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Question: Which personality types are most characteristic of which personality, mental, and neuro– developmental disorders?Which MBTI personality types are most characteristic of the diagnostic profiles of ASD, ASPD, NPD, etc.?While I knew that MBTI had been scientifically validated, I was not aware that researchers had been utilizing it as extensively as I found in the literature correlating personality disorders with MBTI testing.I have included a short description of each disorder—if you want to go directly to the answer you can scroll down below that part.Many people are as of yet unaware of the validity of the MBTI.Natalie Engelbrecht's answer to Is the MBTI valid?Also Martin’s answer does an excellent job of explaining why the current confusion exists.Martin Silvertant's answer to Why do people post incorrect knowledge about MBTI on Quora, as well as discuss opinions without utilizing academic research to support their answers?First for your reference an approximately 30 word of the major mental disorders for context. These have been kindly defined by fellow Quoran’s that I A2A’ed, and are worth reading in an of themselves.Anxiety Disorder: A tendency towards fear in the absence of physical danger.Attention Deficit Disorder: A condition characterized by people becoming easily distracted and finding it very difficult to stay focused on the specific task at hand.Bipolar Disorder: A tendency towards extreme emotional swings characterized by changes in mood, interests, and energy that ranges from manic highs to depressive lows.Borderline Personality Disorder: Involves a turning outward towards others in the search for love, nurturing, and help with adult responsibilities.Dependent Personality Disorder: A personality style characterized by a childlike dependence on other adults, a sense of inadequacy, clinging and submissive behavior, and a refusal to make one’s own life decisions.Histrionic Personality Disorder: A personality style characterized by lively, flirtatious, seductive behavior, dramatic emotionality, and the continual attempt to be the center of attention—even when it is obviously inappropriate to the situation.Major Depression: Persistent depressed mood, loss of interest and pleasure in everyday activities, inability to effectively function, often accompanied by feelings of hopelessness, guilt, unworthiness, and anxietyNarcissistic Personality Disorder: Low emotional empathy coupled with unstable self-esteem leads people to over rely on external status markers, other people’s opinions, and compensatory grandiosity and devaluation to regulate their self esteem.Obsessive Compulsive Disorder: Attempting to quiet one’s anxiety through counting and/or the use of ritualized activities.Obsessive-Compulsive Personality Disorder: A personality style characterized by a pervasive, rigid preoccupation with neatness, cleanliness, and order, and adherence to rules that severely limits the individual’s capacity for spontaneity.Paranoid Personality Disorder: A personality style characterized by pervasive longstanding mistrust of other people across almost all situations that may have a genetic component.Post-trauamatic Stress Disorder: The emotional reliving of past trauma as if it were still happening now.Schizoid Personality Disorder: A non-psychotic personality adaptation to an abusive and/or neglectful childhood environment that caused the person to turn inward, become self-reliant, fear intimate contact, and mistrust other people.Schizoaffective Disorder: A brain disorder that includes both Schizophrenic symptoms and a mood disorderSchizophrenia: A brain disorder with a genetic component that causes psychotic episodes characterized by cognitive distortions, delusions, and hallucinations.Schizotypal Personality Disorder involves a combination of social awkwardness, delusional or magical thinking, eccentric behavior, and farfetched and paranoid explanations of other people’s behavior or intentions that borders on the psychotic.All disorder descriptions listed above are with deep thanks to Elinor Greenberg. Links to answers below.Elinor Greenberg's answer to Can you define schizophrenia, schizoid, and schizoaffective as comprehensively as possible in 30 or less words (each)?Elinor Greenberg's answer to How can you define major depression, anxiety, and bipolar as comprehensively as possible in 30 or fewer words (each)?Elinor Greenberg's answer to Can you define NPD as comprehensively as possible in 30 or less words?Elinor Greenberg's answer to How can one define OCD and PTSD as comprehensively as possible in 30 or fewer words (each)?Elinor Greenberg's answer to Can you define BPD and schizoid as comprehensively as possible in 30 or less words (each)?Elinor Greenberg's answer to Can you define schizotypal personality disorder as comprehensively as possible in 30 or less words?Elinor Greenberg's answer to Can you define paranoid personality disorder and dependent personality disorder as comprehensively as possible in 30 or less words?Elinor Greenberg's answer to Can you define histrionic personality disorder as comprehensively as possible in 30 or less words?Elinor Greenberg's answer to Can you define ADD and Obsessive-compulsive personality disorder (not OCD) as comprehensively as possible in 30 or less words?Anti Social Personality Disorder: Personality disorder characterized by a lack of empathy, impulsiveness, criminal versatility, disregard for societal norms and laws, and a weak social conscience.Sociopathy: A condition that is theoretically caused by the environment (abuse, etc) with a genetic basis. These individuals have blunted emotions (empathy, remorse, anxiety, fear) due to weakened neural pathways.Psychopathy: A congenital condition that results in a variant brain structure identifiable