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According to hindu mythology Ram-setu was made by vanar sena under the guidance of Nal and Neel to cross the ocean and bring back devi sita.It was said that the stones touched by Nal and Neel with lord Ram’s name written on it can float on water. But there is a complete scientific explaination of why the stones float on water and why now they are submerged under water.Actually the Ram-setu is made up of pumice type of stones, to understand why these stones float on water let us first see how these stones are made.Pumice is the name given to the hardened foam of lava when it comes out of a volcano. The inside of a volcano has very high pressure, and can be as hot as 1600 degree Celsius. When the lava comes out of the volcano, it meets the cool air (and sometimes sea water), which is around 25 degree Celsius.Two things happen immediatelyAir and water that were mixed in the lava bubble out, as the pressure falls. The huge difference in temperature gives the lava a ‘cold shock’, so it freezes almost immediately. So the bubbles get trapped in the freezing stone, giving it a very spongy appearance. In some kinds of pumice, the bubbles can make upto 90% of the volume.But because pumice is full of air bubbles, it is less dense than water. So in the beginning it will float. But in time, water will enter the bubbles driving out the air. Slowly, the pumice sinks. This also explains why the Ram Setu is under water today. Pumice doesn’t float forever. However, this theory may not be 100 per cent correct.This was the scientific part but whatever may be the reason this fact can’t be denied that Hindu mythology is a brilliant collection of awesome fables which are beautifully designed to teach great lessons.Thankyou :)

Sage Brihadaswa narrated the love story of Nal and Damayanti to pandavas in their forest hermitage and reminded them of King Nala who also lost his kingdom in the game of dice. The story of Nal and Damayanti is one of the best love story portrayed in Mahabharata. This is a long answer, so please have patience while reading this.One day Sage Narada reached Nal’s kingdom Nishadha. King Nal received him with all honour. He told Nal that, there was a beautiful princess named Damayanti in Kundinpuri of Vidharbha, who was sought after even by the Gods and he should marry her. The Sage wished him all success and took leave. Nal got lost in thoughts imagining the beauty of Damayanti. He visualized her in all her splendour and came to the conclusion that he would have no peace of mind until he married her.He saw a number of swans furnished with golden wings, wandering in the woods and he caught one with his hands. On being captured, the swan yelled out that if the king would kill it, its chicks would be orphaned. The King assured that he had no intentions of hurting it, he only thought of keeping the golden bird as a pet. He allowed the bird to fly away. Once the bird is gone, Nal again fell back into his dream about Damayanti.Swan grateful for the generosity of the Nal, returned to thank the King and offered to do something in return for his kindness. It promised the King that it would do his best to persuade Damayanti to marry him. Nal was extremely pleased for the favour. He hugged the bird as his dearest and sent it as his messenger to Damayanti.Swan descended on Damayanti’s garden while she was walking with her friends. When the bird came closer, she asked the others to keep away and approached the bird. Once assured that they were beyond the reach of the others, Swan assured Damayanti that there was no need for her to catch it. It had indeed arrived just for her. Swan found that she too had heard about Nal’s good looks and glorious deeds. The bird earned the trust of Damayanthi by revealing that it lived in the Kingdom of Nal, tutoring ladies to practice proper gait like a swan.The bird disclosed that Nal was her ardent lover too. He desired to marry her, this made Damayanti very happy. When the swan inquired whether she would choose the Gods over him, Damayanthi assured the bird that none other than Nal would attract her. Just as a river would ultimately fall only in the sea, no hill, even if it tried its best, could arrest its flow. Swan was very glad and got ready to leave, when Damayanthi pleaded to describe how Nal looked like. Swan drew his figure on a lotus leaf. Damayanti was awestruck by the handsome king and embraced the picture with affection. Realizing that Nal's love was suitably returned, Swan blessed her to get the king as her husband.Damayanti was determined that she would choose Nal when her father invites suitors for her swayamvar. All kings, princes and Gods aspired to marry a beautiful woman like her. Once her father Bhima announced the swayamvar, Indra (God of rain and thunder), Varun (God of water resources), Agni (God of fire) and Yama (God of death) also traveled to Vidharbha for the contest. They met Nal on the way. They were surprised to