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Except in egregious cases of misconduct, companies generally give months of warning that a person's performance is subpar and may lead to termination. This usually culminates in a formal, written Performance Improvement Plan. A PIP states explicitly what an employee needs to do to avoid termination, that termination may result if those things aren't done, and how long the employee has to do those things, with an explicit date that is usually 30–60 days in the future. At the companies I've worked at, the employee is asked to sign the PIP. So they not only get several weeks of notice, they sign a document stating that they are aware of the exact date on which they will be fired.Companies also often offer a poor performer the option to quit voluntarily in exchange for a specific amount of guaranteed severance. A voluntary resignation agreement avoids a drawn out firing process that's unpleasant for everyone, it helps the company reduce the risk of lawsuits and physical violence, and it gives the person being fired a bunch of money that can hopefully get them through the ensuing period of unemployment.

As the other answers have shown, generally we only train shooters to aim for the largest available target area. Mostly, this is the chest.The reason for this is that aiming in the chest is far easier to hit, is a dense collection of vital organs (which serves to guarantee target removal), and that all other areas don't do well at ensuring that a person will actually be stopped if you hit them.Take the head shot. It is actually fairly common to see people who survive being shot in the head if the bullet doesn't hit direct on in an area called “the T-box”. Many people have survived only being hit on the skull, or just suffering brain damage. that said, there are a lot of people who, surprisingly, keep fighting even after a major head wound. I’ve gone over this in much more detail here: Jon Davis's answer to What could kill us so quickly that we wouldn't even notice?This common military target demonstrates the area Marines are trained to aim for, when the are trained to shoot the head.I’ve also never trained anyone to shoot in the stomach either, so I don't know why the box is there, FYI.That said, the one time we are trained to shoot in the head is during something called a Mozambique Drill. The Mozambique is a technique with the aim of guaranteeing that an aggressive target is neutralized with as much assurance as possible. Like always, a shooter aims for the chest, firing two quick rounds, then one to the face, in that area we called the T-box.So even then, we still shoot to the chest twice as much under ideal conditions to shoot someone in the face.

Repeatedly checking for a value being null rather than reasoning / guaranteeing a value won’t be null.So instead of guaranteeing a value won’t be null, you end up writing hacky workaround code that makes no assumption about a value being null or not, and then keeps checking for it - thus making code hard to reason about, having a lot more branches and generally confusing code.Yes you need to handle null objects. But you should first ask what you can do to ensure an object is never null, ideally at key strategic points in the code so you don’t keep checking for it.