Coordination Of Benefits: Fill & Download for Free

Hello!I know this one for you…Unsurprisingly, Trump’s way off, again! Republicans have concocted a message of their own that they repeat endlessly: Do-nothing congressional Democrats have failed to work across the aisle or to generate any useful legislation since Trump arrived at 1600 Pennsylvania Avenue.This flat-out fabrication is no surprise coming from the man of 15,000 lies and his evil, Republican toadies. And, as disinformation specialists know so well, repeat a lie often enough and a certain portion of the populace will believe it’s true. You can fool some of the people all of the time, and that obviously can be enough to achieve whatever scheme you have in mind. Saying Democrats have not done anything can act like an ad jingle, permanently engraving BS on the brain of fooled people.But as always, I’ll provide you the facts and figures. Below is a linked list of bills the House had passed as of Dec. 5, 283 of which Democrats call “bipartisan.” To get that label, a bill only requires a single vote from across the aisle, and a few of these bills only received one. But some received overwhelming Republican support in the House. This makes no difference to McConnell.Of the 383 bills that have been passed by the House, 82% are still bottled up in the Senate. This list does not include House resolutions. If you click here, you can see bills and resolutions that have passed the House and the Senate and become law, bills that have passed the House and the Senate and are awaiting action by the White House, and bills that have passed the House and are awaiting action in the Senate.LIST OF BILLS PASSED BY THE HOUSE AND AWAITING ACTION IN THE SENATESource: Search Bills in CongressExamples of Bipartisan House Bills Stalled in the Senate Include:H.R.5, Equality ActH.R.6, The American Dream and Promise ActH.R.7, Paycheck Fairness ActH.R.8, Bipartisan Background Checks ActH.R.9, Climate Action Now ActH.R.987, Protecting People With Pre-Existing Conditions/Lowering Drug CostsH.R.582, Raise The Wage ActH.R.397, Rehabilitation For Multiemployer Pensions Act (The Butch Lewis Act)H.R.1585, Violence Against Women Reauthorization ActH.R.1644, Save The Internet ActH.R 2722, Securing America’s Federal Elections (SAFE) ActH.R.2513, The Corporate Transparency ActH.R.1112, Enhanced Background ChecksH.R.1994, Secure Act/Gold Star Family Tax Relief ActH.R.205, 1146, 1941 – Banning Offshore Drilling on Atlantic, Pacific, Eastern Gulf & ANWR CoastsH.R.1423, Forced Arbitration Injustice Repeal (FAIR) ActMore than 30 bills to support veteransOther Examples of Bills Stalled in the Senate that Democrats Support:H.R.1, For The People ActH.R.4617, Stopping Harmful Interference in Elections for a Lasting Democracy (SHIELD) ActH.R.1500, Consumers First ActThe first 283 are “bipartisan.” The final 32 were supported by Democrats only.H.R. 648: Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2019 (10 Republican Votes)H.R. 21: Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2019 (7 Republican Votes)H.R. 2440: Full Utilization of the Harbor Maintenance Trust Fund Act (79 Republican votes)H.R. 693: U.S. Senator Joseph D. Tydings Memorial Prevent All Soring Tactics Act of 2019 (100 Republican Votes)H.R. 1654: Federal Register Modernization Act (195 Republican Votes)H.R. 116: Investing in Main Street Act of 2019 (180 Republican votes)H.R. 2114: Enhancing State Energy Security Planning and Emergency Preparedness Act of 2019 (Republican cosponsor, voice vote)H.R. 987: Strengthening Health Care and Lowering Prescription Drug Costs Act (5 Republican votes)H.R. 2083: Homeland Procurement Reform Act (Republican cosponsor, voice vote)H.R. 1759: BRIDGE for Workers Act (167 Republican Votes)H.R. 266: Department of the Interior, Environment, and Related Agencies Appropriations Act, 2019 (10 Republican votes)H.R. 267: Transportation, Housing and Urban Development, and Related Agencies Appropriations Act, 2019 (12 Republican votes)H.R. 265: Agriculture, Rural Development, Food and Drug Administration, and Related Agencies Appropriations Act, 2019 (10 Republican votes)H.R. 264: Financial Services and General Government Appropriations Act, 2019 (8 Republican Votes)H.R. 2528: STEM Opportunities Act of 2019 (4 Republican Cosponsors, voice voted)H.R. 4477: Reducing High Risk to Veterans and Veterans Services Act (Republican Cosponsor, voice voted)H.R. 539: Innovators to Entrepreneurs Act of 2019 (171 Republican votes)H.R. 583: Preventing Illegal Radio Abuse Through Enforcement Act (5 Republican Cosponsors, voice voted)H.R. 728: Title VIII Nursing Workforce Reauthorization Act of 2019 (21 Republican cosponsors, voice voted)H.R. 1781: Payment Commission Data Act of 2019 (6 Republican cosponsors, voice voted)H.R. 226: Clarity on Small Business Participation in Category Management Act of 2019 (183 Republican votes)H.R. 823: Colorado Outdoor Recreation and Economy Act (5 R Votes)H.R. 2578: National Flood Insurance Program Extension Act of 2019 (R Cosponsor, voice vote)H.R. 3153: EFFORT Act (9 R Cosponsors, voice vote)H.R. 2486: FUTURE Act (8 R cosponsors, voice voted)H.R. 986: Protecting Americans with Preexisting Conditions Act of 2019 (4 R votes)H.R. 2781: Educating Medical Professionals and Optimizing Workforce Efficiency and Readiness for Health Act of 2019 (4 R cosponsors, voice voted)H.R. 647: Palliative Care and Hospice Education and Training Act (101 R Cosponsors, voice voted)H.R. 1837: United States-Israel Cooperation Enhancement and Regional Security Act (149 R cosponsors, voice voted)H.R. 1582: Electronic Message Preservation Act (R Cosponsor, voice voted)H.R. 1503: Orange Book Transparency Act of 2019 (191 R votes)H.R. 1520: Purple Book Continuity Act of 2019 (192 R votes)H.R. 550: Merchant Mariners of World War II Congressional Gold Medal Act of 2019 (101 R cosponsors, voice voted)H.R. 3624: Outsourcing Accountability Act of 2019 (2 R votes)H.R. 3352: Department of State Authorization Act of 2019 (R cosponsor, voice voted)H.R. 1912: DHS Acquisition Documentation Integrity Act of 2019 (R cosponsor, voice vote)H.R. 424: Department of Homeland Security Clearance Management and Administration Act (R cosponsor, voice vote)H.R. 3702: Reforming Disaster Recovery Act of 2019 (71 R votes)H.R. 397: Rehabilitation for Multiemployer Pensions Act of 2019 (29 R votes)H.R. 3207: To designate the facility of the United States Postal Service located at 114 Mill Street in Hookstown, Pennsylvania, as the “Staff Sergeant Dylan Elchin Post Office Building”. (9 R cosponsors, voice vote)H.R. 3152: To designate the facility of the United States Postal Service located at 456 North Meridian Street in Indianapolis, Indiana, as the “Richard G. Lugar Post Office”. (7 R cosponsors, voice vote)H.R. 806: Portable Fuel Container Safety Act of 2019 (10 R cosponsors, Voice Voted)H.R. 3619: Appraisal Fee Transparency Act of 2019 (2 R cosponsors, Voice Voted)H.R. 2035: Lifespan Respite Care Reauthorization Act of 2019 (4 R cosponsors, Voice Voted)H.R. 3375: Stopping Bad Robocalls Act (195 R Votes)H.R. 1365: To make technical corrections to the Guam World War II Loyalty Recognition Act. (2 R cosponsors, Voice Voted)H.R. 2359: Whole Veteran Act (1 R cosponsor, Voice Voted)H.R. 1404: Vladimir Putin Transparency Act (2 R cosponsors, Voice Voted)H.R. 1271: Vet HP Act (2 R cosponsors, Voice Voted)H.R. 246: Stimulating Innovation through Procurement Act of 2019 (1 R cosponsor, Voice Voted)H.R. 227: Incentivizing Fairness in Subcontracting Act (1 R cosponsor, Voice Voted )H.R. 3460: End Neglected Tropical Diseases Act (1 R cosponsor, Voice Voted)H.R. 1446: Multinational Species Conservation Funds Semipostal Stamp Reauthorization Act of 2019 (14 R cosponsors, Voice Voted)H.R. 2115: Public Disclosure of Drug Discounts and Real-Time Beneficiary Drug Cost Act (184 R Votes)H.R. 1618: Nicholas and Zachary Burt Carbon Monoxide Poisoning Prevention Act of 2019 (3 R cosponsors, Voice