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Teens browse this list for services in your area. Don’t run away, call for help.NEW YORK AMERICAN CIVIL LIBERTIES UNION (ACLU) : YRights As a Pregnant Or Parenting Teen (2007)]Pregnant or Parenting? Title IX Protects You From Discrimination At SchoolGuttmacher Data: Minors’ Rights as ParentsIf you are facing abuse or threats because of your pregnancy here is a crisis line. http://www.thursdayschild.org/html/about.htm 800-USA-KIDSRESOURCES STATE BY STATE:ALABAMA: Babies First: United Methodist Children's HomeFor teen mothers in foster care.If you are a pregnant teen in Alabama in foster care, ask your case manager, counselor or CASA worker if this program could be right for you.ALASKA Passage House: Passage House907-272-1255 (Call to get help now.)Ages 17–21ARIZONA: Girls Ranch Scottsdale: Girls Ranch - Florence Crittenton.Ask a school counselor, case manager, or CASA Advocate about Girls Ranch Scottsdale.An adult needs to help arrange admission if this program is right for you.Most but not all pregnant teens at Girls Ranch Scottsdale are in Arizona state custody.ARIZONA:The House of El-Elyon:HousingParenting ClassesAges 12–18ARIZONA: Starting Out Right: Starting Out Right | Free Pregnancy Test | Arizona Youth PartnershipCall 520–719–2014 or email [email protected] suppliesARIZONA: Tempe. TeenAge Pregnancy Program (TAPP) / APPP👩‍🎓Educational support.Case management.Counseling.Parenting preparation.ARKANSAS: Compassion House: Get Help - Compassion House479-419-9100 (Call for help.)HousingChristian orientation.Ages: 19 and underARKANSAS: Hanna House: Hannah House of Fort Smith Arkansas479–782–5683 phone or email: [email protected] 13–29CALIFORNIA: (Alameda County) Bay Area Youth Center: Real AlternativesEmail: [email protected] SkillsAges 16–25CALIFORNIA: El Nido Programs - El Nido Family Centers: Teen Family ServicesHome Visits help teens connect to healthcare, education, counseling, financial help employment and childcare.Several locations in Los Angles areaAntelope Valley: Pacoima office at: 818.896.7776CALIFORNIA:Maternity Shelter Program - Home [email protected] Diego AreaAges 18–24CALIFORNIA : (Lake County) Lake Family Resource Center. Teen Parenting/Adolescent Family Life ProgramServices for Pregnant and Parenting teensMust enroll before 19th birthdaCalifornia: Welcome to Mary's Pregnant Teen Shelter .Housing.CALIFORNIA: (Sacramento) Waking the VillageHome Infograph — Waking the VillageContact us about our housing programs: 916-601-2979HousingEducational SupportIntensive MentoringCase ManagementArt, Friendship, Community, CreativityChild Development CenterTravel, Recreation, CampingAges 18–24CALIFORNIA (HOUSING) (North Hollywood.) Youth Volunteers of America Los Angeles. (VOALA) Women’s Care Cottage. Women’s Care Cottage is an Independent/Transitional living program assisting homeless young women coming out of emergency shelters, foster care and probation. Admits women with one infant up to the age of 1 year. Provides up to 18 months – 3 years of housing, case management, counseling, social and cultural activities. Ages 18–21.COLORADO: options for Pregnant or Parenting Teens. Jefferson County Adolescent Pregnancy and Parenting Program (JCAPPP) Jeffco Public Schools. Non-residential. Specialized curricula, job-training, social support. Onsite childcare for teen parents.COLORADO: ttp://ttps://obgyn.coloradowomenshealth.com/health-info/teens/teen-pregnancy-programs Non-residential. University of Colorado/Colorado Adolescent Maternity Program. (CAMP) Specialized obstetrical care for teens. Emotional and social support.COLORADO: (HOUSING) Hope House of Colorado Quote from the website: “Hope House is metro-Denver's only resource providing free self-sufficiency programs to parenting teen moms, including Residential, GED, and College & Career Support programs. Additional supportive services include parenting and life skills classes, healthy relationship classes, and certified counseling, all designed to prepare them for long-term independence.” (ages 16 to 24)COLORADO: Yampah Mountain High School Non-residential, public School-based support for pregnant and parenting teens. High quality Infant and toddler childcare onsite.CONNECTICUT: Noank Community Support Services Clift House. Shelter care for ages infant to 18, either gender. Pregnant and Parenting teens.CONNECTICUT: Young Parents Program Public school-based services for pregnant and parenting teens. High School completion support and ONSITE childcare at High Schools for teen parents. Districts offering the Young Parents Program: Bridgeport, Griswold, New Britain, Torrington, Waterbury, Windham. Contact: Shelby Pons, MSW, [email protected] (860) 807-2126DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA: (Non-Residential) Teen Alliance for Prepared Parenting Specialized Pre-natal care. Education support. Counseling. Teen fathers also served. Ages Served: Adolescents who are pregnant and aged 21 or younger are eligible to enroll at any time during their pregnancy. Young fathers may enroll if they are expecting a child, or if they have a child under the age of five years. Once enrolled, youth may continue to participate in the program until 23 years of age.DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA: http://tps://dcps.dc.gov/page/expectant-and-parenting-students (Non-residential). Expectant and Parenting Students. New Heights. “Supportive case management and assistance with securing services, such as a childcare voucher, WIC, housing, TANF, employment, job training opportunities, college/university admissions and more.” Public High School Programs: The following schools have the New Heights program in their buildings, and can be reached at the following phone numbers:Anacostia, (202) 645-4040Ballou, (202) 645-3400Ballou STAY, (202) 727-5344Cardozo, (202) 671-1995CHEC, (202) 939-7700 ext. 5063Coolidge, (202) 282-0081Dunbar, (202) 698-3762Luke C. Moore, (202) 678-7890Roosevelt, (202) 576-8899Roosevelt STAY, (202) 576-8399Washington MET, (202)727-4985Wilson, (202) 282-0120Woodson, (202) 939-20324. DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA (HOUSING) Perennial Transitional House for Teen Parent23.DISTRICT OF COLuMBIA: HBP Teens Non-residential. Support services and structured classes for pregnant and parenting teens. Case Management and Home Visiting. Centered particularly on the needs of young African-American parents. Multi-phase program. Ages Served:12–2124.DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA: DC Social Innovation Project Non-residential. Teens to Doulas: This innovative program trains teens who are already parenting to serve as doulas for women in the community. The goal is for successful teen mothers to share their skills to reduce the risk factors in the community for other mothers.25. DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA: Teen Parent Assessment Program (TPAP)(Non-residential) Financial Issues: This is an assessment program that evaluates teens for independent living in the D.C. area. Usually, teens can apply for TANF (Temporary Assistance for Needy Families) in D.C. , but must be living with their parents to receive this aid. The Teen Assessment program determines on a case