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Are there any operating systems that have no association with Google or Microsoft?Yes. According to Wikipedia, here is a list of operating systems (minus Google and Microsoft):Acorn Computers[edit]ArthurARXMOSRISC iXNamia Operating SystemAmiga Inc.[edit]AmigaOSAmigaOS 1.0-3.9 (Motorola 68000)AmigaOS 4 (PowerPC)Amiga Unix (a.k.a. Amix)Apple Inc.[edit]Apple II familyApple DOSApple PascalProDOSGS/OSGNO/MEApple IIIApple SOSApple LisaLisa Workshop[1]Lisa Operating System[2]Apple MacintoshClassic Mac OSA/UX (UNIX System V with BSD extensions)CoplandMkLinuxPinkRhapsodyNeXTSTEPmacOS (formerly Mac OS X and OS X)macOS Server (formerly Mac OS X Server and OS X Server)Apple Network ServerIBM AIX (Apple-customized)Apple MessagePadNewton OSiPhone, iPod Touch, iPadiOS (formerly iPhone OS)Apple WatchwatchOSApple TVtvOSEmbedded operating systemsA/ROSEiPod software (unnamed embedded OS for iPod)Unnamed NetBSD variant for Airport Extreme and Time CapsuleApollo Computer[edit]Domain/OS : One of the first network-based systems. Run on Apollo/Domain hardware. Later bought by Hewlett-Packard.Atari[edit]Atari DOS (for 8-bit computers)Atari TOSAtari MultiTOSBAE Systems[edit]XTS-400Be Inc.[edit]BeOSBeIABeOS r5.1d0magnussoft ZETA (based on BeOS r5.1d0 source code, developed by yellowTAB)Bell Labs[edit]Unix ("Ken's new system," for its creator (Ken Thompson), officially Unics and then Unix, the prototypic operating system created in Bell Labs in 1969 that formed the basis for the Unix family of operating systems)UNIX Time-Sharing System v1UNIX Time-Sharing System v2UNIX Time-Sharing System v3UNIX Time-Sharing System v4UNIX Time-Sharing System v5UNIX Time-Sharing System v6MINI-UNIXPWB/UNIXUSGCB UnixUNIX Time-Sharing System v7 (It is from Version 7 Unix (and, to an extent, its descendants listed below) that almost all Unix-based and Unix-like operating systems descend.)Unix System IIIUnix System IVUnix System VUnix System V Releases 2.0, 3.0, 3.2, 4.0, and 4.2UNIX Time-Sharing System v8UNIX TIme-Sharing System v9UNIX Time-Sharing System v10Non-Unix Operating Systems:BESYSPlan 9 from Bell LabsInfernoBull SAS[edit]General Comprehensive Operating System (GCOS)Burroughs Corporation, Unisys[edit]Burroughs MCPControl Data Corporation[edit]Chippewa Operating System (COS)MACE (Mansfield and Cahlander Executive)Kronos (Kronographic OS)NOS (Network Operating System)NOS/BE NOS Batch EnvironmentNOS/VE NOS Virtual EnvironmentSCOPE (Supervisory Control Of Program Execution)SIPROS (for Simultaneous Processing Operating System)EP/IX (Enhanced Performance Unix)Convergent Technologies[edit]Convergent Technologies Operating System (later acquired by Unisys)Cromemco[edit]CDOS, a Disk Operating system compatible with CP/MCromix, a Multi-tasking, multi-user, Unix-like OS for Cromemco microcomputers with Z80A and/or 68000 CPUData General[edit]AOS for 16-bit Data General Eclipse computers and AOS/VS for 32-bit (MV series) Eclipses, MP/AOS for microNOVA-based computersDG/UXRDOS Real-time Disk Operating System, with variants: RTOS and DOS (not related to PC DOS, MS-DOS etc.)DataPoint[edit]CTOS Z-80 based, Cassette Tape Operating System for early desktop systems. Capable of up to 8 simultaneous users. Replaced by DataPoint DOS.DOS Intel 808x/80x86-based, Disk Operating Systems for desktop systems. Capable of up to 32 users per node. Supported a sophisticated network of nodes that were often purpose-built. The name DOS was used in these products login screens before it was popularized by IBM, Microsoft and others.DDC-I, Inc.[edit]Deos Time & Space Partitioned RTOS, Certified to DO-178B, Level A since 1998HeartOS Posix-based Hard Real-Time Operating SystemDigital Research, Inc.[edit]CP/MCP/M CP/M for Intel 8080/8085 and Zilog Z80Personal CP/M, a refinement of CP/MCP/M Plus with BDOS 3.0CP/M-68K CP/M for Motorola 68000CP/M-8000 CP/M for Zilog Z8000CP/M-86 CP/M for Intel 8088/8086CP/M-86 PlusPersonal CP/M-86MP/M Multi-user version of CP/M-80MP/M IIMP/M-86 Multi-user version of CP/M-86MP/M 8-16, a dual-processor variant of MP/M for 8086 and 8080 CPUs.Concurrent CP/M, the successor of CP/M-80 and MP/M-80Concurrent CP/M-86, the successor of CP/M-86 and MP/M-86Concurrent CP/M 8-16, a dual-processor variant of Concurrent CP/M for 8086 and 8080 CPUs.Concurrent CP/M-68K, a variant for the 68000DOSConcurrent DOS, the successor of Concurrent CP/M-86 with PC-MODEConcurrent PC DOS, a Concurrent DOS variant for IBM compatible PCsConcurrent DOS 8-16, a dual-processor variant of Concurrent DOS for 8086 and 8080 CPUsConcurrent DOS 286Concurrent DOS XM, a real-mode variant of Concurrent DOS with EEMS supportConcurrent DOS 386Concurrent DOS 386/MGE, a Concurrent DOS 386 variant with advanced graphics terminal capabilitiesConcurrent DOS 68K, a port of Concurrent DOS to