Voted)H.R. 1420: Energy Efficient Government Technology Act (164 R Votes)H.R. 1768: Diesel Emissions Reduction Act of 2019 (76 R Votes)H.R. 526: Cambodia Democracy Act of 2019 (6 R cosponsors, Voice Voted)H.R. 2507: Newborn Screening Saves Lives Reauthorization Act of 2019 (16 R cosponsors, Voice Voted)H.R. 1359: Digital GAP Act (1 R cosponsor, Voice Voted)H.R. 375: To amend the Act of June 18, 1934, to reaffirm the authority of the Secretary of the Interior to take land into trust for Indian Tribes, and for other purposes. (101 R Votes)H.R. 2409: Expanding Access to Capital for Rural Job Creators Act (185 R Votes)H.R. 1328: ACCESS BROADBAND Act (11 R cosponsor, Voice Voted)H.R. 1585: Violence Against Women Reauthorization Act of 2019 (33 R Votes)H.R. 762: Streamlining Energy Efficiency for Schools Act (1 R cosponsor, Voice Voted)H.R. 501: Poison Center Network Enhancement Act of 2019 (3 R cosponsors, Voice Voted)H.R. 502: FIND Trafficking Act (2 R cosponsors, Voice Voted)H.R. 1952: Intercountry Adoption Information Act of 2019 (182 R Votes)H.R. 1616: European Energy Security and Diversification Act of 2019 (167 R Votes)H.R. 525: Strengthening the Health Care Fraud Prevention Task Force Act of 2019 (1 R cosponsor, Voice Voted)H.R. 4803: Citizenship for Children of Military Members and Civil Servants Act (6 R cosponsor, Voice Voted)H.R. 4018: To provide that the amount of time that an elderly offender must serve before being eligible for placement in home detention is to be reduced by the amount of good time credits earned by the prisoner, and for other purposes. (5 R cosponsor, Voice Voted)H.R. 4634: Terrorism Risk Insurance Program Reauthorization Act of 2019 (167 R Votes)H.R. 1773: Rosie the Riveter Congressional Gold Medal Act of 2019 (64 R cosponsors, Voice Voted)H.R. 3734: Successful Entrepreneurship for Reservists and Veterans Act (193 R Votes)H.R. 4842: Expositions Provide Opportunities Act of 2019 (6 R cosponsors, Voice Voted)H.R. 4695: Protect Against Conflict by Turkey Act (176 R Votes)H.R. 3942: Preventing Online Sales of E-Cigarettes to Children Act (16 R cosponsors, Voice Voted)H.R. 2426: Copyright Alternative in Small-Claims Enforcement Act of 2019 (185 R Votes)H.R. 95: Homeless Veteran Families Act (192 R Votes)H.R. 3190: Burma Unified through Rigorous Military Accountability Act of 2019 (170 R Votes)H.R. 3589: Greg LeMond Congressional Gold Medal Act (75 R cosponsors, Voice Voted)H.R. 1984: DISASTER Act (6 R cosponsors, Voice Voted)H.R. 3409: Coast Guard Authorization Act of 2019 (3 R cosponsors, Voice Voted)H.R. 1665: Building Blocks of STEM Act (3 R cosponsor, Voice Voted)H.R. 34: Energy and Water Research Integration Act of 2019 (2 R cosponsors, Voice Voted)H.R. 736: Access to Congressionally Mandated Reports Act (9 R cosponsors, Voice Voted)H.R. 2331: SBA Cyber Awareness Act (4 R cosponsors, Voice Voted)H.R. 2615: United States-Northern Triangle Enhanced Engagement Act (14 R cosponsors, Voice Voted)H.R. 1044: Fairness for High-Skilled Immigrants Act of 2019 (140 R Votes)H.R. 951: United States-Mexico Tourism Improvement Act of 2019 (2 R cosponsors, Voice Voted)H.R. 1994: Setting Every Community Up for Retirement Enhancement Act of 2019 (187 R Votes)H.R. 2326: Navy SEAL Chief Petty Officer William “Bill” Mulder (Ret.) Transition Improvement Act of 2019 (6 R cosponsors, Voice Voted)H.R. 2116: Global Fragility Act (6 R cosponsors, Voice Voted)H.R. 2480: Stronger Child Abuse Prevention and Treatment Act (19 R cosponsors, Voice Voted)H.R. 624: Promoting Transparent Standards for Corporate Insiders Act (189 R Votes)H.R. 31: Caesar Syria Civilian Protection Act of 2019 (21 R cosponsors, Voice Voted)H.R. 115: Protecting Diplomats from Surveillance Through Consumer Devices Act (2 R cosponsors, Voice Voted)H.R. 133: United States-Mexico Economic Partnership Act (1 R cosponsor, Voice Voted)H.R. 2181: Chaco Cultural Heritage Area Protection Act of 2019 (17 R Votes)H.R. 4344: Investor Protection and Capital Markets Fairness Act (93 R Votes)H.R. 4360: VA Overpayment Accountability Act (1 R cosponsor, Voice Voted)H.R. 4771: VA Tele-Hearing Modernization Act (1 R cosponsor, Voice Voted)H.R. 4356: Protecting Families of Fallen Servicemembers Act (1 R cosponsor, Voice Voted)H.R. 3526: Counter Terrorist Network Act (1 R cosponsor, Voice Voted)H.R. 3691: TRANSLATE Act (1 R cosponsor, Voice Voted)H.R. 2852: Homebuyer Assistance Act of 2019 (192 R Votes)H.R. 542: Supporting Research and Development for First Responders Act (179 R Votes)H.R. 1892: Quadrennial Homeland Security Review Technical Corrections Act of 2019 (186 R Votes)H.R. 1414: FinCEN Improvement Act of 2019 (1 R cosponsors, Voice Voted)H.R. 995: Settlement Agreement Information Database Act of 2019 (195 R Votes)H.R. 1063: Presidential Library Donation Reform Act of 2019 (2 R cosponsors, Voice Voted)H.R. 449: Pathways to Improving Homeland Security at the Local Level Act (183 R Votes)H.R. 1617: KREMLIN Act (2 R cosponsors, Voice Voted)H.R. 1381: Burn Pit Registry Enhancement Act (187 R Votes)H.R. 1309: Workplace Violence Prevention for Health Care and Social Service Workers Act (32 R Votes)H.R. 1632: Southeast Asia Strategy Act (5 R cosponsors, Voice Voted)H.R. 835: Rodchenkov Anti-Doping Act of 2019 (7 R cosponsors, Voice Voted)H.R. 7: Paycheck Fairness Act (7 R Votes)H.R. 758: Cooperate with Law Enforcement Agencies and Watch Act of 2019 (186 R Votes)H.R. 1830: National Purple Heart Hall of Honor Commemorative Coin Act (88 R cosponsors, Voice Voted)H.R. 36: Combating Sexual Harassment in Science Act of 2019 (7 R cosponsors, Voice Voted)H.R. 277: ASCEND Act of 2019 (7 R cosponsors, Voice Voted)H.R. 4162: GI Bill Planning Act of 2019 (187 R Votes)H.R. 3246: Traveling Parents Screening Consistency Act of 2019 (2 R cosponsors, Voice Voted)H.R. 2229: First Responders Passport Act of 2019 (7 R cosponsors, Voice Voted)H.R. 748: Middle Class Health Benefits Tax Repeal Act of 2019 (189 R Votes)H.R. 1649: Small Business Development Center Cyber Training Act of 2019 (2 R cosponsors, Voice Voted)H.R. 1876: Senior Security Act of 2019 (172 R Votes)H.R. 450: Preventing Crimes Against Veterans Act of 2019 (191 R Votes)H.R. 221: Special Envoy to Monitor and Combat Anti-Semitism Act (185 R Votes)H.R. 2385: To permit the Secretary of Veterans Affairs to establish a grant program to conduct cemetery research and produce educational materials for the Veterans Legacy Program. (192 R Votes)H.R. 425: Supporting Veterans in STEM Careers Act (4 R cosponsors, Voice Voted)H.R. 113: All-American Flag Act (3 R cosponsors, Voice Voted)H.R. 263: To rename the Oyster Bay National Wildlife Refuge as the Congressman Lester Wolff Oyster Bay National Wildlife Refuge. (6 R cosponsors, Voice Voted)H.R. 925: North American Wetlands Conservation Extension Act (12 R cosponsors, Voice Voted)H.R. 737: Shark Fin Sales Elimination Act of 2019 (89 R Votes)H.R. 4029: Tribal Access to Homeless Assistance Act (2 R cosponsors, Voice Voted)H.R. 4300: Fostering Stable Housing Opportunities Act of 2019 (3 R cosponsors, Voice Voted)H.R. 3661: Patriotic Employer Protection Act of 2019 (3 R cosponsors, Voice Voted)H.R. 3224: Deborah Sampson Act (177 R Votes)H.R. 4334: Dignity in Aging Act of 2019 (14 R cosponsors, Voice Voted)H.R. 4067: Financial Inclusion in Banking Act of 2019 (2 R cosponsors, Voice Voted)H.R. 2514: Coordinating Oversight, Upgrading and Innovating Technology, and Examiner Reform Act of 2019 (1 R cosponsor, Voice Voted)H.R. 777: Debbie Smith Reauthorization Act of 2019 (178 R Votes)H.R. 598: Georgia Support Act (19 R cosponsors, Voice Voted)H.R. 4406: Small Business Development Centers Improvement Act of 2019 (157 R Votes)H.R. 4405: Women’s Business Centers Improvements Act of 2019 (3 R cosponsors, Voice Voted)H.R. 4387: To establish Growth Accelerator Fund Competition within the Small Business Administration, and for other purposes. (3 R cosponsors, Voice Voted)H.R. 3329: To designate the facility of the United States