with a FMRI. These individuals are devoid of fear, anxiety, empathy, remorse, and love. Unlike a sociopath who only lacks these emotions.Alex Michael's answer to Can you define ASPD, sociopathy, and psychopathy comprehensively in 30 or less words (each)?Autism Spectrum Disorder: A neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by deficits in social functioning, hyper- and hyposensitivity to stimuli, and repetitive behaviors and obsessive interests, often combined with advanced cognitive abilities.Martin Silvertant's answer to Can you define Asperger’s/high-functioning autism and classical autism as comprehensively as possible in 30 or less words?Sadistic Personality Disorder: a disorder characterized by cruel, aggressive, manipulative, and demeaning behaviour directed towards others. Abusiveness and violence are common, because the sadist lacks concern for people and derives pleasure from harming or humiliating others.[1] Note: this is no longer a condition in the DSM from version IV onwards.And now to address the question. Please note this evidence is based on where it can be and my opinion where research lacks, though I have generally tried to avoid that as much as possible. There is currently a dearth of evidence based on research with regards to the MBTIs of different mental disorders.Furthermore, some of the research studies appeared to contradict each other.Quick Reference List of Conditions and their likely Myers-Briggs typeAnti Social Personality Disorder (ASPD)—INTJ, INTP, INFJ, INFP, ENTJ, ENTP, ENFJ, ENFP, ISFJ, ISFP, ESFP, ESFJAnxiety Disorder (GAD)—INFJ, ENFJAsperger’s /High-functioning ASD(ASD)—INTJ, INFJ, INTPAttention Deficit Disorder (ADD)—ENFP, INFP, INTPAvoidant Personality Disorder (APD)—INTJ, INFJ, INTP, INFP, ISTJ, ISFJ, ISTP, ISFPBipolar Disorder (BD)—INFJ, ENFJBorderline Personality Disorder (BPD)—INTJ, INTP, INFJ, INFP, ISTP, ISFP, ENTJ, ENTP, ENFJ, ENFP, ESFP, ESTPDependent Personality Disorder (DPD)—INTJ, INFJ, INTP, INFP, ISTJ, ISFJ, ISTP, ISFPDrug Abuse (DA)—INTPHistrionic Personality Disorder (HPD)—INTJ, INTP, ISTJ, ISTP, ENTJ, ENTP, ESTJ, ESTPHoarding (Hd)—INTPMajor Depression (MDD)—INTJ, INFJ, INTP, INFP, ISTJ, ISFJ, ISTP, ISFP, ENTJ, ENTP, ESTJ, ESTPNarcissistic Personality Disorder (NPD)—INTJ, INTP, INFJ, INFP, ENTJ, ENTP, ENFJ, ENFPObsessive Compulsive Disorder (OCD)— INFJ, INFP, INTJ, INTP, ISTJ, ISTP, ISFJ, ENTJ, ENFJ, ENFP, ENTP, ESTJ, ESTP, ESFPObsessive-compulsive personality disorder (OCPD) — INTJ, INFJ, INTP, INFP, ISTJ, ISFJ, ISTP, ISFP, ENTJ, ENFJ, ESTJ, ESFJParanoid Personality Disorder (PPD) —INTJ, INFJ, INTP, INFP, ISTJ, ISFJ, ISTP, ISFP, ENTJ, ENTP, ESTJ, ESTPPassive-aggressive Personality Disorder (PaPD)—INTJ, INFJ, INTP, INFP, ISTJ, ISFJ, ISTP, ISFP, ENTJ, ENTP, ENFJ, ENFP, ESTP, ESFPPost-trauamatic Stress Disorder (PTSD)—INFJ, INTJ, INTPPsychopathy (PP)—INTJSadism (Sd) —INTJ, INTP, ISTJ, ISTP, ISTP, ISFP, ENTJ, ENTP, ENFP, ESTJ, ESTP, ESFPSchizoid Personality Disorder (SPD)—INTJ, INFJ, INTP, INFP, ISTJ, ISFJ, ISTP, ISFP, ENTJ, ENTP, ESTJ, ESTPSchizoaffective Disorder (SaD)—INFJSchizophrenia (Sc)—ISFJ, ISFP, and ISTJSchizotypal Personality Disorder (SPD)—INTJ, INFJ, INTP, INFP, ISTJ, ISFJ, ISTP, ISFP, ENTJ, ENTP, ENFJ, ENFP, ESTJ, ESTP, ESFPSelf-defeating Personality Disorder—INTJ, INFJ, INTP, INFP, ISTJ, ISFJ, ISTP, ISFP, ENTJ, ENTP, ENFJ, ENFPSociopathy (SP)—INFJMBTI and correlated Mental DisordersPathological poles for MBTI were most likely to be correlated to the preferences I—N—T—P. In other words any of those letters is more highly correlated with personality disorders.Image source: http://www.uccs.edu/Documents/dsegal/An-empirical-investigation-Jungs-types-and-PD-features-JPT-2.pdf9 of 14 personalty disorders were correlated with Introversion, 1 with Extroversion and the other 4 with neither.Personality disorders associated with Introversion: Avoidant, Dependent, Depressive, OCD, Paranoid, Passive-aggressive, Self-defeating, Schizoid, Schizotypal.Personality disorders associated with Extroversion: Histrionic.7 of 14 personalty disorders were correlated with iNtuition, 1 with Sensing and the other 6 with neither.Personality disorders associated with iNtuition: ASPD, BPD, NPD, OCD, Passive-aggressive PD, Sadism, Self-defeating PD, Schizotypal PD.Personality disorders associated with Sensing: OCD7 of 14 personalty disorders were correlated with Thinking, 1 with Feeling and the other 6 with neither.Personality disorders associated with Thinking: Depressive PD, Histrionic PD, OCD, Paranoid PD, Sadism, Schizoid, SchizotypalPersonality disorders associated with Feeling: ASPD5 of 14 personalty disorders were correlated with Perceiving, 1 with Judging and the other 8 with neither.Personality disorders associated with Perceiving: ASPD, BPD, Passive-aggressive, Sadism, SchizotypalPersonality disorders associated with Judging: OCD[2]PTSD:ISTPs and INTPs were more likely than expected to receive a diagnosis of combat-related PTSD.INFJs and ENFPs were both less likely to receive a combat-related PTSD diagnosis.Anxiety disorder:INFPs were more likely to earn this label than would be expected on the basis of random sampling, as had been found previously.ENTPs and ESFJs were less likely to attain this distinction.Bipolar disorder:ENFJs were more likely to earn this label.ISTJs were less likely to attain this distinction.Major depression:None of the types were significantly different though INTJs approached an acceptable significance level.Antisocial Personality Disorder:ISTPs and INTPs were more likely than chance to be called “antisocial.” ENTPs joined this group from the ranks of the extraverts.ISTJs, ISFJs, and ISFPs were all less likely than expected on the basis of chance to be termed “antisocial.”Avoidant Personality Style:ISTJs, ISTPs, and INTPs were all more likely than chance to be deemed “avoidant”ENFPs, ENTPs, ESTJs, and ESFJs were not likely to receive that diagnosis.Obsessive Compulsive Disorder:ISTJs and INTJs were more likely than expected on the basis of random samplingINFPs and INTPs were less likely than expected.