Motorola 68000 CPUs with DOS source code portability capabilitiesFlexOS 1.0 – 2.34, a derivative of Concurrent DOS 286FlexOS 186, a variant of FlexOS for terminalsFlexOS 286, a variant of FlexOS for hostsSiemens S5-DOS/MT, an industrial control system based on FlexOSIBM 4680 OS, a POS operating system based on FlexOSIBM 4690 OS, a POS operating system based on FlexOSToshiba 4690 OS, a POS operating system based on IBM 4690 OS and FlexOSFlexOS 386, a later variant of FlexOS for hostsIBM 4690 OS, a POS operating system based on FlexOSToshiba 4690 OS, a POS operating system based on IBM 4690 OS and FlexOSFlexOS 68K, a derivative of Concurrent DOS 68KMultiuser DOS, the successor of Concurrent DOS 386CCI Multiuser DOSDatapac Multiuser DOSDatapac System Manager, a derivative of Datapac Multiuser DOSIMS Multiuser DOSIMS REAL/32, a derivative of Multiuser DOSIMS REAL/NG, the successor of REAL/32DOS Plus 1.1 – 2.1, a single-user, multi-tasking system derived from Concurrent DOS 4.1 – 5.0DR-DOS 3.31 – 6.0, a single-user, single-tasking native DOS derived from Concurrent DOS 6.0Novell PalmDOS 1.0Novell "Star Trek"Novell DOS 7, a single-user, multi-tasking system derived from DR DOSCaldera OpenDOS 7.01Caldera DR-DOS 7.02 and higherDigital Equipment Corporation, Tandem Computers, Compaq, Hewlett-Packard[edit]Batch-11/DOS-11Domain/OS (originally Aegis, from Apollo Computer who were bought by HP)HP-UXMulti-Programming Executive (from HP)NonStopOS/8RSTS/E (multi-user time-sharing OS for PDP-11s)RSX-11 (multiuser, multitasking OS for PDP-11s)RT-11 (single user OS for PDP-11)TOPS-10 (for the PDP-10)TENEX (an ancestor of TOPS-20 from BBN, for the PDP-10)TOPS-20 (for the PDP-10)Digital UNIX (derived from OSF/1, became HP's Tru64 UNIX)UltrixVMS (originally by DEC and HP now by VMS Software Inc.) for the VAX mini-computer range, Alpha and Intel Itanium i2 and i4; later renamed OpenVMS)WAITS (for the PDP-6 and PDP-10)ENEA AB[edit]OSE Flexible, small footprint, high-performance RTOS for control processorsFujitsu[edit]Towns OSGeneral Electric[edit]Real-Time Multiprogramming Operating SystemGreen Hills Software[edit]INTEGRITY Reliable Operating systemINTEGRITY-178B A DO-178B certified version of INTEGRITY.µ-velOSity A lightweight microkernel.Heathkit, Zenith Data Systems[edit]HDOS; ran on the H8 and Heath/Zenith Z-89 seriesHT-11 (a modified version of RT-11) ran on the Heathkit H11Hewlett-Packard[edit]HP Multi-Programming Executive (MPE, MPE/XL, and MPE/iX) runs on HP 3000 and HP e3000 mini-computersHP-UX; runs on HP9000 and Itanium servers – from small to mainframe-class computersNonStop OS; runs on HP's NonStop line of Itanium serversHoneywell[edit]MulticsGCOSCP-6Intel Corporation[edit]iRMX; real-time operating system originally created to support the Intel 8080 and 8086 processor families in embedded applications.ISIS, ISIS-II; "Intel Systems Implementation Supervisor" was an environment for development of software within the Intel microprocessor family in the early 1980s on their Intellec Microcomputer Development System and clones. ISIS-II worked with 8 inch floppy disks and had an editor, cross-assemblers, a linker, an object locator, debugger, compilers for PL/M, a BASIC interpreter, etc. and allowed file management through a console.IBM[edit]Further information: History of IBM mainframe operating systemsOn early mainframes: 1400, 1800, 701, 704, 709, 7090, 7094[edit]BESYS (for the IBM 7090)CTSS (The Compatible Time-Sharing System, developed at MIT's Computation Center for use on a modified IBM 7094)GM OS & GM-NAA I/O (for the IBM 704)IBSYS (tape based operating system for IBM 7090 and IBM 7094)IJMON (A bootable serial I/O monitor for loading programs for IBM 1400 and IBM 1800)SOS (SHARE Operating System, for the IBM 704 and 709)UMES (University of Michigan Executive System, for the IBM 704, 709, and 7090)On S/360, S/370, and successor mainframes[edit]OS/360 and successors on IBM S/360, S/370, and successor mainframesOS/360 (first official OS targeted for the System/360 architecture),Saw customer installations of the following variations:PCP (Primary Control Program, a kernel and a ground breaking automatic space allocating file system)MFT (original Multi-programming with a Fixed number of Tasks, replaced by MFT II)MFT II (Multi-Programming with a Fixed number of Tasks, had up to 15 fixed size application partitions, plus partitions for system tasks, initially defined at boot time but redefinable by operator command)MVT (Multi-Programming Variable Tasks, had up to 15 application regions defined dynamically, plus additional regions for system tasks)OS/VS (port of OS/360 targeted for the System/370 virtual memory architecture, "OS/370" is not correct name for OS/VS1 and OS/VS2, but rather refers to OS/VS2 MVS and MVS/SP Version 1),Customer installations in the