Postal Service located at 5186 Benito Street in Montclair, California, as the “Paul Eaton Post Office Building”. (6 R cosponsors, Voice Voted)H.R. 1833: To designate the facility of the United States Postal Service located at 35 Tulip Avenue in Floral Park, New York, as the “Lieutenant Michael R. Davidson Post Office Building”. (6 R cosponsors, Voice Voted)H.R. 4270: Placing Restrictions on Teargas Exports and Crowd Control Technology to Hong Kong Act (7 R cosponsors, Voice Voted)H.R. 3722: Joint Task Force to Combat Opioid Trafficking Act of 2019 (184 R Votes)H.R. 1595: Secure And Fair Enforcement Banking Act of 2019 (91 R Votes)H.R. 2327: Burma Political Prisoners Assistance Act (3 R cosponsors, Voice Voted)H.R. 1423: Forced Arbitration Injustice Repeal Act (2 R Votes)H.R. 2134: Helen Keller National Center Reauthorization Act of 2019 (5 R cosponsors, Voice Voted)H.R. 1941: Coastal and Marine Economies Protection Act (12 R Votes)H.R. 3670: Short-Term Detention Standards Act (5 R cosponsors, Voice Voted)H.R. 549: Venezuela TPS Act of 2019 (39 R Votes)H.R. 434: Emancipation National Historic Trail Study Act (3 R cosponsors, Voice Voted)H.R. 2397: American Manufacturing Leadership Act (6 R cosponsors, Voice Voted)H.R. 3196: Vera C. Rubin Observatory Designation Act (1 R cosponsor, Voice Voted)H.R. 2037: Saudi Arabia Human Rights and Accountability Act of 2019 (178 R Votes)H.R. 2142: To amend the Small Business Act to require the Small Business and Agriculture Regulatory Enforcement Ombudsman to create a centralized website for compliance guides, and for other purposes. (5 R cosponsors, Voice Voted)H.R. 677: 21st Century President Act (40 R cosponsors, Voice Voted)H.R. 1988: Protecting Affordable Mortgages for Veterans Act of 2019 (5 R cosponsors, Voice Voted)H.R. 2515: Whistleblower Protection Reform Act of 2019 (181 R Votes)H.R. 2109: BRAVE Act (3 R cosponsors, Voice Voted)H.R. 2476: Securing American Nonprofit Organizations Against Terrorism Act of 2019 (18 R cosponsors, Voice Voted)H.R. 1237: COAST Research Act of 2019 (7 R cosponsors, Voice Voted)H.R. 2333: Support for Suicide Prevention Coordinators Act (6 R cosponsors, Voice Voted)H.R. 2340: FIGHT Veteran Suicides Act (3 R cosponsors, Voice Voted)H.R. 753: Global Electoral Exchange Act of 2019 (2 R cosponsors, Voice Voted)H.R. 1437: Securing Department of Homeland Security Firearms Act of 2019 (1 R cosponsor, Voice Voted)H.R. 1594: First Responder Access to Innovative Technologies Act (1 R cosponsor, Voice Voted)H.R. 920: Venezuela Arms Restriction Act (5 R cosponsors, Voice Voted)H.R. 1477: Russian-Venezuelan Threat Mitigation Act (3 R cosponsors, Voice Voted)H.R. 1112: Enhanced Background Checks Act of 2019 (3 R Votes)H.R. 8: Bipartisan Background Checks Act of 2019 (8 R Votes)H.R. 507: Put Trafficking Victims First Act of 2019 (189 R Votes)H.R. 66: Route 66 Centennial Commission Act (171 R Votes)H.R. 428: Homeland Security Assessment of Terrorists’ Use of Virtual Currencies Act (191 R Votes)H.R. 56: Financial Technology Protection Act (2 R cosponsors, Voice Voted)H.R. 676: NATO Support Act (149 R Votes)H.R. 328: Hack Your State Department Act (170 R Votes)H.R. 247: Federal CIO Authorization Act of 2019 (1 R cosponsor, Voice Voted)H.R. 136: Federal Intern Protection Act of 2019 (1 R cosponsor, Voice Voted)H.R. 135: Federal Employee Antidiscrimination Act of 2019 (193 R Votes)H.R. 1615: Verification Alignment and Service-disabled Business Adjustment Act (19 R cosponsors, Voice Voted)H.R. 3504: Ryan Kules Specially Adaptive Housing Improvement Act of 2019 (1 R cosponsor, Voice Voted)H.R. 1850: Palestinian International Terrorism Support Prevention Act of 2019 (34 R cosponsors, Voice Voted)H.R. 617: Department of Energy Veterans’ Health Initiative Act (25 R cosponsors, Voice Voted)H.R. 2140: Preventing Child Marriage in Displaced Populations Act (1 R cosponsor, Voice Voted)H.R. 2045: To amend title 38, United States Code, to establish in the Department the Veterans Economic Opportunity and Transition Administration, and for other purposes. (2 R cosponsors, Voice Voted)H.R. 1812: Vet Center Eligibility Expansion Act (1 R cosponsor, Voice Voted)H.R. 353: To direct the Secretary of State to develop a strategy to regain observer status for Taiwan in the World Health Organization, and for other purposes. (4 R cosponsors, Voice Voted)H.R. 1847: Inspector General Protection Act (1 R cosponsor, Voice Voted)H.R. 2066: DHS Intelligence Rotational Assignment Program Act of 2019 (1 R cosponsor, Voice Voted)H.R. 1589: CBRN Intelligence and Information Sharing Act of 2019 (1 R cosponsor, Voice Voted)H.R. 1122: Housing Choice Voucher Mobility Demonstration Act of 2019 (168 R Votes)H.R. 974: Federal Reserve Supervision Testimony Clarification Act (2 R cosponsors, Voice Voted)H.R. 1064: To amend title 5, United States Code, to allow whistleblowers to disclose information to certain recipients. (2 R cosponsors, Voice Voted)H.R. 1065: Social Media Use in Clearance Investigations Act of 2019 (168 R Votes)H.R. 389: Kleptocracy Asset Recovery Rewards Act (2 R cosponsors, Voice Voted)H.R. 1306: Federal Disaster Assistance Coordination Act (3 R cosponsors, Voice Voted)H.R. 205: Protecting and Securing Florida’s Coastline Act of 2019 (22 R Votes)H.R. 759: Ysleta del Sur Pueblo and Alabama-Coushatta Tribes of Texas Equal and Fair Opportunity Settlement Act (12 R cosponsors, Voice Voted)H.R. 1307: Post-Disaster Assistance Online Accountability Act (2 R cosponsors, Voice Voted)H.R. 335: South Florida Clean Coastal Waters Act of 2019 (3 R cosponsors, Voice Voted)H.R. 988: NEAR Act of 2019 (4 R cosponsors, Voice Voted)H.R. 1704: Championing American Business Through Diplomacy Act of 2019 (177 R Votes)H.R. 1199: VA Website Accessibility Act of 2019 (3 R cosponsors, Voice Voted)H.R. 565: AMIGOS Act (2 R cosponsors, Voice Voted)H.R. 3537: Veteran Entrepreneurship Training Act of 2019 (196 R Votes)H.R. 886: Veteran Treatment Court Coordination Act of 2019 (1 R cosponsor, Voice Voted)H.R. 2513: Corporate Transparency Act of 2019 (25 R Votes)H.R. 1146: Arctic Cultural and Coastal Plain Protection Act (4 R Votes)H.R. 281: Ensuring Diverse Leadership Act of 2019 (3 R cosponsors, Voice Voted)H.R. 1331: Local Water Protection Act (117 R Votes)H.R. 1716: Coastal Communities Ocean Acidification Act of 2019 (6 R Votes)H.R. 1921: Ocean Acidification Innovation Act of 2019 (168 R Votes)H.R. 615: Refugee Sanitation Facility Safety Act of 2019 (2 R cosponsors, Voice Voted)H.R. 5: Equality Act (8 R Votes)H.R. 312: Mashpee Wampanoag Tribe Reservation Reaffirmation Act (47 R Votes)H.R. 2502: Transparency in Federal Buildings Projects Act of 2019 (2 R cosponsors, Voice Voted)H.R. 596: Crimea Annexation Non-recognition Act (195 R Votes)H.R. 1472: To rename the Homestead National Monument of America near Beatrice, Nebraska, as the Homestead National Historical Park. (2 R cosponsors, Voice Voted)H.R. 499: Service-Disabled Veterans Small Business Continuation Act (194 R Votes)H.R. 1424: Fallen Warrior Battlefield Cross Memorial Act (22 R cosponsors, Voice Voted)H.R. 1775: Notice to Airmen Improvement Act of 2019 (1 R cosponsor, Voice Voted)H.R. 4407: SCORE for Small Business Act of 2019 (171 R Votes)H.R. 3694: Helping Families Fly Act of 2019 (8 R cosponsors, Voice Voted)H.R. 2613: Advancing Innovation to Assist Law Enforcement Act (1 R cosponsor, Voice Voted)H.R. 97: Rescuing Animals With Rewards Act of 2019 (1 R cosponsor, Voice Voted)H.R. 2744: USAID Branding Modernization Act (186 R Votes)H.R. 3050: Expanding Investment in Small Businesses Act of 2019 (189 R Votes)H.R. 2002: Taiwan Assurance Act of 2019 (20 R cosponsors, Voice Voted)H.R. 1235: MSPB Temporary Term Extension Act (1 R cosponsor, Voice Voted)H.R. 769: Counterterrorism Advisory Board Act of 2019 (186 R Votes)H.R. 192: Trans-Sahara Counterterrorism Partnership Act (2 R cosponsors, Voice Voted)H.R. 2162: Housing Financial Literacy Act of 2019 (1 R cosponsor, Voice Voted)H.R. 752: Open Book on Equal Access to Justice Act (2 R cosponsors, Voice Voted)H.R. 202: Inspector General Access Act of 2019 (2 R cosponsors, Voice Voted)H.R. 1760: Advanced Nuclear Fuel Availability Act (R sponsor, voice voted)H.R. 347: Responsible Disposal Reauthorization Act of 2019 (R sponsor, voice voted)H.R. 3494: Damon Paul Nelson and Matthew Young Pollard Intelligence Authorization Act for Fiscal Years 2018, 2019, and 2020 (171 R votes)H.R. 2539: Strengthening Local Transportation Security Capabilities Act of 2019 (167 R votes)H.R. 1037: Banking Transparency for Sanctioned Persons Act of 2019 (1 R sponsor, voice voted)H.R. 1388: Lytton Rancheria Homelands Act of 2019 (173 R votes)H.R. 498: Clean Up the Code Act of 2019 (R sponsor)H.R. 9: Climate Action Now Act (3 R votes)H.R. 1644: Save the Internet Act of 2019 (1 R vote)H.R. 1060: BUILD Act (1 R sponsor, voice voted)H.R. 91: Columbia River In-Lieu and Treaty Fishing Access Sites Improvement Act (171 R votes)H.R. 582: Raise the Wage Act (3 R votes)H.R. 1088: FIRST Act (R sponsor, voice vote)H.R. 255: Big Bear Land Exchange Act (R sponsor voice vote)H.R. 1663: Foundation of the Federal Bar Association Charter Amendments Act of 2019 (R sponsor, voice vote)H.R. 3996: VA Design-Build Construction Enhancement Act of 2019 (R sponsor, voice vote)H.R. 1496: Presidential Allowance Modernization Act of 2019 (R sponsor, voice vote)H.R. 2589: Unifying DHS Intelligence Enterprise Act (R sponsor, voice vote)H.R. 241: Bank Service Company Examination Coordination Act of 2019 (R sponsor)H.R. 2609: DHS Acquisition Review Board Act of 2019 (191 R votes)H.R. 2590: DHS Overseas Personnel Enhancement Act of 2019 (179 R votes)H.R. 1947: To amend title 38, United States Code, to exempt transfers of funds from Federal agencies to the Department of Veterans Affairs for nonprofit corporations established under subchapter IV of chapter 73 of such title from certain provisions of t (R sponsor, voice vote)H.R. 1313: Transit Security Grant Program Flexibility Act (R sponsor, voice vote)H.R. 317: Santa Ynez Band of Chumash Indians Land Affirmation Act of 2019 (R sponsor, voice vote)H.R. 297: Little Shell Tribe of Chippewa Indians Restoration Act of 2019 (173 R votes)H.R. 190: Expanding Contracting Opportunities for Small Businesses Act of 2019 (188 R votes)H.R. 4863: United States Export Finance Agency Act of 2019 (13 R votes)H.R. 1373: Grand Canyon Centennial Protection Act (9 R votes)H.R. 3525: U.S. Border Patrol Medical Screening Standards Act (2 R votes)H.R. 3239: Humanitarian Standards for Individuals in Customs and Border Protection Custody Act (1 R vote)H.R. 2722: SAFE Act (1 R vote)H.R. 6: American Dream and Promise Act of 2019 (7 R votes)H.R. 840: Veterans’ Access to Child Care Act (178 R votes)H.R. 790: Federal Civilian Workforce Pay Raise Fairness Act of 2019 (29 R votes)H.R. 4860: Crowdfunding Amendments Act (R sponsor, voice vote)H.R. 5084: Improving Corporate Governance Through Diversity Act of 2019 (55 R votes)H.R. 1593: CLASS Act of 2019 (168 R votes)H.R. 3675: Trusted Traveler Reconsideration and Restoration Act of 2019 (R sponsor, voice vote)H.R. 2345: Clarifying the Small Business Runway Extension Act (R sponsor, voice vote)Passed with Democratic votes only:H.R. 1608: Federal Advisory Committee Act Amendments of 2019H.R. 3351: Financial Services and General Government Appropriations Act, 2020H.R. 2211: STURDY ActH.R. 182: To extend the authorization for the Cape Cod National Seashore Advisory Commission.H.R. 4625: Protect the GI Bill ActH.R. 1623: Help America Run ActH.R. 1815: SEC Disclosure Effectiveness Testing ActH.R. 3625: PCAOB Whistleblower Protection Act of 2019H.R. 2290: Shutdown Guidance for Financial Institutions ActH.R. 3299: Promoting Respect for Individuals’ Dignity and Equality Act of 2019H.R. 2943: Providing Benefits Information in Spanish and Tagalog for Veterans and Families ActH.R. 2919: Improving Investment Research for Small and Emerging Issuers ActH.R. 2372: Veterans’ Care Quality Transparency ActH.R. 495: FIRST State and Local Law Enforcement ActH.R. 206: Encouraging Small Business Innovation ActH.R. 128: Small Business Advocacy Improvements Act of 2019H.R. 1487: Santa Monica Mountains National Recreation Area Boundary Adjustment Study ActH.R. 876: Pacific Northwest Earthquake Preparedness Act of 2019 (Voice vote no R cosponsor)H.R. 4617: SHIELD ActH.R. 3710: Cybersecurity Vulnerability Remediation ActH.R. 3106: Domestic and International Terrorism DATA ActH.R. 2203: Homeland Security Improvement ActH.R. 1690: Carbon Monoxide Alarms Leading Every Resident To Safety Act of 2019H.R. 3620: Strategy and Investment in Rural Housing Preservation Act of 2019H.R. 2942: HEALTH ActH.R. 1261: National Landslide Preparedness ActH.R. 1433: Department of Homeland Security Morale, Recognition, Learning and Engagement Act of 2019H.R. 854: Humanitarian Assistance to the Venezuelan People Act of 2019H.R. 1: For the People Act of 2019H.R. 494: Tiffany Joslyn Juvenile Accountability Block Grant Reauthorization and Bullying Prevention and Intervention Act of 2019H.R. 543: To require the Federal Railroad Administration to provide appropriate congressional notice of comprehensive safety assessments conducted with respect to intercity or commuter rail passenger transportation.H.R. 1500: Consumers First ActI made it!! So I dare you Trump fans to refute this and make the false claim again that the House of Representatives isn’t looking out for the well-being of the American people. INCLUDING YOURSELVES!!!Sources: Search Bills in Congress and You know that trainload of hundreds of bills Senate Republicans have blocked? Here's a linked list

The interplay between governments and the economics of the polities that they govern has not only been of interest to academicians but also to the public, not to mention its use by political leaders across the globe to secure their power and position and mould the future of their nations as they see fit.Such involvement on the part of the society at large into a subject of considerable complexity does not merely arise out of a desire for scholastic debates and discussions but because in an interconnected and democratic society, the dynamics of the relationship between the state and economy have much bearing on our day to day life. In this essay, we shall examine the state's role in economics in order to establish the conditions under which the state, endowed with certain characteristics ( which too shall be discussed), can prove to be a partner in economic prosperity.The ambiguity that surrounds the meaning of the term "state" makes it imperative that we establish an "ecumenical" definition of the word lest the reader(s) misunderstand the premise of this essay. An attempt at defining the state would take us to the roots of the word; the word is derived from the Latin word "status" which means condition. A state is thus the condition of an organised group of people being ruled by a government, a polity that exercises authority enough over a stable population to be able to coerce it into cooperation ( with the state itself and fellow citizens) and coordinates their activities to create a society with internal stability, economic growth and the possibility of social development. The above definition draws from Max Weber's characterisation of the state as a polity that maintains a monopoly on the legitimate use of violence, Tilly's description of the state based on the bellocentric theories of state formation ( Capital, Coercion and European States) and the rights and duties of state as outlined in the Montevideo Convention.