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The term Paramilitary is controversial and has been through many definitions. CAPFs were earlier referred to as Paramilitary Forces but the term was undefined and vaguely used. The duties they perform are very tough and out of capabilities for a police setup. More over their Organisation, Command and Ethos are more like Army and very distant from police. The current scenario is that the forces headed by Military Officers are the paramilitaries while those headed by Police Officers are Central Armed Police Forces.Paramilitaries - Assam Rifles , Special Frontier Force.CAPFs have combined strength of around 10 Lakhs which is near to the 13 Lakhs reported strength of Army. Just like Army CAPFs have their own Cadre of Officers which are recruited through UPSC. But the top most post of DG is currently reserved solely for IPS officer.Reporting - CAPFs report to Home Ministry and Army reports to Defense Ministry.Career - In CAPFs Jawans and Officers both retire between 57 - 60 years of age. In Army Jawans start retire between 37 - 50 years and Officers retire at different ages depending on rank from 54 years - 60 years.CAPF Cadre Officers - Asst. Commandant AC - Dy. Commandant DC - Second in Command 2IC - Commandant CO - DIG - IG - Addl. DG - Director General.CAPF Non Gaztted Personnel- Constable - Head constable - Asst Sub Inspector - Sub Inspector - Inspector.Army Officers - Lieutenant - Captain - Major - Lt. Colonel - Colonel - Brigadier - Major General - Lt. General - General.Army Non Gaztted Personnel- Sepoy - Naik - Havaldar - Naib Subedar - Subedar - Subedar MajorSalary - They are well paid and have comparable salary scales for Similar placed Ranks with minor variations, these scales change with successive pay commissions. Currently acc 6th pay commission, in salary scale terms DC = Major, Commandant = Col , DIG = Brigadier , Ins Gen = Maj Gen. Other officer ranks have variations.Pension - CAPFs are under New Pension Scheme they have to contribute money every month for earning pension and Army is under Pension they dont have to contribute anything. This is because in Army retirement age is earlier. CAPFs are demanding for old pension as the enemy bullet doesn't discriminate between CAPF or Army personnel. Meanwhile the Army is demanding One Rank One Pension stating the lower retirement Age.Above points are the major similarities and differences in Army and CAPFs.At the same time I would say that It is utterly demeaning to compare the Supreme Sacrifices made by Personnel and Officers of all these forces whether CAPFs or Army, in line of duty. Whether the Martyr was wearing A Khaki or Olive Green, enemy bullet has no bias towards any of them and is equally fatal to both, but the fact is he was the reason we are secure in our homes. Courage, determination, Valor, Sacrifice don't depend on the color of the Uniform and rightly so the Jawans and Officers of both CAPFs and Army have been decorated with Gallantry Medals for the service they did to the country. In fact for a layman Indian, all the CAPFs are also ARMY and quite frequently the media also uses the term Army when BSF engages with Pakistan at border and CRPF flushes out terrorists in J&K, such is the similarity in their enemies (terrorists / insurgents / Pakistan), combat dresses and action theaters. We as a nation should stand by these forces irrespective of their color of uniform and mess created in nomenclature.Following are the attributes of CAPFs, that you asked for.CAPFs Central Armed Police Forces are around 7 (when we consider NSG, RPF), but following 5 forces are mainly referred to as CAPFs :BSF Border Security Force ( Creek Crocodile is specialized commando unit under BSF which operates in Rann of Katchh.) Size - BSF is approximately 3 Lakhs strong force. Organisation Structure - It operates in Battalion Formations headed by a Commandant which are similar to army in command and control aspects. BSF has evolved over the years and is now having its own Air, Water and Artillery Wing. Objective - It is tasked with securing the borders of India along Pakistan and Bangladesh. It stands guard day and night along the borders with these two countries while the nation makes progress. BSF engages with Pakistan in cross border firing almost on daily basis and hence its troops have made Supreme Sacrifice for the country in large numbers. BSF also operates along with Army on LOC at many locations and has active roles during both the wars fought after its inception in 1966. In War of 1971, BSF played a very major role in organisation of Mukti Bahini , capturing East Pakistan territory & fighting along side army at Western Pakistan Front and during Kargil War BSF did not lose even an inch of Indian Territory under its control. Apart from these duties which it was earlier mandated to do , certain new duties have been given such Election Security (Flag Marches , Booth Security) / Naxalite Area Domination / UN Missions abroad.CISF Central Industrial Security