following variations:SVS (Single Virtual Storage, both VS1 & VS2 began as SVS systems)OS/VS1 (Operating System/Virtual Storage 1, Virtual-memory version of MFT II)OS/VS2 (Operating System/Virtual Storage 2, Virtual-memory version of OS/MVT but without multiprocessing support)OS/VS2 R2 (called Multiple Virtual Storage, MVS, eliminated most need for VS1)MVS/SE (MVS System Extensions)MVS/SP (MVS System Product)MVS/XA (MVS/SP V2. MVS supported eXtended Architecture, 31-bit addressing)MVS/ESA (MVS supported Enterprise System Architecture, horizontal addressing extensions: data only address spaces called Dataspaces; a Unix environment was available starting with MVS/ESA V4R3)OS/390 (Upgrade from MVS, with an additional Unix environment)z/OS (OS/390 supported z/Architecture, 64-bit addressing)DOS/360 and successors on IBM S/360, S/370, and successor mainframesBOS/360 (early interim version of DOS/360, briefly available at a few Alpha & Beta System/360 sites)TOS/360 (similar to BOS above and more fleeting, able to boot and run from 2x00 series tape drives)DOS/360 (Disk Operating System (DOS), multi-programming system with up to 3 partitions, first commonly available OS for System/360)DOS/360/RJE (DOS/360 with a control program extension that provided for the monitoring of remote job entry hardware (card reader & printer) connected by dedicated phone lines)DOS/VS (First DOS offered on System/370 systems, provided virtual storage)DOS/VSE (also known as VSE, upgrade of DOS/VS, up to 14 fixed size processing partitions )VSE/SP (program product replacing DOS/VSE and VSE/AF)VSE/ESA (DOS/VSE extended virtual memory support to 32-bit addresses (Extended System Architecture)).z/VSE (latest version of the four decades old DOS lineage, supports 64-bit addresses, multiprocessing, multiprogramming, SNA, TCP/IP, and some virtual machine features in support of Linux workloads)CP/CMS (Control Program/Cambridge Monitor System) and successors on IBM S/360, S/370, and successor mainframesCP-40/CMS (for System/360 Model 40)CP-67/CMS (for System/360 Model 67)VM/370 (Virtual Machine / Conversational Monitor System, virtual memory operating system for System/370)VM/XA (VM/eXtended Architecture for System/370 with extended virtual memory)VM/ESA (Virtual Machine / Extended System Architecture, added 31-bit addressing to VM series)z/VM (z/Architecture version of the VM OS with 64-bit addressing)Further information: History of CP/CMSTPF Line (Transaction Processing Facility) on IBM S/360, S/370, and successor mainframes (largely used by airlines)ACP (Airline Control Program)TPF (Transaction Processing Facility)z/TPF (z/Architecture extension)Unix-like on IBM S/360, S/370, and successor mainframesAIX/370 (IBM's Advanced Interactive eXecutive, a System V Unix version)AIX/ESA (IBM's Advanced Interactive eXecutive, a System V Unix version)OpenSolaris for IBM System zUTS (developed by Amdahl)z/LinuxOthers on IBM S/360, S/370, and successor mainframes:BOS/360 (Basic Operating System)MTS (Michigan Terminal System, developed by a group of universities in the US, Canada, and the UK for the IBM System/360 Model 67, System/370 series, and compatible mainframes)RTOS/360 (IBM's Real Time Operating System, ran on 5 NASA custom System/360-75s)[3]TOS/360 (Tape Operating System)TSS/360 (IBM's Time Sharing System)MUSIC/SP (developed by McGill University for IBM System/370)ORVYL and WYLBUR (developed by Stanford University for IBM System/360)On PC and Intel x86 based architectures[edit]PC DOS, IBM DOSPC DOS 1.x, 2.x, 3.x (developed jointly with Microsoft)IBM DOS 4.x, 5.0 (developed jointly with Microsoft)PC DOS 6.1, 6.3, 7, 2000, 7.10See also: MS-DOS and WindowsOS/2OS/2 1.x (developed jointly with Microsoft)OS/2 2.xOS/2 Warp 3 (ported to PPC via Workplace OS)OS/2 Warp 4eComStation (Warp 4.5/Workspace on Demand, rebundled by Serenity Systems International)IBM 4680 OS version 1 to 4, a POS operating system based on Digital Research's Concurrent DOS 286 and FlexOS 286 1.xxIBM 4690 OS version 1 to 6.3, a successor to 4680 OS based on Novell's FlexOS 286/FlexOS 386 2.3xToshiba 4690 OS version 6.4, a successor to 4690 OS 6.3On other hardware platforms[edit]IBM Series/1EDX (Event Driven Executive)RPS (Realtime Programming System)CPS (Control Programming Support, subset of RPS)SerIX (Unix on Series/1)IBM 1130DMS (Disk Monitor System)IBM 1800TSX (Time Sharing eXecutive)MPX (Multi Programming eXecutive)IBM 8100DPCX (Distributed Processing Control eXecutive)DPPX (Distributed Processing Programming Executive)IBM System/3DMS (Disk Management System)IBM System/34, IBM System/36SSP (System Support Program)IBM System/38CPF (Control Program Facility)IBM System/88Stratus VOS (developed by Stratus, and used for IBM System/88, Original equipment manufacturer from Stratus)AS/400, iSeries, System i, Power Systems i