[3]https://www.capt.org/jpt/pdfFiles/Otis_G_and_Louks_J_Vol_57_5_17.pdfDepression & SchizophreniaThere is a prevalence of ISFJ, ISFP, and ISTJ types in the overall patient sample and also in the depression and schizophrenia sub-sample groups, and these types are more highly represented among patients than among normals.BipolarExtroverts are more highly represented among the bipolar manic patients than among other patients. There is also a prevalence of intuitive-feeling and intuitive-thinking patients in this sub-group as compared to other patients. There are two to three times as many intuitives as in the normal population.Substance abuseCompared to the overall patient population, substance abuse patients are more characterized by extroversion. [4]THE DETAILSThe IdealistsINFJs—GAD, MDD, SP, PTSD, BD, HFA–femaleAre highly-sensitive people—tend to have a particular struggle with anxiety, stress, and depression. Least likely to be psychopathic (cold–blooded(T)), but can be sociopathic (hot–headed (F), value–driven (NF)).Mostly likely to be high–functioning ASD female (intense world syndrome) as they feel too much both emotionally and sensory.INFJs were one of the more stressed out types; curiously, they were the only NF type that had particularly high stress. A study comparing type and stress found that INFJs were among the most stressed out type in the categories "Work," "Intimate Relationship," "School," and "Other." They were also the second most stressed out type for the category "Balancing home and work."INFJs were not among the four least-stressed-out types for any of the nine possible categories.Their favored methods of coping with stress were, "Talk to professional," "Rely on religious beliefs," and "Develop physical symptoms."[5]Hitler was INFJ—he was almost certainly an introverted (I), intuitive (N), he was also a judging type- as evident by his future orientated, and judging personality, finally thinking and feeling has to be analyzed–and an extremely challenging choice in the case of Adolf Hitler, and it is highly debated amongst professionals. Many believe Hitler is a thinking type, as he does not show any emotions towards others and is a thick skin leader. However, more signs indicate that Hitler’s attitude was due to his core inner value system.[6]Imagine being in a crowded subway car in New York City. The lights are bright, there are people packed all around you, one couple is arguing, a homeless woman walks back and forth in a state of distress, there’s a constant flurry of chatter and incoming and outgoing crowds. As an INFJ, you try to gather every bit of sensory information and process it through intuition, asking “What does this all mean? Why is he doing that? What is the key that connects all this together?”. On top of that, you are absorbing the feelings of the people within the subway car. You can feel the stress of the homeless woman, the anger in the couple’s interaction, and the busy urgency of people rushing to and from various locations. You suddenly feel hyper-aroused, stressed, unable to think clearly, and you are overstimulated and flooded with incoming emotions from the ever-changing group of people. You are being triggered and pushed by the bright light, the noise, the commotion. You start to feel disembodied from yourself because you have absorbed so many emotions from other people in the room, your intuition is asking too many questions and senses– “bright lights! look at that! look at that! listen to that!” and before you know it you’re completely over-stimulated and you lose touch with your physical self. To get a grip on reality, you may try to eat something, drink something, “feel” anything to snap you out of this overwhelmed place you’ve gotten yourself into. After you get out of the subway you binge at a fast-food restaurant, or you pinch yourself really hard, you have to feel something strong enough to get you back to reality – to a sense of your physical self. After you do this, you feel shame and remorse for your moment of weakness. You wonder why you can’t just “fit in” to the normal, fast-paced world you’ve come to live in. You berate yourself for being so sensitive and for not being “strong enough”.[7]ENFJs—GAD, OCD, MDD, BDSo in tune with other people’s emotions, and absorb them so readily that they can often have a hard time managing their own unique emotions. They can have a particular struggle with anxiety, depression, and less commonly, Obsessive Compulsive Disorder. They become obsessed with irrelevant data and repetitive tasks to the point where they become trapped and alone, falling further into darker thoughts and moods.[8]ENFJs are one of the less stressed out types. A study compared type and stress to see which personalities were stressed out about what. The only area of stress for which ENFJs were among the top four most stressed out types was "Balancing home and work." They were among the four least stressed out types for the areas of "Work," "Intimate relationship," and "Other." Among the Idealists, they were the type most likely to cope with stress by confronting it--placing them in the unlikely company of the ENTP, ENTJ, and ESTJ as one of the top four types to cope with stress through confrontation. They were also one of the four types most likely to cope with stress by "Get upset or angry and show it." (The INFJ and INFP were the two types least likely to use this coping mechanism.) ENFJs were also among the top four types who preferred to cope with stress by "Rely on religious beliefs," and "Develop physical symptoms."However, the top coping mechanism chosen by ENFJs was "Exercise." They used this coping strategy significantly more than other types, and they were the only Idealist type in the top four types for this category, the rest being Rationals.