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SOURCE : WIKIPEDIAThere are many top Muslim Business Man Business Man in India such asM. A. Yousuf Ali (Non-resident Indian businessman hailing from Nattika in Thrissur district of Kerala. He is the Managing Director of Abu Dhabi-headquartered EMKE Group of companies that owns the Lulu Hypermarket chain in Middle East.)Yusuf Khwaja Hamied (Chairman, Cipla)Azim Premji (Chairman, Wipro)B. S. Abdur Rahman (Billionaire. Vice-Chairman of Dubai based ETA Star Group, Chancellor of B.S. Abdur Rahman University, founder of Buhari Group, Chairman - Buharia Holding (P) Ltd, Chennai, Chairman - ABR Enterprises (P) Ltd, Chennai, Chairman - West Asia Maritime Ltd, Chennai, Chairman - West Asia Exports & Imports Pvt Ltd, Chennai, Chairman - East Coast Constructions & Industries (P) Ltd, Chennai, Chairman - Sethu Investments Pvt Ltd, Chennai)SOURCE 17 Indian Muslim Entrepreneurs Whose Stories Will Amuse YouThough entrepreneurship knows no boundaries of faith, we’re presenting to you a list of the top Muslim entrepreneurs in India (listed alphabetically).1. Ayaz Basrai Founder, The BusrideThe dream of an idea is often sweeter than its reality. Not so much for Ayaz Basrai. A pass out of the National Institute of Design (Ahmedabad), Ayaz graduated in Industrial Design and specialized in product design.After working in studios like Ideaspice Design Studio (Dubai), Lokus Design, and XHeight Design studio, he moved on and founded The Busride, an independent design studio, which seems to have touched almost every field you could think of: office spaces (Sony music studio, Channel V studio), retail spaces (The Shantanu Nikhil Gallery, The Turtle Retail Stores), houses (one at Ranwar and one at Tutikorin), and even films (Krrish, Chandni Chowk to China). Apart from Busride, Ayaz also runs The Gypsy Kitchen. He is passionate about Bandra and organizes Bandra Walks.2. Azhar Iqubal Co-Founder and CEO, InshortsToday everyone is busy. Either they are busy with work or in their daily chores. Seldom people make time to read a news. But it's essential for everybody to stay updated about the happenings in and around the world. Wouldn’t it be amazing if the news were filtered and shortened for you? Azhar Iqubal, an IIT Delhi dropout started up with News in Shorts along with Anunay Arunav of IIT Delhi, and Deepit Purkayastha of IIT Kharagpur in 2013.This young entrepreneur has turned our dreams into a reality by creating the app, News in Shorts. The app provides an experience, of knowing it all, without reading it all. The app curates news from all the sources, handpicks the best articles, and provides the gist of those stories in just 60 words.3. Farhan Azmi CEO, Infinity Hotels Pvt. Ltd.There are places you don’t want to be put in, and then there are places you do. Farhan Azmi gives to you the latter. The politician cum hotelier finished his schooling at The Scholar High School and studied commerce at Jai Hind and Sydenham College.What started as a hangout place for friends has metamorphosed into Infinity Hotels Pvt. Ltd., which is the parent company of Koyla, Café Basilico, Basilico House, and ChaiCoffi. Each is unique in its concept and the audience it looks to serve. All these have proved to place people want to be seen in. All throughout, Farhan has carefully carved himself a niche keeping in mind what he calls ‘space-starved’ Mumbaikars. Farhan evidently has grand expansion plans for Infinity Hotels and he’s juggling politics and business well.4. Faisal Farooqui Founder & CEO, MouthShut.com and Dealface.comWant to talk tireless? Talk Faisal Farooqui. Faisal graduated as a Bachelor in Science as well as in Finance from The State University of New York, Binghamton. He, unlike many in his stead, returned to India after the completion of his course and founded Consumer reviews on Movies, Cars, Bikes, Mobile Phones, Music, Books, Airlines, Restaurants, Hotels & more, an online customer feedback, and interaction portal. As of now, it has recorded over six million users a month and counting.Faisal also co-founded Zarca Interactive, an online survey software. He has received various awards and titles, like the Manthan Award by Govt. of India - Best Youth Website (2006), Indian Digital Media Awards - Best Web Portal of the Year-Gold (2011), etc. In addition to the awards, he was named Top Entrepreneur by the Entrepreneur Magazine in 2012 and one of the Top 100 Digital Icons of India 2012. When he isn’t busy receiving awards, he’s giving talks at prestigious institutions such as the American University in Dubai, IIM Ahmedabad, and IIT Mumbai. He published a paper on “Application of Market Research Towards Proactive Customer Relationship Management” in 2003. What's more, he also pioneered auto rickshaw advertising.5. Gulrez Alam Global COO, ResultrixSocial media and e-commerce are essential weapons for the success and sustenance of companies. Without SEO and SEM, they would be as good as a gun without bullets. Gulrez Alam has spent more than a decade of making social media and e-commerce useful to his clients.Gulrez, an MBA from IILM New Delhi, founded Resultrix in 2008. It is a leading service provider of search engine marketing (SEM), search engine optimization (SEO), affiliate and social media marketing. They are certified partners with Google AdWords and Google Analytics. Resultrix has also been listed as a Microsoft adExcellence Company. In a matter of six years of its formation, it has been acquired by Publicis Group. If you do want to catch him while he’s in Mumbai and make it look accidental, try the Sunday Farmer's Market at Bandra.6. Habil Khorakiwala Chairman, Wockhardt GroupWockhardt group is the first true healthcare group from India, and Dr. Habil Khorakiwala has been the captain of this ship. He steers it and has built it sturdy. Dr. Khorakiwala majored in Pharmacy from the L M College in Ahmedabad and later acquired a Masters Degree in Pharmaceutical Science from Purdue University, USA. He was the only international non-American to have been given the title of ‘Distinguished Aluminous’ by the Purdue University. Thereafter he studied in an Advanced Management Programme at the Harvard Business School in Boston, USA.He returned to India and took over what was a small firm that made OTC (Over-The-Counter) medications. It has now blossomed into a giant MNC, making him a pharma tycoon in its true sense. As of today, Wockhardt is a USD 841 million (and counting) pharmaceutical company. The firm engages in an endless list of CSR activities and has a workforce of 7500 people from 14 nations. The Government of India has nominated Dr. Habil Khorakiwala for various committees and councils. He is quite the family man, and an avid reader and philanthropist.7. Irfan Alam Founder, SammaanIrfan Alam was fond of comics as a child and is now an entrepreneurial superhero for over five million rickshaw operators. As a twelve-year-old, Irfan studied the stock market and helped his father make investment decisions. By the age of fifteen, he launched Matins, a portfolio management firm that managed over Indian INR 60 lakhs (nearly USD 14,000). As an older man, the Harvard graduate identified an opportunity that would ease out the life for rickshaw operators as well as their clients and carried extensive research for the same at IIM Ahmedabad. In 2006, he participated in a competition announced by a television channel for entrepreneurs to showcase their business ideas. He won the contest and was titled “Business Bazigaar”.Irfan declined to accept the investment, in a very hero-like move, over the investors’ demands of the firm being for-profit and their demand to hold a majority of stakes in it. He structured a model that ensured that he and the community (with the community owning a majority) will together hold at least 51 percent of the stakes in Samman, which organized the most scattered income generating sector in India - the rickshaw operators. It doesn’t stop there. The rickshaws that are part of Samman are also a selling point for various products and services. The rickshaw operators and their families have been made “full economic citizens” by Irfan’s efforts to build channels for essential services such as banking, individual access to credit, and health for them. He was invited for Presidential Summit, 2010 at Washington by the US President Barack Obama. He has won himself various titles and awards. All he needs now is a cape!8. Irfan Razack Managing Director, Prestige GroupBread, clothing, and shelter are our basic needs. The Razack Sattar family deals in the latter two. Irfan Razack is Mr. Sattar’s eldest son. He studied commerce and graduated from St. Joseph’s College (Bangalore University) and was also awarded the Lifetime Achievement Award by St. Joseph’s Old Boys Association. Later on, he completed a course in Jordan by the United Nations University International’s Leadership Academy (UNU/ILA).Irfan established Prestige in 1986, which is now a public company, with over 90 million square feet of commercial, retail, and residential properties gracing its profile so far. His love for extreme adventure is reflected in the goals he sets for Prestige and the velocity at which the company is expanding. He guided it for INR 4300 crore, which amounts to about 8 million square feet for the financial year 2014. Mr. Sattar has received many awards, including Real Estate Excellence Award (2008) and the Best Developer Award (2009) by Karnataka State Town Planning Development. He has also held important posts like Honorary secretary of Al-Ameen Educational Society, President of Bangalore Commercial Association (BCA) and Chairman of CREDAI.9. Javed Akhtar CEO, TravelportThe obvious direct relationship between employee productivity and employee satisfaction demands that corporates give as much attention to their internal audience as they do to their external audience. Javed Akhtar, a graduate from St. Georges College, Heena J. A., and Bhavin Parekh witnessed the plight of these corporates and identified the tremendous opportunity that comes with it. They fit together all the elements of loyalty and promotions programs, and Travelport was born.They started off in a small office at Dharavi in 2002. 