see a human so handsome that he looked almost like one of them.The gods befriended him and felt a human would have more influence on Damayanti. They implored Nal to carry their proposal to her. Nal disclosed that he too desired to marry Damayanti, so he was an unfit choice of a messenger. Pleased by his honesty, the Gods insisted that they trusted him. They would device a little test. The four Gods and Nal would have an equal chance. If then Damayanti manage to prove her preference for Nal, they would withdraw their claim and bless them.They helped Nal reach her palace. He was astounded to see Damayanti in person. She was an epitome of feminine beauty. It was no surprise that she was desirable to the Gods. Damayanti recognized him, yet mischievously asked for his introduction. Nal introduced himself and conveyed the messaged of the four Gods. A surprised Damayanti opened her heart to him. She then stated that she would marry none else than Nal himself, and threatened to end her life if he tried convincing her to marry anyone else.Poor Nal was ecstatic but worried at the same time. He did not wish to cheat the Gods or hazard their wrath upon Damayanti. He admitted her love was reciprocated. Yet the lovers couldn’t unite by offending the Gods, unless she let them test her resolve. If she passed their test, she would be able to realize their dream. Damayanti understood and promised him that she would succeed no matter what. He could go and tell the Gods to take the test. Nal returned and repeated Damayanti’s words to the Gods. They agreed, if only Damayanti could recognize the real Nal. They all planned to disguised as him. Next day everyone was amazed to see five ‘Nals’ seated in the swayamvar.Damayanti could spot out the gods with their non sweating bodies. They had no shadows. Damayanti prayed to gods to show mercy on her as she had the right to choose her husband. The gods were pleased with her prayer. The marriage was conducted with full fanfare. Nal and Damayanti returned to Nishadh and lived happily with each other. Nal was a good ruler loved by his ministers and people. He ruled his kingdom according to rules of Dharma. They had two children soon.When the gods returned to heaven after participating in the marriage of Nal and Damayanti, they met Kali (kaliyuga- symbolic of bad time ahead), escorted by Dwapara (symbolic of a good past). On inquiring with them, Indra learnt that Kali was on his way to marry Damayanti, unaware that her marriage was over. Indra told him that his effort would be futile because Damayanti had already married a virtuous man named Nal. Kali was jealous and angry and vowed that he would not allow them to live together happily and he would do all that he could to separate them. The Gods tried to dissuade Kali from his attempt but he was unreasonable, they warned him of dire consequences and left for the heavens.Kali and Dwapara together plotted the scheme to separate Nal and Damayanti. Since Nal was very righteous, Dwapara told Kali that he could be trapped only through deceit in playing Dice. They together decided to persuade Nal’s younger brother Pushkara to challenge Nal for a game of dice.Pushkara welcomed the unexpected visitors and described his pathetic life where he had no royal powers like his cousin Nal. While inquiring about the purpose of their visit, he also exposed his inferiority complex. The two ill willed people were delighted to see that the situation was already in their favour. They promised Pushkara to help him defeat Nal in a game of Dice, send him to the forest and make him the King of the land. Kali offered himself as the stake for Pushkara to start the game.Encouraged by the two, Pushkara challenged Nal for a gambling match. A worried Damayanti, tried to dissuade Nal. Sensing that Nal might change his mind, Pushkara mocked that he was a coward and coaxed him to play. Nal told his wife that it was below his prestige to decline a challenge. An argument occurred between the couple. Ignoring Damayanti’s warning Nal finally sat down to play.Kali transformed himself in to a harmless ox. It was only an ox (Kali) at stake for Pushkara. Nal however confidently put his riches to gamble. One by one, Nal lost all his wealth. As if possessed, Nal was immune to the attempts of Damayanti or his ministers to dissuade him from this unreasonable game. At the end the situation came to such a juncture that if he contested further, he would lose his kingdom and would have to go to the forest. He rolled the fateful dice again. As Damayanti feared, he lost everything with the stake and Pushkara won hands down.Damayanti dispatched her two children to her father’s house with a trusted charioteer Varshaneya, preempting a bleak future for them in the wake of a lost kingdom. Soon Pushkara had won everything and drove Nal and Damayanti out of the country. Having lost everything except the clothes they were wearing. Insulted to the core, Nal and Damayanthi walked away grief-stricken to the