[9]INFP—GAD, ADD, MDDHave a hard time concentrating on a subject they find dull, rote, or lacking any personal application to their values. One of the traits attributed to ADD/ADHD is poor planning, impulsivity, and inability to pay attention.INFPs are such a minority (roughly 1-4% of the population) I think they often grow up feeling isolated and misunderstood. Because they live in a world that is largely catered to their opposites, INFPs spend their childhood feeling as if something is just “not right” about them.[10]It turned out that INFPs experienced high stress in connection with "Work" but low stress in connection with "Health." This puts them in the middle range as far as total stress is concerned. Interestingly, INFPs as a group reported the second lowest occurrence of heart disease and hypertension.[11]ENFP—ADD, BPDBecause they are such natural explorers of ideas and theories, they sometimes have a hard time maintaining focus on more routine, everyday matters. This can sometimes cause problems for them in school or in the workplace, where many times they are faced with projects they see as dull, rote, and mundane. They have such energy and enthusiasm that they feel stifled in such an environment. For this reason, it seems that many of them are labeled as having ADD.A lot of the symptoms of BPD include intense emotions, shifting goals and vocational aspirations, and paranoia (a turbulent ENFP may be overusing their Ne in a negative way, and see endless negative possibilities), I can see where ENFPs may sometimes be more vulnerable to BPD. ENFPs have really strong emotions; they have a deep set of personal values that they will not cross. They want to be true to those values no matter what, and if those values are violated they can become intensely distraught or angry. When ENFPs feel things, they feel them deeply and strongly.[12]ENFPs are one of the less stressed out types. A study compared type and stress to see which personalities were stressed out about what. For three categories of stress ("Children," "School," and "Other") ENFPs were among the bottom four types, indicating that they were some of the least stressed out people. In fact, for the category "Other" ENFPs reported being the least stressed out of all types. ENFPs have some of the lowest rates of heart disease and hypertension.For one category of stress ("Finances") ENFPs were the third most stressed out type. Apparently this area is the ENFP's achilles' heel.ENFPs cope with stress mainly by developing physical symptoms; they were the type most likely to do this. They also cope with stress by seeking out the help of a professional. (Most professionals are NFs, and not surprisingly most NFs rate "Talk to professional" very highly.)[13]The RationalsINTJ—PTSD, ASPD, SPD, PP, ASD, MDD, OCPD“A recent study of 158 male veterans showed that IT types were more likely to have a diagnosis of antisocial and avoidant personality disorders.” They also said that IT types “were more likely to suffer from PTSD.”Mostly likely to be high–functioning ASD male as they are rational and highly sensory.[14]Myers et al. (1998) found that INTJs regard school as a low stress activity. They were also among the four least stressed types about "balancing home and work," "caring for aging parents," "health," and "children." If this were all, then INTJs would qualify as one of the least stressed-out types. Unfortunately, although they were unstressed about many things, they were also among the top four types for being stressed about "work," "finances," and "intimate relationships."Keirsey (1998) has noted that the Rationals become impatient with everything and when under stress.INTJs in particular are (much) more likely than any other type to suffer from major depression (Otis & Louks, 1997).How do INTJs respond to stress? Myers et al. (1998) found that INTJs were the type second most likely to seek professional help and the type fourth most likely to "try to think of options." They were also the type fourth most likely to use exercise as a coping method, and the least likely to use TV. INTJs were the third least likely type to get angry and show it. They were similarly ranked third lowest for relying upon religious beliefs.[15]ENTJ—MDDSignificantly more depressed by being in situations where they were over-worked and under appreciated, or not challenged or able to succeed on their own terms. They also tend to be perfectionistic and that could also be one of the reasons they can struggle with depression – not having their ideas perfected.[16]ENTJs have some of the lowest stress of all types; in fact, only the ENTPs and ESTPs had less. A study of type and stress found that ENTJs were consistently among the four least stressed types in regards to "Work," "Finances," "Intimate relationship," "School," and "Health." They were never among the top four most-stressed types for any category.ENTJs coped with their stress by using the methods "Try to think of options" (Rationals love this coping method, but ENTJs liked it most of all), "Confront the problem," and "Exercise." They did not tend to use the coping methods "Try to avoid stressful situations," "Rely on religious beliefs," "Get upset or angry but don't show it" (they were the type least likely of all to use this one), and "Get upset or angry and show it" (again, they were the type least likely of all to use this one).