[1]Having thus established a reasonably acceptable definition of a state, we are provided with the criteria for testing the "strength" of the state. A strong and effective state is one which has the means to validate its authority over the territory it claims and can remain relevant in the social, economic and political domains of the territory. It must have enough power to resist external pressures as well as internal dynastic, communal, political or economic divisions and be capable of binding outlying semi-governed polities beneath a central or networked system. Weak states, however, are susceptible to invasion, successful or unsuccessful revolution or revolt and mass resistance to state policies. Strong states possess the possibility to impose their will internally and externally, in the final instance by force. Weak states lack this capacity.Perhaps the most important function of a state is to be able to maintain the rule of law and strong states are best suited for the purpose. In the words of the Scottish theologian, Samuel Rutherford, the Rule of Law means lex rex and not rex lex ie the Law is king, not the other way round [2]. In its most basic sense, it means the supremacy of Law. Institutions such as the judiciary, the parliament or monarchy become instruments for maintaining and adapting laws ( to the needs and wants of the society) but not Law themselves. In such conditions, Law remains constant while the governments that execute it are in constant flux. This is not to say that laws are unchanging and set in stone. The Law can and must adapt to the public's aspirations and reigning circumstances. this is also an aspect of the Rule of Law. The Rule of Law entails• Supremacy of Law• Equality before Law• Accountability before Law• Prevention of Ambiguity and Arbitrariness• TransperancyTo surmise, the Law must be universal, general and neutral [3] and to possess effective mechanisms of maintaining the Rule of Law with all these characteristics is a hallmark of a strong state. By reigning in chaos, a strong state provides for its citizens a sense of security and stability which propels the growth of innovation and entrepreneurship. Hayek says about the relation Rule of Law bears with economics " under Rule of Law the government is prevented from stultifying individual efforts by ad hoc action. Within known rules of the game, the individual is free to pursue his personal ends and desires, certain that the powers of the government will not be used deliberately to frustrate his efforts" Unforeseen changes in the government often result in fluctuations in economic policies which adds up to the risks already taken by businessmen and investors. Protests and insurgencies lead to the closure of markets, unmitigated violence may cause labour and transportation charges to up, all of which are detrimental to economic prosperity. The uncertainty regarding one's life and assets often drive skilled workers to seek better opportunities abroad, causing the nation to suffer brain drain. The United Nations Refugee Agency states that over six million Syrians have fled their country since 2011 in hopes of a better future.[4] In such conditions, not only do nations and their governments lose tax revenue but also skilled workers and potential entrepreneurs who could have made meaningful contributions to the economy. Lack of confidence in volatile or potentially volatile states causes foreign investors to stay away and subsequently, nations are deprived of the management, skills, expertise and technology that could have stimulated the economy. States where the Rule of Law is weak often have to spend a large portion of their revenue on trying to contain social unrest. Such cash strapped states cannot be expected to be able to provide their citizens with quality education and thus the nations lose out on an opportunity to harness the talents and skills of its young citizens for its benefit. Apart from this, the governments of such nations are not well placed to be able to incentives for businesses in the form of tax breaks or subsidies. Very often, weak states require their citizens to pay high taxes in order to sustain the efforts directed at quelling disturbances in the country. Besides being unpopular, such taxes reduce the purchasing power of the citizens and hence their ability to provide for themselves and their families a better future, thereby fanning the flames of discontent. Gandhi's Salt Satyagraha of 1930 and the Boston Tea Party are only two examples of the effect that unpopular taxation can have on the populace and the role it can play in destabilising capricious governments.Property rights are deemed so important for the material prosperity of an individual and the development of the society as a whole that they are enshrined in the Universal Declaration of Human Rights.[5]Private property provides incentives for individuals to economise on resource use, conserve resources and maintain capital for future production. According to the Fraser's Institute Economic Freedom of the World,"Property rights are accepted as linchpins of for human beings liberty, acting as a catalyst for economic and societal growth, and as a defence against authoritarian temptations. Accordingly, a legal private property system becomes a highly useful institution for a society as it works naturally to protect liberties". A strong state has sufficient ability to protect private property, the catalyst for growth.The property provides a reason to work since it provides a profit. It generates a sense of security against adverse economic conditions. Owning property empowers people and opens up the road to social mobility. Thus for economic growth, to keep the market dynamic, to provide the springboard for improvement in living standards, strong property rights are absolutely necessary. A strong state enacts laws that protect the transferability of property rights, provides such institutions which can peacefully settle conflicting claims on goods and resources, and enables owners to use resources under their control in any way they see fit and profit from it.^ In its 2018 edition, The Property Rights Alliance ranked the above-mentioned countries on the basis of the strength and effectiveness of their laws regarding property rights.[6] Nations with the strongest and most efficient of such laws are placed in the first quintile and those with the weakest are in the last quintile. It is interesting to note that the countries in the first quintile are also some of the least corrupt and most prosperous. The following report, published by the World Justice Project in 2019, which measures the of Rule of Law performance across eight factors viz Constraints on Government Powers, Absence of Corruption, Open Government, Fundamental Rights, Order and Security, Regulatory Enforcement, Civil Justice, and Criminal Justice, makes this correlation clearer. [7]It must be clear from the discussion that a strong state with a credible and neutral police force, a penal system whose integrity is guaranteed and an efficient, and non-partisan judicial system, with steadfast adherence to the rule of law andstrong property laws and measures to protect contract rights are not mere companions to economic growth but the very requisite for the same. These prove to be effective instruments in curbing the authoritarian tendencies of an interventionist government, (which are inevitably accompanied by confiscatory taxation, cronyism and overreaching regulations) and also prevent the disintegration of states and the creeping weakness of the governments which brings misery and desolation for the population.References and works cited[1]A-40: Convention on Rights and Duties of States. CONVENTION ON RIGHTS AND DUTIES OF STATES. Retrieved 2020-07-01[2] Rutherford, Samuel. "Lex, rex The law and the prince: a dispute for the just prerogative of king and people: containing the reasons and causes of the most necessary defensive wars of the kingdom of Scotland and of their expedition for the ayd and the help of their dear brethren of England." (London: Printed for Iohn Field..., October 7, 1644. Early English Books Online Text Creation Partnership, 2011.) http://name.udml.umich.edu/A57975.0001.001; accessed 01-07-2020[3] un.org/ruleoflaw/what-is-rule-of-law/Tilly, Charles. "Coercion, Capital and European States, AD 900-1992" Cambridge, Mass : Blackwell Publishers Ltd. 2015[4] Syria Refugee Crisis Explained[5] Article 17, Universal Declaration of Human Rights accessed at Universal Declaration of Human Rights[6] International Property Rights Index accessed at Which Countries Have the Best Record in Protecting Property Rights? | Daniel J. Mitchell[7] WJP Rule of Law Index 2019 accessed at WJP Rule of Law Index 2019BibliographyAcemoglu, D. ( April 2005). "Politics and Economics in Weak and Strong States". Journal of Monetary Economics. v(52). 