12 years on, they have expanded and ventured into the rewards and recognition programs as well. Rewardport, as they call it, serves over 250 clients with a team of 150 professionals, with a turnover of over INR 100 crore. This taste of success seems to have made Javed crave for more! Already having covered a strong market share in both corporate travel plans and corporate reward plans, he’s now tapping the potential in the travel market for non-corporate individuals. Javed has also come up with the idea of opening travel offices in malls, adding convenience to quality.10. Jawed Habib Managing Director, Jawed Habib Hair and Beauty Ltd (JHHBL)Jawed’s grandfather, Nazir Ahmed, cut the hair of almost all the heavyweights among Indian and British politicians of the likes of Jawaharlal Nehru and Lord Mountbatten. Jawed, a graduate in French Literature from Jawaharlal Nehru University, is undoubtedly romantic- but for hairdressing. He completed a nine-month hairdressing course at Morris International School in London post graduation. Soon after, he was hired by Sunsilk and he gave the firm a good nine years of service before returning to India.Here in India, Jawed started units in remote places and trained a handful of students at a time. The trained students were then encouraged to go back to their hometown and gather a group of five people for his lecture. Then he’d start a salon with them! This soon formed a chain. Today, JHHBL has 207 saloons and 41 academies across India, and one in Malaysia. He now intends to diversify and offer to his clients all that is related to haircare and beauty. Shampoos, serums, makeup cosmetics, hair clips, razors, spas, (saloon) chairs, cups, electronic hair appliances - you name it and it’s on his mind already.11. Jazeel Badur Ferry Co-founder, Eventifier"Never let success get into your head and never let your failure get to your heart". These are the wise words dominating Jazeel’s Facebook page cover photo. The 23-year-old completed an undergraduate degree in computer science and engineering from Mangalore. He and his friends failed at impressing the jury of The Startup Centre hackathon with their idea to build an app related to stock market integrating the SMS feature.A year later, though, they floored the jury with their idea of Eventifier, which was born out of a seemingly casual observation that there was no online portal to archive the pictures and social media discussions threads that were formed while the event was on. Eventifier’s incubation at The Startup Centre hackathon was the starting point of the ride the three friends were getting onto. It was listed as one of the 7 most interesting social media startups at the Web Summit, Ireland. The startup has now been funded with USD 5,00,000 by Accel Partners and Kae Capital.12. Mohammad Hisamuddin Co-Founder, Innoz Technologies and QuestWhile the world is busy going gaga over the internet, Mohammad and two of his friends were busy unlocking the treasures of SMS apps. Mohammad graduated from Lal Bahadur Shastri College of Engineering, Kerala. The idea of Innoz was formed in a hostel room while the startup itself was jointly incubated at IIM Ahmedabad and Technopark Trivandrum.Quest is an Android and iOS based application that function as a search engine where people answer questions posed by other people. Innoz has been recorded the largest offline search engine, 2013, in the Limca Book of Records. It has also has won a number of awards, including Nasscom top 8 emerging technology companies in India 2010, top 10 mobile application developers in India 2010, and top 10 emerging product companies 2011. In addition, they won MIT-TR35 for 2010 and were shortlisted for the GSMA global mobile Awards 2012. Mohammad Hisamuddin follows football, cricket, and tennis and likes to read non-fictions books. With so many things on his plate, we wonder where this gets all the time for it.13. Navaj Sharief Founder, Ammi’s BiryaniWhat’s better than a traditional, homemade biryani? A traditional homemade biryani packed in a box and delivered to you! Meet the guy who brought this about - Navaj Sharief. He completed his schooling from Baldwin Boy’s School and moved on to pursue his BBA and MBA from the Banglore University. Navaj left the comfort of a well-established, family owned business to start Ammi’s Biryani in 2008.He believes in building the city before building the fort. It comes as no surprise, then, that he single-handedly built the company from scratch first, transcending from one role to another whenever required. The building of a strong management and HR team around it came later, with stabilization. This strategy has worked wonders for him. Today, Ammi’s Biryani has over 30 outlets spread across Bangalore and Chennai. It has been applauded for its flawless packaging and its appealing quality of food on various blogs. Navaj bagged the Best Entrepreneur Award at the Maeeshat Awards ceremony, 2013.14. Shahnaz Husain Founder, Shahnaz Husain GroupIf sheer grit and independence could be a woman, it would be Shahnaz Husain. She was schooled at La Martiniere, Lucknow, and was married by the tender age of 15. Shahnaz accompanied her husband to his posting in Tehran. There, beauty treatments intrigued her more than ever and she made up her mind to study cosmetology. Driven by her will to be independent, she supported her education by writing articles for the Iran Tribune. She worked with some of the leading institutions in the world, like Swarzkopf, Helena Rubinstein, Lancome, Christine Valmy, and Lean of Copenhagen. The occurrences of chemical damage due to beauty treatments inspired her to look for a safer, more dependable alternative.She found Ayurveda, and there has been no looking back ever since. Now a mother, she started her business in the comfort of her home, with an initial investment of INR 35,000 from her father. Soon, she was elected Chairman of the I.T.E.C. International Beauty Congress in 1981 and later in the year represented India at the Cosmetics Fair at Brighton, UK. The sale of her products broke the cosmetics sales record at Selfridge, and there was no looking back after. As of today, Shahnaz Husain has expanded her business to over 100 countries, branching into various segments like salons, spas, and shops.15. Syed Mohammed Beary CMD, Beary’s GroupSyed Mohammed Beary started off as a real estate consultant in 1981. Within three decades, Beary’s Group has grown into a giant empire, offering solutions for everything, from design, development, construction, management, coordination to marketing and advisory services. Today, Beary’s is involved in total reality, property development, and turnkey solutions, infrastructure and construction engineering, shariah as well as education. Syed spent his childhood in the picturesque hilly region of Chikmagalur.His love for nature forms an integral part of all the projects his group takes up. The entire Beary Group is supported on three pillars - Entrepreneurship, Environment, and Education. The BGRT is India’s first sustainable green building research park. They have as many as 16 educational institutes across the coastal towns of Karnataka. The group has won multiple awards over the years.16. Sirajuddin Qureshi CMD, Hind IndustriesSirajuddin Qureshi was born an entrepreneur. As a child, he supported his education by buying small goods and selling them on the roadside. He graduated from the University of Delhi and pursued Law after. Hind Industries saw its inception with Mr. Qureshi’s first consignment - an order of meat worth Rs. 17,000 to Dubai. Today, Hind Industries has its presence in 50 countries, with interests in agro-processing, abattoirs, livestock development, engineering, education, hospitality, and power. In 2010, Sirajuddin Qureshi was invited by US President Barack Obama for an entrepreneurial summit in Washington.Mr. Qureshi is also president of the Indian Islamic Culture Centre. Having realized the importance of education very early on in life, Mr. Qureshi has taken upon himself to help scores of youngsters from the minority sections of the society and educated them through the Noble Education Foundation of IICC. He also bears all the expenses towards the education provided. Mr. Qureshi has been honored with several awards and recognitions from the Government of India for his contributions to the export industry.17. Zoher Khorakiwala Chairman, MonginisIn the times when cakes were a luxury affordable only to the highest class, Monginis gave the common man reason to ‘Go ahead, celebrate!’