Force. ( QRT Quick Response Team is its formation to deal with terrorist attacks). Size - CISF is approximately 1.5 lakh strong force. Organisation Structure - It operates in Units depending on number of personnel needed at particular installation. Reserve Battalion formations are also there. Objective - It is an elite force tasked with securing and maintaining law and order in relation to the premier and vital installations in India which are always on the radar of terrorists operating such as Nuclear / Atomic / Mineral Mines / Oil Rigs / Power PSUs / Airports / Ports / Sensitive Govt Buildings such as Money Mints , UPSC etc./ Heritage Monuments of great importance - Red Fort and Taj Mahal etc. The most hazardous operations of CISf are in Mines in Naxalite Areas and Oil Rigs and Power Plants in North East. many CISF personnel have been lost in line of duty since its inception while securing these installations against terrorists and Naxals. It is the force which provides security to installations necessary for economic, scientific and cultural advancement of the country. Apart from these duties which it was earlier mandated to do , certain new duties have been given such Election Security (Flag Marches , Booth Security) / Naxalite Area Domination / VIP Security / Securing Indian Embassy Nepal / UN Missions abroad.CRPF Central Reserve Police Force. ( CRPF also has among its formation : RAF Rapid Action Force - deals with Riots and Anarchy / CoBRA - Commando Battalion for Resolute Action - deals with Naxalite threat ). Size - CRPF is approximately 4 lakh strong force. It is the biggest among the CAPFs. Organisation Structure - It operates in Battalion Formations headed by a Commandant which are similar to army in command and control aspects. 4-5 battalions are placed under a single Group Canter GC for administrative and logistic purposes. Objective - CRPF is the lead counter insurgency force in the country. It has its presence in each and every area which has signs of hostility towards the democratic processes. CRPF has among its duties many difficult tasks requiring utter courage and determination. CRPF fights the terrorists in Jammu and Kashmir along with Rashtriya Rifles (Part of Army) and also contains the insurgents in North East along with Assam Rifles (Paramilitary Force). But it s the Naxal Area which has been a very big sore for CRPF due to the very fact that it is only agency which is fighting the insurgency there since beginning, larger area size and forest terrain which requires different set of skills. So CRPF formed a specialized elite unit called CoBRA to deal with the Naxal problem. CRPF has presence all over the country and its rapid Action Formations are rushed in as soon as the control of civil administration goes out of sorts in law and order situations such as Riots . CRPF is the force which has lost most number of jawans in Line of Duty among all the forces in various theaters of conflict in country. Apart from these duties other duties have been given such Election Security (Flag Marches , Booth Security) / VIP Security / Ram Janma Bhoomi Security / Parliament Security / UN Missions abroad.ITBP Indo Tibetan Border Police. Size - ITBP is approximately 80 Thousand strong force. Organisation Structure - It operates in Battalion Formations headed by a Commandant which are similar to army in command and control aspects. Objective - It is tasked with securing the borders of India along China. It stands guard along the treacherous, frigid, inclement and hostile mountain terrain borders with China. ITBP is also a force which excels in mountaineering and related activities. Many ITBP officers and jawans have scaled highest peaks around the world. ITBP is also mandated to aid the Army during the war situation on that front with China. ITBP loses most of its men to the very cold climate and hazardous terrain of the Himalayan region. Most of the the time ITBP border outposts are cutoff from battalions due to bad weather and operate in sub zero temperature. It is the toughest force with bravest men in the country considering that they operate in such an area throughout their service. Apart from these duties which it was earlier mandated to do , certain new duties have been given such Naxalite Area Domination in Maharashtra region/ VIP Security / Securing Indian Embassy Kabul / UN Missions abroad.SSB Sashastra Seema Bal. Size - SSB is approximately 80 Thousand strong force. Organisation Structure - It operates in Battalion Formations headed by a Commandant which are similar to army in command and control aspects. Objective - It is tasked with securing the borders of India along Nepal. It regulates the porous border along Nepal. It deals with more cases of Human Trafficking , Animal Trafficking , Illegal Trade and Cross border smuggling than other forces due to porous nature of the border where people cross over without visas. It also campaigns to promote inclusiveness among the border population. Recently SSB has also been deployed to Naxalite Area.