EditionOS/400 (descendant of System/38 CPF, include System/36 SSP environment)i5/OS (extends OS/400 with significant interoperability features)IBM i (extends i5/OS)UNIX on IBM POWERAIX (Advanced Interactive eXecutive, a System V Unix version)AOS (a BSD Unix version, not related to Data General AOS)OthersWorkplace OS (a Microkernel based operating system including OS/2, developed and canceled in the 1990s)K42 (open-source research operating system on PowerPC or x86 based cache-coherent multiprocessor systems)Dynix (developed by Sequent, and used for IBM NUMA-Q too)International Computers Limited[edit]J and MultiJob for the System 4 series mainframesGEORGE 2/3/4 GEneral ORGanisational Environment, used by ICL 1900 series mainframesExecutive, used on the 1900 and 290x range of minicomputers. A modified version of Executive was also used as part of GEORGE 3 and 4.TME, used on the ME29 minicomputerICL VME, including early variants VME/B and VME/2900, appearing on the ICL 2900 Series and Series 39 mainframes, implemented in S3VME/K on early smaller 2900sJide[edit]Remix OSLynx Real-time Systems, LynuxWorks, Lynx Software Technologies[edit]LynxOSMicrium Inc.[edit]MicroC/OS-II (small pre-emptive priority based multi-tasking kernel)MicroC/OS-III (small pre-emptive priority based multi-tasking kernel, with unlimited number of tasks and priorities, and round robin scheduling)MITS[edit]Altair DOS - An early disk operating system for the Altair 8800 machine.MontaVista[edit]MontaVista MobilinuxNCR Corporation[edit]TMX – Transaction Management eXecutiveIMOS - Interactive Multiprogramming Operating System (circa 1978), for the NCR Century 8200 series minicomputersVRX - Virtual Resource eXecutiveNintendo[edit]es is a computer operating system developed originally by Nintendo and since 2008 by Esrille. It is open source and runs natively on x86 platforms.Novell[edit]NetWare network operating system providing high-performance network services. Has been superseded by Open Enterprise Server line, which can be based on NetWare or Linux to provide the same set of services.UnixWareNovell "SuperNOS", a never released merge of NetWare and UnixWareNovell "Corsair"Novell "Exposé"Open Enterprise Server, the successor to NetWare.Quadros Systems[edit]RTXC Quadros RTOS proprietary C-based RTOS used in embedded systemsRCA[edit]TSOS, first OS supporting virtual addressing of the main storage and support for both timeshare and batch interfaceRoweBots[edit]DSPnano RTOS 8/16 Bit Ultra Tiny Embedded Linux Compatible RTOSUnison RTOS 32 Bit Open Standards, Linux Compatible, Ultra Tiny Size, Modularity, POSIX-compliant RTOS that supports a variety of wireless modules and provides a complete set of security protocolsSamsung Electronics[edit]BadaTizen is an operating system based on the Linux kernel, a project within the Linux Foundation and is governed by a Technical Steering Group (TSG) while controlled by Samsung and backed by Intel. Tizen works on a wide range of Samsung devices including smartphones, tablets, smart TVs, PCs and wearable.SCO, SCO Group[4][edit]Xenix, Unix System III based distribution for the Intel 8086/8088 architectureXenix 286, Unix System V Release 2 based distribution for the Intel 80286 architectureXenix 386, Unix System V Release 2 based distribution for the Intel 80386 architectureSCO Unix, SCO UNIX System V/386 was the first volume commercial product licensed by AT&T to use the UNIX System trademark (1989). Derived from AT&T System V Release 3.2 with an infusion of Xenix device drivers and utilities plus most of the SVR4 featuresSCO Open Desktop, the first 32-bit graphical user interface for UNIX Systems running on Intel processor-based computers. Based on SCO UnixSCO OpenServer 5, AT&T UNIX System V Release 3 basedSCO OpenServer 6, SVR5 (UnixWare 7) based kernel with SCO OpenServer 5 application and binary compatibility, system administration, and user environmentsUnixWareUnixWare 2.x, based on AT&T System V Release 4.2MPUnixWare 7, UnixWare 2 kernel plus parts of 3.2v5 (UnixWare 2 + OpenServer 5 = UnixWare 7). Referred to by SCO as SVR5Scientific Data Systems (SDS)[edit]Berkeley Timesharing System for the SDS 940Sciopta Systems GmbH[edit]SCIOPTA Pre-emptive, priority-based real-time kernel (IEC61508 certified)SYSGO[edit]PikeOS is a certified real time operating system for safety and security critical embedded systemsTandy Corporation[edit]TRSDOS; A floppy-disk-oriented OS supplied by Tandy/Radio Shack for their TRS-80 Z80-based line of personal computers. Eventually renamed as LS-DOS or LDOS.Color BASIC; A ROM-based OS created by Microsoft for the TRS-80 Color Computer.[citation needed]NewDos/80; A third-party OS for Tandy's TRS-80 personal computers.DeskMate; Operating system created by Tandy Corporation and introduced with the Tandy 1000 computer.