[17]INTP—ADD, PTSD, ASPD, SPD, MDD, Hd, ASDI.Q. tests measure abstract reasoning skill (Intuition), the ability to solve problems alone and silently within your head (Introversion), the ability to think objectively about non-people oriented problems (Thinking), and flexibility in solving never-before-seen problems (Perceiving). There is no fresh news here; all of this is predicted by type theory.And indeed, the more of those preferences you have, the higher your score on an I.Q. test is likely to be. Introverts tend to do better than Extraverts. Intuitives tend to do better than Sensors. Thinkers are slightly preferred over Feelers. Perceivers have an advantage over Judgers. These are average trends, of course, but they all add up to a clear ranking based on personality characteristics.For this reason, INTPs are predicted to do the best of all types on I.Q. tests.Three I.Q. studies have placed INTPs between 2nd and 6th place out of 16 types (McCaulley & Kainz, 1976; McCaulley & Natter, 1974; Myers in Myers & McCaulley, 1985). This is close to what we would expect based on our hypothesis above--a nearly top-ranked score. The amount of variability is normal.[18]In one sample of 110 children diagnosed with ADHD, ESFPs were the most preferred type, but INFPs, ISFJs, ISFPs, and ESFJs were also overrepresented.[19]Image Source:INTPs and ADD | Oddly Developed TypesMost misunderstood geniuses of the world – from Albert Einstein to Marie Curie, INTPs are innovators of progress and deep intellectual thought.Asperger's Syndrome symptoms read like a checklist for how to identify an INTP.Lack of social skills? - Oh yeah.Lack of empathy? - Depends on how hard the T in INTP is.Flat, formal, advanced speech? - YesObsessed with learning about certain interest areas - AbsolutelyTalk a lot about their favourite subject - If you can find someone who will listen...Above average sensitivity to tastes, noises, lights, etc – Has been found to describe all introverts: a drop of lemon juice placed on the tongue will cause an introvert to salivate more than an extravert. (1)Measurable associations with math and science - No question about it[20]Drug Abuse: Due to their love of learning, INTPs are the type most likely to smoke (O'Toole, 1999) and are among the types most likely to do drugs (Provost, 1985). Realizing instinctively that warning labels may be biased, INTPs must subject them to rigorous, objective experimentation in order to ensure accuracy. Many INTPs have sacrificed their vital organs in the name of Science.[21]Myers et al. (1998) found that INTPs have a moderately high stress level compared to other types. The things which caused the INTP sample high stress included school, children, intimate relationships, and "other." They were in the low stress category for "caring for aging parents."[22]ENTP—SdPD, NPDIncredibly inventive, intellectual and creative. They are usually full of ingenious ideas that they want to share with the world. They love nothing more than a challenging debate or an energetic intellectual discussion.Myers et al. (1998) found that ENTPs and ESTPs tied for having the lowest stress of all types. ENTPs were among the four most unstressed types for "Children," "Intimate relationship," "Health," "Care for aging parents," "Balancing home and work," and "Other." ENTPs did not even appear among the four types that were most stressed for any topic. Also, ENTPs were the type least likely to have heart disease or hypertension.Since this type typically is so unworried, the researchers suggested that if an ENTP is stressed, it should be taken more seriously than for other types.Myers et al. (1998) also described how ENTPs tend to respond to stress. One key finding was that ENTPs are the type most likely to confront their problem and also the type least likely to avoid stressful situations. They were also the third most likely type to use the coping strategies "try to think of options" and "exercise."ENTPs were the type second least likely to talk to a professional, rely on religious beliefs, or develop physical symptoms. In addition, they were the type third least likely to use sleep as a coping mechanism.[23]ENTPs are the type that can most accurately detect lies.A study found that ENTPs have the second lowest GPA of all types.ENTPs are one of the types least likely to smoke.[24]The GuardiansISTJ—PTSD, ASPD, PPD, MDD, NPD70% of a study on PTSD Vietnam war veterans showed that they had either an ISTP, ISTJ or INTP profiles.[25]There was a significantly higher prevalence of introverts among 50 inpatients in the Trauma Program.[26]Introversion or decreased extroversion occurs in depressed patients. Research using the MBTI demonstrated a correlation between Introversion and MDD.[27]ESTJ—PaPD, HPD, Sa, MDDESTJs are one of the low stress types. They were not among the top four most stressed out types for any area of stress, and they were in the least stressed out group for the areas "School" and "Finances."What stress ESTJs do have is dealt with using the coping method of confronting the problem head on. ESTJs do not tend to use the coping methods "Try to avoid stressful situations," "Talk to professional," "Get upset or angry but don't show it," "Get upset and angry and show it," "Develop physical symptoms," and "Sleep." (They were actually the type least likely to use sleep.)[28]ISFJ—DPD, MDDSFJs tend to have higher stress than most. A study found that they were among the top four most stressed out types for the areas of "Children," "School," "Health," "Care for aging parents," and "Balancing home and work." ISFJs are also among the four types most likely to develop heart disease or hypertension.How do ISFJs cope with their stress? They were among the top four types for using the methods "Try to avoid stressful situations," "Rely on religious beliefs," Get upset or angry but don't show it," "Sleep," and "Watch television." They were one of the types least likely to cope with stress through "Exercise" or "Confront the problem."One study measured type and burnout among workers as a major hospital. It turned out that ISFJs had the second highest burnout level when it came to the areas of "Emotional Exhaustion" and "Depersonalization." (Depersonalization is when a worker becomes calloused and uncaring about those they serve, i.e. patients or customers.)