by case if the pregnant/parenting teen in an independent or other living situation qualifies for the aid. Service Contact: Teen Parent Assessment Program Contact Phone: (202) 698-6671Contact TTY: 711. If you are unable to get an appointment for the Teen Parent Assessment Program, you may need to get a referral from your school guidance counselor or other social services.26.DELAWARE: Diocese of Wilmington Bayard House27.FLORIDA: (HOUSING) Group Home, Bellview FL, Hands of Mercy Everywhere Hands of Mercy Everywhere. Christian-oriented residence that also offers diverse practical, educational, and therapeutic services to teen mothers. Ages served not specified28.FLORIDA: Hannah's Transitional Living || ANCHORAGE CHILDREN'S HOME || (850) 763-7102 Transitional living apartments for pregnant and parenting young women. Ages 16–2229.FLORIDA: Home Our Mother’s Home. Keeps teen mothers who are in foster care with their children.30.FLORIDA: (Pinellas County) Transitional Living Programs - Family Resources SafePlace2BTOO-Young Moms. (Scroll down the page for maternity services. The first program listed on the page has the same name but is for LGBT youth.) Housing and support. 18 month program. Ages 16–21.31.FLORIDA: Woman to Woman - Children & Family Services Gulf CoasJewish Children & Family Services. Non-residential mentoring and goal-setting for pregnant and parenting teens. No age range specified.GEORGIA: House of Dawn: Changing Lives, Changing Generations770–477–2385Housing👩‍🎓Educational SupportCareer and Life skillsCounselingAges 13–23GEORGIA: Home | The Living Vine Christian Maternity Home.HousingProgram emphasizes strict Christian environment, so possibly suitable only for committed Christians.Hawaii: Hale Kipa: Independent Living Program808.754.9844Emergency ShelterAges 12–17HAWAII: Neighborhood Helping Pregnant and Parenting Teens Neighborhood Place of Puna. Non-residential. Practical, material and emotional support.37.HAWAII: (HOUSING) Mary Jane Home | Catholic Charities Hawaii The Mary Jane Home. Ages Served: 18 and over.38. IDAHO: (and Eastern Washington) Alexandria's House | Volunteers of America Ages Served: 16–20.39.IDAHO: (Burley) Cassia High School Alternative Public High School. Serves teens who would benefit from an alternative school, including pregnant and parenting teens. Childcare for teen parents provided.40.IDAHO: Marian Pritchett School Marian Pritchett School. (Serving pregnant teens since 1964) Public High School for pregnant and parenting teens. Includes Giraffe Laugh Childcare for students attending Marian Pritchett School. Marian Pritchett - Giraffe Laugh.41.ILLINOS: (HOUSING) (Chicago) response-Ability Pregnant and Parenting Program (RAPPP) The Night Ministry operates 120-day housing programs for youth and for pregnant and parenting young mothers and their children. Call toll-free 877-286-2523. Ages 14–19.42.ILLINOIS: http://theharbour.org/successful-teenseffective-parents.html The Harbour. STEPS Program. Individual subsidized apartments for teens and their children. Parenting classes, counseling and case management. Age range served: not specified.43.INDIANA: Maternity Home With A Heart Hannah’s House. (HOUSING.) Faith-based/Christian. Parenting classes, counseling, referrals to community resources, emotional support. Serves ages 13 up. (Website states youngest resident they have served was 13 and the oldest was 43.)44. Indiana: Project Home IndyResidency for Teenage Mothers (Link leads to application page)HousingMedical CareEducational SupportParenting ClassesLife Skills ClassesAges 15 -19 at admission.45.INDIANA: Young Families of Indiana Network Future Promises. Non-residential school-based support for pregnant and parenting teens.46.INDIANA: (South Bend) Youth Service Bureau of St. Joseph County Young Mom’s Self-Sufficiency Program. (YMSSP) Non-residential support services.47. IOWA: Ruth Harbor - Pregnant? Christian orientation. Counseling, midwife care, doula services, recreation, outings. Ages ?-24. Does not specify minimum age.48.IOWA: Transitional Living for Teen Parents United Action for Youth. (UAC) Housing and other supports. Ages 17–21.49. IOWA: Transitional Living Services - Youth & Shelter Services, Inc. - Iowa50..KANSAS: About Us | Wichita Children's Home 1. Bridges. Housing for pregnant and parenting teen mothers 2. Moving on to Motherhood (MOM-Non-residential case management and support.)52. KENTUCKY: (HOUSING)Mother & Baby Home All God’s Children Mother & Baby Home. Faith-based. Nationally Accredited Childcare program onsite provides care for resident’s babies so they can attend school. Support, therapy, classes. Ages 13–21.53.KENTUCKY: (Louisville) Teenage Parent Program Georgia Chaffee Teenage Parent Program (TAPP). Non-residential. Provides support and services to help pregnant and parenting teens complete their high school educations.54. KENTUCKY: 👩‍⚕️ Young Parents Program (YPP.) Non-residential. Specialized obstetrical care, support and counseling. Ages served: Under age 18.55. LOUISIANA: I'm Pregnant. Now What?Phone : (318) 925-4663Crisis Line : (318) 277-9506Email : [email protected] Sanctuary for Women. Faith-based/Christian. Counseling, goal-setting, career planning, parenting classes, life skills and recreation. Participation in religious activities may be required. Onsite accredited education/certified teacher for High School completion or GED. Ages served: 13–23.56. LOUISIANA: Parenting Jus4me. Non-residential. Support and parenting classes for pregnant and parenting teens. No age range specified.57. LOUISIANA: http://ttp://www.lighthouseministriesinc.org/ The Lighthouse Child Residential Center. Faith-based. Cares for pregnant and parenting teens and their children. Licensed to care for children from birth through age 18.MAINE: FINANCIAL HELP: TANF and Teen Parents58. MAINE: rgh Rumford Group Homes Teens are housed in several different apartments supervised by the program and are provided with various services. Ages 16–21.59. MAINE: Crisis Center | Bangor, ME Shepherd’s Godparent Home. Ages served: teens to thirties.60. MARYLAND: Programp=s for Pregnant Teens and Teen Mothers | Hearts & Homes for Youth Damamli. This program is for pregnant and parenting teens in the foster care or juvenile justice system. The program starts the teen in a specialized foster home and later she lives independently with her child, with support from the program in her own apartment. Age range: 16–20.61. MARYLAND: Housing & Support Saint Ann’s: Grace House, Hope House and Faith House. Residence with onsite High School. Ages 13–21.62. MASSACHUSETTS: Programs Bridge Over Troubled Waters. Single Parent Housing. Transitional Housing for teen parents. Does not specify age range served.63. MASSACHUSETTS: (Boston) St. Mary’s Home Faith-based history but apparently no religious requirements or programming for participants. Housing. Case management, onsite high school completion, parenting classes, therapy. Ages 13–21.64. MICHIGAN: Shelter - Alternatives For Girls Provides emergency shelter for homeless teens and their children. Transitional housing program also available. Website did not mention specific maternity care programs offered. Ages 15—MICHIGAN: Eastpointe. Gianna House now open, but the website isn’t up