[citation needed]TCSC (later NCSC)[edit]Edos – enhanced version of IBM's DOS/360 (and later DOS/VS and DOS/VSE) operating system for System/360 and System/370 IBM mainframesTexas Instruments[edit]TI-RTOS Kernel; Real-time operating system for TI's embedded devices.TRON Project[edit]TRON (open real-time operating system kernel)T-KernelUnisys[edit]Unisys MCPUnisys OS 2200 operating systemUNIVAC, Unisys[edit]EXEC IEXEC IIEXEC 8 Ran on 1100 series.VS/9, successor to RCA TSOSWang Laboratories[edit]WPS Wang Word Processing System. Micro-code based system.OIS Wang Office Information System. Successor to the WPS. Combined the WPS and VP/MVP systems.Wang VS Operating System (VSOS) – used on the VS line of minicomputer systems.WICAT[edit]WICAT Multiuser Computer System (WMCS). MC-68K multiuser O/S for their proprietary microcomputers, used mainly for CBT systemsWind River Systems[edit]VxWorks Small footprint, scalable, high-performance RTOS for embedded microprocessor based systems.[5]Other[edit]Lisp-based[edit]Lisp Machines, Inc. (also known as LMI) used an operating system written in MIT's Lisp Machine Lisp.Symbolics Genera written in a systems dialect of the Lisp programming language called ZetaLisp and Symbolics Common Lisp. Genera was ported to a virtual machine for the DEC Alpha line of computers.Texas Instruments' Explorer Lisp machine workstations also had systems code written in Lisp Machine Lisp.Xerox 1100 series of Lisp machines used an operating system also written in Interlisp, and was also ported to a virtual machine called "Medley."PilOS Stand alone operating system. It is a full blown 64-bit PicoLisp runs directly on a standard x86-64 PC hardware.Non-standard language-based[edit]Pilot operating system (used in Xerox Star workstations) was written in the Mesa programming language.PERQ Operating System (POS) was written in PERQ Pascal.Other proprietary non-Unix-like[edit]Эльбрус-1 (Elbrus-1) and Эльбрус-2 used for application, job control, system programming,[6] implemented in uЭль-76 (AL-76).EOS; developed by ETA Systems for use in their ETA-10 line of supercomputersEMBOS; developed by Elxsi for use on their mini-supercomputersGCOS is a proprietary Operating System originally developed by General ElectricMAI Basic Four; An OS implementing Business Basic from MAI Systems.Michigan Terminal System; Developed by a group of universities in the US, Canada, and the UK for use on the IBM System/360 Model 67, the System/370 series, and compatible mainframesMUSIC/SP; an operating system developed for the S/370, running normally under VMOS ES; an operating system for ES EVMPC-MOS/386; DOS-like, but multiuser/multitaskingProlog-Dispatcher; used to control Soviet Buran space ship.SINTRAN III; an operating system used with Norsk Data computers.SkyOS; commercial desktop OS for PCsTHEOSTSX-32; a 32-bit operating system for x86 platform.TX990/TXDS, DX10 and DNOS; proprietary operating systems for TI-990 minicomputersOther proprietary Unix-like and POSIX-compliant[edit]Aegis (Apollo Computer)Amiga Unix (Amiga ports of Unix System V release 3.2 with Amiga A2500UX and SVR4 with Amiga A3000UX. Started in 1990, last version was in 1992)Coherent (Unix-like OS from Mark Williams Co. for PC class computers)DC/OSx (DataCenter/OSx—an operating system developed by Pyramid Technology for its MIPS-based systems)DG/UX (Data General Corp)DNIX from DIABDSPnano RTOS (POSIX nanokernel, DSP Optimized, Open Source)HeliOS developed and sold by Perihelion Software mainly for transputer based systemsInteractive Unix (a port of the UNIX System V operating system for Intel x86 by Interactive Systems Corporation)IRIX from SGIMeikOSNeXTSTEP (developed by NeXT; a Unix-based OS based on the Mach microkernel)OS-9 Unix-like RTOS. (OS from Microware for Motorola 6809 based microcomputers)OS9/68K Unix-like RTOS. (OS from Microware for Motorola 680x0 based microcomputers; based on OS-9)OS-9000 Unix-like RTOS. (OS from Microware for Intel x86 based microcomputers; based on OS-9, written in C)OSF/1 (developed into a commercial offering by Digital Equipment Corporation)OpenStepQNX (POSIX, microkernel OS; usually a real time embedded OS)Rhapsody (an early form of Mac OS X)RISC iX – derived from BSD 4.3, by Acorn computers, for their ARM family of machinesRISC/os (a port by MIPS Technologies of 4.3BSD for its MIPS-based computers)RMXSCO UNIX (from SCO, bought by Caldera who renamed themselves SCO Group)SINIX (a port by SNI of Unix to the MIPS architecture)Solaris (from Sun, bought by Oracle; a System V-based replacement for SunOS)SunOS (BSD-based Unix system used on early Sun hardware)SUPER-UX (a port of System V Release 4.2MP with features adopted from BSD and Linux for NEC SX architecture supercomputers)System V (a release of AT&T Unix, 'SVR4' was the 4th minor release)System V/AT, 386 (The first