woods.In the forest Nal and Damayanthi wandered hungry and thirsty. After hours they saw two birds sitting on a tree branch and planned to catch them for food. Without his bow and arrows Nal felt helpless and frustrated. He took off his only piece of clothing, a dhoti (wrap around his waist). He tried to use it as a net to catch the birds. What he did not know was that the birds were indeed Kali and Dwapara in disguise. Kali had sworn to strip Nal off his every belonging and separate him from Damayanti. As planned, Dwapara flew away with Nal’s dhoti leaving him naked and ashamed. He covered himself with some leaves.Wandering through a thick forest, the starved and depressed couple reached a shelter. Damayanthi tried to console Nal. Nal in turn ordered her to go back to her father’s palace. But Damayanti insisted to stay by his side, wherever he went. After the discussion she rested her head on her husband’s lap and fell off to sleep.As the final revenge Kali entered Nal’s mind and began to drive him crazy with morbid thoughts. Nal was distraught thinking about his misfortune. He thought that Damayanti might be safer if she were left alone. Suffering from a disturbed mind, he decided to leave Damayanti to her fate. He found an abandoned sword and cut half of her sari to cover him, he prayed to the Gods to look after her and left. On waking, Damayanti found herself alone in the midst of the forest. Terrified by the loneliness, she called for Nal to stop hiding and appear before her. After waiting the whole day when Nal failed to return, she realized, she had been abandoned by him. She set out to look for Nal.Damayanti faced several problems; a hunter saved her from a python and in return of the favour, attempted to rape her. Helpless Damayanti burnt him down with her curse. Distraught and tired she reached a group of merchants, who promised to drop her at her father’s house. At night when she rested in their camp, wild elephants attacked them and most of them were brutally crushed. The remaining merchants abused her for bringing on ill luck and accused her of being a witch or demon. Damayanti was devastated by the series of unfortunate incidents that chased her wherever she went. She cursed again that whoever was responsible for their misfortune (kali) would never rest in peace.Anguished Damayanti set out alone again, wishing that wild animals would kill her and end her misery forever. This time she wandered into the kingdom of Chedi, ruled by King Subahu. Damayanti was dirty, dressed in a torn sari, hair open and tangled, and her face ashen with fear, agony and stress. She looked like a lunatic and children followed her making fun of her. The queen of Chedi spotted Damayanti from the balcony of her palace. she wondered why such a beautiful woman suffered that way. She summoned her and Damayanti introduced herself as a servant girl lost in the woods. The queen took pity and employed her as her daughter’s parlour maid. Damayanti’s father Bhima had sent out several messengers to look for her. One such messenger Sudev, who had grown up with Damayanti and her brothers, reached Chedi. In the temple he saw the servant girl of the princess and recognized her.Sudev requested for an audience with Damayanti and introduced himself as her brother’s friend. Once Damayanti recognized him, Sudev informed her that her father wanted her back. The Chedi queen was stunned to know Damayanti’s real identity. Damayanti was her real sister’s daughter that she had seen only in childhood. She was distressed and repentant to have made her niece work as a servant. Damayanti instead was thankful for their patronage and care. She then accompanied Sudev to her father’s kingdom.After deserting Damayanti, Nal wondered why he was destined to suffer such a fate. All the good deeds he had done, the boons bestowed on him by the Gods were of no help. Only a little deviation from his righteous path and all his honour, possessions and family were lost. He was troubled that people would remember him as a coward, for abandoning his wife. He repented and prayed for grace from Gods so that he could earn back all he had lost.Nal drifted aimlessly in the dense forest without any purpose, immersed in the unpleasant memories of the previous days. He heard someone calling him and approached the direction of the call. He saw nothing but a forest fire and smoke. Soon he understood it was a cry to be rescued, from the midst of the forest fire. At the time of his marriage with Damayanti, he had received the boon from Agni that fire would not burn either him or those whom he wished to save. Nal ran into the blaze, he located the source of the cries, it was a serpent trapped in the logs. He carried the serpent out.When rescued, the serpent asked Nal for an introduction. When he Nal told his name the serpent asked him to shut his eyes and count to ten. When Nal reached ten, the serpent bit him and handsome Nal transformed into a dark ugly dwarf. Confused with anger and