currently. RESIDENTIAL. Ages 13–17. Contact information will be posted here ASAP>65. MICHIGAN: MI Health Family - MOASH Websites provide information on help for pregnant and parenting teens in Michigan. Michigan Organization on Adolescent Sexual Health. (MOASH) PREGNANT & PARENTING TEENS Ages served not specified.66. MICHIGAN: Michigan Adolescent Pregnancy and Parenting Program (MI-APPP) Case Management for pregnant and parenting teens. No are range specified.MINNESOTA: LEGAL RIGHTS OF TEENS: The Rights of Teen ParentsMINNESOTA: A School for Pregnant and Parenting Teens Longfellow High School. Non-residential public high school.MINNESOTA: The Nest: A Maternity Home The Nest. Focuses on ages 18–25 but may accept minors placed by parents. More information soon.MISSISSIPPI: http://mchms.org/pdfs/MCH_Two_of_Us_Brochure_032314_RGB.pdf Two of Us Therapeutic Maternity Home. Full-time licensed nursing staff. Highly specialized intensive care and education for mothers and infants. Ages 10–18.MISSOURI: 👩‍⚕️ https://www.barnesjewish.org/Medical-Services/Obstetrics-Gynecology/Women-Infants/Childbirth-at-Barnes-Jewish/Teen- Pregnancy-Center Barnes Jewish Hospital. Non-residential services, including specialized obstetrical care, classes and support. Ages 17 and under.MISSOURI: Mother's Refuge - Supporting Young Mother (HOUSING). Ages 12-21. Does not appear to focus on excessive religious pressureMISSOURI: Nativity House KC Faith-based. Roman Catholic.MISSOURI: Youth Services - reStart reStart Youth Services. Four transitional housing units for pregnant and parenting teens. Ages 16–21.MISSOURI: Home The Sparrow's Nest. (HOUSING) Ages 19 and under.MONTANA: Blackfeet Teen Pregnancy/Parenting Coalition Teen Pregnancy Parenting Coalition. Non-residential. GED tutoring. Case Management. Peer support. Nutritional Counseling. Childcare. Ages Served not specified.MONTANA: Mountain Home Montana Non-religious, comprehensive program. Housing. Bonnie Hamilton Home. (Group living) Mountain Home Apartments. (Individuals living with child.) Licensed Therapy. 24–7 mental health crisis line. Other resources. Ages 16–29.MONTANA: Nurtured baby, Healthy adult, Strong community Florence Crittenton . (Needs updating)NEBRASKA: CARES. ( info needs updating-program may be closed.)NEBRASKA: Center for Healthy Families Nebraska Mental Health/Project Harmony. Non-residential. Support services for pregnant and parenting teens. No age range specified. (Omaha residents only).NEBRASKA:Teen & Young Parent Program - Nebraska Early Childhood CollaborativeNNEVADA: “Living Grace” website is not available as of 8/15/2019. Will update as I get more information.NEVADA: Pregnant and Parenting Teen Saint Jude’s Ranch. Most residents are youth placed here by state social service and juvenile justice agencies.NEVADA: Contact Casa De Vida. (HOUSING) —More information available soon.NEW HAMPSHIRE: (Littleton)TRANSITIONAL LIVING PROGRAM (HOUSING). Case management, GED/Highschool completion, parenting classes and other services for pregnant and parenting teens and young adults. Ages served 18–21.NEW HAMPSHIRE: Our Place | Catholic Charities New Hampshire Our Place. Non-residential Faith-based. (Roman Catholic) Prenatal, breastfeeding, parenting and other classes and resources for parents of all ages.NEW JERSEY: http://ttps://www.cge-nj.org/program-offerings/adolescent-program/ The Center for Great Expectations (Adolescent Program) (HOUSING) AOther programs for women also available. Licensed Clinical Staff. Ages served: 13–18,NEW JERSEY: Capable Adolescent Mothers Crossroads Programs. (HOUSING) Intensive Long-term program. For General Program Information regarding Crossroads’ programs and services, please contact Michelle Wright at 609 880 0210, ext 109. Ages: 16–21.NEW JERSEY:services and Programs that help young homeless mothers and pregnant women Raphael’s Life House, Inc. Housing, licensed counseling, parenting classes, GED completion and career development. Ages served: Not specified.NEW MEXICO: Catholic Charities of Gallup NM (HOUSING)Casa San Jose. Residential care for pregnant and parenting teens. Ages Served: Not specified.NEW MEXICO: 14 to 17 Information Page Information from Pegasus Legal Services for Children about legal rights of minors in New Mexico, including teen pregnancy and parenting.NEW YORK: Residential Services Catholic Charities Community Maternity Services. Multiple programs: Heery Center-Ages 12–21, focuses on pregnant and parenting girls placed by juvenile and state agencies. Joyce Center is the transitional living maternity home.NEW YORK: Pregnant/Parenting Teens Children’s Village-Inwood House. Age range served not specified.NEW YORK: (Rochester) http://ttp://centerforyouth.net/index.php?cID=89 The Center For Youth. Chrysalis Program. 18 month program. Residential setting for pregnant or parenting young women. Ages 16–21.NEW YORK: Supportive Housing (Brooklyn) Diaspora Community Services/ “Mother’s Gaining Hope”. Federally funded “Maternity Group Home”. (MGH) I have not further details on ages served or its programs at this writing.NEW YORK: SERVICES SUSPENDED DUE TO BUDGET. (Concerned readers please consider donating. )(Niagara region) https://hannahhouse.ca/ Ages: through age 24. No lower age limit stated.NEW YORK: Regina Maternity Services Catholic Charities of Rockville Centre. Housing For pregnant teens and their children. Regina Residence is a structured program with case management. Mary Residence is supported independent living for graduates of Regina Residence. Ages 11–24.NORTH CAROLINA: http://www.angelhousematernityhome.org/admission_information0.aspx Angel House Maternity Home. Minimum Age: 17NORTH CAROLINA: Services for single, pregnant, & non-pregnant teens, women and their families | Florence Crittenton Services | Charlotte, NC Multiple residential programs. Ages 10 and up.NORTH DAKOTA: St. Gianna Maternity Home (HOUSING) Residents required to participate in prayers and attend Mass. Ages Served: Serves minors but does not specify age range.NORTH DAKOTA: Home | The Perry Center Serves minors placed by parents, but does not give age-range. Christian oriented services, apparently placing emphasis on evangelism but also offering life-skills and other practical services.OHIO: (Franklin County) The Center for Healthy Families The Center for Healthy Families. Non-residential. School and Community based services for pregnant and parenting teens offered at four high schools. Services for teen fathers also included. Ages: 13–19.OHIO: (Mentor, Ohio) Pregnancy - Hannah’s Home. Minimum age 18. More information available soon.OHIO: The Highlands - Shelter Care (HOUSING) Residential care for pregnant and parenting teens and their children. Ages 14–20.OHIO: (Columbus) 👩‍⚕️Teen and Pregnant Program Nationwide Children’s (Hospital). TaP. Non-residential. Comprehensive medical care, classes, counseling, referrals for pregnant girls and women ages 21.5 and under.OHIO: WIC (Supplemental food for Women, Infant Children) WIC - American Pregnancy Association\http://file:///C:/Users/17074/AppData/Local/Pa/TempState/Downloads/158843%20(1).pdfOKLAHOMA: Broken Arrow Public Schools Mentoring Healthy Parents (Formerly Margaret Hudson Program). Non-residential. Support for pregnant and parenting