in Houston, Texas; after an illusion bursting stint with American Oilfield Divers, I took a manufacturing job and started night school full-time at Houston Community College; studying pre-science with the intent to transfer, in a couple of years I accumulated 57 credit hours with a 3.89 GPA; working as an independent contractor, albeit exclusively for a robotics firm, Ares Robotics (the deal was, being a recent start-up and short on cash, Ares Robotics would hire me as an independent contractor, pay my tax bill, and when the business became solid the board would assess my contribution, sweat equity they called it, and extend me ownership based on that assessment), I invented a number of novel technologies, technologies which should have made me independently wealthy; almost immediately I acquired two felonies and three misdemeanors on a previously spotless criminal record and found myself incarcerated at the maximum security forensic psychiatric hospital in Vernon, Texas; I notified the Houston office of the F. B. I. of these events in 2005 with a letter sent from the Harris County Jail; the situation deteriorated; I scheduled a meeting with the F. B. I. in Beaumont, Texas, in 2007 while on parole and experiencing “difficulties” with securing gainful employment in 2007; the situation continued to deteriorate; in January of 2009 I wrote a detailed account of my experience supported by copies of all legal documents, professionally organized with Table of Contents and Tabs, and sent copies to the U. S. Office of the Inspector General and Assistant U. S. Attorney, Eastern District of Texas; in March of 2009 I became homeless, a situation which continues to this day; a little over a year ago I moved to Los Angeles, California; my extended family, as well as many of the people from the community in Nebraska where I grew up, Nebraska’s official Easter City, are intimately involved in the theft of my technologies; during my time as a homeless man I have studied mathematics, practiced yoga, and further developed my meditation practice; I now know considerably more about mathematics than I did in 2009; I am a Buddhist so I assume the long view . . .I am convinced the Federal Bureau of Investigation has been involved in this despicable conspiracy since day one! I served my country with honor and don't feel out of line for expecting my country to serve me honorably; to date, this has not been so . . .With regards,Wes HansenCredence.pdf2072K”Here’s a copy of the Whistleblower notice I sent to Chuck Grassley’s office; at that same time I also sent emails to the Congressional Offices of Grassley, Sue Collins, Rand Paul, Lindsey Graham, and Devin Nunes - all along the same lines:“Mueller investigation/pertinent info2 messagesWes HansenSun, Aug 26, 2018 at 3:16 PMTo: [email protected],This email is in regards to the on-going Bob Mueller investigation; I have pertinent information about said situation. Both Jeff Sessions and Rudy Guiliani, hence, the President, are aware of this situation; this situation is why the President is upset with Jeff Sessions.I’m a homeless Marine Corps veteran (0352, 1991 – 1994) living under a bridge on the east side of the LA River and I’m homeless BECAUSE of Bob Mueller and James Comey! I know first-hand how they really operate!I was honorably discharged from the USMC in 1994, graduated from The Ocean Corporation, a commercial dive school in 1995, and, after a short disillusioned stint in the off-shore industry, started work in a small job shop during the day and going to school full-time in the evening at the Houston Community College. I was making $60,000/year and maintaining a 3.9 GPA at the college - things were going well. Then I invented some novel technologies relevant to the oil and gas industry and a couple of wealthy individuals decided they wanted to steal the IP. I went from having zero criminal history and zero mental health history to having 3 misdemeanors and 2 felonies AND a full-blown mental history in a very short time.I took the second felony case to trial, hence, the trip to the North Texas State Hospital; they wanted to tell the jury I was mentally incompetent. I filed an appeal and it was run through the system without my notification - something which is illegal, even in Texas. After I was released on parole, I had an FBI agent follow me around everywhere I went, eventually resulting in joblessness and homelessness. The story is long but here’s a relevant excerpt (I sent this to a mathematician at the University of Lethbridge in Canada recently; I made a couple of significant contributions to pure mathematics, with implications for cyber security, hence, national security, and he and his wife were both very helpful: http://vixra.org/author/wes_hansen):“I really do live on the streets of Los Angeles (for four years now, the previous six on the streets of Houston, Texas) and that's really why I do the weird stuff I do; it would most likely be impossible to explain to someone who has never experienced the street.I have been homeless for the last decade; I don't mind living hard like I do, but I'm sick and tired of living in the trash receptacles - where I get my $25/week for groceries. I was put on the streets by my family working in conjunction with the USA's FBI, although in truth, the FBI was setting my family up. I was doing well, honorably discharged from the USMC, working full-time during the day making $60,000/year, and going to the community college full-time in the evening, studying Pre-science/Pre-engineering with intent to transfer and maintaining a 3.9 GPA (out of 4.0). Then I invented some novel technologies relevant to the Oil/Gas/PetroChemical industries and a host of rather wealthy/powerful individuals decided they wanted my stuff. It's a long story but here's a couple of relevant excerpts:[M]y parents, Harley and Kathy Hansen, leased considerable properties from a lady named Bertha Hengler for more than twenty years. Bertha lived in Casper, Wyoming, and both her son, Jim, and daughter-in-law, Alice, retired from executive positions at Casper refineries. We used to visit Bertha, Jim, and Alice at least once a year to go snow skiing. Jim and Alice were cross-country enthusiasts. My parents, upon Bertha’s death, purchased half of the Hengler property they had rented from Jim and Alice and continued to rent the other half from Bertha’s son, Bob. While working at Ares Robotics I tried to get my parents to leverage these connections but they would have none of it. I sent Ares Robotics marketing packages to both my parents and my godmother, Zella Mae Sanders, and received no response from either party.