Oh, this is a doozy!One of my buddies worked as a crystal grower for a photovoltaic industry company that manufactured silicon photovoltaic panels, which are used for converting sunlight to electricity. The company was a recently-created fledgling subdivision of one of the largest petroleum companies in the world.Crystal growing is both an art and a skill, and my buddy had what it took to sit there for 12 hours straight watching the single small silicon seed crystal slowly grow to form a long, large diameter ingot of the correct diameter of about 5 inches (13 cm) from a pool of white-hot molten silicon, as he skillfully withdrew it by remote control from the pool of molten material, constantly adjusting the slow rate of withdrawal of the ingot from the slowly rotating crucible of molten silicon while the ingot slowly rotated in the opposite direction. Viewing was through a special dark glass window into the white hot electric furnace interior. The art and skill involved watching the ingot to maintain its diameter, as well as watching in case it became “polycrystalline”. For a photovoltaic cell to work, each cell must be one giant crystal, so multiple-crystal ingots are worthless for making photovoltaic cells, and difficult to recognize when more crystals began to form. My buddy had the knack for recognizing when this happened, and when it did, he halted operations so no time was wasted in shutting down the process and starting over from a tiny seed crystal suspended from a long slender tungsten metal rod.Each silicon growing machine setup was in a clean booth that had its own filtered air conditioned environment with a toilet, hand washing facilities, and a place to eat because the crystal grower could not leave the operation unattended for more than a few minutes in case something went wrong.One morning my buddy showed up for work, and his building access card didn’t work in the door lock. He called security on the phone and was escorted inside and was told his employment was terminated for sexual harassment of two young women employees. He was allowed a hearing in front of the human resources director for the company, so he took it and made an appointment. The case against him was “leering and making sexually suggestive comments” on such-and-such days at such-and-such-times with signed statements from witnesses. My buddy had no evidence to refute any of this other than denying he did it, so he put his tail between his legs, cleared out his locker, and went home, totally puzzled, plus had a black mark on his employment record that would make it difficult to ever get a good job again.But my buddy’s landlord was by no means puzzled, and took matters into his own hands to help out by calling his land shark lawyer, who took cases like this on a contingency basis, since a rat was smelled, actually two big mean female rats. This was in about 1985 when both workplace sexual harassment cases were at an all-time high and contingency lawyers were raking in billions all across the United States.So, Mr. Land Shark, Esquire, interviewed the former crystal grower to get basic information, and filed law suits against the company and the parent oil company for wrongful termination, and got court orders to identify who the people were who made the complaints against my buddy, and who the witnesses were, and what the evidence was. Other court orders were issued for all employee schedules, work hours, time clock records, surveillance records, and security log books of who came and went.To make a long story happy, my buddy and other low-level employees did not know that the crystal growing booths had video cameras in them with time stamps on the recordings. On the dates and times of day given on the complaints of sexual harassment against my buddy, and “verified” by witnesses, he was on videotape his entire 12 hour shifts, never leaving the booth.My buddy’s elderly mom and dad suddenly sold their house and moved out of the area, and my buddy fixed up his 1961 Ford F150 pickup truck like new and got a new Honda Quadra-Trac off road vehicle. I found out later that his mom and dad were living on a far away 40-acre ranch way out in the boondocks where land cost a lot and the weather was nice, and the two women did jail time. So, the land shark must have negotiated quite a deal. My buddy of course turned down going back to work where he was wrongfully terminated from, but to his credit, he went and found another job simply because he enjoys working.