[29]ESFJ—MDD, masochismESFJs have a moderate amount of stress compared to other types. They were in the high stress group (top 4 most stressed types) for the areas "Health," "Care for aging parents," and "Balancing home and work." They were in the low stress category for "work." ESFJs tend to be somewhat more likely than average to develop heart disease or hypertension.ESFJs were the type most likely to cope with their stress using the methods "Talk to someone close" and "Rely on religious beliefs." They also used the method "Try to avoid stressful situations."[30]The ArtisiansISTPESTPISFPESFPOne more important piece of information: All NFs (MBTI type) are like all NFs (MBTI same type) are not like any NFs (MBTI same type). And so it goes for all the types. And all people with a disorder are like all other people with that disorder are unlike any other person with the same disorder. Just because you are a certain MBTI type does NOT mean you are going to have one of these mental struggles.Also thanks User-9970079502236659258 for aiding me with finding research based articles.IIFootnotes[1] Myers-Briggs® and Mental Illness - The NT Types - Psychology Junkie[2] http://www.uccs.edu/Documents/dsegal/An-empirical-investigation-Jungs-types-and-PD-features-JPT-2.pdf[3] https://www.capt.org/jpt/pdfFiles/Otis_G_and_Louks_J_Vol_57_5_17.pdf (https://www.capt.org/jpt/pdfFiles/Otis_G_and_Louks_J_Vol_57_5_17.pdf)[4] http://orthomolecular.org/library/jom/1983/pdf/1983-v12n01-p019.pdf[5] INFJ Stress | Oddly Developed Types[6] Which MBTI type was Adolf Hitler?[7] Personality Type and Mental Illness - Part 1 - The Idealists - Psychology Junkie[8] Personality Type and Mental Illness - Part 1 - The Idealists - Psychology Junkie[9] ENFJ Teacher | Oddly Developed Types[10] Personality Type and Mental Illness - Part 1 - The Idealists - Psychology Junkie[11] INFP Stress | Oddly Developed Types[12] Personality Type and Mental Illness - Part 1 - The Idealists - Psychology Junkie[13] ENFP Champion | Oddly Developed Types[14] Myers-Briggs® and Mental Illness - The NT Types - Psychology Junkie[15] INTJ Stress | Oddly Developed Types[16] Myers-Briggs® and Mental Illness - The NT Types - Psychology Junkie[17] ENTJ Fieldmarshal[18] INTP I.Q. | Oddly Developed Types[19] INTPs and ADD | Oddly Developed Types[20] INTPs and Asperger's Syndrome[21] INTP Smoking & Drug Use[22] http://Myers et al. (1998) found that INTPs have a moderately high stress level compared to other types. The things which caused the INTP sample high stress included school, children, intimate relationships, and "other." They were in the low stress category for "caring for aging parents."[23] ENTP Inventor | Oddly Developed Types[24] ENTP Inventor | Oddly Developed Types[25] https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Gerald_Otis/publication/272170745_Application_of_Psychological_Type_in_PTSD_Treatment/links/54dd60350cf282895a3bad69/Application-of-Psychological-Type-in-PTSD-Treatment.pdf[26] Extraversion in an Inpatient Trauma Program Population[27] Introversion and extroversion: Implications for depression and suicidality[28] ESTJ Supervisor | Oddly Developed Types[29] ISFJ Protector | Oddly Developed Types[30] ESFJ Provider | Oddly Developed Types

This is a good explanation:Enmeshment is a description of a relationship between two or more people in which personal boundaries are permeable and unclear. This often happens on an emotional level in which two people “feel” each others emotions, or when one person becomes emotionally escalated and the other family member does as well. A good example of this is when a teenage daughter gets anxious and depressed and her mom, in turn, gets anxious and depressed. When they are enmeshed the mom is not able to separate her emotional experience from that of her daughter even though they both may state that they have clear personal boundaries with each other. Enmeshment between a parent and child will often result in over involvement in each others lives so that it makes it hard for the child to become developmentally independent and responsible for her choices.Enmeshment is different than two people being very close. Close relationships are a wonderful part of life and often allow for appropriate independence within the relationship. Enmeshment, however, becomes a problem because the individuals involved start to lose their own emotional identity. They lack a certain level of autonomy that they need in order to grow emotionally and relationally. In a parent-child relationship this creates a dynamic in which teenagers who need to develop appropriate autonomy become developmentally stymied. They are either too afraid to venture into increased autonomy and become dependent on their parents, or they become reactive to the enmeshment and run too far in the other direction, sometimes making poor choices in their effort to be independent(From: Enmeshed Parents and Teens - Sunrise Residential Treatment Center )I also like the explanation at this website:Do You Practice Enmeshed Parenting? | World of PsychologyThey say:Enmeshed parenting describes a style of parenting that can cause problems in your child’s successful development of their own personality, ethics, and values. There are a number of signs and symptoms to look out for to determine if you may be an enmeshed parent:Your children’s good or difficult behavior, and successful or unsuccessful achievements, define your worth.Your children are the center of your life — your sole purpose in life.Your entire focus is on taking care of your