version of AT&T System V UNIX on the IBM 286 and 386 PCs, ported and sold by Microport)Trusted Solaris (Solaris with kernel and other enhancements to support multilevel security)UniFLEX (Unix-like OS from TSC for DMA-capable, extended addresses, Motorola 6809 based computers; e.g. SWTPC, GIMIX and others)Unicos (the version of Unix designed for Cray Supercomputers, mainly geared to vector calculations)UTX-32 (Developed by Gould CSD (Computer System Division), a Unix-based OS that included both BSD and System V characteristics. It was one of the first Unix based systems to receive NSA's C2 security level certification.)Zenix, Zenith corporations Unix (a popular USA electronics maker at the time)Non-proprietary[edit]Unix-like[edit]Research and other POSIX-compliant[edit]MINIX (study OS developed by Andrew S. Tanenbaum in the Netherlands)Plan 9 from Bell Labs (distributed OS developed at Bell Labs, based on original Unix design principles yet functionally different and going much further)Inferno (distributed OS derived from Plan 9, originally from Bell Labs)Plan B (distributed OS derived from Plan 9 and Off++ microkernel)Xinu (Study OS developed by Douglas E. Comer in the United States)Free and open source[edit]Ubuntu, an example of a Linux-based systemBSD (Berkeley Software Distribution, a variant of Unix for DEC VAX hardware)FreeBSD (one of the outgrowths of UC Regents' abandonment of CSRG's 'BSD Unix')DragonFlyBSD, forked from FreeBSD 4.8MidnightBSD, forked from FreeBSD 6.1Darwin, created by Apple using FreeBSD and NeXTSTEPGhostBSDTrueOS (previously known as PC-BSD)NetBSD (an embedded device BSD variant)OpenBSD forked from NetBSDBitrig forked from OpenBSDGNU HurdLinuxSee also: List of Linux distributionsRedoxAndroid x86Cray Linux Environmentillumos, contains original Unix (SVR4) code derived from the OpenSolaris (discontinued by Oracle in favor of Solaris 11 Express)OpenIndiana, operates under the illumos Foundation. Uses the illumos kernel, which is a derivative of OS/Net, which is basically an OpenSolaris/Solaris kernel with the bulk of the drivers, core libraries, and basic utilities.Nexenta OS, based on the illumos kernel with Ubuntu packagesSmartOS, an illumos distribution for cloud computing with Kernel-based Virtual Machine integration.RTEMS (Real-Time Executive for Multiprocessor Systems)Haiku (open source inspired by BeOS, under development)Syllable DesktopUnivention Corporate ServerVSTaFMI/OS, successor of VSTaOther[edit]PlurixTUNIS (University of Toronto)ArmOS (National Politchnical University of Armenia)Non-Unix-like[edit]Research[edit]Amoeba (research OS by Andrew S. Tanenbaum)CroquetEROS microkernel, capability-basedCapROS microkernel EROS successor.Coyotos microkernel EROS successor, goal: be first formally verified OS.Genode "Operating System Framework" based on L4 microkernel family, Linux and others.HelenOS research and experimental operating systemHouse – Haskell User's Operating System and Environment, research OS written in Haskell and CILIOS Research OS designed for routingL4 second generation microkernelMach (from OS kernel research at Carnegie Mellon University; see NeXTSTEP)Nemesis Cambridge University research OS – detailed quality of service abilitiesSpring (research OS from Sun Microsystems)THE multiprogramming system by Dijkstra in 1968, at the Eindhoven University of Technology in the Netherlands, introduced the first form of software-based memory segmentation, freeing programmers from being forced to use actual physical locationsV from Stanford, early 1980s[7]Free and open source[edit]Cosmos (written in C#)FreeDOS (open source DOS variant)Ghost OS (written in Assembly, C/C++)ITS written by MIT students (for the PDP-6 and PDP-10) (written in MIDAS)osFree OS/2 Warp open source clone.OSv (written in C++)Phantom OS (persistent object oriented)ReactOS, open source OS designed to be binary compatible with Windows NT and its variants (Windows XP, Windows 2000, etc.); currently in development phaseSharpOS (written in .NET C#)TempleOS (written in HolyC)Redox OS (written in Rust)[8]Disk operating systems (DOS)[edit]Main article: DOS86-DOS (developed at Seattle Computer Products by Tim Paterson for the new Intel 808x CPUs; licensed to Microsoft, became PC DOS/MS-DOS. Also known by its working title QDOS.)PC DOS (IBM's DOS variant, developed jointly with Microsoft, versions 1.0–7.0, 2000, 7.10)MS-DOS (Microsoft's DOS variant for OEM, developed jointly with IBM, versions 1.x–6.22 Microsoft's now abandoned DOS variant)Concurrent CP/M-86 3.1 (BDOS 3.1) with PC-MODE (Digital Research's successor of CP/M-86 and MP/M-86)Concurrent DOS 3.1-4.1 (BDOS 3.1-4.1)Concurrent PC DOS 3.2 (BDOS 3.2) (Concurrent DOS variant for IBM compatible PCs)DOS Plus 1.1, 1.2 (BDOS 4.1), 2.1 (BDOS 5.0) (single-user, multi-tasking system derived from