. Zoher Khorakiwala grew up to a constant cycle of wooden trays filled with fresh cakes and puffs entering the bakery and getting exhausted within minutes. He joined the family business in 1972. Since then, much has changed and much has stayed the same. The cake shop of the common man has adapted itself to local tastes as it built franchises all over the world. The evergreen favorites like the black forest cake and the pineapple pastry, though, have remained untouched.Monginis has kept up with the dynamic technological advancements, entering into e-commerce and even offering varieties like ‘photo’ cakes. Not to forget the packaged moist cakes have gained popularity. Zoher Khorakiwala has strategized the expansion of Monginis in such a way that they consolidate their presence in the places where they already have stores. We think these are grand, deserving plans. After all, who hasn’t heard of Monginis?Edit: As per commentsHow a coolie's son set up a Rs 100 crore company http://www.rediff.com/getahead/report/how-a-coolies-son-set-up-a-rs-100-crore-company/20151216.htm

Okay, so I’m pretty familiar with this conservative media shit, okay? Breitbart, the Blaze, Focus on the Family, the Daily Wire, etc., I grew up with that stuff, but I had never heard of Conservapedia before. That’s probably a good thing too because I was looking into it, and oh my god, this is the most hilarious shit I have ever read. I had to literally research and make sure this was not a satire site like the Onion or something, because it sounded like a Steven Colbert sketch mocking conservatives. But according to Conservapedia itself: “There are no liberal satires in conservapedia because the editors correct them. Conservapedia is the most reliable and accurate resource for unbiased perspective on all topics covered.”Maybe I’m tripping, but “reliable and accurate resources” with “unbiased perspectives” don’t often compile lists such as Worst Liberal Movies and Greatest Conservative Movies as if you can document the “many superb conservative films” and “the more outrageous examples” of the “attempt to normalize and aggrandize amoral lifestyles and liberal bias” with any amount of objectivity. Reading these pages alone caused me fits of laughter at the hypersensitivity of these poor people. Furthermore, it seems that most of what determines if a film is “conservative” or “liberal” is completely arbitrary. For instance, The Birth of a Nation, The Passion of the Christ, It’s a Wonderful Life, and Bad Santa are classified as liberal films, the last one because “this insult to the sacred holiday of Christmas features gratuitous coarse language, sexual escapades, and drunkenness”. On the other hand, A Christmas Story, A Dog’s Purpose, Ferris Bueller’s Day Off and Black Panther are obviously conservative films? I’m so confused.So because I’m a little bit too deep into sadomasochism at this point, let’s look at some of their explanations for what makes a movie conservative or liberal.American Psycho is apparently “the most anti-American film you’ll ever see because it attempts to pass an investment banker off as a secret serial killer”. Damn, we passionate about our investment bankers.The Big Lebowski is liberal propaganda because it “glorifies drug abuse, laziness, and nihilism”Django Unchained is a bad liberal movie because of “graphic violence and the n-word”. Aren’t these the same people that go into a triggered tizzy if someone even mentions censoring the n-word in versions of Huckleberry Finn used in schools?Get Out is a “racist horror comedy-drama” because it discourages “American ideals such as interacial and intercultural integration”The Odd Life of Timothy Green is bad because “despite an overly schmaltzy pro-family sentiment, this film showcases terrible parenting”. It’s a recurring theme throughout this article that if a movie “showcases” anything that conservatives do not wish to exist, it is liberal propaganda.Brave is bad because Merida “demonstrates poor family values” by refusing to marry, which makes it a “feminist propaganda piece”The Hunchback of Notre Dame which was “released during liberal maniac Michael Eisner’s reign of terror at Disney”, the film supposedly “does everything in its power to persecute Christians”. I guess Conservapedia missed the whole “God Help the Outcasts” song explicitly promoting sincere Christianity.Beauty and the Beast is essentially feminist propaganda because of “Belle being unwilling to hold the role of housewife for Gaston or raising children, and later her blaming the titular Beast for her fleeing the castle despite most of the events leading up to and after that event being largely her fault and the story framing that as being a good thing she did.” Umm, she was kind of like kidnapped? I don’t think it’s too far fetched to say that trying to run away wasn’t a horrible moral decision. Plus, Conservapedia seems to have a big problem with any woman being depicted in media as anything but a housewife. “On that note, due to Beast being unwilling to even defend himself, let alone the castle servants, when the mob arrived to kill him until Belle had arrived at the last second, which had been the result of Belle's attempts at civilizing Beast, it gives the implication that the ideal male in the film is not allowed to get angry or act violently even in self-defense unless a woman was physically present.” Dude, he was depressed. It’s not that deep. He doesn’t fight back to defend Belle so that argument doesn’t make sense. “Similarly, the only three females in the film who are implicitly supportive of marriage and Christianity are demeaned, depicted as dumb blondes with the script and credits explicitly referring to them derogatorily as "the bimbettes.” How exactly are they shown to be “implicitly supportive of marriage and Christianity”? I thought both of those things were often at a contrast with sleazy women. Unless they all wanted to be in a polyamourous Mormon relationship with Gaston, I feel like the “Bimbettes'' having any sort of devotion to Christianity and marriage is doubtful.Chicken Run -“Produced by Jeffrey Katzenberg, this vegan propaganda film compares a chicken farm to the Holocaust. The main villain of the movie is a capitalist who wants to make chicken pies. The film also promotes elements of feminism and anti-Americanism. On other hand the main villain of the movie is also a feminist as well as she called her husband's ancestors "poor worthless nothings".” It’s really not that deep.The Passion of the Christ - “Downplays the Resurrection and strength of Christianity and omits powerful angels; instead exaggerates triumph of evil; film had little lasting effect on public or its producer; portrayed nails as through the hands rather than through the wrists as depicted by the Shroud of Turin and confirmed by modern science.” Damn.It’s a Wonderful Life - “It also falsely teaches that humanism is what makes life worthwhile; marginalizes faith with a cartoonish depiction and demonizes capitalism as sadistic and greedy.” It demonizes being rich and greedy as being rich and greedy.Fargo - “It remains debatable whether she is a feminist or feminine protagonist.” It could be both, you know.Jaws - “Anti-environmentalism film, the heroes are police chief Brody, WWII vet Quint and Marine Biologist Hooper who team up to take on a monstrous, man-eating great white shark. However, there is a part where (despite the warning) the Mayor keeps the beaches open for the sake of money, which some may say is an anti-capitalism statement.” You do know that if you mention that being greedy enough to risk people’s death is part of capitalism, most people are going to be turned off by capitalism, right?Gnomeo and Juliet - “This disturbing love story contains a joke that could be interpreted as passing off bestiality (in this case, with a garden gnome, which is normally an inanimate object) as funny.” How can anyone write something this stupid with a straight