teens. Age range not specified.OKLAHOMA: J.A.M.E.S., INC. WEBSITE CURRENTLY DOWN> CHECK BACK SOON> Educational support and college scholarships for pregnant and parenting teens. High School seniors and college students.OKLAHOMA: http://s://www.choctawnation.com/tribal-services/member-services/choctaw-support-expectant-and-parenting-teens-sept Choctaw Support for Expectant and Parenting Teens. (SEPT) Services for teens pregnant with or parenting a Native American child under the age of one year. Must live within the 10.5 county service area of Choctaw Nation. Ages 13–21.OKLAHOMA: (Owassa) Oklahoma Baptist Homes for Children . (HOUSING) (Owassa) Maternity Cottage and transitional living apartments for Mother and Child Program. Participants must attend Southern Baptist church while in residence. Age range served not specified.OKLAHOMA: Transitional Living Program (HOUSING) Housing offered to youth, including pregnant and parenting teens and their children. Ages 16–21.OREGON: Safe Haven Maternity Home Safe Haven Maternity Home.OREGON: Dedicated to helping young mothers Saint Child. Housing for pregnant girls and women and their infants. May stay for up to a year after birth of baby. Faith-based (Christian). Counseling, education, job training, life skills and other supports. Participants are offered bible study and other Christian activities but are apparently not coerced. Ages 14–24.Pennsylvania: (Lansdale) (HOUSING) Home Morning Star Maternity Home. Ages 13–25.Pennsylvania: Maternity & Pregnancy Services - Catholic Charities of Harrisburg PAPENNSYLVANIA: http://ttps://www.valleyyouthhouse.org/programs/transitional-housing/maternity-group-home-mgh/RHODE ISLAND: (HOUSING) (may be for 18 and above only) Little Flower Home - Serving RI & Southern MA - Housing for 'Pregnant Homeless' WomenRHODE ISLAND: About Nowell Leadership Academy (Public Charter High School) For Pregnant and Parenting teens.SOUTH CAROLINA: Help for pregnant and parenting young women in South CarolinTENNESSEE: Comprehensive Resource Center The Hagar Center. Non-residential. Classes, support and material assistance.102. TENNESSEE: http://ttps://mercymultiplied.com/about-us/ Mercy Multiplied. Faith-based/Non-denominational Christian. Residential programs are located in four states for girls including a facility in Nashville, Tennessee. The programs are designed to work with on many issues, including pregnancy. The website states that the program does not demand that the pregnant mother relinquish her child to adoption, however, neither is there any indication of housing or services offered for the mother/child family. Adoption services prominently noted on website. Counseling is strongly centered on Christian teachings, although Mercy Multiplied states that its counselors are Master’s Level or graduate student interns. Counseling process includes/demands “commitment to Christ”. This program might be appropriate for young women who of their own free will wish to pursue Christianity. Ages Served: Unknown at this writing.107. TEXAS: Annunciation House: Apply for Services108. TEXAS: Apply | LifeHouse Houston. Housing and other support. Strong focus on Christian evangelizing. Ages 12 and up. (Other services for non-residential clients also available.)109. TEXAS: Teen Parenting Help - Jane's Due Process Information and support for pregnant teenagers concerning Texas legal rights.110.TEXAS: Viola's House111. UTAH: 👩‍🎓Horizonte Instruction and Training Center. Young Parent Program. Programs Non-residential. High School completion and vocational education with onsite childcare provided by Head Start. Parenting and other skills. Flexible scheduling. Contact Person: Kathy Williams (801) 578-8574 ext. 233.112. UTAH: Teen Mother & Child Program Non-residential. University of Utah/Teen Mother and Child Program. Obstetrical care/Nurse-Midwives. Social and psychological support and referrals for other needed services. Ages served: 19 and younger.113. UTAH: YWCA Of Salt Lake City. Referrals to Transitional Housing. No other details as of this writing.114. VERMONT: Family Literacy Center (Non-residential) Educational center for pregnant and parenting teens and young adults. Infants may attend classes with parents until they are four months old and after that Onsite Nationally Accredited childcare is available full-time. Onsite licensed therapy, parenting and nutrition classes and other social supports. Ages served: High school freshmen age through age 25.115. VIRGINIA: Grace Home Ministries. (HOUSING) Program is long-term and residents encouraged to stay for as long as two years with their babies. Faith based/Christian. Program includes participation in Christian experiences. However, Grace Home states: “We believe religion is a matter of personal conviction; therefore, we don’t put any pressure on program participants in matters of personal faith or beliefs. Mentoring, childcare classes, case management. Ages 1–20.116. VIRGINIA: (Lynchburg) ADOPTION-ORIENTED! Liberty Godparent Maternity Home. Services | Liberty Godparent Home If you have decided for adoption AND you are a Baptist or of a similar faith, you might consider this facility, as its emphasis is on adoption. The program does offer “Mommy and Me” support if you decide on raising your baby yourself, however, the emphasis is clearly adoption. Faith-based. (Baptist) Residents attend Thomas Road Baptist church. Other services from their website: All residents are required to attend school, pursue a GED, or participate in vocational training. Classes are offered off site at Liberty Christian Academy through Liberty University Online Academy (grades 6-12). Tutoring services for GED and SAT exams are available as needed. To help each young lady build a positive future, the LGH staff is committed to educating the residents on Life Skills and other topics such as Decision-Making, Parenting, Adoption, and Nutrition. About Us Overview | Liberty Godparent Home Ages Served: Not specified.VIRGINIA: (Fairfax County) Second Story for Young Mothers - assistance for mothersSecond Story for Young Mothers. (HOUSING) Residential services offered through independent living in townhouses for young mothers between the ages of 18–21. Pregnant and parenting teens between the ages of 16 and 18 receive non-residential community based support, education and services. Follow-up support and case management also offered. 