Concurrent DOS 4.1-5.0)Concurrent DOS 8-16 (dual-processor variant of Concurrent DOS for 8086 and 8080 CPUs)Concurrent DOS 286 1.xFlexOS 1.00-2.34 (derivative of Concurrent DOS 286)FlexOS 186 (variant of FlexOS for terminals)FlexOS 286 (variant of FlexOS for hosts)Siemens S5-DOS/MT (industrial control system based on FlexOS)IBM 4680 OS (POS operating system based on FlexOS)IBM 4690 OS (POS operating system based on FlexOS)Toshiba 4690 OS (POS operating system based on IBM 4690 OS and FlexOS)FlexOS 386 (later variant of FlexOS for hosts)IBM 4690 OS (POS operating system based on FlexOS)Toshiba 4690 OS (POS operating system based on IBM 4690 OS and FlexOS)Concurrent DOS 386 1.0, 1.1, 2.0, 3.0 (BDOS 5.0-6.2)Concurrent DOS 386/MGE (Concurrent DOS 386 variant with advanced graphics terminal capabilities)Multiuser DOS 5.0, 5.01, 5.1 (BDOS 6.3-6.6) (successor of Concurrent DOS 386)CCI Multiuser DOS 5.0-7.22 (up to BDOS 6.6)Datapac Multiuser DOSDatapac System Manager 7 (derivative of Datapac Multiuser DOS)IMS Multiuser DOS 5.1, 7.0, 7.1 (BDOS 6.6-6.7)IMS REAL/32 7.50, 7.51, 7.52, 7.53, 7.54, 7.60, 7.61, 7.62, 7.63, 7.70, 7.71, 7.72, 7.73, 7.74, 7.80, 7.81, 7.82, 7.83, 7.90, 7.91, 7.92, 7.93, 7.94, 7.95 (BDOS 6.8 and higher) (derivative of Multiuser DOS)IMS REAL/NG (successor of REAL/32)Concurrent DOS XM 5.0, 5.2, 6.0, 6.2 (BDOS 5.0-6.2) (real-mode variant of Concurrent DOS with EEMS support)DR DOS 3.31, 3.32, 3.33, 3.34, 3.35, 5.0, 6.0 (BDOS 6.0-7.1) single-user, single-tasking native DOS derived from Concurrent DOS 6.0)Novell PalmDOS 1 (BDOS 7.0)Novell DR DOS "StarTrek"Novell DOS 7 (single-user, multi-tasking system derived from DR DOS, BDOS 7.2)Novell DOS 7 updates 1-10 (BDOS 7.2)Caldera OpenDOS 7.01 (BDOS 7.2)Enhanced DR-DOS 7.01.0x (BDOS 7.2)Dell Real Mode Kernel (DRMK)Novell DOS 7 updates 11-15.2 (BDOS 7.2)Caldera DR-DOS 7.02-7.03 (BDOS 7.3)DR-DOS "WinBolt"OEM DR-DOS 7.04-7.05 (BDOS 7.3)OEM DR-DOS 7.06 (PQDOS)OEM DR-DOS 7.07 (BDOS 7.4/7.7)FreeDOS (open source DOS variant)ProDOS (operating system for the Apple II series computers)PTS-DOS (DOS variant by Russian company Phystechsoft)TurboDOS (Software 2000, Inc.) for Z80 and Intel 8086 processor-based systemsMulti-tasking user interfaces and environments for DOSDESQview + QEMM 386 multi-tasking user interface for DOSDESQView/X (X-windowing GUI for DOS)Network operating systems[edit]Main article: Network operating systemBanyan VINES (Banyan Systems)Cambridge RingCisco IOS by Cisco SystemsCSIRONET by (CSIRO)CTOS (Convergent Technologies, later acquired by Unisys)Data ONTAP by NetAppEnterprise OS by McDATAExtremeWare by Extreme NetworksExtremeXOS by Extreme NetworksFabric OS by BrocadeJunOS by JuniperNetWare (networking OS by Novell)NOS (developed by CDC for use in their Cyber line of supercomputers)Novell Open Enterprise Server (Open Source networking OS by Novell. Can incorporate either SUSE Linux or Novell NetWare as its kernel).Plan 9 (distributed OS developed at Bell Labs, based on Unix design principles but not functionally identical)Inferno (distributed OS derived from Plan 9, originally from Bell Labs)Plan B (distributed OS derived from Plan 9 and Off++ microkernel)SAN-OS by Cisco (now NX-OS)TurboDOS (Software 2000, Inc.)Generic, commodity, and other[edit]BLIS/COBOLBluebottle also known as AOS (a concurrent and active object update to the Oberon operating system)BS1000 by Siemens AGBS2000 by Siemens AG, now BS2000/OSD from Fujitsu-Siemens Computers (formerly Siemens Nixdorf Informationssysteme)BS3000 by Siemens AG (functionally similar to OS-IV and MSP from Fujitsu)FLEX9 (by TSC for Motorola 6809 based machines; successor to FLEX, which was for Motorola 6800 CPUs)GEM (windowing GUI for CP/M, DOS, and Atari TOS)GEOS (popular windowing GUI for PC, Commodore, Apple computers)JavaOSJNode (Java New Operating System Design Effort), written 99% in Java (native compiled), provides own JVM and JIT compiler. Based on GNU Classpath.[9][10]JX Java operating system that focuses on a flexible and robust operating system architecture developed as an open source system by the University of Erlangen.KERNAL (default OS on Commodore 64)MERLIN for the Corvus ConceptMorphOS (Amiga compatible)MSP by Fujitsu (successor to OS-IV), now MSP/EX,[11] also known as Extended System Architecture (EXA), for 31-bit modeNetWare (networking OS by Novell)Oberon (operating system) (developed at ETH-Zürich by Niklaus Wirth et al.) for the Ceres and Chameleon workstation projectsOSD/XC by Fujitsu-Siemens (BS2000 ported to an emulation on a Sun SPARC platform)OS-IV by Fujitsu (based on early versions of IBM's MVS)Pick (often licensed and renamed)PRIMOS by Prime Computer (sometimes spelled PR1MOS and PR1ME)Sinclair QDOS (multitasking for the Sinclair QL computer)SSB-DOS (by TSC for Smoke Signal Broadcasting; a variant of FLEX in most