face?The Princess and the Frog - “Liberals praised this film for featuring Disney's first African American princess but ignored the fact that it insults Christianity with Louisiana Voodoo, even replacing the traditional role of the fairy godmother with a blind voodoo priestess.” Showing other religions is an insult to Christianity. “On top of that, The Princess and the Frog is said to have stolen much of its plot from great conservative film The Little Mermaid.” No, it stole its plot from a Brothers Grimm fairy tale called The Frog Prince. But as The Little Mermaid also stole several parts of its plot from a Hans Christian Anderson fairy tale, it’s easy to see how you could get them confused. “That being said, however, it does depict traditional femininity in a positive light in the form of the side character Charlotte LeBoeuf…” I wouldn’t exactly call that a positive light. “and is the first Disney animated feature film to have a positive depiction of traditional marriage since The Little Mermaid two decades prior.” Conservapedia has less imagination than a 4-year-old girl as they can’t handle marriage and happily ever after only being implied, they literally have to see it on the screen to verify that it really took place. “It's also debatable as to whether it promotes feminism, as aside from Charlotte LeBoeuf being depicted in a positive light overall as noted above, it implies at one point that Tiana achieving her dreams of being a CEO is ultimately a negative due to the main villain Dr. Facilier using that to tempt her into aiding him.” Pretty sure that is not the point of the movie.WALL-E - “The movie shows the dangers of big government (BNL), however it is also anti-capitalist and pro-environmentalism as BNL is a corporation.” If there’s anything I’ve learned from this page, it is that caring about the environment, saving animals, or not wanting the earth to be a literal garbage dump is going to get you a big thumbs down from Conservapedia.The Rescuers - “The villain in this movie is a capitalist pawn shop owner, who wants a rare diamond to make her rich, to add insult to injury they're Southerners.” Again, Conservapedia, greedy is not synonymous with capitalist. Your confusion between the two worries me about your support for capitalism. “On the other hand, the main villain is also a feminist, and the main human protagonist is shown praying for not only herself (even she has been kidnapped) but for all the kids in the orphanage (who have not been kidnapped).” Ah yes, she follows the two core tenets of feminist philosophy: owning alligators and enslaving children. (On another note: it’s been a long time since I’ve seen this movie: why the fuck does this bitch need to kidnap a child to go in a hole to get a diamond? Couldn’t she have someone else do it? Why this kid specifically?)The Twilight Saga - “Starred by anti-military liberal Kristen Stewart and glorifies vampires”. You know vampires, those socialists and dangerous enemies of democracy.Okay, so now that we’ve weeded out some of the movies that Conservapedia just cannot stand - what the fuck is left? Well, actually there are some movies which just perfectly capture the heart of conservatism such as:Ace Ventura: Pet Detective - “Hero Ace Ventura is an animal lover, but not an animal rights activist, and prefers conservation. In addition in recent years, liberals have criticized this movie under claims of it "attacking" the LGBT community, as the main villain is a gender-confused man who pretended to be a "woman". Ventura literally freaks out when he realized he really made out with a man, as does everyone else later when they find out the truth. Ventura also calls him by his biological gender.”Chitty Chitty Bang Bang - “Set in 1910s England and loosely based upon the epic children's novel by Ian Fleming (the creator of the James Bond franchise), widower inventor Caractacus Potts raises money to buy and repair an old race car, then takes his children and new love interest for a picnic on the beach. There, he tells them an epic tale about going on a mission to defend the car from a villainous king and queen who have outlawed children in the fictitious country of Vulgaria, and the story comes to life on screen. The film celebrates family unity, portrays a capitalistic entity (the candy empire owned by the father of Truly Scrumptious, Potts' love interest) in a positive light.” But does it though? They literally have dogs come into the shop and eat all the candy? Plus marriage is never shown or mentioned between Atticus Potts and Truly Scrumptious and the only married couple are depicted as evil, so I’m pretty sure this movie is just another example of Hollywood’s anti-family crusade.Citizen Kane - “Voted by film critics to be the greatest film ever made, its innovations shaped the entire movie industry. Conservative for its unflattering exposure of mainstream media moguls and the fall of an arrogant man.” But he’s a capitalist though. Come on, Conservapedia, this movie is literally about how getting rich and powerful made a man miserable and mean. Are you really going to let that slide?Delivery Man - “Republican actor Vince Vaughn portrays a delivery man who finds out that he is the biological father to 533 children. Realizing the importance of family, he learns how to be a father figure and take on more responsibilities.” Damn, what happened to the Republican principle of honoring marriage and not being a hoe though?Ferris Bueller’s Day Off - “A cool teen in Chicago plays hooky with his girlfriend, his best friend, and a vintage Ferrari restored by his best friend's unseen, car-obsessed father. The film shows how teenagers can have fun without drugs, alcohol, or tobacco;”. It shows teens that they can have fun without drugs, alcohol, and tobacco as long as they skip school, lie to their parents, steal a car, and trick various other people into allowing them to go places they are not supposed to. Also, you have to be able to lip sync. “and the main character is faithful to his girlfriend, likely choosing abstinence.” What? Did we watch the same movie? Ferris is literally flirting with other girls five seconds after telling his girlfriend he’s going to marry her. And what makes you think he’s abstinent? My man, Ferris Bueller gets laid, okay? “In a clear anti-socialist statement, Ferris says that "I'm not European, I don't plan on being European. So who gives a crap if they're socialists? They could be fascist anarchists, it still doesn't change the fact that I don't own a car. Not that I condone fascism." Since the movie mocks the liberal public education system, Ferris even directly states that he is not socialist and will never be such.” I don’t think that’s the clear and convincing anti-socialist PSA that you want it to be, Conservapedia.Ford vs. Ferrari - “One of the best films of 2019 was also one of its most conservative. A classic example of a "guy movie", this fact based racing drama has a pro-family and pro-America message. It also portrays capitalism in a positive light.” It was mediocre and cliched. You obviously didn’t watch too many films in 2019, Conservapedia.Gladiator - “It is the sort of uncompromising movie experience guaranteed to send pacifists and lily-livered liberals running for the exits.” Yes, obviously all the lily-livered liberals hate this movie, unlike all those brave, bold conservatives who wrote this article who were not at all triggered by American Psycho, Django Unchained, or Beauty and the Beast.Gone With the Wind - “This American cinema classic celebrates traditional man-and-woman relationships...” Is marital rape and attempted cheating what Conservapedia thinks traditional man-and-woman relationships should look like? “...as well as a strongly feminine heroine who is the antithesis of a modern feminist” I love that Conservapedia flat out admits that the ideal anti-feminist woman is a whiny, racist brat, who literally throws temper tantrums when she doesn’t get what she wants and tries to break up other peoples’ relationships because she is too selfish to care about anyone but herself. Great. You guys can have her.The Greatest Showman - “Based on the true story of P. T. Barnum this musical celebrates the American Dream, as he helped build and create his own circus. Besides from that there various Christian values as well, such as the redemptive themes shown, the faithfulness, and being pro-marriage and pro-family. In addition it also promotes the idea of treating everyone with respect and dignity.” The film is full-on revisionist history, so I’m not really shocked that Conservapedia favors it. I am a bit surprised that with all their abilities to squeeze political values out of innocuous scenarios, they didn’t pick up on the pretty obvious pro-LGBT undertones in this movie, with the constant messages of unapologetic self-acceptance and support of people and relationships different from you, including