24/7 Crisis Hotline - Call 1-800-SAY-TEEN or text “TEENHELP” to 855-11 TTY 711VIRGINIA: (Alexandria) Keep it 360 | The Alexandria Campaign on Adolescent Pregnancy (ACAP) T.C. Futures. (Non-residential.) From website: The T.C. Futures Group provides parenting meetings and developmental playgroups specifically for Alexandria’s teenage parents and their children. Parents learn about positive parenting skills, child development, and local resources. The group meets every other week after school at T.C. Williams High School. Participation is not limited to T.C. Williams students; all teenage parents in Alexandria are invited to attend. Participation is free, and Spanish translation is available. For more information, contact David Wynne, TC Williams Social Worker, at 703.824.6800.VIRGINIA (Fredricksburg) Mary's Shelter Mary’s Shelter. (HOUSING) Faith-based. Provides residential care for up to three years. Minimum Age: 18.VIRGINIA: Mommy and Me Program. ( A program component of “Youth For Tomorrow”.). (RESIDENTIAL/HOUSING) Faith based/Christian. Intensive program for pregnant teens and their infants. Education for teens at accredited school on campus, health care, parenting classes, in-house therapy and nursing staff. ) Admissions are either by court placement or social service agency referral. Teens may stay until their child is four-years-old. Ages: 12–18.VIRGINIA: (Winchester.) About | New Eve Maternity Home New Eve Maternity Home. (HOUSING). Faith-based/Roman Catholic. Help with education, employment, life skills. Ages served: 18 and above. (?)VIRGINIA: (Norfolk) THIS LISTING NOT ACTIVE CURRENTLY. WILL UPDATE ASAP. Eastern Virginia Medical School. Non-residential. Specialized obstetrical care. Classes, parenting skills, emotional support, transportation to prenatal appointments.WASHINGTON: (Seattle area.) Housing Cocoon House. (HOUSING) Housing for pregnant and parenting teens and their children. (Short -term and long-term.) Support for education, life skills and employment. Ages 12–17.WASHINGTON: (Spokane) Alexandria's House | Volunteers of America (HOUSING). “Spacious historic home”. Mentoring, support, doulas, other services. Ages: 16–20.WASHINGTON: (Spokane)http://ttp://gracesonhousingfoundation.org/ Hope and Housing for Teen Moms and their Children Graceson Housing Foundation. (Housing.) Faith-based/Christian but spiritual activities are left up to choice. This program is strong on community and nurturing. Classes, life skills, and employments skills also offered. Ages 13-18.WASHINGTON (Seattle) 👩‍⚕️ "Family Medicine Residency Teen Pregnancy and Parenting Clinic. (A program of Kaiser Permanente but you DO NOT have to be a Kaiser Permanente member to receive services.) Non-residential. Accepts Medicaid and other insurance. Prenatal care with delivery at Swedish First Hill Hospital. Offers help getting medical care coverage, nutritious food, childbirth classes, parenting classes and well-child care for the baby until two years of age. (Well-child care is only for the babies whose mothers used the Teen Pregnancy and Parenting Clinic for their prenatal care and delivery.) Open Tuesdays and Thursdays. Drop by or call: Kaiser Permanente Capitol Hill Campus, West Building 206-326-2656. On the bus line. Ages served: Not specified.WEST VIRGINIA: Crittenton Services, Inc. A Florence Crittenton program. (More information to follow)WISCONSIN: (Milwaukee) Pregnant and Parenting Youth Program (PPYP). Non-residential public school-based support.WISCONSIN: (Sheboygan) 👩‍🎓 Sheboygan Area School District Non-residential. TAPP/Parenting Lab. School-based support for pregnant and parenting teens. Guidance counselor assists pregnant students with educational plan/ONSITE childcare/parenting lab for teen parents. Classes designed/flexible to accommodate pregnancy related issues. Pregnant or parenting students in Sheboygan contact your school guidance counselor to access these services.

I. Doctors Against Forced Organ Harvesting (DAFOH)Doctors Against Forced Organ Harvesting (DAFOH) aims to provide the medical community and society with objective findings of unethical and illegal organ harvesting. Organ harvesting, the removal of organs from a donor, without obtaining prior free and voluntary consent, is considered a crime against humanity, as well as a threat to medical science in general.About DAFOHDAFOH is founded and organized by medical doctors of various specialties from all over the world. Full membership is intended for medical doctors and medical professionals who recognize the necessity to stop the practices of illegal organ harvesting and will be granted after approval. Non-medical professionals can sign in as supporters.Membership is free and can be applied via email to [email protected] or by using the online Membership Application Form.Unethical Organ HarvestingIntroductionStarting in March 2006, three independent witnesses have publicly stated that some hospitals in China remove organs from imprisoned Falun Gong practitioners without obtaining their prior consent. The witnesses further stated that the unwilling victims had been incarcerated in facilities that resemble detention centers or concentration camps. Their tissue compatibility was systematically analyzed and stored in data banks. This process allowed Chinese transplant surgeons to provide donor organs including kidney, heart, pancreas, liver, skin, and cornea on short notice. Publicly accessible websites of some of these transplant centers promised to provide donor organs within 2-4 weeks, in some cases even within 2 days. In Western countries, the waiting time for organs usually amounts to several years.The website of the Tianjin Oriental Organ Transplantation Center has documented the increase of liver transplants in a chart, which might serve as example for the expansion of the transplant medicine.Since March 2006, a large amount of evidence surrounding the practice of systematic government-sanctioned involuntary organ removals from incarcerated victims that are primarily Falun Gong practitioners has been collected and published. Overall the collected information reinforces the reliability of aspects of previous allegations.The Western understanding of free and voluntary organ donations does not apply to the situation at hand. According to the allegations, in China, the international standards of organ donation are turned upside down and organ recipients are not added to a waiting list until a suitable donor can be identified; rather, the potential organ donors are incarcerated, forming a sort of living organ donor “reservoir”. Their lives are in immediate jeopardy, as soon as their tissues are found to be compatible with an interested organ recipient and their organs are removed without consent. This type of transplantation “on demand” and “for profit” is unprecedented and needs to be investigated.Doctors Against Forced Organ Harvesting makes an additional distinction between organ harvesting from imprisoned Falun Gong practitioners and organ harvesting from executed prisoners, which has been known to occur in China since late 1980s. In the latter case, the individual is sentenced to death due to a violation of the law, and the organs are removed after execution. Although this form of organ harvesting is itself of questionable morality, it is not yet in the same category as harvesting organs from innocent living Falun Gong practitioners, described in the Kilgour & Matas Report.The latter involves the murder of individuals detained as prisoners of conscience as part of a state sanctioned persecution of Falun Gong. These individuals did not violate the law and were not charged in judicial courts or sentenced by trial, they are innocent victims because the Chinese government persecutes the Falun Gong movement without having the slightest reason to sentence the individuals. Their organs are removed and sold for profit with the ensuing death of the involuntary donor. Doctors Against Forced Organ Harvesting holds that this form of execution is part of the persecution of Falun Gong and is tantamount to premeditated murder with associated robbery.It