1199-1226, located at Politics and Economics in Weak and Strong States, accessed on 02/06/2020Tsygankov, A. ( May 2015). "A Strong State: Theory and Practice in the 21st century" Valdai Papers. v(15). 1-9, located at https://valdaiclub.com/a/valdaipapers/, accessed on 3/06/2020Fukuyama, F."The Origins of Political Order: From Prehuman Times to the French Revolution ". New York : Farrar, Straus and Giroux. 2011Fukuyama, F. "Political Order and Political Decay: From the Industrial Revolution to the Globalization of Democracy". New York : Farrar, Strauss and Giroux. 2014Hayek, F.A. "The Road to Serfdom". Chicago: The University of Chicago Press. 1994

Delhi, the capital of India today, was established more than 3000 years ago in the northern part of the country in a large and fertile lowland, situated at the foot of the Himalayas. This old city is home to people from different cultures and religions who not only compete and fight with each other but also consist of a colorful mosaic of people, smells, colors, and tastes.The capital of India, Delhi, has approximately 17 million inhabitants. The city is divided into two parts: Old Delhi, located near the Yamuna River, and New Delhi, the home of the national government. Both parts are connected by the so-called Connaught Place, which has many restaurants, bars, shops, and hotels. Buses and rickshaws are the most popular means of transport in Delhi.New Delhi is known for its craftsmanship: it is an industrial and residential district. The buildings here are scattered low and chaotic, the streets are narrow and busy. Here you will also find many Eastern markets and monumental structures, built in the time of the Mongolian empire.In 1912-1929 a modern western-style suburb was developed according to the plans of the English architects E. Lutyens and H. Baker, who soon became part of the city and were called New Delhi. In 1912 the British chose him as India's new colonial administration center, previously located in Calcutta, which accelerated the development of the city. New Delhi became the capital of the Union of India in 1947 and the capital of the Republic of India in 1950.New Delhi consists of three neighborhoods: commercial, residential and government, separated by city parks. Straight and wide streets connect circular squares and well-kept parks.Delhi has well-developed industries and crafts. The textile industry (mainly cotton), sewing, leather, shoes, glass, ceramics, food, electrical and chemical engineering (mineral fertilizers and rubber) are the most popular. The industries of precision instruments, machine tools, automobile and bicycle manufacturing, and metallurgy are also important. The locals of Old Delhi are particularly interested in ivory engraving, gold and silver filigree items, and home-made weaving crafts.As for what is on display, the Friday mosque, the presidential residence Rashtrapati Bhavan, the Rajpath Boulevard, the Qutb Minar tower (the highest stone tower in the world), the Jai Singh Observatory and the Lotus Temple are worth mentioning.Hindus and Buddhists claim that the lotus is sacred. The lotus-shaped temple with 27 gigantic "flowers" covered with marble is one of the best-known symbols of Delhi. Although this spectacular temple is modern in spirit, it is still a place where you can end up in a very special state of mind.The Red Fort (or Lal Kila), one of the most interesting tourist attractions in Delhi, was built in 1648 and served as the residence of the Mughal Emperor of India until 1857. The name comes from the red sandstone that was used to be walls. The fort is 2 km long and 18-33 m high.The recently restored Jama Masjid (Friday mosque) is the largest mosque in India. It can accommodate around 5,000 people inside and another 25,000 in the courtyard. The mosque was built in 1651-1658. On Friday it is accessible through the eastern doors, which were used only by emperors in the past. For 10 rupees (20 cents) you can also go to the South Minaret (women can only enter if they are accompanied by a man and dress well, with regard to their shoulders and legs).The symbol of Delhi, the Qutb Minar tower, was built in 1199 by the first Muslim ruler of the city, Qutb al-Din Aibak, in honor of his turn to Islam. The tower is decorated with expensive ornaments and passages from the Koran. This 71-meter high tower, illuminated at night by reflectors, is not only the oldest monument in Delhi but also a symbol of the clash of different worldviews.Near the tower is the famous Iron Pillar, not conquered by time or rust. Tourists are told a legend that those who can surround it with their hands will live happily and all their wishes come true.Another object worthy of attention in Delhi is the Raj Ghat, where Indian Patriarch Mahatma Gandhi, Jawaharlal Nehru, and Indira Gandhi are cremated.A new capital: a visible symbol of British supremacy over India was New Delhi: the "New" was added to distinguish it from the oldest cities that preceded it, the walled city of the Mughal Emperor being the last and most famous. An important requirement for the new city, of course, was that it had to conquer its predecessor in every respect.New Delhi is, therefore, a strange but beautiful story: of an empire at its peak, but also of an empire that would soon collapse. A search for monumental and imperial architecture, but also an architectural vocabulary that would be representative of the subcontinent.And Robert Byron, who traveled through India in the 1930s, would say:The traveler leaves Old Delhi, passes Jama Masjid and the fort. There is a flat, brown, plump, and broken land on both sides. This country has been compared to the Roman campaign: everywhere the graves and mosques from the time of the Mughals and earlier, resisted by the color of the earth, bear witness to ancient empires. The road describes a bend and starts imperceptibly on a slope. Suddenly a landscape of towers and dome rises on the horizon, illuminated by the pink and cream-colored sun that dances against the blue sky, cool as a cup of milk, great as Rome. Very close the foreground reveals a white bow. The motor switches off the artery and stops at the low red foot of the gigantic monument. The traveler takes a deep breath. Before his eyes, leaning softly upwards, he walks along a gravel road with such an infinite perspective that he suggests the intervention of a deteriorating glass; At the end, raised on the tops of green trees, the seat of the government, the seventh Delhi, four squares shines on an eminence: dome, tower, dome, tower, dome, red, pink, cream and whitewashed gold and flashy in the morning sun. The traveler loses his breath and with him his fears and prejudices. Here is something that is not only worthy but has never been. With a shiver of impatience, the contemporary standard is shaken and prepared to evoke that of Greece, the Renaissance, and the Mughals.HistoryGeorge V benefited from his second visit to India and the great coronation of Durbar that followed to announce the transfer of the capital from Calcutta to Delhi. This decision was of strategic and political importance. Delhi was not only more important for the growing influence of the empire on the subcontinent, but it was also the symbolic head of the government for centuries. However, moving to an existing city was out of the question: the new power required a new city. The planning