women with beards.The Lion King - “Scar is a model liberal because, once he becomes ruler, he favors Communistic/fascistic big government, pushes liberal values, and lets their Pride Lands territory fall to ruin. In addition, when rallying up the Hyenas to aid him in killing Mufasa, he vows that they will never starve under his rule, mirroring what various Communist and other leftist insurgents often vow when trying to get people to aid them in taking over a government....At several points in the film, Scar delusively believes he is still a very good king, even claiming "I'm ten times the king Mufasa was!", which is similar to liberal delusions of their own skills in governing (i.e., Obama's later claim that he would have "won" reelection into a third term if he was able to run again, despite never being legally qualified to run in the first place, not to mention his being legally barred from running for a third term even if he were legally qualified to run in the first place per the Twenty-Second Amendment to the United States Constitution)” I really don’t know what to say to this.The Little Mermaid - “An adaptation of Hans Christian Anderson's fairy tale of the same name, it was about a mermaid strives to become a traditional female human, following the patriarchal system of society. It also promotes the concept of assimilation, as the mermaid: Ariel when becoming human intended to adopt the culture of the humans upon doing so. The film centers around conservative Christian values and contains an anti-feminism theme. Ariel is shown to be the antithesis of a modern feminist.” I mean she leaves her entire life behind, metaphorically sells her soul to the devil, and literally gives up her voice in an attempt to impress a guy she’s never even had a conservation with, so yeah. “On a similar note, it also has an implicit anti-homosexuality theme, as Ursula's overall design was derived largely from the infamous drag queen Divine.” That’s what makes her cool. “Despite being set under the sea, it also features an anti-Environmentalism and anti-racism message, as the characters (namely King Triton) who pushed anti-human sentiments turned out to be wrong in their negative views on humans.” They are like literally eating Ariel’s friends and King Triton’s subjects though. Ariel is a disloyal hoe. “It also shows a perfect allegory towards liberalism's deceit and cheating to ensure success and its unwillingness to keep its word, as well as the promotion of character integrity and doing things fair and square, as when Ariel seemed to have failed at gaining Eric's love, she makes absolutely no attempt at stopping the marriage until after learning that his "bride", Vanessa (in reality, Ursula in disguise), had in fact brainwashed Prince Eric and that he didn't choose to marry her, with it being implied that Ursula violated her end of the deal when she did that action, and even when she does in fact fail, Ariel makes absolutely no effort to resist Ursula's dragging her away.” That’s one hell of a stretched out sentence to make a stretch of a point.Indiana Jones - “During the Great Depression, archaeologist and adventurer Dr. Henry "Indiana" Jones searches the world for artifacts of untold power and, along the way, combats some of America's most infamous enemies, in particular Nazis. The first and third films contain Christian themes since they are centered around the Ark of the Covenant and the Holy Grail, respectively; while the second film condemns paganism due to its main villain being a pagan priest.” Dude, in Indiana Jones world, Hindu gods somehow coexist with the Judaic one, who apparently lives in a box and only comes out once in a while to smite people. You thought The Passion of the Christ was sacrilegious, but you’re okay with this? At this point, I’m highly offended that you are not highly offended at this blasphemy, Conservapedia.Jurassic World - “In addition, there was at least one implicit anti-feminist message in the film, as after the boss's secretary was brutally killed by dinosaurs, Owen indicated that she ultimately deserved her death due to her not acting like a mother.” Wow. I mean I knew Conservapedia didn’t exactly like nontraditional women, but I didn’t realize that they wanted them to die.October Sky - “Four high school boys from a rural coal mining town, inspired by Sputnik, set out to build their own rockets and become rocket scientists.” Isn’t this also a movie that showcases a dad that’s a total douchebag but supposedly a Christian?Saw - “The franchise contains an anti-nihilist message, with the antagonist, John Kramer, also known as "the Jigsaw Killer," wishing for his victims to survive the "games" in which he places them, ultimately emerging with a better appreciation for their lives. For example, Saw condemns the adultery committed by Dr. Lawrence Gordon. Saw III focuses on the value of forgiveness, John having Jeff Denlon complete three tests involving the three people whom he blamed for the death of his young son. Saw IV contains a very strong message of letting go and letting people find salvation and redemption for themselves, an allusion to biblical passages about the subject.” So violence = bad, torturing people to try to make them more forgiving = okay?Willy Wonka and the Chocolate Factory - “Showing the importance of having character. Willy Wonka gives each of the kids on tour an Everlasting Gobstopper, which is a potential goldmine, given that a rival spy had earlier offered each of the kids money in exchange for handing over this new invention. Also, every single kid, except Charlie, misbehaves in such a way that injures or deforms them in some way. The film also promotes capitalism, with Wonka being such a successful business leader in the world of candy. In addition, this film is surely to annoy liberals, who want to ban chocolate candy and sweets.” Yes, as we all know, the secret agenda of liberals is to get into positions of power so they can outlaw Snickers and Laffy Taffy.Okay, I think that’s enough brain death for today. The people involved in this site are obviously low hanging fruit and to be honest, I don’t think they represent mainstream conservatism or what most conservatives think in any way. I think it’s more likely just a wiki controlled by a small group of very radical and hysterical fundamentalist Christians of the type that are scared of vaccines and think Trump is God’s anointed. They lack humor and introspection because they’re too scared to think critically about things that don’t align perfectly with their beliefs. While they boil away in their stew of irrational sensitivity, the rest of us can laugh and enjoy movies like It’s a Wonderful Life or The Gladiator without decrying them as “horrible” or “propaganda” just because they may sometimes present concepts that are not always agreed with.Peace. V

Marking Scheme of CBSE Social Science Class X Paper (Code - 32/2/1) held on 29th March 2019Q.1. Explain the aim to form 'Zollverein', a Customs Union, in 1834 in Germany .OrExplain the main reason responsible for the eruption of a major protest in Saigon Native Girls School in Vietnam in 1926.The aim to form 'Zollverein', creation of a unified economic territory allowing the unhindered movement of good, people and capital to stimulate mobility, harnessing economic interests to national unification.OrA Vietnamese girl sitting in one of the front seats was asked to move to the back of the class and allow a local French student to occupy the front bench. She refused. The Principle, also a colon, expelled her. When angry students protested, they too were expelled, leading to a further spread of open protests.Q.2. Why was printing of textbooks sponsored by the Imperial State in China ?OrWhy did Chandu Menon give up the idea of translation of 'EnglishNovels' in Malyalam ?China possessed a huge bureaucratic system which recruited its personnel through civil service examinations. Textbooks for this examination was printed in vast numbers under the sponsorship of the imperial state. From the sixteenth century, the number of examination candidates went up and that increased the volume of print.OrChandu Menon realized that his readers in Kerala were not familiar with the way in which the characters in English novels lived: their clothes, ways of speaking, and manners were unknown to them. They would find a direct translation of an English novel dreadfully boring. So, he gave up this idea and wrote instead a story in Malayalam in the 'manner of English novel books'.Q.3. How has Shillong solved the problem of acute shortage of water ?OrHow has Tamil Nadu solved the problem of acute shortage of water ?Shillong receive the highest rainfall in the world, yet the state capital Shillong faces acute shortage of water. Nearly every household in the city has a roof top rain water harvesting structure. Nearly 15-25 per cent of the total water requirement of the household