the West Bengal election may be the most critical turning point of Modi's second term. Narendra Modi and Amit Shah have made Bengal a matter of prestige.The saffron party won 18 of the 42 Lok Sabha seats in Bengal which is not bad. The BJP recorded a staggering 40.5 per cent vote share in the general elections.WHY IS MAMTA WINNING?Mamata Banerjee is Muslim she is known as massaman khatoon.illegal voting list and severe booth capturing.the killing of people has been reported especially Hindus who voted in favour of BJP.66% population increased, a 30 % rise in crime by Muslims illegal infiltrated from Bangladesh and other countries.Mamta giving them illegal citizenship and consolidating all Muslims in West Bengal. WB indeed, a second UP.that's why she is scared of BJP especially Modi-shah as they are implementing NRC in the state.now, it is a matter of concern for Mamta on how to secure Muslims and her vote bank.Hindus need to get an order from courts to celebrate their own festivals but that's not the same for other community.WHY SAME AS UP?its demographics and sense of invincibility but Modi-shah won with the huge majority in UP.It was in early 2017 that the BJP’s clean sweep in Uttar Pradesh that silenced all the doubting Thomases.YOGI-MODI-SHAH had to work exhaustively, for instance, When Modi becomes prime minister for the first time in 2014, the state he needed to crack the most was Uttar Pradesh. He himself decided to contest from the second seat in Varanasi and made Amit Shah in-charge of the state.West Bengal elections, to be very honest and specific, will be contested on the basis of community because the effort put in by Mamta only on for Muslims and not Hindus. for example,Hindus contribute 75% to the state economy and only 15 % gets the benefit. They are treated as 3rd-grade citizens.85% of tax benefits go to Muslims which consist of only 38% of the total population.unregulated pensions and funds from official state exchequer going to Muslims.the Hindi belt just waiting for elections and if BJP wins it you will see BJP again in 2024 in the national election as all borders states will be covered by BJP.DO YOU KNOW WHY THERES WAS CAA PROTEST?the protests actually manufactured by the team (AAP, CPI, Congress, liberals, urban Naxals) because the population of the different community would be regulated especially Muslims.the team ( (AAP, CPI, Congress, liberals, urban Naxals) ) has an only a single origin of vote bank and that's one community. therefore, if at some point CAA-NRC-NPR is executed. the team will be destroyed totally from every single state.same goes with Mamata's West Bengal but Mamata's government started issuing parallel identity cards to counter the NRC.CAN BJP WIN WB?The 2022 Uttar Pradesh assembly election, similarly, is no challenge for the BJP.BJP is likely to retain Bihar under the leadership of ally JD(U)’s Nitish Kumar in November 2020.WB, the only playground left. BJP has been preparing best for it since very long and there is foundation going on. WB election can be the game-changer for BJP and for whole India.winning WB is not difficult for BJP as the best level policies given to citizens from the centre but problem originates when Mamata not distributing it equally and appeasing only one community.the vote share was 40% in Lok Sabha elections( (up from 17 percent in 2014). BJP projected 24 seats for general elections and won 18 out of it which wasn't bad. therefore efforts are needed in west Bengal to emerge as a new power.CHALLENGES FOR BJPTMC is known for playing ruthless politics as they focus more on murdering BJP workers and more wrong appears when no inquiry takes place.booth capturing and her own administration has often found in malicious activities of states elections whether it is the local level.the consolidation of each community seems impossible but the consolidation of Hindus is a must for west Bengal as Mamta herself composed coming elections as community-based.illegal infiltration from Bangladesh and the active process of granting them citizenship including the name on the electoral list by Mamta administration.MY OPINIONWB is a need for all of us because when seeing it in large form the Bangladeshis enter and spread into whole India which proved disastrous for us. therefore BJP must make an effort to catch it else it will be too late.