is important to appreciate that the very nature of secret concentration camps operating inside totalitarian regimes like China where the flow of information is entirely government-controlled, makes it difficult to uncover their inner workings because they remain inaccessible to outside investigators. Nevertheless, the extent of the amassed circumstantial evidence, combined with the uncontested severity of the allegations, demands that Doctors Against Forced Organ Harvesting takes action to raise awareness about these practices, and to call for additional investigations.Forced Organ Harvesting in ChinaThe harvesting of organs from executed prisoners in China started in 1984 when a law was implemented in China that allowed the practice. The public first became aware of this practice following the testimony of Dr. Wang Guoqi to the U.S. Congress in 2001. Worldwide, organ harvesting from executed prisoners is banned as unethical.In 2006, first witnesses and then the Kilgour & Matas Report alleged that organs were harvested from living prisoners of conscience, mostly from detained Falun Gong practitioners. The data suggest that organ procurement was “on demand” because organs were harvested without acceptable consent and the donors were killed in the process.Phone interviews by David Kilgour and David Matas revealed that in 17 locations in China, organs were procured from detained Falun Gong practitioners. This suggests that organ harvesting in China is a widespread, systematic, state-sanctioned atrocity.In their book Bloody Harvest, they quote a phone recording in 2006 of a doctor from a Chinese hospital who confirms that the hospital uses ‘fresh, live’ organs from Falun Gong practitioners:Caller: I want to know how long [the patients] have to wait [for a liver transplant].Dr. Dai: The supply of organs we have, we have every day. We do them every day.Caller: We want fresh, alive ones.Dr. Dai: They are all alive, all alive…Caller: I heard some come from those who practise Falun Gong, those who are very healthy.Dr. Dai: Yes, we have. I can’t talk clearly to you over the phone.Caller: If you can find me this type, I am coming very soon.Dr. Dai: It’s ok. Please come.II. Home 2015Who We areThe International Coalition to End Organ Pillaging in China is a coalition of lawyers, medical professionals and human rights advocates dedicated to ending organ trafficking in and from China. The Coalition is committed to highlighting the human rights abuses committed in China and to bringing these issues to the attention of the public and policy makers.Governments should enact measures to criminalize the purchase of trafficked organs at home or abroad. They could also require reporting of ‘organ tourism’, ban entry of those involved in trafficking organs, and prohibit their pharmaceutical companies from doing transplant field tests and clinical trials in China.Responsible business people should reduce trade and investment in China until its government ceases organ trafficking. As Beijing has also directed all of its embassies to spread hatred and false information against Falun Gong, how can anyone continue to do business as usual? In so doing, they are financing and nurturing a party-state, which pillages organs from its citizens for commercial purposes.FoundersDAVID MATAS Author / Human Rights Lawyer +1 204-944-1831David Matas has been actively involved as Director of the International Defence & Aid Fund for South Africa in Canada, Director of Canada-South Africa Cooperation, Co-chair Canadian Helsinki Watch Group, Director Manitoba Association of Rights & Liberties, Amnesty International, B’nai Brith Canada, the Canadian Bar Association, the International Commission of Jurists, Canadian Jewish Congress, and Canadian Council for Refugees and he has represented Lai Changxing in his extradition proceedings.DAVID KILGOUR Author / Former Secretary of State for Asia-Pacific+1613-747-7854David Kilgour is co-chair of the Canadian Friends of a Democratic Iran, past chair of the Latin America and Caribbean policy working group of the Ottawa branch of the Canadian International Council, a director of the Washington-based Council for a Community of Democracies (CCD), a Fellow of the Queen’s University Centre for the Study of Democracy, a director of the New York-based NGO Advancing Human Rights and a director of the Ottawa Mission Foundation.ETHAN GUTMANN Author / Investigative JournalistEthan Gutmann’s research into Chinese Internet surveillance, the Laogai System, and the intersection of Western business with Chinese security objectives has received sustained attention for almost 15 years now. Ethan Gutmann has provided testimony and briefings to Congress, the Central Intelligence Agency, Geneva’s International Society for Human Rights, the United Nations, and the parliaments of Brussels, Ottawa, and Canberra. More recently its been Dublin, Edinburgh, Cardiff and Westminster. Ethan Gutmann has spoken at universities and press clubs around the world. Once a year he’s asked to supply soundbites for a television network: PBS, CNN, BBC, or CNBC.Home 2015Books - Can be bought from Amazon.#The Slaughter: Mass Killings, Organ Harvesting, and China’s Secret Solution to Its Dissident Problemby Ethan Gutmann#State Organs: Transplant Abuse in Chinaby David Matas#Bloody Harvest: Organ Harvesting of Falun Gong Practitioners in Chinaby David Matas & David Kilgour#Why Did You Do That?: The Autobiography of a Human Rights Advocateby David Matas#AN UPDATE TO ‘BLOODY HARVEST’ & ‘THE SLAUGHTER’Read the full report at this below link:http://endorganpillaging.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/06/Bloody_Harvest-The_Slaughter-June-23-V2.pdfTwo more articles on Epochtimes for a further reading as below:Interview With Ethan Gutmann, Co-author of New China Organ Harvesting ReportReport Reveals Vast State-Run Industry to Harvest Organs in China—————————————————————————Whenever people asked me how something like this horrible happened or still happening in China … I fully understand their feelings. Because as a normal and kind human being, no one can imagine or believe what is happening over there …To answer this question, we have to know what is Falun Gong, what is CCP and why the persecution and the forced organ harvesting crime. We can’t get to the right judgement without probing these aspects.Falun Dafa | Falun Gong | 法轮大法 | 法轮功The Official Source on Falun Gong and the Human Rights Crisis in ChinaEnglishThe Epoch Times - Breaking news, independent China news