comes from roof to rainwater harvesting.OrTamil Nadu is the first state in India which has made roof top rainwater harvesting structure compulsory to all the houses across the state. There are legal provisions to punish the defaulters.Q.4. How did the feeling of alienation develop among the Sri LankanTamils ?Sri Lankan Government adopted a series of Majoritarian measures to establish Sinhala Supremacy. In 1956, an Act was passes to recognize Sinhala as the only official language, thus disregarding Tamil. The governments followed preferential policies that favoured Sinhala applicants for university positions and government jobs. A new constitution stipulated that the state shall protect and foster Buddhism. All these government measures, coming one after the other, gradually increased the feeling of alienation among the Sri Lankan Tamils.Q.5. What may be a developmental goal of farmers who depend only on rain for growing crops ?OrWhat may be a developmental goal of urban unemployed youth ?Timely rain, if rainfall doesn't occurs he/she gets work in MNAREGA, irrigation facilities to be developed by government, government waves off his loanOrA job with a handsome salary, a peaceful working atmosphere, opportunity to learn, a sense of security and freedom etc.Q.6. Give one example each of modern currency and older currency.Modern Currency - Coins, Paper notes, Cheque, Debit/Credit card etc.Older Currency - Cowries, precious metalQ.7. If you want to purchase and electrical valuable good, what logo would you like to see to confirm its quality ?ISI logoQ.8. Describe the great economic hardship that prevailed in Europe during the 1930's ? (actually it should be 1830's)OrDescribe the serious problem faced by the modern part of Hanoi in 1903(1) The first half of the nineteenth century saw an enormous increase in population all over Europe. IN most countries there were more seekers of jobs then employment. Population from rural areas migrated to the cities to live in overcrowded slums(2) Small producers in town often faced with stiff competition from imports of cheap machine goods from England, where industrialization was more advanced than on the continent(3) In those regions of Europe where the aristocracy still enjoyed power, peasants struggled under the burden of feudal dues and obligations. The rise of food prices or a year of bad harvest led to widespread pauperism in town and country.Or(1) In 1903, the modern part of Hanoi was struck by bubonic plague. The chief cause for this was the increasing number of rats in sewers which were laid out in the French part of Hanoi to keep the city beautiful and clean(2) The French, in order to put a check on this menace hired Vietnamese workers and paid them for each rat they caught. This rat hunt was started in 1902 and on 30 May 20000 rats were caught but the problem of rats did not end.(3) However, the Vietnamese workers were in benefit. They were paid for each tail of the rat. They did not actually kill the rats but just clipped their tails and released them, so that the process could be repeated over and over again.(4) Some people, in fact, began raising rats to earn a bounty. Defeated by the resistance of the work, the French scrapped the bounty programme. Thus the Vietnamese workers collectively deceived the FrenchQ.9. How did the printing press created a new culture of reading in Europe ? Explain with examplesOrHow did Charles Dickens depicted the terrible effects of industrialization on peoples lives and characters? Explain with examples(1) Earlier, reading was restricted to the elites. Common people lived in a world of oral culture. They heard sacred texts read out, ballads recited and folk tales narrated.(2) Knowledge was transferred orally. People collectively heard a story, or saw a performance. They did not read a book individually and silently(3) Before the age of print, books were not only expensive but they could not be produced in sufficient numbers. Now books could reach out to wider sections of people. If earlier there was a hearing public, now a reading public came into being.Or(1) His novel Hard Times (1854) describes Coketown, a fictitious industrial town, as a grim place full of machinery, smoking chimneys, rivers polluted purple and buildings that all looked the same. Here workers are known as 'hands', as if they had no identity other than as operators of machines. Dickens criticized not just the greed for profits but also the ideas that reduced human beings into simple instruments of production.(2) In other novels too, Dickens focused on the terrible conditions of urban life under industrial capitalism. His Oliver twist (1838) is the tale of a poor orphan who lived in a world of petty criminals and beggars. Brought up in a cruel workhouse, Oliver was finally adopted by a wealthy man and lived happily ever after.Q.10. Describe any three main features of 'Alluvial soil' found in India.OrDescribe any three main features of 'Black soil' found in India.Alluvial Soil(1) This is the most widely spread and important soil. In fact, the entire northern plains are made of alluvial soil(2) These have been deposited by three important Himalayan river systems - the Indus, the Ganga and the Brahmaputra. These soils also extend in Rajasthan and Gujarat through a narrow corridor.(3) Alluvial soil is also found in the eastern coastal plains particularly in the deltas or the Mahanadi, the Godavari, the Krishna and the Kaveri Rivers(4) Apart from the sixe of their grains or components, soils are also described on the basis of their age. Accordingly can be classified as old alluvial (Bangar) and new alluvial (Khadar).OrBlack Soil(1) These soils are black in colour and are also known as regur soil. Black soil is ideal for growing cotton and is also known as black soil(2) It is believed that climatic conditions along with the parent rock material are the important factors for the formation of black soil.(3) This type of soil s typical of the Deccan trap region spread over northwest Deccan plateau and is made up of lava flows. They cover the plateaus of Maharashtra, Saurashtra, Malwa, Madhya Pradesh and Chattisgrah and extend in the south east direction along the Godavari and the Krishna valleys(4) The black soils are made up of extremely fine i.e. clayey material. They are well known for their capacity to hold moisture. They develop deep cracks during hot weather, which helps in the proper aeration of the soil.(5) These soils are sticky when wet and difficult to work on unless tilled immediately after the first shower or during the pre-monsoon period.Q.11. "The dams that were considered to control folds have triggered floods." Analyse the statement.(1) The dams that were constructed to control floods have triggered floods due to sedimentation in the reservoir.(2) The big dams have mostly been unsuccessful in controlling floods at the time of excessive rainfall . The release of water from dams during heavy rains aggravated the flood situation in Maharashtra and Gujarat in 2006(3) The floods have not only devastated life and property but also caused extensive soil erosion. Sedimentation also meant that the flood plains were deprived of silt, a natural fertilizer further adding on to the problem of land degradation.(4) The multi purpose projects induced earthquakes, caused water-borne diseases and pests and pollution resulting from excessive use of water.Q.12. Name any two subjects that are included in Concurrent List. How are laws made on these subjects ? ExplainOrHow is sharing of power between the Union and State Governments basic to the structure of the Constitution of India ? ExplainConcurrent list includes subjects of common interest to both the Union Government as well as the State Governments, such as education, forest, trade unions, marriage, adoption and succession.Both the Union as well as the State Governments can make laws on the subjects mentioned in this list. If their laws conflict with each other, the law made by the Union Government will prevail.OrThe Constitution declared India as a Union of State. Although it did not use the word federation, the Indian Union is based on the principles of federalism. The Constitution originally provided for a two-tier system of government, the Union Government representing the Union of India and the State governments. As in any federation, these different tiers enjoy separate jurisdiction. The Constitution clearly provided a three-fold distribution of legislative powers between the Union Government and the State Governments. It contains three lists : Union List, State List, Concurrent list and Residuary Powers.Q.13. "Every social difference does not lead to social divisions." Justify the statementEvery social difference does not lead to social division. Social differences divide similar people from one another, but they also unite very different people. People belonging to different social groups share differences and similarities cutting across the boundaries of their groups. Carlos and Smith were similar in one way (both were African-American) and thus different from Norman who was white. But they were also all similar in other ways - they were all athletes who stood against racial discrimination.Q.14. How can caste take several forms in politics? Explain with examples(1) When parties choose candidates in elections, they keep in mind the caste composition of the electorate and nominate candidates from different castes so as to muster necessary support to win elections. When governments are formed, political parties usually take care that representatives of different castes and tribes find a place in it.