of the new capital had begun long before the real change and solved urban planning problems and an appropriate architectural style.In Britain, a relatively little-known architect, who until now had specialized in country houses, with the strength of business and family connections, succeeded in becoming the precursor of the new capital equipment.His name was Edwin Lutyens.Together with his friend Herbert Baker, Lutyens took on the task of creating a suitable architecture for the Raj, deviating from what had previously happened as architecture, both for the Indian dynasties and for his British colleagues.The planning inspiration came from other imperial models and new capitals: Paris and the Champs Elysees by Baron Haussmann, the unfinished plan by Wren for London, as well as the plan by L'Enfant for Washington DC. Other planning ideas come from contemporary British urban design experiments: the Circus in Bath for Connaught Place and Hampstead Garden City for the residential suburbs of New Delhi.Architecture and symbologyThe plan of the city of New Delhi, just like the architecture, was chosen with just one important consideration: to be a symbol of British power and supremacy. All other decisions were subordinate to this and it was this framework that dictated the choice and application of the symbology and influences of Hindu, Buddhist, and Muslim architecture.And so, although many elements of New Delhi's architecture borrow from indigenous sources, they must fit into a classical / Palladian British tradition.Lutyens openly despised the "experiments" to develop an Anglo-Indian style that had preceded him, such as those in Bombay and Delhi. Indian architecture was nothing better for him than randomly inspired jets, but he didn't have many styles to pursue or inspire. If there were indeed indigenous features in the design, it was due to the perseverance and impulse of both the Viceroy and Lord Hardinge as well as historians such as E.B. HavellResponsible responsibilitiesThe responsibility for the plan lay primarily with Lutyens, especially after a dispute with Baker about the exact location of the viceroy's house. In terms of architecture, however, the division of labor was more precise: the viceroy's house was Lutyens, with Baker the secretariat. Lutyens and Baker, at Viceroy's House, and what is now known as North and South Blocks, together created one of the most monumental public spaces of the twentieth century. This was also the cause of the dispute between the two: for Lutyens the steep slope to Raisina Hill would obscure 'his' viceroy for some time, while for Baker a softer slope would undermine his view of the secretariats. Baker would finally get away with it, but professional disagreement would undermine the friendship between the two men.Originally designed as a monument to fallen Indian soldiers employed by the British army, the Gate of India was originally called the War Memorial Arch and was designed in honor of its predecessors, the Arc de Triomphe and Porte St. Denis in Paris. The names of 60,000 men who fell fighting for the British Empire are engraved on the walls. A politically fitting monument, the arch also completed Kings Way (now Rajpath), the monumental central hub of New Delhi.The legislative building (parliament building)The 1919 Montague-Chelmsford reform entailed a certain amount of legislative responsibility for the Indians, creating the need for a legislative building as part of the New Delhi complex. The House of Parliament in its definitive form was Baker's conception, a strange circular form in a predominantly orthogonal planning scheme. Despite the difficulty of citing a circular building in the urban design plan, Baker's creation is not without architectural merit, with an impressive outdoor colonnade and a three-pointed interior plan with a vaulted central space.Royal homesFor the Indian princes, a house ("palace") in the New Delhi scheme was an indication of their prestige. (That this prestige was mainly on paper was a fact that would be painfully clear shortly after 1947). The princely houses of New Delhi (including Hyderabad, Baroda, and Jaipur) were more symbolic than real representations of power.The largest of them was Hyderabad House, before the Nizam of Hyderabad, perhaps the richest man in the world at that time. Lutyens' plan was based on the "butterfly" scheme that he had been using since 1902, and he made sure not to rival the splendor of the Viceroy's home. More clearly of classical origin than imperial buildings, Hyderabad House is less ornate and even more original as a typology.At Baroda House, with the full approval of his client trained in Great Britain, Lutyens chose not to grant a concession to Indian motifs and traditions. Baroda House is Anglo-Saxon in appearance and finish, and here the butterfly plan is cut in half in the middle.ChurchesAlthough Lutyen's dreams for a great cathedral never came true, other churches emerged in New Delhi. One, the Garrison Church for the cantonment of Delhi (Architect: Arthur Shoosmith) would be a forerunner of the modern architectural movement in India. The other, the Church of Salvation by H.A.N. Medd was right next to the viceroy's house.However, after 17 years of continuous construction, New Delhi was in a state ready to be opened in 1931. This was a great celebration of dances and cocktails, splendor, all in honor of the greatest architectural achievement of the British Empire. The impeccable geometry and order imposed by the Delhi plan on the site symbolized the order imposed on the world by the British Empire.How ironic! Already in 1931, it was clear that the British government in India was coming to an end. Like the Raj, New Delhi was already the symbol of an era that ended: an era of splendor, an era of kings.The Indian capital is already the second most populous urban conurbation in the world. The future is even more frightening.Politics and now pollution keep Delhi in the news forever, but a third P is missing in the speech about the capital: population growth, which has increased over the past two decades, and its disastrous consequences.The Indian capital is already the second most populous urban conurbation in the world. The future is even more frightening: a United Nations report published in mid-2018 says that by 2028 Delhi may be the most densely populated city in the world with 37.2 million residents. That's eight million more in just 10 years.According to the report called World Urbanization Prospects 2018 of the population division of the UN Ministry of Economic and Social Affairs, the population of Delhi and its immediate surroundings is now estimated at 29 million, only exceeded in Tokyo with 37 million people. But Delhi will overtake Tokyo, whose population is expected to fall to 36.8 million in 2028.Will it be worth living in Delhi? Can the state of the city of Delhi escape the pressure exerted by a constantly expanding National Capital Region (NCR), which now extends to Alwar? Are we fully prepared for this population explosion?In a small office at the India Habitat Center in Delhi, a group of city planners, all belonging to the National Institute of Urban Affairs (NIUA), has just begun to collect basic data on land, housing, transport, environment, heritage, water, among other things. , for the Master Plan for Delhi (MPD) 2041. “Our deadline for preparing the master plan is 2021. But unlike previous editions, it will not be a 20-year flat plan. This will be subdivided into different achievable values, for example, every five years, "says Nilesh Rajadhyaksha, chief MPD coordinator and an urban specialist at NIUA.The NIUA, autonomous research and advisory body that depends on the Ministry of Housing and Urban Affairs, has been hired by the Delhi Development Authority (DDA) to implement this colossal strategic plan for Delhi 2041. The current master plan, MPD- 2021, which was notified in 2007 and prepared by an internal DDA team, was