[I] filed a lawsuit in a Texas court requesting the return of confidential documents as provided by a provision in the Confidentiality Agreement. The defendant, Mark Hansen, was a resident of Colorado so it was necessary to involve the Texas Secretary of State. I received notice from the Secretary of State, via certified mail, that Mark Hansen had been duly served on December 11, 2008. The Texas court in question never received such notice thus a trial date was never set. I filed two separate lawsuits in this same court, one on the same day as I filed the suit naming Mark Hansen as defendant, and its integrity was well established.The Secretary of State sabotaged the judicial proceedings of a Texas court in the attempt to prevent the authentication of said Confidentiality Agreement while, at the same time, convincing my family of their intent to help them (my family) steal the technologies and trade secrets covered by said Confidentiality Agreement. They failed in this endeavor for, as the old saying goes, “There’s more than one way to skin a cat.” They made this attempt in order to assist William Albion Anderson, an extremely wealthy Perry campaign contributor, in his attempted theft of technologies and proprietary information which rightfully belong to me; technologies I have since patented. I have also managed to maintain Trade Secret status, as defined by both Texas State law and the Economic Espionage Act of 1996, on the majority of the technologies in question.So why did the Texas Secretary of State foolishly interfere with the judicial proceedings of a Texas court? They planned to arrest my whole family, myself included, for “Theft of Trade Secrets.” Here’s how:I knew my family was being set up, I just didn’t know how. I knew there had to be a connection between William Albion Anderson and Rex Hansen. I started pounding the internet searching for it. On William Albion Anderson’s Forbes profile it demonstrated that he had been appointed as a Director for Rancher Energy of Denver, Colorado, in the spring of 2007 and a Director for Far East Energy of Houston, Texas, in the fall of 2007. Considering this whole conspiracy was coming into play in 2007, I found these appointments suspect. I became even more convinced of their conspiratorial nature when I discovered that Rancher Energy, a company using CO2 injection to extract oil from spent oil wells, was working solely in oil fields conveniently located in the direct vicinity of Casper, Wyoming.In the offering memorandum for Sausalito Foods Rex Hansen emailed to me, it reveals that Rex Hansen is a Managing Director for Bathgate Capital of Denver, Colorado. I began researching Bathgate Capital and discovered, in their tombstones, that Bathgate had extended $1.4 million in seed capital to a company in Houston, Texas, called Far East Energy. Bingo! The Rex Hansen/William Albion Anderson connection. The State of Texas/FBI had all of my information including social security number. They planned to demonstrate, in a Texas court, that Rex Hansen became aware of the pump and robotic system in question while engaging William Albion Anderson through the Bathgate/Far East Energy connection. They then planned to demonstrate, in a Texas court, that Rex Hansen directed me, his cousin, to work for the William Albion Anderson company manufacturing said pump and robotic system thus familiarizing myself with the technology and facilitating the theft of that technology. They were going to put my whole family in prison.This all started in 1999, when I was 30 years old - 19 years I’ve either been locked up for crimes I didn’t commit, in the Maximum Security Forensic Psychiatric Hospital for evaluation I didn’t need, working a minimum wage job, a monitor on my ankle, on parole for a crime I didn’t commit, or, as now, homeless and living out the dumpsters!This all happened in a conservative state - Texas, under a conservative President from that state - George W. Bush. When Obama won the election in 2008, I was ecstatic. I thought, “Oh, yeah, we’re going to have some fun now!” I put this whole story together in three ring binders with table of contents and tabs; it took 2 three inch binders, two 1.5 inch binders, 3 legal folders, and 2 CDs - everything was documented, Non-disclosure agreements, Court docs, memos from meetings with FBI personnel, emails, photographs, everything. I had six copies; I boxed up five of them and sent them to the U. S. Office of Inspector General, the U. S. Assistant Attorney, Eastern District of Texas, Brian Ross at ABC News, a friend I grew up with, and a former girlfriend who was a lawyer at the time - now a District Court Judge. Everyone screwed me over except the ex-girlfriend! She kept my documents for me! Shortly after mailing everything, I received a call from someone at the U. S. Assistant Attorney’s office - I now regret mailing them the documentation. The FBI put me out on the street specifically to make me lose my documentation - I’m certain of it, but the Judge saved my day.Now you tell me, do you really think Comey and Mueller are capable of an impartial investigation? And the whole tale is way worse than what I have revealed here. I’d like to see Barack Obama, Eric Holder, Loretta Lynch, Comey, Mueller, McCabe, Rosenstein, and that whole rotten bunch locked up where they belong. And don’t think for a minute ole Barry Boy doesn’t know about my situation, because he damn sure does - so does Bernie “can’t be bought by billionaires” Sanders. So does the Washington (Democracy dies in darkness) Post, the Houston Chronicle, the L A Times, Leonard Pitts at the Miami Herald, and, more recently, the Wall Street Journal.Jeff Sessions, I believe, has gone over to the Dark Side. He says that under his charge the DOJ will not be used for political ends but what is Mueller’s investigation? It was started with the Steele dossier for goodness sakes, and I tend to believe the entire circus was deliberate on the part of Comey, Mueller, and the rest of Obama’s DOJ and administration. Let’s be serious, liberals like to think that Donald Trump “stole the election” from Hillary Clinton, but Clinton lost that election with her “basket of deplorables” comment; in other words, she lost that election due to her own misplaced sense of superiority. Did Trump cut a deal with Putin, exchanging dirt on Clinton for a revisit of Magnitsky? That doesn’t even make sense given that the President is essentially powerless with regards to Magnitsky!With regards,Wesley W. Hansen”And it goes on and on!And now we have Bob Barr, a good friend of Bob Mueller, telling the American People that there is no systemic problem at the FBI only a small leadership issue; obviously Bob could give a fuck about me; obviously the American People could give a fuck about me. Now talk to me about obstruction!
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