(2) Political parties and candidates in elections make appeals to caste sentiment to muster support. Some political parties are known to favour some castes and are seen as their representatives.(3) Universal adult franchise and the principle of one-person-one-vote compelled political leaders to gear up to the task of mobilizing and securing political support. It also brought new consciousness among the people of castes that were hitherto treated as inferior and low.Q.15. "Crude oil reserves are limited all over the world. If people continue to extract it at the present rate, the reserves would last only 35-40 years more." Explain any three ways to solve this problem(1) As transport sector is a major consumer of oil, we need to develop more and more advanced technology so that most of the vehicles can be turned into Solar power driven or Electricity driven vehicle. This will not only reduce dependency on oil, will also reduce pollution(2) Public transport system should be laid in each and every city and maximum people should be awared to use public transport system rather than individual vehicles(3) Use of By-cycles for short distance should be promoted, will reduce dependency on oil, will reduce pollution and will improve the health status of individualsQ.16. Why is it necessary to increase a large number of banks mainly in rural areas ? ExplainOrWhy are service conditions of formal sector loans better than informal sector ? ExplainIt is necessary to increase a large number of banks mainly in rural areas because(1) Compared to the formal lenders, most of the informal lenders charge a much higher rate of interests on loans. Thus the cost to the borrower of informal loans is much higher. Higher cost of borrowings means a larger parts of the earnings of the borrowers is used to repay the loan. Hence borrowers have less income left for themselves. Sometimes higher rate of interests leads borrowers to debt trap(2) In the rural areas most of the rich households are availing cheap credit from the formal sources whereas poor households have to pay a large amount of for borrowing from informal sources. Formal sector meets only half of the need of the people in rural areas, remaining credit needs are met from informal sources.(3) Most loans from informal lenders carry a very high rate of interest and do little to increase the income of the borrowers.OrService conditions of formal sector loans are better than informal sector -(1) The Reserve Bank of India supervises the functioning of formal sources of loans. The RBI monitors that formal sector maintains the minimum cash balance out of the deposit they receive. RBI sees that the banks give loans not just to profit making businesses and traders but also to small cultivators, small scale industries , to small borrowers etc.(2) There is no organization which supervises the credit activities of informal sector. They can lend at whatever interest rate they choose. There is no one to stop them from using unfair means to get their money back.(3) Formal sectors includes banks and cooperatives whose main aim is not profit making but mostly work for the welfare of the economy. On the other hand informal sector's main aim if profit making.Q.17. How can the Government of India play a major role to make globalization more fair? Explain with examplesOrHow has Globalisation affected the life of Indians? Explain with examplesFair Globalisation would create opportunities for all, and also ensure that the benefits of Globalisation are shared better. The Government can play a major role in making this possible(1) Its policies must protect the interests, not only of the rich and the powerful, but all the people in the country(2) The government can ensure that labour laws are properly implemented and workers get their rights(3) It can support small producers to improve their performance till the time they become strong enough to compete(4) If necessary the government can use trade and investement barriers(5) It can negotiate at the WTO for 'fairer rules', can also align with other developing countries with similar interests to fight against the domination of developed countries in the WTOAffect of Globalisation on the life of Indians -Positive effect(1) Globalisation and greater competition among producers - both local and foreign producers - has been advantage to consumers(2) MNC's have increased their investments in India in the last 20 years. Local companies supplying raw material to these industries have prospered(3) Several of the top Indian companies have been able to benefit from the increased competition. They have invested in newer technology and production method and raised their production standards(4) Globalisation has enables some large Indian companies to emerge as multinational themselves(5) Globalisation has also created new opportunities for companies providing services, particularly those involving IT. A host of services such as data entry, accounting, administrative tasks, engineering are now being done cheaply and are exported to developed countriesNegative Impact(1) Small producers - compete or perish : For a large number of small producers and workers globalisation has posed major challenges. Small producers have been hit hard due to competition. Several of the units have shut down rendering many workers jobless(2) Competition and Uncertain Employment : Globalisation and the pressure of competition have substantially changed the lives of workers. Faced with growing competition, most employers these days prefer to employ workers flexibly. This means that workers jobs are no longer secureQ.18. How are consumers enjoying the 'right to be informed' in their daily life? Explain with examples(1) When you buy any commodity you can find certain details about ingredients used, price, batch number, date of manufacturing, expiry date and address of the manufacturer. When we buy medicines, on the packet we find directions for proper use and information related to side effects and risk associated with usage of that medicine.(2) Consumers can then complain and ask for compensation or replacement if the product proves to be defective in any manner. For example if we buy a product and find it defective well within the expiry period, we can ask for a replacement(3) Right to Information Act ensures Indian citizens all the information about the functions of government departmentsQ.19. How had the 'First World War' created economic problems in India? Explain with examples.OrHow had a variety of cultural processes developed a sense of collective belongingness in India during the 19th century ? Explain with examplesFirst Word War created economic and political situation in India -(1) It led to a huge increase in defence expenditure which was financed by war loans and increasing taxes: custom duties were raised and income tax introduced(2) Through the war years prices increased - doubling between 1913 and 1918 - leading to extreme hardship for the common people(3) Villagers were called upon to supply and the forced recruitment in rural areas caused widespread anger(4) In 1918-19 and 1920-21 crops failed in many parts of India, resulting is acute shortages of food.(5) This was accompanied by an influenza epidemic. 