sorrow, Nal asked the serpent, why it had behaved in such a thankless manner with its saviour. The serpent revealed itself as Karkotakam, among the most venomous snakes. It disclosed that a sage had cursed him and then given the reprieve that one day Nal would rescue it. He had been asked to infect Nal with his venom to change his appearance. The only way Kali could be forced to leave his body. Nal thanked him with a sad smile, so this was all destined, he thought.Karkotakam assured him that the venom in his blood would soon drive away Kali that had infested him. Karkotakam gave Nal a holy piece of cloth, after wearing it he could return to his original appearance, when the right moment arrived. He instructed Nal to stay incognito in the kingdom of Kosala, serving King Rithuparna. Karkotakam then blessed him to enjoy all prosperity again. Nal commenced his journey towards the Kingdom of Kosala.As directed by Karkotakam, Nal presented himself in the court of Rituparna, introduced himself as Bahukam, the stable boy. He requested the King for a chance to serve him. The King allowed him to stay there with the other two servants, a cook Jeevalam and a charioteer Varshaneya.Living in Kosala, Bahuka often worried what might have happened to Damayanti in the forest. One day when the other two servants were deep asleep, he cursed himself and sang a tragic separation song in her memory. Jeevalam was half awake and overheard this exceptional poetry. He was curious but Bahuka bluffed. He claimed it was only a sad song that he had created. Bahuka evaded many other questions about his past.Full of doubt, Jeevalam discussed the matter with the charioteer Varshaneya. This was the same Varshneya who had worked with Nal (before he dropped his children at Kundinpuri of Vidarbha). Hearing about the sad downfall of his beloved king, he had joined Rituparna. He admitted to Jeevalam that though the dwarf’s habits matched his former master, but there was no way this ugly man could be the most handsome, well-built Nal. Jeevalam had no choice but to stay quiet.After reaching her home Kundinpuri, Damayanti sent around learned Brahmins in search of Nal all around the country. She taught them a song describing happenings in Nishadh and how a king left his wife in a jungle. Damayanti asked them to report if anyone responded to the song. Each one was meant to sing it in the market places, crowded community areas of the nearby kingdoms.One day a singer named Parnadan was singing Damayanti’s song in Kosala. Jeeavalam was surprised to hear a song that was quite like Bahuka’s tragic poetry. He approached Parnadan and revealed his colleague sang a similar song and matched all the clues.Parnadan returned to Kundinpuri and reported this to Damayanti. Following the clue from Parnadan, Damayanti concluded that Nal was most likely hiding in Kosala. Her mother suggested they announce Damayanti’s second marriage to get Nal to Kundinpuri. Damayanti once again asked her trusted Brahmin Sudeva to reach Kosala and check this man Bahuka’s reality. She implored him to device a plan to bring him to Kundinpuri once for her sake.Sudev promised to undertake any risk to bring them together. He suggested that since the King of Kosala was well known to him and he would declare in the presence of Nal (Bahuka) that Damayanti’s second marriage was planned for the very next day and the King was invited to take part. Assuring Damayanti to keep hope, he left for his trip towards Kosala.As planned, Sudeva informed Rituparna about the second marriage of Damayanti in the presence of Bahuka. Nal was shocked and upset, but he didn’t express his feelings. Rituparna immediately ordered Bahuka to saddle his best horses and take him as fast as possible to Kundinapuri. The thought of the second marriage of Damayanti constantly troubled Bahuka. He was worried about the turn of events. He had mercilessly abandoned her so could not expect her not to marry again. King Rituparna soon arrived in the chariot along with Varshneya and the three together proceeded towards Kundinapuri.Both Rithuparna and Varshneya were surprised at the speed and expertise with which Bahuka drove the chariot. During the journey Rithuparna was extremely pleased with the character of Bahuka. In a light moment Rithuparna demonstrated to his aids, the trick of estimating the number of leaves on a tree. Bahuka requested him to teach it as a reward for taking him to Kundinpuri. King taught him Akshahridaya Mantra (The law of probability), this skill also equipped him to calculate his chances at the game of dice. They reached Kundinpuri within a day. The new skill had increased Nal’s confidence. Karkotakam’s poison was becaming too powerful for Kali to tolerate. At last Kali exited out of Nal’s body.Escorted by Bahuka, when Rithuparna arrived at the Court of King Bhima, he found himself alone. Quite contrary to his expectation of seeing the decorated court crowded with Kings, there were no signs of a celebration. Rithuparna