children, rather than also taking care of yourself.Your happiness or pain is determined solely by your children.You are invasive — you need to know everything about what your children think and do.If you identify with one or more of these symptoms, you might be enmeshed with your children.As a parent, it is important to have a sense of passion and purpose in your life, separate from your children. And, it is essential that you learn to define your own sense of worth, rather than making your children’s behavior responsible for this. It is too big a burden for children to be the center of your life.What Enmeshed Parenting Means to Your Children:Unfortunately, being an enmeshed parent means that your children may grow up learning things from your behavior and focus that you never intended. This can include:They may grow up feeling responsible for others’ feelings while ignoring responsibility for their own. They might feel selfish if they take care of themselves and could become compliant and disconnected from themselves.They may use you as their role model — making others responsible for their feelings, rather than being self-responsible.They may feel invaded and controlled by you and as a result, withdraw, resist, or act out in anger. As adults, they may have a hard time taking responsibility for themselves.They will likely have problems in their adult relationships, both work and personal — being a taker, a caretaker, withdrawn, angry and/or resistant.They might feel lost and empty inside as a result of not learning how to take responsibility for their own feelings.Enmeshed parenting places too big a pressure on them to act right, perform right, and/or look right, in order for you feel that you are okay. Defining your worth through your children makes them feel trapped in being what you want them to be, rather than being themselves.One of the dynamics that I recognize immediately is that of the Parentified Child. Enmeshment isalmost always part of that dynamic. A good definition is:parentify \ parentification \ vb: A distortion of the parent/children relationship, where the child is made responsible for caretaking of parents or primary caregivers. Can be: 1) instrumental – child completes concrete functions to support of family (i.e., grocery shopping, paying bills); or 2) expressive – child attempts to fill family’s socio-emotional needs (i.e., protecting family members, serving as confidant, companion, or matelike figure, mediating conflicts, providing support, nurturance, comfort). (From: Psychology Career Motivation: Were You a Parentified Child? - The Michigan School of Professional Psychology (MiSPP)When a child takes on an adultlike caretaker role of the family, that child and the mother are nearly always enmeshed in a way that has led the child to either take on that role or be assigned that role. Through being parentified, the child then becomes enmeshed with other family members by virtue of taking care of them while the child is too young to set realistic boundaries.The causes of enmeshment can vary. Sometimes there is an event or series of occurrences in a family's history that necessitates a parent becoming protective in their child's life, such as an illness, trauma, or significant social problems in elementary school. At this time the parent steps in to intervene. While this intervention may have been appropriate at the time, some parents get stuck using that same approach in new settings and become overly involved in the day to day interactions of their children. (From: Enmeshment: Dysfunctional Relational Pattern)This is how parents of children with disabilities and chronic health issues become enmeshed with their children. It becomes a challenge as the child gets old enough to transition into managing their own disability or health issues, as well as a partner with their support community involved in education, therapy, vocational training, etc.In the reverse, illness of a parent, whether chronic or acute, physical (cancer, MS, heart attack) or psychological (depression), can necessitate the child stepping in to intervene. It can certainly happen with adult children caring for aging parents, but also happens with children whose childhood gets preempted by parental illness or trauma.(Also from Enmeshment: Dysfunctional Relational Pattern): Other times, and perhaps more frequently, enmeshment occurs as a result of family patterns being passed down through the generations. It is a result of family and personal boundaries becoming more and more permeable, undifferentiated, and fluid. This may be because previous generations were loose in their personal boundaries and so it was learned by the next generation to do the same. Or it may be a conscious decision to stay away from family patterns of a previous generation that felt overly rigid in its personal boundaries.This is certainly a family dynamic where chemical dependency is multigenerational.There is a checklist designed as a self-discovery tool that can be found at: http://www.odessawellness.com/wp-content/uploads/2008/03/parentenmeshmentchecklist.pdf