12 to 13 million people perished as a result of famines and the epidemicOrA variety of cultural processes developed a sense of collective belongingness in India during the 19th century1. Figure or Image - The image was first created by Bankim Chandra Chattopadhyay. In the 1870s he wrote 'Vande Mataram' as a hymn to the motherland. Later it was included in his novel Anandamath and widely sung during the Swadeshi movement in Bengal. Moved by the Swadeshi movement, Abanindranath Tagore painted his famous image of Bharat Mata2. Movement to revive Indian folklore - In late-nineteenth century India, nationalists began recording folk tales sung by bards and they toured villages to gather folk songs and legends. In Bengal, Rabindranath Tagore himself began collecting ballads, nursery rhymes and myths and led the movement for folk revival. In Madras Natesha Sastri published a massive four volume collection of Tamil folk tales, The Folklore of Southern India3. Icons and Symbols - During Swadeshi movement in Bengal, a tricolor flag (red, green and yellow) was designed. It has eight lotuses representing eight provinces of British India and a crescent moon representing Hindus and Muslims. By 1921, Gandhiji has designed the Swaraj flag. It was again a tricolor (red, green and white) and had a spinning wheel in the centre representing the Gandhian ideal of self-help.4. Reinterpretation of History - Many Indians began looking into the past to discover India's great achievements. They wrote about the glorious developments in ancient times. This glorious times, in their view was followed by a history of decline, when India was colonized. These nationalists urged the readers to take pride in India's great achievements in the past and struggle to change the miserable conditions of life under British ruleQ.20. Describe the role of 'technology' in transformation of the world in the nineteenth centuryOrDescribe the life of workers during the nineteenth century in EnglandOrDescribe various steps taken to clean up London in the nineteenth centuryRole of 'technology' in transformation of the world in the nineteenth centuryColonisation stimulated new investments and improvements in transport: faster railways, lighter wagons and large ships helped move food more cheaply and quickly from faraway farms to final markets. The trade in meat offers a good example of this connected process.Till the 1870s animals were shipped live from America to Europe and then slaughtered when they arrived there. But live animals took up a lot of ship space. Many also died in voyage, fell ill, lost weight or become unfit to eat. Meat was hence and expensive luxury beyond the reach of the European poor. High prices in turn kept demand and production down until the development of a new technology namely, refrigerated ships, which enabled the transport of perishable foods over long distancesNow animals were slaughtered for food at the starting point - in America, Australia or New Zealand - and then transported to Europe as frozen meat. This reduced shipping costs and lowered meat prices in Europe. The poor in Europe could now consume a more varied diet. Better living conditions promoted social peace within the country and support for imperialism abroad.OrThe life of workers during the nineteenth century in England -(1) Miserable living conditions - The abundance of labour in the market affected the lives of workers. Many job seekers has to wait weeks, spending nights under bridges or in night shelters. Some stayed in Night Refuges that were set up by private individuals, others went to the Casual Wards maintained by the Poor Law Authorities(2) Seasonality of Work - Seasonality of work in many industries meant prolonged periods without work. After they busy season was over, the poor were on the streets again(3) Less wages and Unemployment - Wages increased somewhat in the early nineteenth century. The average figures hide the variations between trades and the fluctuations from year to year. When prices rose sharply during the prolonged Napoleonic War, the real value of what the workers earned fell significantly, since the same wages could now buy fewer things. At the best of times till the mid-nineteenth century, about 10 percent of the urban population were extremely poor. In periods of economic slump the proportion of unemployed went up(4) Attack on machines - Fear of unemployment made workers hostile to the introduction of new technology. When the Spinning Jenny was introduced, women who survived on hand spinning began attacking the new machines(5) After the 1840s, building activity intensified in the cities, opening up greater opportunities of employmentOrVarious steps taken to clean up London in the nineteenth century(1) Attempts were made to decongest localities, green the open spaces, reduce pollution and landscape the city(2) Large blocks of apartments were built(3) Rent control was introduced in Britain during the First World War(4) Demands were made for new 'lungs' for the city, and some attempts were made to bridge the difference between city and countryside through ideas as the Green Belt around London(5) Architect and Planner Ebenzer Howard developed the principle of the Garden City. Following Howard's ideas Raymond Unwin and Barry Parker designed the garden city of New Earswick(6) Between the two World Wars the responsibility for housing the working classes was accepted by the British state and a million houses were builtQ.21. Name the two major beverage crops grown in India. Describe their growing areas.The two major beverages crops grown in India are Tea and CoffeeMajor areas of production -Tea - Major tea producing states are Assam, hills of Darjeeling and Jalpaiguri districts, West Bengal, Tamil Nadu and Kerala. Apart from these Himachal Pradesh, Uttarakhand, Meghalaya, Andhra Pradesh and TripuraCoffee - Confined to the Nilgiri in Karnataka, Kerala and Tamil NaduQ.22. How can the industrial pollution of fresh water be reduced. Explain various waysSome suggestions are -(i) minimizing use water for processing by reusing and recycling it in two or more successive stages(ii) harvesting or rainwater to meet water requirements(iii) treating hot water and effluents before releasing them in rivers and pondsTreatment of industrial effluents can be done in three ways(a) Primary treatment by mechanical means. This involves screening, grinding, flocculation and sedimentation(b) Secondary treatment by biological process(c) Tertiary treatment by biological, chemical and physical process. This involves recycling of wastewater.Q.23. "Democracies do not appear to be very successful in reducing economic inequalities." Justify the statementOr"Democracy is a better form of government than any other form of government." Justify the statement"Democracies do not appear to be very successful in reducing economic inequalities."Democracies are based on political equality. All individuals have equal weight in electing representatives. Parallel to the process of bringing individuals into the political arena on an equal footing , we find growing economic inequalities. A small number of ultra rich enjoy a highly disproportionate share of wealth and incomes. Not only that, their share in the total income of the country has been increasing. Those at the bottom of the society have very little to depend upon. Their incomes have been declining. Sometimes they find it difficult to meet their basic needs of life, such as food, clothing, house, education and health. The poor constitute a large proportion of our voters and no party will like to lose their votesOr"Democracy is a better form of government than any other form of government."(1) Promotes equality among citizens(2) Enhances the dignity of the individual(3) Improves the quality of decision making(4) Provides a method to resolve conflicts(5) Allows room to correct mistakesQ.24. What is a political party? Explain any four characteristics of a political party.A political party is a group of people who come together to contest elections and hold power in the government. They agree on some policies and programmes for the society with a view to promote the collective good.Characteristics of a political party(1) Since there can be different views on what is good for all, parties try to persuade people why their policies are better than others.(2) They seek to implement these policies by winning popular support through elections(3) Parties reflect fundamental political divisions in a society. Parties are about apart of the society and thus involve partisanship(4) A party is known by which part it stands for, which policies it supports and whose interests it upholds(5) A political party has three components - the leaders, the active members and the followersQ.25. Compare the economic activities of the private sector with that of the public sector.In the public sector, the government owns most of the assets and provides all the services. Railways or Post office is an example of the public sector. The motive of the public sector is not just to earn profits.In the private sector ownership of assets and delivery of services is in the hands or private individual or companies. Companies like Tata Iron and Steel Company or Reliance Industries Limited are privately owned. Activities in the private sector are guided by the motive to earn profitThere are several things needed by society which the private sector will not provide at reasonable cost, these are provided by the public sector. For e.g. construction of bridges, railways, harbours, generating electricity, providing irrigations through dams etc.There are some activities which public sector has to support. The private sector may not continue their production or business unless government encourages it.There are a large number of activities which are the primary responsibility of the government. The government must spend on these