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Jamming can be classified into two categories, deception and noise/barrage jamming. Most self-protection EW suites rely on deception jamming where the jammer tries to provide an incorrect variable (range, speed, etc.) or present false targets to the radar. The success of deception jamming depends on intel about the threat radar’s characteristics, the radar’s bandwidth and the processing power of the jammer to form complex waveforms.The S-400’s primary Search radar is a S-band AESA radar (91N6E), which could limit the effectiveness of deception jamming techniques as AESA radar’s larger bandwidth and frequency agility makes them harder to fool. Although its X-band Fire-control radar (92N6E) is a PESA radar – which is easier to deceive than an AESA radar. The F-35 has the most advanced EW suite on an aircraft and if anybody can successfully use deception jamming techniques against modern phased radars – it will be the F-35.However, we don’t know just how effective F-35 will be in deceiving S-400’s radars and it’s one of those grey areas I prefer avoiding. But what we do know for sure is that F-35 has very powerful broadband noise jamming capability.Noise jamming is the oldest form of jamming where you flood the radar’s bandwidth with random noise. Detection is based on Signal to Noise ratio, if your radar returns from the target is below the ambient noise then you can’t detect the target. Broadband noise jamming is the only reliable means against advanced AESA radars with very large bandwidth. The problem with noise jamming is that it requires immensely more jamming power as you’ve to spread your power to the entire frequency channel. This is why vast majority of internal jammer seldom use noise jamming.Stealth gives significant advantage in this area because jamming power required to hide an aircraft is proportional to the RCS. If a 4th gen. aircraft required 10 kW jammer against a radar then F-35 (-40 dBm) will only require 0.001 kW jamming power to achieve the same effect. The E-18 Growlers use ALQ-99E jamming pods with about 11 kW output[1] to provide stand-off jamming support to legacy aircraft against double-digit SAMs (the likes of S-300/400).The F-35 also has the advantage of able to use its AESA radar for Electronic Warfare. The APG-81 radar is the primary transmitter for F-35’s EW suite – the large AESA radar’s ability to form tightly focused radar beams allow it to concentrate the radiated power in a much smaller area than a jamming pod with smaller aperture. The F-35 reportedly has 10 times more effective jamming power than E-18 Growlers with ALQ-99.[2] I explained this briefly in another answer: Is the F-35's electronic warfare capability outmatch the growler?In 2009 China Lake test, F-35 with APG-81 radar demonstrated its ability to simultaneously jam F-22 and F-15E’s AESA radars[3] – a feat restricted to dedicated EW platforms. The S-400’s radars definitely has much more raw power but the APG-77v1 on Raptor very likely has greater bandwidth and can form more complex waveforms (superior LPI characteristics). For context, the early APG-77 had comparable range as S-400’s Search radar in volume search (240 km[4] vs. 275 km[5] against 1 m^2) while exceeding that of S-400’s Gravestone Targeting radar (177 km vs. 1 m^2).The F-35 has adequate jamming power to provide escort jamming to a group of legacy aircraft, even though it only needs a fraction of that jamming power to hide itself. In fact, the F-35’s low-RCS reduces the jamming power to such a degree that ASQ-239’s own apertures/towed-decoy can perform broadband noise jamming against the likes of S-400 even without APG-81 radar – something not remotely possible in a 4th gen. This greatly enhances F-35’s jamming effectiveness into the lower bands beyond the APG-81’s coverage such as Early Warning radars.In addition to this, we know F-35 has the ability to jam enemy datalinks and insert malicious-algorithm packed data streams into enemy networks.[6] An Integrated Air Defence system like S-400 is fully dependent on datalinks to connect the Search & Targeting radars with the Command Centre and the SAM launchers that are dispersed over an area. If that network is somehow compromised then the entire Air Defence system will be severely crippled.It’s no secret that enemy communication networks are the first target on a modern SEAD mission. During the Gulf War, USAF used EC-130 to jam Iraqi communication networks and thereby, crippling their Integrated Air Defence network. Until now cyber warfare domain was limited to dedicated EW platforms; having a tactical aircraft like F-35 able to poke holes into enemy networks has significant advantages in SEAD mission.The AESA radar’s ability to tightly focus its emissions (EMCON) combined with F-35 requiring low-power jamming signals significantly degrade enemy’s counter-jamming tactics. Then there’s Cooperative Jamming where multiple F-35 can alternate jamming signals among each other, performing multi-ship jamming in a coherent manner.So yeah, F-35 can do a lot more than simply jamming S-400’s radars. It has enough power to provide stand-off jamming support to an entire strike package of legacy aircraft. Of course, the legacy aircraft will still be restricted to how close they can get because of their giant RCS but when S-400’s radar can’t detect a -40 dB class target beyond 27 km in an ideal environment, you can very well imagine just how bad it will be in a dense jamming environment. People often forget that USMC replaced their E-6B Prowler fleet, a dedicated EW platform with baseline F-35B.Footnotes[1] Abhirup Sengupta's answer to Is the F-35's electronic warfare capability outmatch the growler?[2] Vanguard Magazine - The Joint Strike Fighter: Driven By Data[3] China’s Stealth Aircraft Program Will Face Advanced Defenses[4] https://www.webcitation.org/6Qpsm5PUo?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.f22-raptor.com%2Fmedia%2Fdocuments%2Faviation_week_010807.pdf[5] https://web.archive.org/web/20181001031150/https://aviationweek.com/site-files/aviationweek.com/files/uploads/2017/12/12/State%20of%20Stealth%20FINAL%20121317.pdf[6] Electronic Warfare

Pearl Jam`s ‘Alive’ from their album ‘Ten’