Purdue Pharma and the marketing/sales of OxyContin:Purdue Pharma was created by three brothers; Arthur, Mortimer, and Raymond Sackler. The brothers were born of Jewish Immigrants from Galicia and Poland. The Sackler boys grew up during the Great Depression, and all three brothers attended medical school. According to the article, “The Family That Built an Empire of Pain,” written by Patrick Radden Keefe, Arthur and Mortimer Sackler were the advertisement geniuses of the three brothers. Mortimer worked as the advertising manager of his high school newspaper, and Arthur paid his way through medical school as a copywriter at an ad agency that specialized in the medical field (Keefe). Arthur was both an adman and a doctor, and he quickly understood that, “selling new drugs requires a seduction of not just the patient but the doctor who writes the prescription” (Keefe). To sell new drugs, Mortimer created advertisement campaigns to appeal to the physicians that wrote the prescriptions, enlisting prominent physicians to endorse his drugs, and cited scientific studies that were often funded by the pharmaceutical companies. The Sackler history of misleading advertisement campaigns did not start with OxyContin, in the 1950s, Arthur produced an ad for a new Pfizer antibiotic, Sigmamcycin, with several doctors’ business cards promoting the use of the drug. When a reporter attempted to contact the doctors listed on the ad, none of the doctors existed. Arthur did not stop with Sigmamcycin, he marketed the tranquilizers Librium and Valium, with campaign efforts stating: “everyone can benefit from the use of tranquillizers, including college freshman leaving home for the rest time, and patients without any psychiatric symptoms” (Keefe). The marketing and sale of Valium was recognized as a massive success, however, “by 1973, American doctors were writing more than a hundred million tranquillizer prescriptions a year, and countless patients became hooked” (Keefe). When marketing drugs, Arthur became famous for marketing to anyone and everyone, not the patients with legitimate conditions that the drugs could correct. The goal was to broaden the criteria for eligible patients, enough that physicians did not have to distinguish between those with medical conditions and those without. Arthur Sackler gained the trust of the public through doctors, some of which did not exist. Physicians of the day, and in modern society, continue to be valued in society, their opinions trusted by all. To further his agenda of educating doctors of the values of his drugs, even if they were misled in the drug’s benefits and risks, Arthur became a published of a biweekly newspaper that reached six thousand physicians in the United States. He refused that there was a conflict of interest between his two day jobs: head of a pharmaceutical-advertising company and publisher of a periodical for doctors (Libby). Though successful in his endeavors with Sigmamcycin, Librium, and Valium, Arthur and his brothers would launch one of the biggest pharmaceutical marketing campaign of history, for the Wonder Drug, OxyContin.Prior to launching OxyContin, Purdue conducted focus groups with physicians to propose the drug, and hear suggestions to improve the drug before its launch. However, Purdue was not interested in improving the drug in terms of truthfully addressing its potential risks. When the company concluded that physicians were concerned with the potential abuse of the drug, with the experienced marketing background of Sackler, Purdue moved forward with marketing OxyContin the similar to the marketing of Sigmamcycin, Librium, and Valium. The key to the marketing campaign was a two pronged approach: gain the trust of physicians to then prescribe the drugs, and broaden the criteria for eligible patients. Targeting a specific, legitimate group of patients for the drugs may have been profitable, but marketing the drug as a cure-all for a variety of conditions would greatly increase revenue. Keefe writes, “A major thrust of the sales campaign was that OxyContin should be prescribed not merely for the kind of severe short-term pain associated with surgery or cancer but also for less acute, longer lasting pain: arthritis, back pain, sports injuries, fibromyalgia. The number of conditions that OxyContin could treat seemed almost unlimited” (Keefe). If physicians were taught to write prescriptions for OxyContin for short intervals, patients would only take the drug for a few days following surgery or injury. According to Art Van Zee’s article, “The Promotion and Marketing of OxyContin: Commercial Triumph, Public Health Tragedy,” the non-cancer related pain market constituted 86% of the total opioid market in 1999, three years after OxyContin’s release. (Zee 223).The marketing campaign needed to appeal to physicians treat acute conditions, as well as conditions for chronic pain which would generate sales from life-long patients. At the time of OxyContin’s release, Russell Portenoy, a pain specialist at Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center stated, “There is a growing literature showing that these drugs can be used for a long time, with few side effects,” and described opioids as a, “gift from nature,” (Keefe). However, Portenoy was conveniently was a recipient of funding from Purdue Pharma and refuted the hesitance of his colleagues to prescribe opioids because of what he called, “opiophobia”, or fear of opioids, not citing evidence based conclusions of the merits of opioids in treating pain. The United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved OxyContin in 1995 to treat moderate to severe pain, although Purdue Pharma never conducted clinical studies on how addictive or pone to abuse the drug might be (Keefe). The “growing literature” in the benefits of OxyContin’s use in the long term that Portenoy described did not exist. However, Art Van Zee’s article describes the drug’s clinical studies up until its FDA approval. According to Zee, when reviewing the Purdue Pharma’s application for OxyContin as a new drug, the FDA’s medical review officer concluded that OxyContin had not been shown to have a significant advantage over conventional immediate-release oxycodone taken 4 times daily other than a reduction in the frequency of dosing (Zee). Not only did the FDA approve the application in 1995, in a rare occurrence, the FDA also approved a package insert for OxyContin, announcing the drug was safer than rival painkiller (Keefe). The FDA examiner who oversaw the process of reviewing the application, Dr. Curtis Wright would leave the FDA, and find himself a new employee of Purdue Pharma within two years.Upon its 1995 FDA approval, Purdue Pharma immediately launched their massive marketing campaign of OxyContin, with the goal, as previously mentioned, of educating (or manipulating) physicians, and to vaguely define eligible patients. Additionally, Purdue would seek to understate the potential risk of addiction among OxyContin users. Zee describes the first part of the marketing approach, writing, “From 1996 to 2001, Purdue conducted more than 40 national pain-management and speaker training conference at resorts in Florida, Arizona, and California. More than 5,000 physicians, pharmacists, and nurses attended these all-expenses-paid symposia where they were recruited and trained for Purdue’s national speaker bureau” (Zee 221). Purdue incorporated a personal element to the marketing of the drug, disguised as training medical professionals for Purdue’s national speaker bureau. Offering an all-expenses-paid trip to a resort for medical professionals, some of which are overworked and stressed, added a personal element to not only the marketing of OxyContin, but improving the image of Purdue Pharma among the medical community. It is especially significant that pharmacists were also invited to the pain management and speaker training conferences because pharmacists are the last line of defense for