due to expire in 2021. (For registration, the first master plan for Delhi was implemented in 1962, followed by the plan launched in 1990 for the year 2001).The concern is that there is a lack of urgency to repair Delhi. Many crucial elements of MPD-2021 are still on paper, and there are only two years left before the plan expires. AK Jain, former DDA planning commissioner and a key architect of MPD-2021, offers a long list of what has not been implemented. The master plan talks about the redevelopment of colony rehabilitation colonies such as Lajpat Nagar, Old Rajendra Nagar, and Mukherjee Nagar, which were originally intended for Partition refugees.So far nothing has been done on that front. Nor for the redevelopment of 45 resettlement colonies such as Ambedkar Nagar and Trilokpuri, which were developed during the Emergency to rehabilitate the inhabitants of slums. The rejuvenation of the Yamuna is also in the plan, but the river is still very polluted on the stretch in Delhi.Will Delhi be habitable? Jain doesn't have much hope. He says that Delhi will not be a very habitable city, even if the master plan is fully implemented. “Delhi is part of the National Capital Region (NCR). Therefore, the development of Delhi cannot stand on its own, "he explains.This is where we must distinguish between Delhi and NCR. Delhi, the city-state now ruled by the Aam Aadmi Party led by Arvind Kejriwal, covers an area of ​​1,483 square kilometers and is officially called the National Capital Territory (NCT) of Delhi. At the 2011 census, it had a population of 16.8 million, compared to 13.8 million ten years ago. The MPD-2021 estimates that the NCT of Delhi in 2021 will have a population of 23 million.While the Central National Capital Region of 3,483 square kilometers includes the immediate neighborhoods of Delhi, such as Gurgaon, Noida, Ghaziabad, Faridabad, Bahadurgarh, and Sonepat-Kundli, the NCR extends over an enormous area of ​​55,098 square kilometers. It would be a mistake to use NCR as a synonym for Delhi, as it now includes 23 districts from three neighboring states: 13 in Haryana (Faridabad, Gurgaon, Mewat, Rohtak, Sonepat, Rewari, Jhajjar, Panipat, Palwal, Bhiwani, Mahendragarh, Jind and Karnal), eight in Uttar Pradesh (Meerut, Ghaziabad, Gautam Buddh Nagar, Bulandshahr, Baghpat, Hapur, Shamli and Muzaffarnagar) and Alwar and Bharatpur, 200 km away, in Rajasthan.The NCR population, according to the 2011 census, when Muzaffarnagar, Jind, Karnal, and Shamli had not yet been added, was 46 million. The population is expected to be 64 million in 2021, according to MPD-2021.Interestingly enough, the World Urbanization Outlook 2018 did not take into account the fact that the entire NCR would come from the agglomeration of the people of Delhi. Roughly taken into account the NCT population of Delhi and Central NCR. Formerly called the Delhi Metropolitan Area, the Central NCR is a division into the Regional Plan 2021, prepared by the Planning Board of the National Capital Region and notified in 2005.The plan suggested that the opportunities offered by NCR Central should be maximized in order to compete effectively with the NCT in Delhi, with comparable employment opportunities, economic activities, an extensive transportation system, housing, social infrastructure and liveability, and environment.Moreover, the largest industries should not be in Delhi, but in the central NCR. According to the 2011 census, the central NCR with the Delhi NCT had a population of 22.2 million, which could probably be 29 million in 2018, as estimated in the UN report.So how would Delhi handle its growing population? First, you have to take care of your migrants. In 2001, more than 60% of the total addition to the city came from natural population growth (people born in geography), and the remaining 40% were migrants. In 2011, the proportion of migrants in the general establishment of the city rose to 45%.According to the projections in MPD-2021, the share of migrants to the extra population will increase even more to 50% in 2021, which means that the growing influence of the migrant population is now a harsh reality.Delhi will suffer unless its neighbors share the growing burden of the migrant population.Hardeep Singh Puri, Minister of State of the Union (independent office) for housing and urban affairs, argues that the dissolution of Delhi is only possible if the state government cooperates. “We prepared a decongestion plan in 2016 in Delhi. I have shared the report with the Prime Minister of Delhi. Maybe he doesn't realize the urgency. Whatever the reason, the plan is not being implemented, "Puri told ET Magazine, adding that the development of NCR is essential to make Delhi a cute urban space (see interview" The Delhi government must work together "). another reason for the problems of Delhi and NCR. Jain says: "The main problem is that the NCR Planning Board (NCRPB), which has the mandate to undertake integrated planning for Delhi and its neighboring cities, is truly a body without teeth. "The NCRPB, consisting of the law of Parliament, the NCRPB law of 1985, has the mandate to draw up a regional plan and to develop a harmonized policy for land use and infrastructure development throughout the NCR. But the administration has not been effective, especially since the country is a state problem and none of the neighbors of Delhi, Uttar Pradesh, Haryana or Rajasthan are willing to grant too many concessions to Delhi. The NCRPB also does not have sufficient power, for example, to issue orders to stop the burning of stubble in Haryana and Punjab, the main reason for the serious pollution that Delhi notices every winter. OP Agarwal, a former officer and CEO of the World Resources Institute-India, says that India may have to think of a different level of governance outside the municipalities and metropolitan authorities."Perhaps a larger regional entity is needed, something like a group of cities," he says, pointing to the Chinese model of city groups as extended jurisdictions. "It would also be necessary to classify municipal services in which they are provided at municipal, metropolitan and conglomerate level." being Shamli, not to relieve Delhi, but to improve the value of its own brand and obtain central funds. For example, the NCRPB provided credit support for 353 projects in NCR, with a total payout of Rs 30.809 million, from 10 February 2019, for which data are available. The total sanctioned loan for NCR cities is 14.644 million Rupees, of which 11.297 Rupees have been paid out so far. But Delhi needs to realize that it needs its neighbors more than they need.After all, Delhi will suffer unless its neighbors share the growing burden of the migrant population. Delhi cannot move alone. While the Kejriwal AAP rules Delhi, it would need the cooperation of BJP, which governs the center, as well as the neighbors of Uttar Pradesh and Haryana, and the Rajasthan congress. Interestingly, the government buildings, mainly from the center, occupy 56 square kilometers of Delhi, the Sarkari homes occupy another 30 square kilometers and the embassies 8 square kilometers. Political differences must not impede the implementation of development plans.Although the development of the Delhi district is key, the nonsense expansion of NCR outside of Alwar or Jind will be counterproductive. What is needed, on the other hand, is the development of counter-magnet areas (CMA), nine of which are Hisar (Haryana), Ambala (Haryana), Bareilly (Uttar Pradesh), Kanpur (Uttar Pradesh), Kota (Rajasthan), Jaipur ( Rajasthan), Gwalior (Madhya Pradesh), Patiala (Punjab) and Dehradun (Uttarakhand) already fall under the fold of the NCR planning board.Equipped with an improved social and physical infrastructure, these CMAs can relocate migrants from Delhi and relieve pressure on the capital. A different P is required for this: planning that jumps out of the master planning documents and is effectively implemented.