decided to cover up his foolishness by pretending that he had come only to refresh his friendship with King Bhima. Agitated inside Bahuka also maintained a calm demeanour.Damayanti was certain that Nal was the best charioteer around and only he was capable of achieving the feat of covering the distance between the two kingdoms in a day. Rithuparnan was hosted in the royal guesthouse.Eager to reunite with her husband, Damayanti sent her companion Kesini to observe the ugly dwarf who had come with Rithuparna. Kesini had special instructions to observe his habits and behaviour. Kesini approached Bahuka and asked him who he was and why he had come there. Though it was evident to Nal that the marriage of Damayanti was false information, Bahuka told her the truth that they had come for the second marriage of Damayanti.Kesini talked to him about how her mistress Damayanti had lost all interest in life. He however repeated that graceful women should not be angry with their husbands and understand the circumstances to their wrong actions. Kesini’s doubts increased. She enquired whether he had any news about Nal. Bahuka was caught unaware, but collected himself fast and denied any such information. He remarked that it was inappropriate for strangers to be seen together at untimely hours and requested her to go away.Kesini hid herself in the guesthouse and keenly observed Bahuka. She watched that he lighted a stove without using a starter fire, he just raised a straw to the sun and it caught fire on its own. When he looked at empty pitchers, they filled up with water. He turned dry flowers fresh with his touch. As directed by Damayanti, she pinched some food Bahuka had prepared. She returned to Damayanti, convinced that she had discovered something important. Kesini described the strange happenings to her mistress and presented the bite of the stolen food she had carried. By the boon of Yama, Nal had a special taste in his food that Damayanti recognized.Damayanti was happy and sad both. Happy that she had found Nal, sad that doubts gripped her mind again. How had he transformed into the dwarf? Why hadn’t he tried to find her? She wondered if he was displeased with her. Would he reject her if she approached him? She decided that the pain of rejection couldn’t be worse than the pain of separation she already suffered. Risking her worst of fears, she decided to meet him.Damayanti went to see Bahuka. She was sure that the Bahuka’s behaviour and actions were exactly like Nal. She had last seen him before falling asleep in the forest. Nal was tense on seeing his beloved after long, he cursed himself for abandoning her once again. There were a thousand things to explain and ask but taut like bowstring, he controlled his emotions and remained quiet.He just asked her why she had decided to marry again. Damayanti explained it was because she wanted him to come out of his hiding. She knew that only if there was a motive more urgent than the guilt of deserting her, he would surface again. She was forced to announce her wedding.Happy to see her husband back, Damayanti approached him with surprise and happiness, but instead of being pleased, he expressed his displeasure and shoved her away. He asked her to go ahead with the second marriage as planned and live with whichever king she liked. Dismayed by the rejection of Nal, Damayanti pleaded that the news of the second marriage was only a ploy to regain Nal, as advised by her mother. Refusing to believe anything of what she said, Nal turned away from Damayanti.At this moment a divine voice from the heavens announces: “I am Vayudeva, telling you that the idea of a second marriage was only a trick employed by her to bring Nal back to her and there was no reason to doubt her!” Nal apologises to Damayanti and admits she was right. Then Nal drapes the holy cloth gifted by Karkotakam over himself and regaines his original form. The two unite together. This is followed by requests from the Gods in heaven Indra, Agni, Vayu and Yama to Nal to accept his wife back. Shower of flowers are sprinkled from all around and sacred sounds of musical instruments. Nal embraces her lovingly.Nal then left with Damayanti and his loyal charioteer Varshaneya for Nishadha. He challenged Pushkara for a dice game again. Pushkara accepted. Nal equipped with the Akshahridaya Mantra, played well and won his entire kingdom again. He forgave Pushkara and returned him with his due share in the wealth. Nal ruled his people with justice and humility again.Credits: https://thoughtsmithscorner.wordpress.com/2016/11/04/nal-and-damyanti-a-story-told-through-kathakali-and-raja-ravi-varma-paintings-part-1/

What is the full form of Introduction Nal?I think it is for NAL.The full form of NAL is “National Aerospace Laboratories”.It is a constituent of the Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), India, established in the year 1959 the largest and only government aerospace R&D laboratory in the country's civilian sector.