patients filling prescriptions. Although the patient can discuss the risk and benefits with their physicians, when a patient travels to the pharmacist to pick up the prescription (especially for OxyContin), Purdue Pharma wanted to ensure that the true risks of the drug were not exposed in the course of the patient/pharmacist interaction. In addition to focusing marketing efforts on the providers that would prescribe and distribute OxyContin to patients, Purdue utilized, “sophisticated marketing data to influence physicians’ prescribing” (Zee 222).Zee describes the practice of data collection for individual physicians:Drug companies compile prescriber profiles on individual physicians – detailing the prescribing patterns of physicians nationwide – in an effort to influence doctors’ prescribing habits. Through these profiles, a drug company can identify the highest and lowest prescribers of particular drugs in a single zip code, county, state, or the entire country. One of the critical foundations of Purdue’s marketing plan for OxyContin was to target the physicians who were the highest prescribers for opioids across the country. The resulting database would help identify physicians with large numbers of chronic-pain patients. Unfortunately, this same database would also identify which physicians were simply the most frequent prescribers of opioids and, in some cases, the least discriminate prescribers (Zee 222).Compiling the individual databases for prescription rates among individual physicians in a tragedy in itself. Purdue Pharma had the capability to determine the geographical areas where prescriptions were often written, and could focus their efforts to target not only these areas, but identify the providers frequently writing prescriptions for painkillers. Conversely, in an area with little painkiller prescription activity, Purdue could work to appeal to certain providers and determine if the lack of prescriptions was due to a legitimate low demand for the drugs, or if providers were interested in prescribing painkillers and were not previously aware of the benefits of OxyContin. Pain specialists were not the only provider prescribing OxyContin, by 2003, nearly half of all physicians prescribing OxyContin were primary care physicians (Zee 222). After OxyContin’s introduction to the drug market in 1996, sales reached almost $50 million in 1996, and this number grew to almost $1.1 billion in 2000 (Zee 221). One of the most important aspects attributed to the success of OxyContin’s sales were the sales representatives.Purdue Pharma created a bonus system to incentivize sales representatives to increase the sales of OxyContin in their territory. The bonus system resulted in a large number of visits to physicians with high rates of opioid prescriptions, as well as a multifaceted information campaign aimed at them (Zee 222). Zee describes the salesmen bonus system and increased staffing in the years following OxyContin’s release in 1996:In 2001, in addition to the average sales representative’s annual salary of $55,000, annual bonuses averaged $71,500, with a range of $15,000 to nearly $240,000. Purdue paid $40 million in sales incentive bonuses to its sales representatives that year. From 1996 to 2000, Purdue increased its internal sales force from 318 sales representatives to 671, and its total physician call list from approximately 33,400 to 44,500 to approximately 70,500 to 94,000 physicians. Through the sales representatives, Purdue used a patient starter coupon program for OxyContin that provided patients with a free limited-time prescription for a 7 to 30 day supply. By 2001, when the program was ended, approximately 34,000 coupons had been redeemed nationally (Zee 221).OxyContin was not marketed to physicians and patients as a dangerous painkiller, rather, a hot commodity in the marketplace. Sales personnel were greatly incentivized to sell as many pills as possible to increase their annual bonus at the end of the fiscal year. Salespeople had the potential to match at least 25% of their base salary when collecting their annual bonus. At a minimum, the sales staff could collect a base salary of $55,000 in addition to the $15,000 bonus for a total of $70,000. Top performers could match up to 436% of their salary. At its maximum, a top performer could end the year with a base salary of $55,000 in addition to a $240,000 bonus for a total of $295,000. Patrick Radden Keefe’s article included a quote from a former Purdue OxyContin salesman, Steven May, who joined the company in 1999, stating, “At the time, we felt like we were doing a righteous thing. There’s millions of people in pain, and we have the solution” (Keefe). According to Steven May’s testimony, at the time, Purdue sales personnel did not know exactly what they were selling. To May, OxyContin was a solution for millions of Americans in pain, but the he was just as informed as the patients taking the pills. To ensure OxyContin’s success, and not promote reluctance to sell the drug, Purdue could not tell its sales department the true risks of the drug. Instead, Purdue armed them with charts showing all of the benefits of OxyContin (Keefe). The key to OxyContin’s success followed the same misleading marketing strategies as the Sackler drugs of the past.A primary strategy of the Sackler marketing campaign of OxyContin was minimizing and mispresenting the true risk of addiction following the use of the drug. Not only was OxyContin marketed as a cure all for dozens of medical conditions, but Purdue distorted the addictive powers of the painkiller. Zee writes:In much of its promotional campaign – in literature and audiotapes for physicians, brochures and videotapes for patients, and its “Partner Against Pain” Web site – Purdue claimed that the risk of addiction was extremely small. Purdue trained its sales representatives to carry the message that the risk of addiction was “less than one percent.” On May 10, 2007, Purdue Frederick Company Inc, an affiliate of Purdue Pharma, along with 3 company executives, pled guilty to criminal charges of misbranding OxyContin by claiming it was less addictive and less subject to abuse and diversion that other opioids, and will pay $634 million in fines (Zee 223).To brand OxyContin as a versatile painkiller, its risks would have to be downplayed by Purdue. Doctors would not feel comfortable treating patients with the drug if they were informed of its risks, and the sales representatives, as the liaisons between Purdue and OxyContin’s prescribing physicians, were convinced that the risk of addiction was minimal. Drug abusers would crush the pills up, and swallow, snort, or inject the opioid for an intense high. When Purdue Pharma and its executives learned of the drug’s abuse for non-medical purposes, they continued to defend its medicinal use, blaming the addicts, not the pill’s addictive substances, its easy access, or its dangerous marketing campaign of the mid to late 1990s. In 2001, Purdue’s senior medical adviser, J. David Haddox, insisted that OxyContin was not addictive, stating, “If I gave you a stalk of celery and you ate that, it would be healthy. But if you put it in a blender and tried to shoot it into your veins, it would not be good” (Keefe).