respects)SymbOS (GUI based multitasking operating system for Z80 computers)Symobi (GUI based modern micro-kernel OS for x86, ARM and PowerPC processors, developed by Miray Software; used and developed further at Technical University of Munich)TripOS, 1978TurboDOS (Software 2000, Inc.)UCSD p-System (portable complete programming environment/operating system/virtual machine developed by a long running student project at UCSD; directed by Prof Kenneth Bowles; written in Pascal)VOS by Stratus Technologies with strong influence from MulticsVOS3 by Hitachi for its IBM-compatible mainframes, based on IBM's MVSVM2000 by Siemens AGVisi On (first GUI for early PC machines; not commercially successful)VPS/VM (IBM based, main operating system at Boston University for over 10 years.)For Elektronika BK[edit]ANDOSCSI-DOSKMONMK-DOSHobby[edit]AROS (AROS Research Operating System, formerly known as Amiga Research Operating System)AtheOS (branched to become Syllable Desktop)Syllable Desktop (a modern, independently originated OS; see AtheOS)BareMetalDexOS – 32-bit operating system written in x86 assemblyDSPnano RTOSEmuTOSEROS (Extremely Reliable Operating System)HelenOS, based on a preemptible microkernel designLSE/OSMenuetOS (extremely compact OS with GUI, written entirely in FASM assembly language)KolibriOS (a fork of MenuetOS)RSX180, a multi-user, multi-tasking, RSX-11M-like OS for Z80 and Z180 processors.S-OS (a minimal DOS for Z80 machines)ToaruOSPonyOSAuraOS, a multi-user, multi-tasking and multilingual C# operating system using Cosmos and IL2CPUEmbedded[edit]Personal digital assistants (PDAs)[edit]DIP DOS on Atari PortfolioEmbedded LinuxAndroidFirefox OSÅngström distributionFamiliar LinuxMæmo based on Debian deployed on Nokia's Nokia 770, N800 and N810 Internet Tablets.MeeGo merger of Moblin and MaemoOpenZauruswebOS from Palm, Inc., later Hewlett-Packard via acquisition, and most recently at LG Electronics through acquisition from Hewlett-Packard[12]Inferno (distributed OS originally from Bell Labs)iOSMagic CapMS-DOS on Poqet PC, HP 95LX, HP 100LX, HP 200LX, HP 1000CX, HP OmniGo 700LXNetBSDNewton OS on Apple MessagePadPalm OS from Palm, Inc; now spun off as PalmSourcePEN/GEOS on HP OmniGo 100 and 120PenPoint OSPlan 9 from Bell LabsPVOSSymbian OSEPOCWindows CE, from MicrosoftPocket PC from Microsoft, a variant of Windows CEWindows Mobile from Microsoft, a variant of Windows CEWindows Phone from MicrosoftDigital media players[edit]DSPnano RTOSiOSiPod softwareiPodLinuxiriver clix OSRockBoxMobile phones and smartphones[edit]Main article: Mobile operating systemBlackBerry OSEmbedded LinuxAccess Linux PlatformAndroidbadaFirefox OS (project name: Boot to Gecko)Openmoko LinuxOPhoneMeeGo (from merger of Maemo & Moblin)MobilinuxMotoMagxQt ExtendedSailfish OSTizen (earlier called LiMo Platform)Ubuntu TouchwebOSPEN/GEOS, GEOS-SC, GEOS-SEiOSPalm OSSymbian platform (successor to Symbian OS)Windows Mobile (superseded by Windows Phone)BlackBerry 10Routers[edit]AlliedWare by Allied Telesis (a.k.a. Allied Telesyn)AirOS by Ubiquiti NetworksCatOS by Cisco SystemsCisco IOS (originally Internetwork Operating System) by Cisco SystemsDD-WRT by NewMedia-NETInferno (distributed OS originally from Bell Labs)IOS-XR by Cisco SystemsIronWare by Foundry NetworksJunOS by Juniper NetworksLibreWRT[13] GNU/Linux-libreOpenWrtRouterOS by MikrotikScreenOS by Juniper Networks, originally from NetscreenTimos by Alcatel-LucentFTOS by Force10 NetworksRTOS by Force10 NetworksList of wireless router firmware projectsOther embedded[edit]Apache MynewtChibiOS/RTContikiERIKA EnterpriseeCosNetBSDuClinuxMINIXNCOSfreeRTOS, openRTOS and safeRTOSOpenEmbedded (or Yocto Project)pSOS (Portable Software On Silicon)QNX Unix-like real-time operating system, aimed primarily at the embedded systems market.[14]REX OS (microkernel OS; usually an embedded cell phone OS)RIOTROM-DOSTinyOSThreadXDSPnano RTOSWindows EmbeddedWindows CEWindows Embedded StandardWindows Embedded EnterpriseWindows Embedded POSReadyWind River VxWorks Small footprint, scalable, high-performance RTOS for embedded microprocessor based systems.[5]Wombat OS (microkernel OS; usually a real time embedded OS)ZephyrLEGO Mindstorms[edit]brickOSleJOSCapability-based[edit]Cambridge CAP computer operating system demonstrated the use of security capabilities, both in hardware and software, also a useful fileserver, implemented in ALGOL 68CFlex machine – Custom microprogrammable hardware, with an operating system, (modular) compiler, editor, * garbage collector and filing system all written in ALGOL 68.HYDRA – Running on the C.mmp computer at Carnegie Mellon University, implemented in the programming language BLISS[15]KeyKOS nanokernelEROS microkernelCapROS EROS successorCoyotos EROS successor, goal: be first formally verified OSV from Stanford, early 1980s[7]