The others on here have given the basic answer of: One tends to be a singular catastrophic event and the other a reoccurring traumatic dynamic the person cannot escape. Nan even gave her painful true-life examples as to how she personally acquired it.The chronic set-up is there are some categories such as kids being physically abused by the monster parent who won't let them escape. It can go to both mental and sexual abuse also.We see it with some of the countries where children are made to work in factories with ruthless tyrants. kids watching one parent abuse another can do it. Certainly prostitution brothels for women or children create it. The wars used to be of shorter duration. They now go on for years with soldiers choosing to go back in that environment repeatedly where it both draws and repels them. Prison can do it as well as the ones set up at war-time for captured soldiers.The shifts for us clinically come from the diagnostic codes they require us to use. A few years ago they revamped it from version four to version five. PTSD was one of the Dx’s that was shifted.One of the larger issues for PTSD was recoding it not as an event in and of itself. People who had a single event are expected to come to grips with it after some grieving and recoup time. Resiliency is the word being used now. Normally people get over stuff with time. Most people have a level of resiliency they developed as a kid growing up through the drama of childhood.Where it linked to some issue unresolved from childhood, that then now allows for the PTSD diagnoses. Once they connected emotionally, people tended not to get over it. The gate keepers felt therapy was able to be justified when bleak seemed to be the basic outcome because they were repeating the futility from the earlier trauma.Now with a chronic trauma repeated and the person unable to get away from it, people often report additional problems as well as the formal PTSD symptoms. It can impact on both their personal self-concept and the way they adapt to new stressful events from them on. It can deplete any resiliency they did have. Right now we sometimes use Disorders of Extreme Stress Not Otherwise Specified (DESNOS). All this is generally, though not necessarily, limited to insurance requirements more than treatment.92% of individuals with Complex PTSD/DESNOS also met diagnostic criteria for PTSD so Complex PTSD was not added as a separate diagnosis classification. They also eliminated the criterion A2, “. . . response involved intense fear, helplessness, or horror,” because “Emotional reactions to the traumatic event (eg, fear, helplessness, horror) are no longer a part of criterion A as they see it.Rather than the anxiety- or fear-based symptoms normally expected, they see the most prominent clinical characteristics as anhedonic and/or dysphoric symptoms. People display angry, aggressive symptoms, and sometimes just dissociate.” When things don't work and can't be controlled, people just pop off to la-la land.What the gatekeeps preferred were the symptoms of depression and aggression identified in “reactive attachment disorder” (RAD), another of the stress disorders. So basically the DSM-5 has elements of the identified symptoms of complex PTSD but does not really addressed them clinically.When chronic abuse happens in childhood, especially sexual abuse and because there is time for the mind to try and cope with what is happening to the body, we also see splitting or dissociative identity disorder (DID) which can occur. The old concept was multiple personalities. It's where the kids consciousness learns to go hide on some other place than the reality that is happening to them. Depending on the intensity, number of times, other resources able to develop and the genetic predispositions, those will determine the severity of the disorder.For us in the field, we see elements of the disorders which arise from trauma and each clinician uses their skill and resources to recover the individual. Because this particular one tends to be a deep seated disease requiring long term treatment for recovery, many times the real root causes just aren't cleaned up. Symptoms are dealt with just enough to get the individual to the next crises.In addition, I see some clinicians using methods which were taught in their particular schools of philosophy which are very behaviouristicly and logically based. They believe if the person goes through the motions of getting well, eventually they will get well. Where there is something to animalistic Pavlovian behaviorism, I find emotional based humans who were traumatized, very resistant to this kind of format. Many are ruined for future help. Because after all, “I went to a therapist and it didn't help.”Another favorite making the rounds again is the 1950’s style of confessing the event repeatedly. They're required to go over it again and again until the patient “burns it out and they have no emotional attachment. This is effective but requires the person to relive the horror 100 times until they get calloused about it. It also happens to be the Scientology “clear” method for flatlining childhood trauma.The treatment dejour is Cognative-behavioral which is marketed as “the best” right now. I'm finding most of the clinicians touting this don't seem to understand the complexity of how it is supposed to work. For them it's a mechanical checklist rather than the messy ooey-gooey emotional uncertainty these victims struggle with. Again it turns into that simplified “think yourself well.” It's Glassers work dressed up with Skinnerian overtones. Treating people from the outside in, rather than the inside out. Even AA knows it's a short lived cure.There are a number of known process which seem to produce long term results which allow for the individual to recapture their own soul and purpose in life. They have to reformat the trauma and access their own resiliency again. It's as much a spiritual issue as a habitual one. Going to a group is almost always called for to find you aren't alone, there are people who’ve made it through, and… there are people wanting to help. Learning who and when to trust is no easy thing when it feels like God himself has betrayed you.So the difference again is how the “stress” impacted on you along with the duration and frequency. Kids who were able to do something about it are fairly different than the ones who completely succumbed to the misery. That tends to color the way they see the world now as adults and what their own place is in at as well as how they see other humans place in it too.